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外研版选择性必修三 Unit 5 Learning from nature 单元同步测试
考试时间：100分钟 满分：100分
第一部分：词句基础过关（共30分）
写作词汇（根据中文写出英文）（每小题0.5分，共5分）
模仿 v. ________
极好的，出色的 adj. ________
智慧 n. ________
运用，使用 v. ________
医生 n. ________
农村的，乡村的 adj. ________
相当好的，正派的 adj. ________
得到，获得 v. ________
评估，评价 v. ________
转变，转换 v. ____模仿 v. ________
二、 阅读词汇（根据英文写出中文）（每小题0.5分，共5分）
architect n. ________
biomimicry n. ________
plumbing n. ________
frontier n. ________
domestic adj. ________
purity n. ________
resign v. ________
botanical adj. ________
fulfillment n. ________
echo-location n. _____
三、 转换词汇（根据提示写出相应形式）（每小题1分，共10分）
1. architect n. 建筑师 → ________ n. 建筑学 → ________ adj. 建筑上的
2. employ v. 运用；雇用 → ________ n. 雇主 → ________ n. 雇员
3. wisdom n. 智慧 → ________ adj. 聪明的，明智的
4. purity n. 纯洁 → ________ adj. 纯的；纯洁的 → ________ v. 使洁净
5. depart v. 离开 → ________ n. 离开；启程
6. resign v. 使顺从；辞职 → ________ n. 顺从；辞职信
7. evaluate v. 评估 → ________ n. 评估，评价
8. depress v. 使抑郁 → ________ adj. 抑郁的 → ________ n. 抑郁；沮丧
四、 短语互译（每小题1分，共10分）
认为……理所当然 _______________
与……和谐相处 ________________
对……做出反应 ________________
寻求解决方法 ________________
从……中获取灵感 _______________
stick with ________________
be based on ________________
be fed with ________________
meet the needs of ________________
in return for ___________________
第二部分：句子翻译（中译英）（每小题4分，共20分）
1.我们如此习惯它们，以至于我们可能把它们视为理所当然。（so...that...和take...for granted）
当然，并不是雨伞启发了花朵，也不是屋顶启发了松果。（强调句型 It was not...that...）
游客们经常惊讶地发现自己置身于一座捕捉了自然形态美的城市建筑中。（定语从句 ）
满足今天的需求同时保护明天的世界可能是一个挑战。（动名词短语作主语）
5. 理所当然地认为自然资源是无穷无尽的是错误的。（(常用 It is ... to do sth. 结构）
第三部分：篇章语法填空（共15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us. From Barcelona's forest-like
Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing's Water Cube, nature 1. ________ (present) in various architectural designs. Today, architects continue to explore ways 2. ________ (capture) the beauty of natural forms.
Singapore's ArtScience Museum is a superb example. Shaped 3. ________ (resemble) a lotus flower, it appears 4. ________ (float) above the waterfront. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water 5. ________ (recycle) through the building's plumbing system.
Another example is Harare's Eastgate Centre, 6. ________ is a superb example of biomimicry. Architect Mick Pearce 7. ________ (inspire) by termites constructing their mounds. The mounds have little holes 8. ________ (design) to allow air to move freely. In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a "skin" covered in holes, 9. ________ (reduce) the need for traditional air conditioning. Creating buildings such as these 10. ________ (enable) us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
第四部分：阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Passage A
Biomimicry is not just about copying the look of nature; it's about understanding the deep principles that allow organisms to survive and thrive. One of the most famous examples is the development of Velcro. In 1941, Swiss engineer George de Mestral went for a walk in the woods with his dog. Upon returning, he noticed burrs sticking to his clothes and his dog's fur. Under a microscope, he saw that the burrs had tiny hooks that could latch onto loops of thread or hair. This simple observation led to the invention of a fastening system used today in everything from shoes to space suits.
Another fascinating application is found in the design of high-speed trains. Japan's Shinkansen bullet train originally created a loud "tunnel boom" when exiting tunnels due to air pressure changes. Eiji Nakatsu, an engineer and birdwatcher, looked to the kingfisher for a solution. The kingfisher's beak is shaped to allow it to dive from air into water with very little splash. By redesigning the train's nose to mimic the kingfisher's beak, engineers not only eliminated the noise but also made the train 10% faster and 15% more energy-efficient.
Furthermore, nature's influence extends to the field of materials science. Scientists have been studying the structure of shark skin, which is covered in tiny, tooth-like scales called denticles. These scales reduce drag and prevent microorganisms from sticking to the surface. By mimicking this texture, researchers have developed coatings for ships that reduce fuel consumption and antibacterial surfaces for hospitals that do not rely on chemicals.
In the world of architecture, the lotus flower has inspired the design of self-cleaning surfaces. The leaves of the lotus have a unique microscopic structure that causes water to bead up and roll off, taking dirt particles with it. This "lotus effect" has been applied to paints and glass, allowing buildings to stay clean with minimal maintenance. These examples demonstrate that nature is a vast library of design ideas, offering sustainable solutions to complex human problems. By observing the natural world with curiosity and respect, we can continue to innovate in ways that are both efficient and environmentally friendly.
What inspired the invention of Velcro
The shape of a dog's fur. B. Tiny hooks on burrs.
C. The structure of space suits. D. A microscope's lens.
2. Why did the Shinkansen train need a redesign
A. It was too slow for passengers. B. It used too much electricity.
C. It produced a loud noise when leaving tunnels. D. Its nose was not attractive enough.
3. What is the "lotus effect" primarily used for in modern technology
A. Creating waterproof clothing for divers.
B. Developing self-cleaning paints and glass.
C. Improving the speed of underwater vehicles.
D. Reducing the weight of architectural materials.
4. What is the author's attitude towards biomimicry
A. Critical. B. Skeptical. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent.
Passage B
The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe, is a superb example of biomimicry. Designed by architect Mick Pearce, it is a building that "breathes" without the need for conventional air conditioning or heating systems. The inspiration for this innovative design came from a nature documentary about African termites and the complex mounds they build to survive in harsh environments.
Termites need a constant internal temperature of exactly 87 degrees Fahrenheit to grow the fungus that is their primary food source. To achieve this in a climate where outside temperatures can range from 35 degrees at night to over 100 degrees during the day, termites build mounds with a sophisticated system of vents. They constantly open and close these vents to manage convection currents, drawing in cool air at the base and venting hot air out through a central chimney at the top. This natural ventilation system maintains a stable environment regardless of the external weather conditions.
Pearce applied these principles to the Eastgate Centre. The building is composed of two blocks of offices and shops, separated by an open-air atrium. The structure's concrete walls have a high thermal mass, meaning they can absorb a significant amount of heat without changing temperature rapidly. During the day, the walls absorb heat from the sun and the building's occupants, keeping the interior cool. At night, large fans pull cool air from the outside through the building's floors and offices. As this cool air passes through the structure, it absorbs the heat stored in the concrete walls, warming the air to a comfortable temperature.
This biomimetic design allows the Eastgate Centre to use 90% less energy than a conventional building of the same size. Not only does this significantly reduce the building's environmental impact, but it also makes it much more cost-effective to run. The money saved on energy costs allowed the developers to offer lower rents to tenants, benefiting the local economy. The Eastgate Centre stands as a powerful reminder that by studying the ingenious solutions developed by even the simplest organisms over millions of years, we can find ways to meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow.
What is the main purpose of the termite mounds' vents
To provide a home for the fungus. B. To protect termites from predators.
C. To regulate the internal temperature. D. To store food for the winter.
How does the Eastgate Centre stay cool during the day
By using high-powered electric fans. B. By absorbing heat into its concrete walls.
C. By opening all the windows at noon. D. By pumping cold water through the plumbing.
3. What was a direct economic benefit of the Eastgate Centre's design
A. It became the most expensive building in Zimbabwe.
B. It allowed for lower rents due to energy savings.
C. It attracted millions of tourists to Harare.
D. It reduced the cost of building materials.
4. Which of the following would be the best title
A. The Life Cycle of African Termites
B. A Sustainable Building Inspired by Nature
C. The History of Architecture in Zimbabwe
D. How to Reduce Energy Costs in Offices
第五部分：应用文写作（共15分）
假定你是校英文报记者李华。你校上周举办了以“Learn from Nature, Explore Science”为主题的科技节活动。请你写一篇短文报道此次活动，内容包括：
活动的时间、地点和目的；
活动内容（如：仿生建筑模型展示、自然观察报告分享等）；
你的感受。
注意：词数100左右；
可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Learn from Nature, Explore Science
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第一部分：词句基础过关
一、 写作词汇
mimic (模仿)
2. superb (极好的，出色的)
3. wisdom (智慧)
4. employ (运用，使用)
5. physician (医生)
6. rural (农村的，乡村的)
7. decent (相当好的，正派的)
8. attain (得到，获得)
9. evaluate (评估，评价)
10. convert (转变，转换)
二、 阅读词汇
建筑师 (architect)
仿生学 (biomimicry)
管道系统 (plumbing)
前沿 (frontier)
驯养的/国内的 (domestic)
纯洁 (purity)
顺从/辞职 (resign)
植物学的 (botanical)
满足感 (fulfillment)
回声定位 (echo-location)
三、 转换词汇
1. architecture (n. 建筑学); architectural (adj. 建筑上的)
2. employer (n. 雇主); employee (n. 雇员)
3. wise (adj. 聪明的，明智的)
4. pure (adj. 纯的); purify (v. 使洁净)
5. departure (n. 离开；启程)
6. resignation (n. 顺从；辞职)
7. evaluation (n. 评估，评价)
8. depressive (adj. 抑郁的); depression (n. 抑郁；沮丧)
四、 短语互译
take... for granted
2. live in harmony with
3. respond to
4. seek solutions to
5. take inspiration from
6. 坚持；不离弃
7. 基于……
8. 以……为食/被喂食
9. 满足……的需求
10. 作为对……的回报
第二部分：句子翻译
In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted.
Of course, it wasn't the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
Meeting the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge.
It is wrong to take it for granted that natural resources are endless.
第三部分：篇章语法填空
is presented：
to capture：
to resemble：
to float：
is recycled：
which：
was inspired：
designed：
reducing：
enables：
第四部分：阅读理解
Passage A
B：
C：
B：
C：
Passage B
C：
B：
B：
B：
第五部分：应用文写作（范文）
Exploring Nature Through Science
Last week, our school successfully held a Science and Technology Festival themed "Learning from Nature" in the school hall. The event aimed to inspire students' interest in biomimicry and raise awareness of environmental protection.
During the festival, a variety of activities were organized. Many students displayed their impressive models of nature-inspired buildings, such as a stadium shaped like a bird's nest. Besides, some shared their fascinating reports on how animals' unique abilities can solve human problems.
I was deeply impressed by the wisdom of nature. This event not only broadened our horizons but also taught us the importance of living in harmony with our environment. It is high time that we learned more from nature to create a better future.

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