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Lesson 5: Refrigerator timeline
Unit 5
Great inventions
Learning aims
能够从发明的时间线中找出关键节点信息（如时间、人物/发明者、事件与变化），并用时间顺序梳理“发明—改进—普及”的发展脉络，形成对技术演变的整体认识。
能够掌握本课时的短语和句型。
能够小组协作选择一种发明，制作出结构清晰、图文结合的时间线作品，并进行口头介绍与分享。
New Word
freeze /fri z/ v.（使）冻结；结冰
refrigerator /r fr d re t (r)/ n.（=fridge）冰箱
energy / en d i/ n. 能量；能源
Lead-in
Why do we put the things into the refrigerator
Watch a video about the refrigerator and answer the question.
Activity 1
Pre-reading
Look at the pictures of refrigerator and talk about the following questions.
What is it
Is there a refrigerator in your family
What things do we usually put into the refrigerator
Activity 2
While-reading
Ancient times: Ancient China, Greece, and Rome used ice or snow to preserve food by freezing or chilling it.
1600s: Icehouses were used to preserve food all year round.
1748: William Cullen did an experiment on artificial refrigeration.
1805: Oliver Evans designed the first refrigeration machine.
1890s: Iceboxes became popular. They were smaller icehouses meant for home use.
1913: Fred W. Wolf invented the first home electric refrigerator.
1918: Mass production of home refrigerators began.
1920s: Refrigerators became popular in some countries.
1940s: Freezer compartments were added.
1980s: Water dispensers were added.
1996: Refrigerators became more energy-saving.
Read the timeline fast and get the main idea.
The main idea: This timeline shows the evolution of food preservation and refrigeration technology over centuries.
1
Read the timeline and tick the inventor of the first refrigerator.
□ William Cullen □ Oliver Evans □ Fred.W.Wolf

2
Read the timeline again and circle the correct answers.
A When did refrigerators become popular in some countries
a. In the 1920s
b. In the 1800s.
c. In the 1980s
B What was true about using refrigerators in the 1990s
a. A refrigerator was considered a luxury item.
b. The running cost of a refrigerator is so high that no one could afford one.
c. Energy-efficient refrigerators had become the new normal.
3
Read the timeline carefully and complete the short passage.
The refrigerator is important in our daily life. Let me introduce the development of it.
In ancient times, Ancient China, Greece, and Rome used ______ or ______ to preserve food by ______ and ______ it. In the 1600s, _________ were used to preserve food all year round. In 1748, William Cullen did an experiment on artificial refrigeration. In ______, Oliver Evans designed the first refrigeration machine. In the 1890s, iceboxes became _______. They were smaller icehouses meant for home use. In 1913, Fred W. Wolf ______ the first home electric refrigerator. In 1918, mass production of home refrigerators began. In the 1920s, refrigerators became popular in some countries. In the 1940s, ______ compartments were added. In the 1980s, water dispensers were added. In 1996, refrigerators became more ______-saving.
ice
snow
freezing
chilling
icehouses
1805
popular
invented
freezer
energy
4
Work in groups. Make a timeline together for an invention.
A Discuss and choose an invention.
· Search the internet, check out books from the library, or visit a museum related to your topic.
· Choose an invention and share the information you have gathered.
· Make a list of events about that invention.
B Create a framework
· Draw your timeline.
· Choose a start and end point.
· Put the most important dates on the timeline.
C Fill in your timeline
· Add details and important information about each event.
· Write clearly and concisely.
· Add pictures.
5
1878—Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison improved the telephone, so voices could be heard more clearly.
Phone Timeline
1800
1876—Alexander Graham Bell
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
People could talk to someone far away.
1900
1973—Martin Cooper (Motorola)
The first mobile phone call was made by Martin Cooper. People could talk on the move.
2000
2007—Steve Jobs (Apple)
The smartphone (iPhone) was introduced by Apple.
Phones could do much more than calling.
1992—Neil Papworth
The first text message (SMS) was. sent by Neil Papworth. Messages became fast and convenient.
2010s—Apps and mobile internet
Apps and mobile internet were widely used, and phone became a daily tool for studying, shopping, and paying.
Post-reading
Activity 3
Use the timeline to introduce the invention to your class.
6
Hello everyone. Today I'd like to introduce an invention that has changed our lives a lot — the phone.
First, in 1876, the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. For the first time, people could talk to someone far away without being face to face.
Then in 1878, Thomas Edison improved the telephone, so voices became clearer and the telephone was easier to use.
Next, the phone became mobile. In 1973, the first mobile phone call was made by Martin Cooper from Motorola. This was a big step forward because people could communicate while moving.
Later, in 1992, the first text message was sent by Neil Papworth. After that, people could send quick messages instead of making a call every time.
In 2007, the smartphone was introduced by Apple, and Steve Jobs played an important role in this change, Phones were not only for calling anymore. We could take photos,listen to music,and go online.
Since the 2010s, apps and mobile internet have been widely used, so phones have become a daily tool for studying, shopping, and even paying.
In my opinion, the phone is one of the greatest inventions. It helps us stay connected and makes our lives more convenient. Thank you for listening.
Language point 1
freeze /fri z/ v.（使）冻结；结冰
过去式为froze；过去分词为frozen
既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。
1. Ancient China, Greece, and Rome used ice or snow to preserve food by freezing or chilling it.古代中国、希腊和罗马用冰或雪通过冷冻或冷藏来保存食物。
ancient /'e n nt/ adj.古代的；古老的
preserve /pr 'z v/ v.保存
e.g. Water freezes at 0°C. 水在0摄氏度时结冰。（不及物动词）
The cold weather froze the ground.
寒冷的天气使地面都冻硬了。（及物动词）
拓展：(1) freeze作动词的其他含义及用法：停住不动；呆住
e.g. You can use fresh or frozen fish. 你可以使用新鲜或冷冻的鱼。
My hands are frozen. 我的手冻僵了。
(2) frozen /'fr zn/ adj. 冷冻的；冷藏的；冻僵，极冷
e.g. The court froze their assets. 法院冻结了他们的资产。
冻结（资金、银行账户等）
e.g. I froze and listened; someone was in my apartment.
我僵在原地仔细听；有人在我的公寓里。
I froze with horror as the door slowly opened.
门慢慢开启时我吓呆了。
chill /t l/ v.（使）冷却；（被）冷藏
Language point 2
2. William Cullen did an experiment on artificial refrigeration.
experiment / k'sper m nt/ n. 实验；试验
do an experiment 做实验
e.g. To test this, some researchers did an experiment.
为了验证这一点,一些研究人员做了一个实验。
artificial / ɑ t 'f l/ adj. 人工的，人造的
e.g. Artificial Intelligence (AI) 人工智能
refrigerator /r 'fr d re t (r)/ n.（=fridge）冰箱
Language point 3
3. Freezer compartments were added.
compartment /k m'pɑ tm nt/
n.（家具或设备等的）分隔间，隔层
e.g. The desk has a secret compartment.
这书桌有一个暗格。
Language point 4
4. Refrigerators became more energy-saving. 冰箱变得更加节能。
energy / en d i/ n. 能量；能源 作不可数名词
能源
e.g. Using local clean energy plays an important role in Xiong’an New Area' s progress.利用本地清洁能源在雄安新区的发展进程中发挥着重要作用。
能量
e.g. Try to be bathed in sunshine on sunny mornings——sunlight gives you energy for the day!试着在晴朗的早晨沐浴在阳光里———阳光会为你的一天提供能量！
[不 可数名 词 ] 活力；精力 强调活动、工作 等所需的力量、 能力或热情 Our new teacher is
full of energy.
我们新来的老师精力充沛。
[可数名词] 精力；力量 常用复数形式， 强调付出的脑力 或体力 She put all her energies into work.
她把全部精力都投入到了工作中。
energetic / en 'd et k/ adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的
e.g. I enjoy jogging in the morning because it helps me stay energetic throughout the day. 我喜欢在早上慢跑，因为这能让我一整天都保持精力充沛。
energy-saving 节能的
e.g. The houses will boast the latest energy-saving technology.
这些房屋将应用最新的节能技术。
5. Write clearly and concisely.
concisely /k n'sa sli/ adv. 简明地；简练地
clearly and concisely 言简意赅
e.g. The history is summed up concisely in this book.
这本书对历史进行了简洁的总结。
Language point 5
Exercise
用方框内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The weather was too cold yesterday and the river ________.
2. Many families use ___________ to keep food fresh.
3. —Do you like chocolate
—No, I don’t, but I sometimes have a little to get some ________.
4. A service charge of 10% will ________ on to your bill（账单）.
5. The software is popular among students because it __________ for schools.
froze
refrigerators
energy
be added
refrigerator design energy add freeze
is designed
Homework
Write a passage about an invention that has appeared in recent years and make an information card.

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