资源简介

(共73张PPT)
主题语境:人与自然——保护自然环境和自然文化遗产
Unit 6　Nurturing nature
大观念之单元话题:本单元主题围绕“保护自然环境和自然文化遗产”展开,属于“人与自然”主题语境,通过介绍中外著名的自然文化遗产,引导学生感受自然的美丽与神奇,体会前人为我们留下的自然文化遗产的魅力,产生保护自然文化遗产的意愿,加深对“人与自然和谐共处”这一理念的认识。
①buffet / b fIt/ v.连续猛击;打来打去
②branch /brɑ nt / n.支流;支线;树枝;分支
③flow /fl / vi.流,流动
④valley / v li/ n.谷;山谷;溪谷
⑤vast /vɑ st/ adj.辽阔的;巨大的;庞大的
⑥glacier / ɡl si (r)/ n.冰川
⑦reindeer / reIndI (r)/ n.驯鹿
⑧territory / ter tri/ n.领土;版图;领域;地盘
⑨boundary / ba ndri/ n.边界;界限;分界线
⑩cottage / k tId / n.小屋;(尤指)村舍;小别墅
visible / vIz bl/ adj.看得见的;可见的
the Arctic Circle北极圈
sheets of 一大片;一大堆
leave behind 留下
apart from除……之外;此外
close by离……不远,在不远处,在近旁
feed on以……为食
类文悦读·情境导学
身处大自然,我们能够感受到它的神奇力量,欣赏美丽的景色;走进大自然,我们可以领略它的魅力,体悟到生命的美好。这篇文章将带您探索自然风光的神奇之处。
SAREK NATIONAL PARK—EUROPE’S HIDDEN NATURAL TREASURE
1.A Summer Where the Sun Never Sleeps
I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting① the cloth of my tent.Even though the sun is brightly shining,telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.I’m above the Arctic Circle ,where in summer the sun never sets.Checking my watch,I see that it is 7:30 a.m.I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge.Spreading out before me,branches② of the Rapa River flow③ through the valley④ below.I’m in the remote far north of Sweden in Sarek National Park,a place with no roads or towns.
2.A Land of Mountains and Ice
Sarek’s mountains used to be covered by vast⑤ sheets of ice.Around 9,000 years ago,this ice melted,leaving behind about 100 glaciers⑥.Soon after,reindeer⑦ began to arrive.Following the reindeer were the Sami people,who made this territory⑧ their home.Getting here is quite difficult,so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek.In 1909,Sarek was made a national park in order to keep the land in its natural state.Though the Sami are allowed to continue their traditional way of life in the park,no one else can live here,and all new development is banned within park boundaries⑨.At the far side of the valley,an ancient Sami cottage⑩ is visible .Close by , there are a few reindeer feeding on grass.
3.Man at Peace with Nature
For hundreds of years,looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami.They used the reindeer’s meat for food,their bones for tools,and their skin for making clothes and tents.Since reindeer were always on the move,the Sami would pick up their tents and accompany them.Today,most Sami have houses in villages near Sarek and live a modern life just like their neighbours.But every spring,a small number of Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek,living in tents or old cottages and enjoying their traditions.I am not a Sami,but in Sarek I’ve adopted some of their habits.For example,this morning my breakfast is flat bread warmed over a fire,dried reindeer meat,and some sweet and sour berries that I found growing near my tent.
文 本 整 体 理 解
Step One:Pre-reading
Look at the following pictures and answer the questions.
If you have a chance to go to Xizang,how would you like to go there Why
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If I have a chance to go to Xizang,I would like to go there by train because it offers a unique and scenic journey through breathtaking landscapes,allowing me to gradually adapt to the high altitude and fully immerse myself in the region’s natural beauty and cultural heritage.
Step Two:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The passage is mainly about the construction of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway,emphasizing its challenges,ecological protection efforts.
2.Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　 A.To avoid construction waste.
Para.2 B.It is possible to enjoy the landscape.
Para.3 C.To begin the travel.
Para.4 D.To make sure the workers stayed healthy.
Para.5 E.To allow animals to move safely and freely.
Para.6 F.To protect wetlands and grasslands.
Para.7 G.Qinghai-Xizang Railway is a record of efforts to overcome challenges.
答案 Para.1 C Para.2 G Para.3 E Para.4 F Para.5 D Para.6 A Para.7 B
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
played
construction
delicate
passage
wetlands
healthy
breaks
lake
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What was the author concerned about most
A.The cost of the railway.
B.The possibility of success.
C.The efforts to get rid of difficulties.
D.The way to protect the ecosystem.
√
2.According to the third paragraph,what are the passages used for
A.To make the bridge strong.
B.To let the wildlife eat grass.
C.To protect the safety of wildlife.
D.To make sure the train passes quickly.
√
3.What can we know from the fifth paragraph
A.It takes much time to travel to the highest station.
B.The conditions at the station are very tough.
C.Workers often have a rest in higher areas.
D.Measures are taken to ensure workers’ health.
√
4.How does the author feel about the Qinghai-Xizang Railway
A.Proud. B.Curious.
C.Regretful. D.Annoyed.
√
5.Why is the Qinghai-Xizang Railway called the Sky Railway
A.Because of its location.
B.Because of so many challenges.
C.Because of the magical landscape.
D.Because of people’s admiration.
√
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.Sitting back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”.
学会断句:该句为复合句。Sitting back in my seat是动词-ing形式短语作____________;第一个that引导的是____________;第二个that引导____________,修饰先行词________________。
尝试翻译：__________________________________________ ____
_________________________________________________________
伴随状语
宾语从句
定语从句
the railway
靠坐在火车的座位上,我简直无法相信自己将要沿着这条被许多外国专家称为“不可能(建成)的”铁路旅行。
2.I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway,and did so with the care that the environment deserves.
学会断句:此句是复合句,I am proud是主句;第一个that引导____________;第二个that引导____________,修饰care,that在从句中作宾语。
尝试翻译：__________________________________________ ____
_________________________________________________________
宾语从句
定语从句
我为我们建造了“不可能(建成)的”铁路而自豪,过程中我们也对环境给予了充分的保护。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
1.________________ (sit) back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”.The train 2.________________ (race) along steadily since it left Xining.I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work 3.____________ this railway.When we built the great railway,how 4.________________ (protect) the ecosystem was among the top concerns.The first landmark 5.____________ (catch)
Sitting
has been racing
on
to protect
to catch
my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge,6.___________ is the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.Thirty-three passages were built to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their 7.____________ (nature) habitat.There are other bridges built to prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands.To make sure that railway workers stayed healthy,several oxygen-making stations 8._______________ (construct). The railway workers also could enjoy regular breaks in lower areas. 9.____________ (use) thousands and thousands of sandbags,we built a long wall along Cuona Lake to protect it from construction waste.I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway,and did so with 10.____________ care that the environment deserves.
which
natural
were constructed
Using
the
语 篇 助 解 释 疑
[原文呈现]　　　　　 The Sky Railway
1　[1] Sitting back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed① was “impossible”.The train has been racing② along steadily③ since it left Xining.All this time,the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head.The words “railways like massive④ dragons are winding⑤ among the mountains” seem particularly vivid⑥ as I travel across the “roof of the world”⑦.
[1]动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语。
2　I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work on this railway.[2]Taking years to complete, the Qinghai-Xizang Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome⑧ the most difficult engineering challenges⑨.How to protect the delicate⑩ ecosystem was among the top concerns .
[2]动词-ing形式短语作原因状语。
3　The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge,the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost .Look!A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge,with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure .Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat .Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes [3]have now been using these passages for years.They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour.
[3]使用了现在完成进行时,表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,可能仍然要继续下去。
4　To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands,675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa.We even moved 140,000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.
5　The journey has been flying by,and [4]before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station.[5]Located at over 5,000 metres above sea level, this is the highest railway station in the world.In locations such as this,the thin air,changeable weather and high levels of UV
radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers.To make sure we stayed healthy,several oxygen-making stations were constructed .We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas.
[4]before I know it中before引导时间状语从句,表示“不知不觉地”。
[5]located...过去分词短语在此处表示状态。
6　As we pass Cuona Lake,I feel a sense of pride and achievement . Using thousands and thousands of sandbags,we built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste.Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface.[6]Water birds playing in the lake,and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life .
[6]动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语。
7　The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration for centuries.Now,thanks to our efforts,passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes.I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway,and did so with the care that the environment deserves.It truly is an extraordinary “Sky Railway”.
[名师圈点]
①claim /kle m/ v.宣称;要求,索取 n.声称
②race /re s/ v.使快速移动;比赛,参加竞赛n.属,种;赛事
③steadily / sted li/ adv.平稳地;稳定地;有规则地
④massive / m s v/ adj.巨大的,大量的
⑤wind /wa nd/ v.蜿蜒;缠绕;上发条;使弯曲;缠绕;上发条;吹响号角/w nd/n.风;气流
⑥vivid / v v d/ adj.生动的;鲜明的;鲜艳的
⑦the “roof of the world”世界屋脊,指代
the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau青藏高原
⑧overcome / v k m/ v.克服;胜过
⑨challenge / t l nd / n.挑战;质疑vt.向……挑战;考验……能力
⑩delicate / del k t/ adj.脆弱的;易碎的
ecosystem / i k s st m/ n.生态系统
concern /k n s n/ n.担心,忧虑vt.影响,牵扯(某人);关系到,涉及;使担心
catch one’s eye引起某人的注意,吸引某人视线
permafrost / p m fr st/ n.永久冻土层;永久冻结带;永久冰冻
antelope / nt l p/ n.羚羊
at one’s leisure空闲时
natural habitat自然栖息地,自然生境
unaware / n we (r)/ adj.不知道的;未察觉到的
distinct /d st kt/ adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的
location /l ke n/ n.位置;地点
changeable/ t e nd bl/ adj.无常的;可改变的
radiation / re di e ( )n/ n.辐射;放射物
present /prI zent/ v.引起,造成;颁发;赠送/ preznt/ adj.现在的;出席的/ preznt/ n.礼物;现在,目前
oxygen-making station制氧站
construct /k n str kt/ v.建造,修建
a sense of pride and achievement一种自豪感和成就感
protect...from...保护……不受……之害
reach out伸出手去
bring...to life使……苏醒;使……恢复生机
attract people’s admiration引人羡慕;令无数人向往
thanks to由于,幸亏
magical / m d kl/ adj.魔术的;有魔力的
extraordinary / k str dnri/ adj.非凡的;特别的
[参考译文]　　　　　 天路
靠坐在火车的座位上,我简直无法相信自己将要沿着这条被许多外国专家称为“不可能(建成)的”铁路旅行。火车从西宁出发,全程都在平稳快速地行驶。一路上,《天路》这首歌一直在我脑海里萦绕。当火车穿越 “世界屋脊” 时,“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的歌词显得更加生动鲜活起来。
修建青藏铁路的工人来自全国各地,而我就是其中之一。青藏铁路历时多年建成,凝聚着我们为克服最为艰巨的工程难题所付出的全部心血。如何保护(这里)脆弱的生态系统是最重要的事情之一。
最先映入眼帘的地标性建筑是壮丽的清水河大桥,它是世界上最长的高原冻土铁路桥。快看!一群藏羚羊正在桥下走过,有的则停下来悠闲地吃草。铁路下面建造了33条通道,让这些动物在它们的自然栖息地上可以安全、自由地通行。像藏羚羊这样的野生动物使用这些通道已经有很多年了。它们似乎完全没有意识到,我们正以每小时100多千米的速度飞驰而过。
为了防止对湿地和草原造成破坏,人们在格尔木和拉萨之间修建了675座大桥,总长约160千米。为了保护此处独特的生态系统,我们还将14万平方米的湿地迁往新的区域。
(乘车的)时间过得飞快,不知不觉中,我们已经到达唐古拉站。这是世界上最高的火车站,位于海拔超过5 000米的地方。在这样的地方,稀薄的空气、多变的天气和高强度的紫外线辐射可能是铁路工人面临的最大挑战。为了确保我们的健康,我们建造了多个制氧站。我们也可以定期去海拔低一点的地区休息。
火车经过错那湖时,一种自豪感和成就感在我心中油然而生。当年,沿着错那湖边,我们用成千上万个沙袋筑起了一道长20千米的防护墙,以保护湖泊免受建筑垃圾的污染。错那湖距离铁路这么近,我都想伸手触摸它那如明镜般的淡蓝色湖面。湖面上水鸟嬉戏,草原上的牛羊游荡,这让此处的风景充满生机。
几个世纪以来,青藏高原一直广受人们的赞叹。现在,多亏了我们的付出,全国各地的乘客都能欣赏到这些神奇的景致。我为我们建造了世界上 “不可能(建成)的”铁路而自豪,过程中我们也对环境给予充分的保护。这的确是一条非同寻常的“天路”。
课 时 测 评 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Four Fascinating National Parks in the World
Fiordland National Park
Fiordland National Park on New Zealand’s Southern Island was established in 1952 and is part of the larger Te Wahipounamu wilderness,a UNESCO World Heritage Area.Covering 1.2 million hectares,Fiordland National Park is home to green rain forests,crystal
clear lakes and snow-capped mountains.Even on the frequent rainy days,the scenery is spectacular,with entire valley walls turning into thundering waterfalls.Highlight is the amazing Milford Sound with Mitre Peak,rising 1,692 metres above sea level and one of the most photographed peaks in the country.
Yosemite National Park
First protected in 1864 and one of the first parks in the National Park Service,California’s Yosemite is a UESCO World Heritage Site.The park’s central feature is Yosemite Valley,which is surrounded by hills,trees and spectacular waterfalls.But the Park is so much more than just a great valley with waterfalls:within Yosemite’s vast wilderness area,you find deep valleys,grand grassland and more than 800 miles of spectacular hikes.
Serengeti National Park
Tanzania’s oldest and most popular National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was recently proclaimed a 7th worldwide wonder.The Serengeti is famous for its annual Great Migration,a 1,200-mile odyssey of 1.5 million wildebeest and 200,000 zebras,all of them chasing the rains in a race for life.
Namib-Naukluft National Park
One of the most thinly populated countries in the world,and it is a top destination for those who enjoy natural scenery and wildlife viewing.Nowhere is this more evident than in the Namib-Naukluft National Park,the largest game park in Africa,including part of the Namib Desert and the Naukluft mountain range.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上四个迷人的国家公园的相关情况。
1.What is Fiordland National Park well-known for
A.Great Migration.
B.Spectacular hikes.
C.Milford Sound with Mitre Peak.
D.The longest history.
解析　细节理解题。根据Fiordland National Park部分“Highlight is the amazing...peaks in the country.”可知,Fiordland National Park以Milford Sound with Mitre Peak闻名,故选C项。
√
2.What do the first three parks have in common
A.They were established in the 1950s.
B.They are famous for waterfalls.
C.They belong to the same country.
D.They are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据Fiordland National Park部分“Fiordland National Park on New Zealand’s Southern Island was established in 1952 and is part of the larger Te Wahipounamu wilderness,a UNESCO World Heritage Area.”,Yosemite National Park部分“First protected in 1864 and one of the first parks in the National Park Service,California’s Yosemite is a UESCO World Heritage Site.”和Serengeti National Park部分“Tanzania’s oldest and most popular National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was recently proclaimed a 7th worldwide wonder.”可知,前三个公园的共同之处是它们都是联合国教科文组织世界遗产,故选D项。
3.Where is the largest game park in Africa located
A.Namibia. B.Yosemite.
C.Tanzania. D.Fiordland.
解析　细节理解题。根据Namib-Naukluft National Park部分“Nowhere is this more evident than in the Namib-Naukluft National Park,the largest game park in Africa,including part of the Namib Desert and the Naukluft mountain range.”可知,非洲最大的野生动物公园在Namibia,故选A项。
√
B
Sharks and their relatives are some of the most threatened vertebrates (脊椎动物) on Earth.Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes for countless fish species that are vital for fisheries and are therefore an especially important ecosystem for humans—and one where the decline of shark populations seems to be especially acute (剧烈的).
The study by Simpfendorfer with his team is the result of a worldwide cooperation called the Global FinPrint project.The data analyzed include more than 20,000 hours of standardized underwater video taken at nearly 400 reefs in 67 countries around the world.It reveals declines of 60% to 73% of once-abundant (充足的) coral reef shark species at reefs around the world.
However,the findings of Simpfendorfer with his team include signs of hope and a clear path forward.Their results show that although shark populations in many reefs had declined,some healthy reef shark populations remained.The reefs with healthier shark populations had some important similarities:they tended to be in the waters of high-income countries with stronger natural resource management regulations (规定).A country that lacks the resources to feed its people is less able to sustainably manage and protect its biodiversity.
The most unexpected result of the study is that a decline or complete loss of shark species in one reef was not always associated with similar changes in nearby reefs.They found that one reef can be over fished so badly that a once-common reef shark species is totally gone,but another reef a short distance away can have healthy populations of that same species.It is likely that healthy populations can eventually help repopulate nearby areas.
The problem is clear—animals that provide ecosystem services that are vital for human food security and livelihoods are disappearing at an alarming rate.The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans.But apparently,the findings have shown a way.If the threat that led to population decline are resolved,then these important and threatened animals may recover.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现,因为人类活动对珊瑚礁的破坏,礁鲨数量的下降似乎尤为严重,但Simpfendorfer和他的团队也发现了衰退的礁鲨的恢复潜力。
4.Why is Simpfendorfer with his team mentioned in Paragraph 2
A.To stress the result of global cooperation.
B.To state the urgency of protecting the ocean.
C.To show the severe condition of certain sharks.
D.To present the figures of their contributions to sharks.
解析　写作目的题。根据第二段“It reveals declines of 60% to 73% of once-abundant (充足的) coral reef shark species at reefs around the world.”可知,第二段提到Simpfendorfer和他的团队是为了引出关于珊瑚礁的研究报告,显示某些鲨鱼的严重状况,故选C项。
√
5.Why could healthy reef shark populations remain in some areas
A.Citizens there had a stronger environmental awareness.
B.Science and economics were improving fast in such areas.
C.The waters in these areas were suitable for sharks to live in.
D.These areas took stricter measures to protect natural resources.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Their results show that...resource management regulations (规定).”可知,由于一些地区采取了更严格的措施来保护自然资源,健康的礁鲨种群仍然存在,故选D项。
√
6.What can be inferred from the text
A.Changes in reefs lead to loss of shark species.
B.Humans and animals co-exist in ecosystem.
C.It’s not clear whether humans cause damage to biodiversity.
D.The declined shark species have nothing to do with overfishing.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans.”可知,鲨鱼及其提供的生态系统服务的丧失是一场生态灾难,会对人类造成重大伤害,可得出人类和动物在生态系统中共存,故选B项。
√
7.What’s the text mainly about
A.Acute decline of reef sharks.
B.Potential recovery of reef sharks.
C.Global cooperation of saving sharks.
D.Amazing discovery of coral reefs.
解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes...seems to be especially acute (剧烈的).”并结合文章讲述的研究发现可知,因为人类活动对珊瑚礁的破坏,礁鲨数量的下降似乎尤为严重,但Simpfendorfer和他的团队也发现了衰退的礁鲨的恢复潜力,B项“礁鲨的潜在恢复”能概括文章大意,故选B项。
√
C
Students at the Calhoun School in New York City have much more than a roof over their heads.They have a rooftop garden,with green grass and colorful flowers.Roofs covered in plants,or “green roofs”,are quite popular.And roofs aren’t the only things going green.Architects are finding all sorts of new ways to build buildings that are easier on the environment.These schools,homes,and offices are called “green buildings”.
It takes a lot of energy to light rooms and run appliances.So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy.An energy-smart building starts with thick walls.A layer of insulation (绝缘材料) traps air to stop heat from passing through.That keeps heat inside in the winter,and keeps heat outside in the summer.This saves energy for heating and cooling.
Oberlin’ s Center for Environmental Studies in Ohio was built with large south-facing windows.In the winter,the sun shines in and heats the space.The floors are made of dark rock called slate.The sun warms the slate slowly during the day.At night,the slate gives out the stored heat back into the air.In the summer,shades (遮阳帘) over the windows keep the building cool.
Green roofs are not just a fun place to hang out.They also save energy,water,and materials.A green roof doesn’t get as hot as an ordinary dark-colored roof,so it keeps the building cooler.In the winter,the plants and soil act like a blanket to keep the building warm.When it rains,the soil and plants absorb rainwater,which means less water runs off into drains (下水道).Plants on the roof help clean the air and provide food for insects and birds,too.
City planners like green buildings because they are healthier for the people who live inside.As more people become concerned about climate change,more buildings are going green.But you don’ t need to build a whole new building.Simple changes can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了绿色建筑及其对环境的益处。
8.How do green buildings contribute to saving energy in heating
A.Through the use of thick walls.
B.By using large windows for natural light.
C.By relying on specialized heating materials.
D.Through the fixing of advanced appliances.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“An energy-smart building starts with...energy for heating and cooling.”可知,绿色建筑是通过使用厚墙来在供暖方面节能的,故选A项。
√
9.What is the function of the slate
A.To reflect direct sunlight.
B.To absorb and give out heat.
C.To make use of limited space.
D.To provide shade for the windows.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“The floors are made of dark...stored heat back into the air.”可知,石板的功能是吸收和释放热量,故选B项。
√
10.What can we learn about the green roof
A.It employs traditional methods.
B.It helps reduce rainfall runoff.
C.It is painted in bright colors.
D.It aims to clean water.
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When it rains,the soil and...water runs off into drains (下水道).”可知,绿色屋顶有助于减少雨水径流,故选B项。
√
11.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To provide guidance on constructing new buildings.
B.To acknowledge the achievement of city planners.
C.To illustrate the impact of climate change.
D.To encourage people to build green.
解析　写作目的题。根据最后一段“But you don’ t need to build...a better Earth home for us all.”可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们建造绿色建筑,故选D项。
√
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
Many scientists and marine biologists are quite worried about the state of coral reefs around the globe.They have been experiencing “bleaching” (白化) which is a process that involves the slow starvation and eventual death of coral reefs.__1__ This has huge effects on the organisms that rely on the coral reefs in the ocean and us humans.
__2__ In the Turks and Caicos Islands,it has been reported that the coral reefs have been relatively untouched by the bleaching events.Even more surprising is the news that even the ones affected have recovered very well.
The problem is caused by many reasons.Pollution,introduced species,over-fishing,and over-tourism have all contributed to the issue.__3__ Since the 1970s,about 80% of the coral reefs in the Caribbean have died out.
An organization has taken steps to help out.They asked divers to observe over 100 reef sites off the South Caicos Island and set up a database.After scanning the data,they found surprising results.__4__ But other corals did suffer bleaching.But they quickly rebounded to normal within months of the irregularly high thermal stress (热应力).
Two years later,when the same corals were observed,they were even more colored.__5__ There were theories that Hurricanes Irma and Maria helped,as they resulted in much less tourism and thus decreased damage to the surrounding ecosystems.
Experts are continuing to observe the phenomenon to see if there is anything going on that can help save other reefs.
A.It meant their health improved.
B.So they are dying out at alarming rates.
C.Many coral reefs can survive bleaching.
D.Some corals proved no significant bleaching.
E.The worst of bleaching events took place in 2017.
F.But the coral reefs are doing surprisingly well in one region.
G.The warming temperatures of the oceans have also caused great harm.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球珊瑚礁白化现象的严峻问题及其成因。
1.B　 [根据上文“They have been experiencing ‘bleaching’ (白化)...and eventual death of coral reefs.”可知,珊瑚正在死亡,B项“因此,它们正在以惊人的速度消亡。”承接上文,符合文意,故选B项。]
2.F　 [根据下文“In the Turks and Caicos Islands...untouched by the bleaching events.”可知,在特克斯和凯科斯群岛的珊瑚礁与其他地方的不同,空处与上文为转折关系,F项“但是,在一个地区,珊瑚礁的表现令人惊讶。”承接下文,符合文意,故选F项。]
3.G　 [根据上文“The problem is caused by many...have all contributed to the issue.”可知,本段主要讲述的是珊瑚礁死亡的因素,G项“海洋温度上升也造成了巨大的伤害。”承接上文,符合文意。故选G项。]
4.D　 [根据下文“But other corals did suffer bleaching.”可知,其他珊瑚确实遭受了白化,D项“一些珊瑚被证明没有明显的白化。”与下文形成转折关系,符合文意,故选D项。]
5.A　 [根据上文“Two years later,when the same corals were observed,they were even more colored.”可知,珊瑚礁的健康状况有所好转,A项“这意味着它们的健康状况有所改善。”承接上文,符合文意,故选A项。]

展开更多......

收起↑