资源简介

(共88张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Language points
必 备 知 识 自 测
[核心单词·练通]
1.____________ /si d/ n.种子,籽
2.____________ / sɑ mp( )l/ n.样本
3.____________ /s spekt/ v.猜想,怀疑,觉得
4.____________ / ns st / n.(动物的)原种,祖先
seed
sample
suspect
ancestor
[拓展单词·用活]
1.____________ / d st nt/ adj.遥远的→ distance n.距离
2.____________ /I v lv/ v.进化→ evolution / i v lu ( )n/ n.进化(论)
3.____________ / d en re t/ v.产生,创造→ generation n.一代;产生;生殖
distant
evolve
generate
[阅读单词·识记]
1.disgrace /d s ɡre s/ n. _______________
2.geologist /d i l d st/ n. _______________
3.finch /f nt / n. _______________
4.beak /bi k/ n. _______________
丢脸,耻辱
地质学家
雀科鸣禽
鸟嘴,喙
[重点短语·再现]
1.________________追溯到
2.________________导致;通向
3.________________适应
4.________________以……作为开始
5.________________各种各样的,种类繁多的
date from/back to
lead to
adapt to
begin with
a variety of
6.answer the call _________________
7.of all time _________________
8.in question _________________
9.be crowded with _________________
e to exist/come into existence _________________
11.be a disgrace _________________
响应号召
有史以来,自古以来
讨论(议论)中的
堆满,挤满
产生
是耻辱,是丢脸的事
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式]　强调句型
[教材原句]　_______________________________________ had left medical school without completing his degree.
他是一位没有完成学位就离开医学院的年轻人。
It was a young man who
2.[句型公式]　动词-ing形式短语作后置定语
[教材原句]　What’s more,he had recently received a letter from his father ____________________________________________________ “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”.
而且,他最近收到了一封他父亲的来信,信中预言他将是“自己和全家人的耻辱”。
predicting that he would be
3.[句型公式]　no...until...句型
[教材原句]　_______________________________________1859 and immediately caused a storm.
这本书直到1859年才出版,并立即引起了轰动。
4.[句型公式]　so...that...句型
[教材原句]　But Darwin’s scientific studies were ________________ more and more people started to believe his theory.
但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服,以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
It was not published until
so convincing that
核 心 考 点 突 破
核心单词练透
高考热点微练
短语句式通关
核心单词练透
1.distant adj.遥远的,久远的;冷淡的,疏远的;远房的,远亲的
教材原文　The captain of the ship,the Beagle,wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”.
“贝格尔号”舰的舰长想招募一个能“通过利用访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家的机会而获益”的人。
感知　语言先输入
①Several months passed and the dog kept waiting there with perseverance as if his owner were bound to return from the very distant place.(情景描写)
②You can also visit the city museum,which is within walking distance of the hotel where you stay.(建议信)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be(+距离) distant from sth 离某物(……)远
(2)distance n. 距离
in the distance 在远处
at/from a distance (of)在……远的地方;有相当的距离;从远处;遥远地
keep one’s distance from...=keep...at a distance与……保持一定的距离
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Small and distant ____________the cities though my hometown is,there is always something different to catch your eye.
②____________ a distance of several hundred feet,the waterfall created a mist that rainbowed in the sunlight.
from
At/From
③It was difficult to get to know her because she always __________________________________.
要了解她很困难,因为她总是和每个人都保持距离。
④He watched the train away until it was only a dot ________________________________________.
他看着火车离开,直到它只是远处的一个点。
kept everyone at a distance
in the distance
2.suspect v.猜想,怀疑,觉得 n.嫌疑人 adj.可疑的;不可信的
教材原文　Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,which had arrived on the islands a long time before.
达尔文猜想雀科鸣禽是从一个共同的原种进化而来,这个原种在很久以前就来到了群岛上。
感知　语言先输入
①If you suspect that there is a gas leak,don’t strike a match or even turn on an electric light.(建议信)
②She suspected her friend of betraying her trust,and her heart sank with disappointment.(心理描写)
记牢　知识再梳理
suspect that...　　　　　 怀疑/猜想/觉得……
suspect sb to be... 怀疑某人是……
suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事
[名师点津]　suspect作名词时重音在前,作动词时重音在后,即“名前动后”。
运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①He is suspected ____________theft and is currently under investigation by the police.
②I suspect him of ____________(hide) something from me,and it makes me feel uneasy.
③她低头向这个搬运工道歉,说她不应该怀疑他是小偷。
→She bowed low and said sorry to the porter,saying that she ___________________________________________________________.
→She bowed low and said sorry to the porter,saying that she ___________________________________________________________.
of
hiding
shouldn’t suspect him to be a thief
shouldn’t suspect that he was a thief
片段巩固 用distant和suspect完成心理、动作描写的片段
我站在森林的边缘,望向远处的群山。它们被浓雾所笼罩,我不禁觉得,自然界还有更多的奥秘有待揭开。
I stood at the edge of the forest,looking far into the mountains 1.__________________(介词短语).They were covered by thick mist.I couldn’t help but 2._______________________________________________
__________________________________ (suspect+从句).
in the distant place
suspect that more mysteries of the natural world
were yet to be uncovered
1.date back to/date from追溯到
教材原文　The oldest discovered fossil of the modern platypus dates back to about 100,000 years ago.　已发现的最古老的现代鸭嘴兽的化石可以追溯到大约10万年前。
感知　语言先输入
①Another famous scenic spot is Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, which dates from over 2,000 years ago.(推荐信)
②Dating back to the 18th century,Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.(传统文化)
短语句式通关
记牢　知识再梳理
to date　　　　　迄今为止;到目前为止
up to date 最新的
out of date 过时的
have a date with 与……约会
set a date for 选定……的日期
(1)date from/back to常指以现在的时间点为起点,向前追溯到过去某个时间,因此在句中作谓语时要用一般现在时态,没有进行时和被动语态形式。
(2)常用的没有被动语态形式的动词词组还有:break out、run out、take place、belong to、go out、come out等。
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①____________ date,China’s space program has achieved remarkable milestones,showcasing its rapid technological advancements. (2024·北京卷)
②Make sure you have a date ____________yourself to relax after a long week at work.
③Some people think with the popularity of smartphones,paper books may have been out ____________date.
To
with
of
④Let’s ____________________ the next community activity so everyone can plan accordingly.
让我们为下一次的社团活动设定一个日期,这样每个人都可以相应地做出计划。
⑤我写信呼吁大家采取措施保护这座可以追溯到明朝的古庙。(倡议书)
→I am writing to call on everyone to take steps to preserve the old temple ___________________________________________. (定语从句)
→I am writing to call on everyone to take steps to preserve the old temple _____________________________________. (分词短语作定语)
set a date for
which dates back to/from the Ming Dynasty
dating back to/from the Ming Dynasty
2.in question正被讨论的,讨论(议论)中的;有疑问的,被怀疑的
教材原文　The young man in question,Charles Darwin,was a geologist and naturalist,fascinated by rocks,plants and animals.
这位被提及的年轻人就是查尔斯·达尔文,他是一位地质学家和博物学家,对岩石、植物和动物有着浓厚的兴趣。
感知　语言先输入
①My qualifications for this position are not in question;I have a proven track record of success in similar roles.(申请信)
②The book in question is a classic novel that has been widely discussed in literary circles.(书评)
记牢　知识再梳理
call/bring/throw sth into question 引起对某事物的怀疑
beyond question 不容怀疑
without question 毫无疑问;毫无异议地
out of question 没问题
out of the question不可能;不允许
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The future of public transport is not ____________question.
②Eating junk food every day is ____________of the question if I want to stay healthy.
③It is ____________of question that he will be admitted into a key university.
in
out
out
④His honesty has never been _________________________________.
他的诚实从未受到过怀疑。
⑤Du Fu is _______________________________________ one of China’s greatest poets of the Tang Dynasty.(人物介绍)
杜甫无疑是中国唐代最伟大的诗人之一。
called/brought/thrown into question
without question
3.be crowded with堆满,挤满
教材原文　After Darwin had spent some time in South America,his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
达尔文在南美洲待了一段时间之后,他舰上的房间里放满了他收集来的动植物样本。
感知　语言先输入
①The supermarket was crowded with people who wanted to buy goods at a discount.(场景描写)
②A sense of frustration crowded into me,which made me extremely frustrated and depressed.(情感描写)
记牢　知识再梳理
crowd n.[C]　　　 人群,观众;一伙人
v. 挤满,使……拥挤;涌上(心头)
(1)a crowd of/crowds of... 一大群……,很多
(2)crowd in (on sb) 涌上(心头),涌入(脑海)
crowd into one’s mind 涌上某人的心头
crowd into/onto... 大批涌入(狭小的空间)
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①Before the Spring Festival,all shops ________________(crowd) with shoppers.
②We had to wait in line for hours because there were ____________ (crowd) of tourists at the museum.
③Immediately I saw these old photos,vivid memories of my grandparents _______________________________________________.
一看到这些老照片,对祖父母的清晰记忆便涌入我的脑海。
are crowded
crowds
crowded into my mind
④他突然有了一个想法:建设另一条高速公路就能解决问题。
→A thought _______________________________________ that building another expressway could solve the problem.
→A thought _______________________________________ that building another expressway could solve the problem.
crowded into his mind
crowded in on him
4.adapt to适应
教材原文　Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments
也许动物是在适应不断变化的环境时进化了
感知　语言先输入
①Voluntary service gave her the courage to adapt to a new environment and embrace challenges.(主旨升华)
②It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.(感谢信)
记牢　知识再梳理
adapt (oneself) to　　 使(自己)适应……
adapt from 根据……改编
adapt...for... 把……改编(改装)为……
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Chinese video game Black Myth:Wukong was adapted ____________a historical novel.
②The author is going to adapt his novel ____________TV series.
③I want to remind you that you’d better learn some basic Chinese,which can be helpful for you to _________________________
____________________________________.(建议信)
我想提醒你,你最好学一些基础汉语,这有助于你适应汉语环境。
from
for
adapt to the Chinese
environment
5.强调句型
教材原文　When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835,Darwin saw a variety of new species,but it was the birds that interested him the most.
1835年,当“贝格尔号”到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时,达尔文看到了各种各样的新物种,但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。
感知　语言先输入
①It is through the unforgettable experience that we realize the importance of protecting animals and plants.(活动报道)
②It was only when we lose it that could we realize how important it was to us.(主旨升华)
记牢　知识再梳理
本句是一个强调句型,被强调部分是主语the birds。强调句型的用法:
(1)强调句型的陈述句形式为:It+is/was+被强调部分+that/who...
一般疑问句形式为:Is/Was+it...that/who...
特殊疑问句形式为:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that...
not...until的强调句型为:It is/was not until...that...
(2)该句型可以用来强调主语、宾语或状语,不能用来强调句子的谓语和定语。若被强调部分指的是人,that可以替换为who。
运用　单句语法填空/句式升级
①____________ was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
②____________ was it that encouraged you a lot and helped you solve such a difficult problem
③It is labor ____________matters a lot and small efforts made by everyone can make a great difference to our society.
④____________ it because the baby saw various kinds of toys that he burst into laughter
It
What
that
Was
⑤He didn’t realize how deep the generation gap was between him and his parents until he lived with them.
→_____________________________________he realized how deep the generation gap was between him and his parents.(强调句)
→____________________________________ how deep the generation gap was between him and his parents.(not until倒装句)
It was not until he lived with them that
Not until he lived with them did he realize
6.句型公式:so...that...引导结果状语从句
教材原文　But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.
但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服,以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
感知　语言先输入
①All the Chinese paintings on display are so vivid that I could hardly tell whether they are living or just painted.(活动报道)
②So terrible was the storm that some houses were destroyed.
记牢　知识再梳理
本句中so...that...引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”,其中so 是副词,修饰形容词convincing。
“so/such...that...”结构的用法:
(1)“so/such...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句;so后通常接形容词或副词,而such修饰名词。该结构的具体形式如下:
(2)little表示“少”时用so修饰,但表示“小”时用such修饰。
(3)在“so/such...that...”结构中,当“so+形容词/副词”和“such+名词”置于句首时,其所在的句子要用部分倒装结构。
运用　单句语法填空/一句多译/句式升级
①Keeping a learning diary every day is ____________important that I would like to introduce it to you.
②He has made ____________great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
③There were ____________many books in the shop that he didn’t know which to buy.
so
such
so
④These are ____________beautiful flowers swaying in the wind that everyone stops to admire them.
⑤They are ____________little books that they can easily be carried in a small bag.
such
such
⑥大连是一个如此吸引人的地方,以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅游。
→Dalian is __________________________ lots of tourists visit the city every year.(so...that...)
→Dalian is ______________________________ lots of tourists visit the city every year.(such..that...)
so attractive a place that
such an attractive place that
⑦I was so excited that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding the new bike.
→_______________________________________ I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding the new bike.(倒装句)
⑧I had never seen such a lovely creature in my life,so I followed it without hesitation.
→_________________________________________________________ in my life, so I followed it without hesitation.(倒装句)
So excited was I that
Such a lovely creature had I never seen
片段巩固 用date back to;in question;be crowded with;adapt to强调句型和“so...that...”完成心理、动作描写的片段
讨论中的,可以追溯到几个世纪前的这棵古树真是太神奇了,让我充满敬畏。它的树枝上长满了茂盛的叶子,这意味着它已经适应了多变的气候。我必须承认,正是它的生命力(vitality)和活力(vigor)让我理解了自然界万物的神圣性。
The ancient tree 1.____________________ (介词短语), 2.______________________________________ (非谓语动词短语),was 3.____________________________ (so...that...) it filled me with awe.Its branches 4.________________________ lush leaves,meaning it 5.________________________ the changeable climate.I had to admit that 6.____________________________________________ (强调句型) made me understand the sanctity of all things in nature.
in question
dating back to several centuries ago
so wonderful that
were crowded with
had adapted to
it was its vitality and vigor that
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①You have planted the seed of an idea in my mind.___________
②The company has evolved over the years into a multi-million dollar organization.___________
n.萌芽,开端
高考热点微练
v.逐步发展
2.选出decline的汉语意思
A.v.谢绝　B.v.减少　C.n.下降
①In parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent._____
②At night,I offered to tell them a folk tale,but they declined with thanks._____
③The number of tourists to the place of interest declined by 10% last year._____
C
A
B
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共8分)
1.The farmer sowed the ________________(种子) in the fertile soil,hoping for a bountiful harvest.
2.Before making a large purchase,she asked for a ________________ (样本) to ensure it met her quality standards.
3.The police ____________________(怀疑) him of being involved in a series of burglaries in the neighborhood.
seeds
sample
suspect/suspected
4.The brightly colored ________________(雀科小鸟) perched on the branch,singing a melodious tune that filled the garden with joy.
5.The ________________/d i l d st/ studied the rock formations to understand the geological history of the area.
6.The bird’s sharp ________________/bi k/ was perfectly suited for cracking open the hard shells of nuts and seeds.
7.His dishonesty brought d__________________ upon his entire family,who had always been known for their integrity.
8.Many of our customs and traditions can be traced back to our a________________ who lived centuries ago.
finch
geologist
beak
isgrace
ncestors
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共3分)
1.The ________________mountain peaks seemed to be mere specks in the horizon because of the considerable ________________that separated us from them.(distant)
2.Over millions of years,species have ____________through the process of natural selection,resulting in the diverse range of life forms we see today,which is known as ________________.(evolve)
3.Solar panels ______________clean,renewable energy that can power entire _____________without harming the environment. (generate)
distant
distance
evolved
evolution
generate
generations
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
date back to,adapt to,a variety of,answer the call,in question,in disgrace
1.The swimmer was sent home from the Olympics ____________.
2.The company quickly ______________________the new technology, ensuring they remained competitive in the market.
in disgrace
adapted to
3.The store offers ________________________fruits and vegetables, ensuring customers can find whatever they need.
4.The firefighters __________________________and rushed to the scene of the blaze without hesitation.
5.The ancient temple ________________________the 12th century and is a national treasure.
6.The authenticity of the painting is ________________,and experts are conducting further tests to check its origins.
a variety of
answered the call
dates back to
in question
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共8分)
1.______________________________________ will be the right person for the volunteer of the Chinese painting exhibition.(强调句型)
我会是这次中国画展志愿者的合适人选。
2.The girl __________________________________________ attracted everyone’s attention.(动词-ing形式短语作后置定语)
在教室角落里放声大笑的那个女孩引起了大家的注意。
It is I who
laughing loudly in the corner of the classroom
3.I _______________________________________ nobody was happier than I was ________________________.(not...until...句型)
直到那时我才突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。
4.I am _________________________________________________ in my spare time I often go to the library to read something about space exploration.(so...that...)
我对太空探索如此痴迷以至于业余时间我常常去图书馆阅读有关太空探索的内容。
did not suddenly realize
until then
so crazy about the space exploration that
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥).First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks,John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse—like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学,他建造了一个生态机器,利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A.He was fond of traveling. B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind. D.He longed to be a doctor.
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child...messes people were making.”以及第二段“After studying agriculture,medicine...can eat cancer-causing chemicals ”可知,约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强,故选C项。
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2.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A.To feed the animals. B.To build an ecosystem.
C.To protect the plants. D.To test the eco-machine.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks,John added the sludge.”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results...that was left was pure water.”可知,约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器,故选D项。
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3.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A.To review John’s research plans.
B.To show an application of John’s idea.
C.To compare John’s different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John’s invention.
解析　写作目的题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years,John has taken...a city in southeast China.”可知,作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用,故选B项。
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4.What is the basis for John’s work
A.Life on Earth is diverse.
B.Nature can repair itself.
C.Organisms need water to survive.
D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.
解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘Ecological design’ is the name...‘You put organisms...own ways to self-repair.’”可知,John的工作是“生态设计”,也就是通过把生物放在新的关系中,观察发生了什么,然后让这些新的系统发展出自我修复方式,由此可知,John工作的基础是自然可以自我修复,故选B项。
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Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
Before setting out on her journey,Shirley led an elegant and peaceful life in the quiet countryside.Little did she __1__ the adventure that would beat her thoughts and lead her far from the __2__ of home.
Regardless of her prior unwillingness,Shirley’s __3__ with Sally,who suggested this trip,threw her into a category of adventures she had never imagined.Yet,despite the __4__ that arose,from encounters with tigers to struggles with crocodiles (鳄鱼),Shirley remained somewhat __5__ in her devotion to the journey.
Her ideal,to prove her __6__ and find her place,became a(n) __7__ driving force as she faced the challenges of the journey.Along the way,she __8__ awesome wonders,from the fascination of the Kenyan safari (游猎) to the thunders of the misty Kilimanjaro.__9__ her expectations,Shirley found herself bound to the fate of home,owing much to the friendship she had and the __10__ she had discovered within herself.And when faced with the fear of mother nature,it was Shirley’s bravery that __11__ her only companion,Sally.
As her journey __12__ its end,Shirley realized how much she owed to the journey,not just the material treasures she had got,but the personal growth and self-discovery that came from __13__ beyond her comfort zone.And so,with confidence and a heart of __14__,Shirley started going back home,forever __15__ by this unforgettable adventure.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Shirley和Sally的冒险之旅把Shirley带离舒适区,使她获得了个人成长并实现了自我发现。
1.A.expect B.imply C.acknowledge D.decide
解析　根据下文“the adventure that would beat her thoughts”可知,Shirley没有料想到这次冒险会打破她的想法。expect期待;料想;imply暗示,表明;acknowledge承认;decide决定,故选A项。
2.A.security B.comfort C.relief D.fear
解析　根据下文“but the personal growth and self-discovery that came from ________beyond her comfort zone”可知,这次冒险之旅把Shirley带离舒适的家。security安全;comfort安慰,舒适;relief宽慰,解脱;fear害怕,故选B项。
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3.A.combination B.patience C.association D.familiarity
解析　根据下文“owing much to the friendship she had”可知,她和Sally的交往使她进入了一种她从未想象过的冒险。combination结合;patience耐心;association联合,交往;familiarity熟悉,故选C项。
4.A.sufferings B.protests C.conflicts D.dangers
解析　根据下文“from encounters with tigers to struggles with crocodiles (鳄鱼)”可知,遇到了老虎、与鳄鱼搏斗都是危险的经历。suffering痛苦,苦难;protest抗议;conflict矛盾,冲突;danger危险,故选D项。
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5.A.determined B.excited C.satisfied D.inspired
解析　根据上文“Yet,despite the ________that arose,from encounters with tigers to struggles with crocodiles (鳄鱼)”可知,尽管有危险,Shirley还是多少坚定了她对这次旅行的热爱。determined坚定的;excited兴奋的;satisfied感到满意的;inspired品质优秀的,受……影响的,故选A项。
6.A.advantage B.point C.cost D.worth
解析　根据“find her place”可知,Shirley的理想是证明自己的价值。advantage优点;point观点,要点;cost花费,代价;worth价值,意义,故选D项。
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7.A.exceptional B.initial C.fundamental D.common
解析　根据上文“Her ideal,to prove her ________and find her place”可知,想要证明自己的价值,找到自己的位置,成为她面对挑战的根本动力。exceptional杰出的,优秀的;initial最初的,开始的;fundamental根本的;common普遍的,故选C项。
8.A.brought about B.came across C.cut through D.set off
解析　根据“awesome wonders”可知,她遇到了令人敬畏的奇观。bring about造成,引起;come across偶然遇见;cut through穿过,穿透;set off出发,故选B项。
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9.A.Conquered by B.Contrary to
C.Content with D.Concerned about
解析　根据上文“Little did she ________the adventure that would beat her thoughts and lead her far from the ________of home.”可知,经过旅行,Shirley发现自己的行为与一开始被家的命运束缚住的那种想法相反。conquered by被征服;contrary to与……相反;content with对……感到满足;concerned about对……感到担忧,故选B项。
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10.A.creativity B.courage C.curiosity D.care
解析　根据下文“it was Shirley’s bravery”可知,Shirley能离开家,冒险旅行,充满了勇气。creativity创造力;courage勇气;curiosity好奇心;care照顾,故选B项。
11.A.controlled B.persuaded C.astonished D.disappointed
解析　根据“Shirley’s bravery”可知,Shirley的勇敢让Sally感到惊 讶。contro控制;persuad劝说;astonis使惊讶;disappoin使失望,故选C项。
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12.A.accessed B.acquired C.approached D.achieved
解析　根据下文“Shirley started going back home”可知,旅程接近尾声。access进入;acquire获得;approach接近;achieve实现,故选C项。
13.A.leaving B.digging C.coming D.stepping
解析　根据“beyond her comfort zone”可知,此处指迈步走出舒适区。 leave离开;dig挖;come来;step行走,迈步,故选D项。
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14.A.recognition B.gratitude C.respect D.dependence
解析　根据上文“Shirley realized how much she...but the personal growth and self-discovery”可知,旅行的收获让Shirley怀有感激之心。recognition认可,识别;gratitude感激;respect尊重;dependence依赖,依靠,故选B项。
15.A.changed B.excused C.relaxed D.freed
解析　根据上文“Little did she ________the adventure that would beat her thoughts”可知,Shirley被这次难忘的冒险永远改变了。change改变;excuse原谅;relax使放松;free释放,使摆脱,故选A项。
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Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
Dougong,translating as “cap (and) block”,is a system of wooden brackets (托架) that can support overhanging 1.____________ (roof) commonly found in Chinese architecture,2.____________ its essential principles are simple:the interlocking brackets transfer weight to vertical columns,3.____________ (reduce) the pressure on the horizontal beams (梁).Nails or fasteners are not required.This support system means that even buildings 4.____________ (compose) of latticework (格状木架) and mud can bear the weight of a heavy temple roof.It also means that wooden frames become much 5.____________ (flexible) while still maintaining their structural integrity—even in structures of substantial height.
6.____________ the false impression that buildings are “floating” in their frames,this flexibility offers protection against the forces of nature.The famous Wooden Pagoda in Shanxi Province is one of countless buildings that 7.____________ (believe) to have benefited from this architectural innovation.Built in 1056,it has survived countless earthquakes,even when newer nearby buildings have collapsed.
Engineering has come 8.____________ long way since dougong was last in fashion.Nevertheless,at present,modern-day designers are adopting the technique 9.________ (produce) impressive and solid works of architecture,of 10.____________ an outstanding example is the China Art Museum in Shanghai.The $220 million-museum’s top-heavy design uses dougong-style brackets to support its ever-widening upper reaches.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“斗拱”在建筑中的作用。
1.roofs　 [考查名词的数。roof为可数名词,本句泛指“多个屋顶”,用复数形式作宾语,故填roofs。]
2.and　 [考查并列连词。根据句意可知,前后句为并列关系,用并列连词连接,故填and。]
3.reducing　 [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语,空处为非谓语动词,表示自然而然的结果,用动词-ing形式作状语,故填reducing。]
4.composed　 [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语,be composed of意为“由……组成”,空处为过去分词作定语,故填composed。]
5.more flexible　 [考查形容词比较级。根据句意以及much可知,空处为比较级,故填more flexible。]
6.Despite　 [考查介词。根据句意,表示“尽管”,用介词despite,作状语。首字母大写,故填Despite。]
7.are believed　 [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知,此处陈述事实,为一般现在时,关系代词that指代buildings,与动词believe为被动关系,用一般现在时的被动语态,且buildings为复数,故填are believed。]
8.a　 [考查冠词。泛指“一段漫长的道路”,且long首字母的发音为辅音音素,用不定冠词,故填a。]
9.to produce　 [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语,根据句意可知,此处表示目的,使用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to produce。]
10.which　 [考查定语从句。此处是“of+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为impressive and solid works of architecture,空处作of的宾语,使用关系代词,故填which。]

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