资源简介

(共58张PPT)
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
单元词汇复现
approach；charge；fascinating；generous；greet；striking
When studying in the United Kingdom，I was no longer puzzled about when England got Wales，Scotland and Ireland joined to it or when the southern part of Ireland broke away from it. In England，there are many 1.______________ places，so I had to keep my eyes open. In Ireland，I found myself fascinated by the landscape. It was such a feast for my eyes that I felt as if I were 2.______________ a gallery in which I was surrounded with beautiful pictures. Every day I was 3.______________ with the rolling mountains dotted with sheep and cattle，the roar of the ocean and the scent of flowers. I often had a sip of wine or beer in nearby pubs which 4.______________ only a small amount of money for their service. Once，I talked about their
customs with Irish people，and they were proud of it.They were 5.______________ and shared with me a snack cooked with butter and honey and a mouth-watering stew. The journey was so 6.______________ that I’m eager to go there again.
fascinating
approaching
greeted
charged
generous
striking
1. puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 (puzzled adj.迷惑不解的 puzzling adj.令人迷惑的)
核心词汇多维讲练
(1)puzzle over
冥思苦想；苦苦思索
puzzle sth out
琢磨出……的答案
(2)a puzzle to sb
一件让某人感到困惑的事情
jigsaw puzzle 拼图游戏
(3)be puzzled about
对……迷惑不解
他站在窗边，脸上有种迷惑的表情。
He stood beside the window，with a puzzled look on his face.(读后续写之神态描写)
[单句语法填空]
(1)The mathematics problems were ______________ puzzle to her. However，with great effort，she managed to puzzle ______________ the correct answers. The satisfaction made her forget all the hours she _________________ (puzzle) about them.
(2)“She claimed she had never been to that place before，” said John，__________ (puzzle).
(3)She has lost heart since she failed the exam，because her future was _____________ (puzzle).
[微写作·背诵]
(4)Lily盯着桌上的拼图，不明白为什么最后一块总是拼不上。她又检查了一下——哦!原来是她把盒子拿倒了，弄混了图案。
Lily _____________________________ on the table，______________ why the last piece never fit. She checked again—oh! She’d flipped the box upside down，mixing up the pattern.
a
out
had been puzzled
puzzled
puzzling
stared at the jigsaw puzzle
puzzled
2. charge n.收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电vi.向……(方向)冲去
(1)charge sb with (doing) sth =accuse sb of (doing) sth
指控某人犯……罪
charge sb money for sth
因某事/物收某人钱
charge at
向……发起冲锋；扑向
(2)free of charge免费
in charge of掌管(表状态)
take charge of掌管(表动作)
in the charge of
被……掌管；由……负责
恶狼张开血淋淋的嘴巴，跳起来扑向我，好像要把我一口吃掉似的。
The fierce wolf，opening its bloody mouth，sprang to its feet and charged at me as if to eat me up in one gulp.(读后续写之情境描写)
[单句语法填空]
(1)It’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any ____________ (charge) when I’ve moved out. (2023·全国甲，阅读理解)
(2)All the company’s financial records are ______________ the charge of the accounting team.
(3)Whoever is charged ______________ a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.
(4)Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens can access the Science Museum free ______________ charge.
[微写作·背诵]
(5)慷慨的店主没收我面条钱，一股温暖和感激之情涌上我的心头。
The generous owner ________________________ for the noodles，I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up in my heart.(读后续写之情感描写)
charges
in
with
of
charging me nothing
3. announce vt.宣布；通知；声称 (announcement n.宣布；通知 announcer n.广播员；解说员)
(1)announce sth to sb
向某人宣布某事
It is/was announced that…
据宣布……
as is announced…
正如宣布的那样……
(2)make an announcement (to sb)(向某人)发通知
女士们、先生们，我有一项重要通知要宣布。
Ladies and gentlemen，I have an important announcement to make.(应用文之通知)
[单句语法填空]
(1)Our school’s English broadcast station is looking for an ______________ (announce) who is capable of speaking fluent and authentic English.
(2)As ______________ (announce) on the school website，the sports meeting will be held next Friday.
(3)______________ is announced that a new railway station will be built here to promote its tourism.
(4)He announced his decision to retire ____________ all his colleagues during the team meeting.
[微写作·背诵]
(5)我刚到学校，准备好迎接新的一天。我正在教室里看书，突然听到了一个通知。
I’d just arrived at school，ready for another school day. I was reading a book in the classroom __________________________________. (2024·北京，完形填空)
announcer
is announced
It
to
when there was an announcement
4. amount n.金额；数量 vi.总计；共计；相当于；等于
(1)the amount of…
……的数量
(2)amount to
共计；总计；等于；相当于
“许多/大量……”集合：
(1)a number of只接可数名词复数
(2)a great deal/amount of只接不可数名词
(3)a lot/lots of、 plenty of既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词
为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。
In order to keep healthy，a proper amount of regular exercise is quite necessary.(应用文之建议信)
[单句语法填空]
(1)(北师大选必二)As present-day advertisers often have large budgets，huge amounts of money ______________ (spend) on applying modern design techniques to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible.
(2)Mom patted me on the shoulder，saying seriously，“Lazy people will amount ____________ nothing in life.”
(3)A large amount of money raised by the charity ______________ (donate) to the local school last week.(应用文之活动介绍)
[微写作·背诵]
(4)暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。
The money I earned during the summer holiday _________________________，which could help support my family. (2021·浙江6月，读后续写)
are spent
to
was donated
amounted to 300 dollars
5. approach n.方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
(1)an approach to (doing) sth (做某事的)方法/途径
at the approach of…
在快到……的时候
(2)with…approaching
在……快到的时候
approach sb about sth
与某人接洽某事
approach作名词时，后面常跟介词to，表示“……的方法”，而way、 method、 means表示“方法”时后常跟介词of。
There was the little bird，flapping her wings and approaching me.
那只小鸟正拍打着翅膀向我靠近。
[单句语法填空]
(1)With the Spring Festival ______________ (approach)，we could hardly contain our inner excitement.
(2)InSPIRE is investigating practical ______________ (approach) to “low-impact” solar development，which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. (2023·浙江1月，阅读理解)
(3)Listening to some Chinese songs is also a good approach to ______________ (learn) Chinese well.(应用文之建议信)
(4)According to this theory，people approach digital texts ______________ a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
[微写作·背诵]
(5)中秋节快到了，我想邀请你和我们一起过中秋节。(应用文之邀请信)
→_________________________________________，I’d like to invite you to join us in celebrating it.(with复合结构)
→__________________________________________，I’d like to invite you to join us in celebrating it.(介词短语)
approaching
approaches
learning
with
With the Mid-Autumn Festival approaching
At the approach of the Mid-Autumn Festival
6. eager adj.热切的；渴望的 (eagerly adv.热心地；急切地eagerness n.热切；渴望)
(1)be eager to do sth
渴望做某事
be eager for sth 渴望得到某物
(2)with eagerness=eagerly
热切地；急切地
hide one’s eagerness
掩饰某人的渴望
in one’s eagerness to do sth
某人迫切要做某事
每个人都渴望成功，但成功只属于那些意志坚定、坚持不懈的人。
Everyone is eager for success/to succeed/be successful，but success only belongs to those who are determined and persevering.(读后续写之主旨升华)
[单句语法填空]
(1)Learning that you’re leaving for the United States soon，I’m ______________ (eager) writing to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help. (应用文写作之感谢信)
(2)After preparing for months，the students are eager ______________ the final exam results.
(3)When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday，the boy couldn’t hide his ______________ (eager).(读后续写之心理描写)
(4)(北师大选必一)The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager ______________ (learn).
[微写作·背诵]
(5)一半兴奋，一半怀疑，Eva走到他跟前，急切地想知道他夸奖她的原因。
Half excited，half doubtful，Eva came up to him and _____________________________ why he praised her.(2024·浙江1月，读后续写之动作、神情描写)
eagerly
for
eagerness
to learn
was eager to know the reason
7. belong to属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分 {belong vi.应在(某处)；适应；合得来 belonging n.[U]归属；[pl.]动产；财物}
(1)belong to没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时要使用doing形式，用法相同的短语还有date back to、 consist of、 take place等。
(2)a sense of belonging归属感
我是绘画俱乐部成员，这使我能帮助游客加深对中国文化的了解。
I belong to a painting club，which enables me to deepen visitors’ understanding of Chinese culture.(应用文之申请信)
[单句语法填空]
(1)Having sold most of his ______________ (belong)，the poet almost had nothing left in the house.
(2)We were reminded to take whatever ______________ (belong) to us before getting off the train.
(3)Putting the book ______________ it belonged，the boy tipped out of the room as lightly as possible.(读后续写之动作描写)
[微写作·背诵]
(4)剪纸有1，500多年的历史，属于传统的中国艺术。
Paper cutting has a history of over 1，500 years，_____________________________________. (定语从句) (应用文之传统文化)　
belongings
belonging
where
which belongs to traditional Chinese art
8. as well as同(一样也)；和；还
(1)as well as 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与as well as前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。
(2)as well 表示“也；又；还”，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。
(3)as well as用作介词时，相当于besides、 in addition to，意为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。
天气太糟了，外面狂风不停，暴雨如注，我们还是待在家里为好。
The weather is so bad，with strong winds blowing and heavy rain pouring，that we might as well stay at home.(读后续写之环境描写)
[单句语法填空]
(1)Your wife as well as you _______ (be) friendly and generous，for which I am very grateful.
(2)As well as ______________ (eat) a five-course meal，they drank seven bottles of wine.
(3)Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species ______________ (come) to Britain for the first time. (2024·新课标Ⅰ，语法填空改编)
[微写作·背诵]
(4)她泪如泉涌，心也要碎了。
Tears welled up in her eyes，and her heart seemed to be torn ______________.(读后续写之情感描写)
(5)你巨大的努力和专业的指导帮助我取得了很大的进步。
____________________________________________________________ helped me make great progress.(强调句)(应用文之感谢信)
is
eating
came
as well
It was your great efforts as well as your professional guidance that
1. if any的省略结构
(教材原句)So what is the difference between them，if any 如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢
核心句型多维运用
if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if (there is/are) any…。
if not如果不是这样的话
if so如果是这样的话
if ever如果曾有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果有可能的话
if need be 如果需要的话
if circumstances permit
如果情况允许的话(稍正式，用于计划类表达)
if applicable 如适用；如可适用
[语段填空]
(1)______________ (如果有必要的话)，our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
(2)Please let me know how many people are coming，______________ (如果有的话)，so that I can make preparations.
(3)______________ (如果有可能的话)，try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.(应用文之建议信)
[微写作·背诵]
(4)你害怕其他学校的孩子会嘲笑你吗 如果是这样的话，我认为没有必要让别人阻止你做你想做的事情。
Are you afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at you ______________，I think it’s not necessary to have other people prevent you from doing what you want to do.(2022·新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ，读后续写)
If necessary
if any
If possible
If so
2. with的复合结构
(教材原句)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语，主要包括：
(1)with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来)
(2)with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)
(3)with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)
(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.
with ＋ 宾语 ＋ to be done 与 with ＋ 宾语 ＋ done的区别：
to be done表 “宾语需要被做”(动作未发生，被动)；
done表 “宾语已被做”(动作已完成，被动)。
[语段填空]
(1)________________________________ (随着胜利被公之于众)，all people present cheered up with great joy.
(2)______________________________________ (很多棘手的问题有待解决)，the newly-elected president will have a tough period to go through.
(3)Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，__________________________________________
_____________________ (他的眼中涌出了羞愧和尴尬的泪水). (读后续写之心理描写)
[微写作·背诵]
(4)皓月当空，我们围坐在一起，吃着月饼和水果，分享我们的故事。
__________________________________，we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruits，sharing our stories.
With the victory announced
With so many tricky problems to approach
with tears of shame and embarrassment
welling up in his eyes
With the bright moon up in the sky
　　假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Alex来信说将要在寒假期间去北京旅行一周，请你给他推荐一个你最喜欢的地方，帮助他更好地旅行，内容包括：1.推荐的景点；2.推荐理由以及需要注意的事项；3.表示真诚期待与欢迎。
写作能力多维训练
应用文写作——历史与文化
【完成句子】
1.得知你渴望在即将到来的寒假去北京旅游，我写信给你一些建议。(be keen to do； 现在分词短语作状语)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Learning that you are keen to travel to Beijing in the upcoming winter vacation，I am writing to give you some recommendations.
2.北京有许多著名的旅游景点，其中故宫博物院最为突出。(with复合结构)
Beijing boasts/is home to numerous renowned tourist attractions，with the Palace Museum standing out as the most notable.
3.故宫博物院被内城和外城的同心圆环绕着，自明代以来一直是北京的中心。(surround； concentric circles； 过去分词短语作后置定语)
The Palace Museum，surrounded by the concentric circles of the Inner and Outer Cities，has been the heart of Beijing since the Ming Dynasty.
4.随着寒假的临近，来北京的游客数量将急剧增加。(with复合结构； approach)
With the winter vacation approaching，the number of visitors to Beijing will increase dramatically.
5.如果有必要，你也可以要我帮你做一些预定。(if的省略结构)
You can also ask me to do some bookings for you if necessary.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
Dear Alex，
I am delighted to hear from you. Learning that you are keen to travel to Beijing in the upcoming winter vacation，I am writing to give you some recommendations.
Beijing boasts/is home to numerous renowned tourist attractions，with the Palace Museum standing out as the most notable，which once served as the imperial residence for emperors and their families during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Palace Museum，surrounded by the concentric circles of the Inner and Outer Cities，has been the heart of Beijing since the Ming Dynasty. Each year，it draws millions of visitors from around the globe. With the winter vacation approaching，the number of visitors to Beijing will increase dramatically. To ensure a smooth trip，I recommend booking your flights and accommodations well in advance. You can also ask me to do some bookings for you if necessary.
I sincerely hope you can make it to China this winter and I’m looking forward to your coming.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.awkward adj.令人尴尬的；使人难堪的
2.awkwardness n.尴尬；难堪
3.ashamed adj.感到羞愧的；感到羞耻的
4.shame n.羞愧；羞耻
5.embarrassing adj.使人尴尬的
6.embarrassed and ashamed 尴尬又羞愧
7.feel so ashamed 感到很丢脸
8.with one’s face burning with shame 脸羞愧得发烫
9.cheeks burn 脸颊发烫
读后续写——情感细节描写：尴尬与羞愧
【语料积累】
10.hide one’s inner embarrassment 掩饰某人内心的尴尬
11.flush with embarrassment 因尴尬而变得通红
12.a sharp sense of shame 一阵强烈的羞愧感
13.be desperate to do sth 急于做某事
14.eyes with tears 眼眶中充满了泪水
15.in an embarrassed voice/tone 用一种尴尬的声音/语气
16.give an embarrassed cough 尴尬地咳了一声
17.hang/drop/lower/bow one’s head in shame/embarrassment 羞愧/尴尬地低下头
18.an awkward/embarrassed silence/moment/pause 尴尬的沉默/一瞬/停顿
19.escape the teasing eyes 逃避嘲笑的目光
【单句填空】
1.当我站在那里时，一阵强烈的羞愧感涌上心头——我怎么能忽略掉对一直陪伴在我身边的人来说如此重要的事情呢
_____________________________________ as I stood there—how could I miss something so important to the person who’s always there for me
2.当我在安静的图书馆里不小心碰倒了一摞书时，所有人都转头看过来。我赶紧去把书捡起来，脸因为尴尬而变得通红。
When I accidentally knocked over a stack of books in the quiet library，everyone glanced over. I hurried to pick them up，my face ______________________________.(独立主格结构)
3.她感到非常尴尬，甚至能感觉到鲜血正涌到脸上。
___________________________，she even could feel the blood rushing to her face.(非谓语动词)
A sharp sense of shame washed over me
flushing with embarrassment
Feeling very embarrassed
4.女孩继续走着，脸颊发烫，结果听到的是更多关于这个话题的评论。
The girl walks on，________________________，only to hear more comments on the same theme. (独立主格结构)
5.他低下头，犹豫了一会儿，不知道如何掩饰内心的尴尬。
He lowered his head and hesitated for a moment，wondering how to ______________________
_________________.
her cheeks burning
hide his inner
embarrassment
【语篇填空】
During lunch，Sarah accidentally spilled her drink all over her new white shirt in front of
her classmates. The dark stain spread quickly，and 1.____________________________________ (她的脸因尴尬而变得通红). Laughter erupted from the table，and Sarah felt 2.______________
__________ (一阵强烈的羞愧感). She attempted to clean the mess with napkins，but it only
made it worse. 3.__________________________________ (急于逃避嘲笑的目光)，she rushed to the bathroom，4.____________________ (她的眼眶中充满了泪水). In the bathroom，she took
deep breaths，steadying herself. Later，her friends came to check on her，offering kind words
and support. 5._____________________________________ (尽管那一刻很尴尬)，Sarah appreciated the genuine concern from her friends.
her face flushed with embarrassment
a sharp sense
of shame
Desperate to escape the teasing eyes
her eyes with tears
Though the moment was embarrassing
课时作业
答案速对
课时作业10　[必修第二册　Unit 4 History and Traditions]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
答案 C D D B D D A C A D D B D B A B C
题号 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
答案 A D D B D B 见答案
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A★
体裁 题材 难度 建议用时 答案 得分
说明文 古类人猿头骨的发现 ★★ 7 min P38
　　Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans，after research showed that a famous skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million years older than experts thought. This discovery has changed what we know of human history.
The skull，which scientists have named “Mrs Ples”，is from an ape-like human relative from a species called Australopithecus africanus (非洲南方古猿). It was found near Johannesburg in 1947 and，based on evidence from its surroundings，was thought to be between 2.1 and 2.6 million years old. This puzzled scientists，because although Mrs Ples looks like a possible early ancestor of early humans，the first true humans had already evolved by the time she apparently lived. For this reason，scientists had decided that Australopithecus afarensis，a similar species from East Africa that lived about 3.5 million years ago，was our most likely ancestor instead.
To get a more accurate age for Mrs Ples，a team led by Professor Darryl Granger of Purdue University in Indiana，US，used a new method to date the sandy rocks where the skull lay. They measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks，which form at a steady rate when they are exposed to cosmic rays (宇宙射线) on Earth’s surface. Once rocks are buried，these chemicals stop forming and slowly disappear； the surviving amount reveals how much time has passed since the rocks (or bones) were on the surface.
The new study shows that Mrs Ples and other australopithecine bones nearby are between 3.4 and 3.7 million years old. This means they lived at the same time as their East African relatives，so that either group could have given rise to modern humans. However，team member Dr Laurent Bruxelles pointed out that over millions of years，at only 2，500 miles away，these groups had plenty of time to travel and to breed with each other. In other words，the groups could quite easily have met，had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨，其年代比专家们认为的要早100万年。这一发现改变了我们对人类历史的认识。
(　　)1.What can we learn about Mrs Ples from the first two paragraphs
A.It is a skull found in East Africa.
B.It is the most possible ancestor of humans.
C.It is a million years older than scientists expected.
D.It is proved to live between 2.1 and 2.6 million years ago.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans，after research showed that a famous skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million years older than experts thought.”可知，Mrs Ples的年代比科学家预期的要早100万年。
C
(　　)2.How did scientists get the accurate age of Mrs Ples
A.By studying the effect of cosmic rays.
B.By calculating the forming rate of chemicals.
C.By locating the sandy rocks where the skull lay.
D.By measuring the surviving amount of chemicals.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks…the surviving amount reveals…on the surface.”可知，科学家通过测量保存下来的化学物质的含量来确定Mrs Ples的准确年代。
D
(　　)3.What can we infer from the new study
A.Modern humans came into being in East Africa.
B.Mrs Ples travelled and had children with East African relatives.
C.The history of modern humans might begin 3.5 million years ago.
D.Ape-like species from Africa could have interacted with each other.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In other words，the groups could quite easily have met，had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans.”可推知，来自非洲的类人猿族群可能曾存在相互交流。
D
(　　)4.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A.Historical Puzzle Unsolved
B.Ancestor Mystery Solved
C.Mrs Ples： The Earliest Human Being
D.Mrs Ples： A Famous Skull
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans，…”可知，本文主要讲述的是科学家们解开了一个关于现代人类祖先头骨的谜题。因此B项“解开祖先之谜”适合作为本文标题。
B
B
体裁 题材 难度 建议用时 答案 得分
说明文 模仿的重要性 ★★★ 8 min P38
　　We learn about the world through the knowledge accumulated over thousands of years. Standing on the shoulders of great men，we don’t have to experience endless trial and error，just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car. But where does our ability to learn from others come from
A study led by Markus Paulus，professor at Loyola Marymount University，shows that the ability has its roots in the earliest childhood. “It’s generally assumed that children’s ability to imitate (模仿) is inborn，but according to our observation，children imitate because they themselves are imitated by caregivers. This interaction enables a cultural transfer of knowledge，which，through generations’ efforts，consequently leads to the development of human beings，” says Markus Paulus.
In this research，Paulus recorded the interaction between mother and child over several months. The babies came into the lab for the first time at the age of six months，while their final visit was when they were eighteen months old. As they engaged in various play situations，the interactions and imitations of mother and child were analysed. The long-term study showed that the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six-month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby，the greater the child’s overall ability was at the age of eighteen months.
Paulus’ research shows that mutual imitation is the keystone of knowledge transfer，through which children successfully learn various skills，such as the use of objects，waving and acquisition of language. “This interaction is the nucleus of learning and，finally，gives rise to evolutionary success of human，” says Paulus.
“Cultural learning is an essential part of human evolution，and it is rooted in the imitation of others，particularly our caregivers during our earliest childhood，” says Paulus. “Through this，we learn from each other and pass on knowledge to the next generation，so certain actions or techniques do not have to be constantly invented again.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了模仿对于人际互动、学习和人类文明演变的重要性。
(　　)5.Why does the author mention the example of wheels
A.To praise the invention of car wheels.
B.To describe the process of trial and error.
C.To emphasise the necessity of new tools.
D.To show the importance of prior knowledge.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We learn about the world through the knowledge accumulated over thousands of years. Standing on the shoulders of great men…”可推知，作者提到轮子的例子是为了强调先前知识的重要性。正是站在巨人的肩膀上，我们不必再重新进行研究和试验。
D
(　　)6.What can we learn about Paulus’ research
A.Children’s imitation was recorded by mothers.
B.Sensitive mothers encouraged children’s imitation.
C.Children’s ability was analysed through interaction.
D.Effective interaction promoted children’s development.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The long-term study showed that the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six-month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby，the greater the child’s overall ability was at the age of eighteen months.”可知，Paulus的研究表明，妈妈越频繁地模仿孩子，孩子的发育水平越好。由此推知，有效的互动促进了孩子们的发展。
D
(　　)7.What does the underlined word “nucleus” mean in Paragraph 4
A.Core. B.Result.
C.Aim. D.Content.
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“of learning and，finally，gives rise to evolutionary success of human”可知，这种互动最终引起人类的成功进化，说明这种互动是学习的核心，故nucleus意为“核心”。
A
(　　)8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Why does Evolution Matter
B.How to Interact with Children
C.Imitation： The Engine of Evolution
D.Cultural Learning： The Root of Imitation
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Cultural learning is an essential part of human evolution，and it is rooted in the imitation of others，particularly our caregivers during our earliest childhood…”可知，本文主要介绍了模仿在人类进化过程中的重要性，强调了其对于人类进化的推动作用。因此C项“模仿：进化的引擎”适合作为本文标题。
C
Ⅱ.完形填空
体裁 题材 难度 建议用时 答案 得分
记叙文 花语；朋友的关心 ★★★ 12 min P39
The Language of Flowers
Ding dong!I looked up from the couch. Who in the world could that be My body was troubled with illness，so I’d 　9　 myself away. Friends telephoned，texted，emailed and sent cards. I didn’t 　10　，thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in.
I 　11　 got up and opened the door to a flower delivery. As I put the flowers on my dining table，I was struck by its 　12　. It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties that shouldn’t really 　13　 yet somehow did. The mystery flowers had come in a blue jar，without a card.
Instead of returning to the couch，I 　14　 the florist. He told me some of my friends were behind the 　15　，secretly. “They wanted to get a 　16　 to you，” he said，“through the language of flowers.”
The group had followed him and picked very 　17　 stems after consulting an old book. “I learnt some things，” the florist said，then 　18　： The red carnation (康乃馨) meant “Our hearts ache for you”； the yellow tulip (郁金香) wanted to see 　19　 in my smile again； the pink carnation had a few 　20　 words to say about never forgetting me.
The more I understood what the flowers were 　21　，the more I started to remember the woman who might have 　22　 them before I separated myself from everyone and everything. My friends knew I was still that woman，with 　23　 beyond my health.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为疾病而自我封闭、疏远朋友，而朋友们给作者快递鲜花，通过花语让作者重新振作起来的故事。
(　　)9.A.hidden　 B.given C.driven　 D.broken
【解析】 考查动词。根据下文中的“I didn’t 　10　，thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in.”和“before I separated myself from everyone and everything”可知，作者认为自己状态不佳，没有什么可以提供给别人的，所以是自我封闭、躲起来了。
(　　)10.A.forbid　 B.accept C.act　 D.respond
【解析】 考查动词。根据下文中的“before I separated myself from everyone and everything”可知，作者把自己封闭起来，所以朋友们打电话、发短信、发邮件、寄贺卡，她都没有回应。
(　　)11.A.carefully　 B.unwillingly C.instantly　 D.cheerfully
【解析】 考查副词。根据上文中的“I didn’t 　10　，thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in.”可知，作者没有回应朋友们，不想被打扰，所以此处门铃响时，作者不情愿地站起来开门。
A
D
B
(　　)12.A.size　 B.style C.uniqueness　 D.shape
【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的“It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties that shouldn’t really 　13　 yet somehow did.”可知，这束花由许多品种的花朵组成，这些花朵本来不应该放在一起，所以作者是被它的独特性打动了。
(　　)13.A.go together　 B.stand out C.mix up　 D.fade away
【解析】 考查动词短语。根据上文中的“It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties”可知，这束花由许多品种的花朵组成，它们本来不应该放在一起。
(　　)14.A.informed　 B.thanked C.rewarded　 D.telephoned
【解析】 考查动词。根据下文中的“He told me some of my friends were behind…”可知，作者是在和花商对话，所以是给花商打电话。
(　　)15.A.delivery　 B.programme C.mystery　 D.scene
【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“I 　11　 got up and opened the door to a flower delivery.”可知，此处指作者的朋友们偷偷地参与了这次的送花活动。
C
A
D
A
(　　)16.A.companion　 B.message C.commitment　 D.gift
【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的“through the language of flowers”可知，通过花语传递的是信息。
(　　)17.A.expensive　 B.rare C.specific　 D.fresh
【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文中的“The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’；The yellow tulip (郁金香)…”可知，朋友挑选的都是具体的有特定意义的花。
(　　)18.A.explained　 B.clarified C.defined D.analysed
【解析】 考查动词。根据下文中的“The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’；The yellow tulip (郁金香)…”可知，花商在向作者解释花语。
(　　)19.A.pain　 B.fortune C.sympathy　 D.sunshine
【解析】 考查名词。根据空格后的“in my smile again”并结合选项可知，黄色的郁金香代表想再次见到作者开朗的样子，用阳光比喻笑容的灿烂。
B
C
A
D
(　　)20.A.modest　 B.tolerant C.formal　 D.meaningful
【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文中的“never forgetting me”可知，粉康乃馨的花语是从未忘记，是意味深长的花语。
(　　)21.A.involving　 B.saying C.smelling　 D.signing
【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“through the language of flowers”可知，花有花语，所以是作者理解了花诉说的心意。
(　　)22.A.advocated　 B.confirmed C.required　 D.earned
【解析】 考查动词。根据下文中的“My friends knew I was still that woman”可知，女人指的是作者自己，结合作者现在封闭自己的状态可推知，此处指作者开始记起之前那个值得朋友们送上这份心意的自己。
D
B
D
(　　)23.A.ambition　 B.value C.curiosity　 D.fantasy
【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in”可知，作者认为自己生病后处境艰难，不能给任何人提供任何东西，觉得自己没有用处，所以将自己封闭起来。但是朋友们的关心让作者明白了在朋友们的心里，作者仍然是除了健康之外，拥有自身价值的人。
B
Ⅲ.语法填空★
体裁 题材 难度 建议用时 答案 得分
新闻报道 敦煌文化走进新西兰 ★★★ 8 min P39
　　The “Experience China： Dunhuang Culture Enters New Zealand” exhibition kicked off in New Zealand’s largest city Auckland. The exhibition 　24　 (bring) by the Gansu Provincial Information Office and the Dunhuang Academy with the aim of vividly showcasing the rich cultural heritage of China.
The exhibition featured a systematic selection of Dunhuang murals，coloured sculptures，and cave models. It also 　25　 (digital) restored Cave 285 of the Mogao Grottoes. These efforts allowed the audience to bury 　26　 (they) in the historical and cultural essence of the Dunhuang Grottoes.
Additionally，performers from the Gansu Performing Arts Group charmed the audience with traditional Dunhuang music and dance，offering 　27　 unforgettable audio-visual experience. It aimed to enhance cultural exchanges 　28　 China and New Zealand while promoting people-to-people exchanges by displaying the unique charm of Dunhuang Grottoes art.
According to the organisers，Dunhuang culture is an essential part of the 　29　 (various) of world culture. Civilisations have become 　30　 (rich) and more colourful with exchanges and mutual learning. They hoped that this exhibition can contribute to 　31　 (strengthen) the people-to-people links in the two countries，facilitating healthy and stable development of bilateral (双边的) relations.
“This exhibition is really significant，　32　 brings a rare opportunity for New Zealanders 　33　 (engage) with one of the most important cultural and religious sites in the world and facilitates people-to-people exchanges，” said New Zealand parliament member Jenny Salesa.
24.______________　25.______________　26.______________　27.______________　
28.______________　29.______________　30.______________　31.______________　
32.______________　33.______________
was brought
digitally
themselves
an
between
variety
richer
strengthening
which
to engage
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在新西兰最大城市奥克兰举行的“感知中国——敦煌文化走进新西兰”活动。
24.was brought　【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。根据上下文可知，此处应用一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，动词和主语构成动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；又因主语The exhibition表达单数概念，动词应用单数形式，故填was brought。
25.digitally　【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰动词restored，应使用digital的副词形式digitally作restored的状语。
26.themselves　【解析】 考查代词。句意：这些工作使得观众们沉浸在敦煌石窟的历史和文化精髓中。分析句子结构可知，空格处为代词作bury的宾语，they和宾语the audience所指相同，应用反身代词，故填themselves。
27.an　【解析】 考查冠词。句意：此外，来自甘肃演艺集团的演员们以传统的敦煌歌舞吸引了观众们，为他们提供了一场难忘的视听体验。experience意为“经历”，为可数名词单数，空格前无限定词，空格处应使用不定冠词；又因unforgettable以元音音素开头，故填an。
28.between　【解析】 考查介词。句意：它旨在通过展示敦煌石窟艺术的独特魅力促进中新两国之间的文化交流，同时推动民间往来。between…and…意为“在……和……之间”，为固定搭配。
29.variety　【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处应使用various的名词形式variety作介词of的宾语。
30.richer　【解析】 考查形容词的比较等级。句意：通过交流互鉴，文明变得更加丰富多彩。此处为形容词作表语，由并列表语more colourful可知，空格处应用形容词的比较等级。
31.strengthening　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为hoped，空格处和谓语动词没有连词连接，应使用非谓语动词；strengthen与主语exhibition构成逻辑上的主谓关系，空格处应使用动词-ing形式作介词to的宾语。
32.which　【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中充当主语；先行词指代前面整句话，应使用关系代词which。
33.to engage　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为 brings，空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接，应使用非谓语动词；engage与主语New Zealanders构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此空格处应使用动词不定式to engage作后置定语。

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