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(共26张PPT)
Unit 2
Lessons in life
Review: Passive Voice
Learning objectives
To review passive voice
To rewrite a short paragraph using passive voice
To write a story from Aesop’s Fables using passive voice
To talk about another fable and the lesson you’ve learnt from it
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and match them to the reasons why the passive voice is used.
a On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe
illness, …
b ... Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over-emotional thoughts and messages,...
c A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book!
1 The subject is not known, is unimportant, or “people in general” and can be omitted.
c A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book!
2 The focus of the sentences is on the recipient of the action, not on the subject of the sentence.
a On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness,…
3 The subject goes with lengthy expressions that are better put at the end.
b ... Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over-emotional thoughts and messages,...
long subject
被动语态
英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
以下几种情况常用被动语态：
1) 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；
2) 为了强调动作的承受者；
3) 主语有较长的修饰语时；
4) 通知、公告，新闻报道和科技报道等。
一、常见时态被动语态构成一览表(以及物动词do为例）
时态形式 构成 例句
现 在 时 一般式 am/is/are done A friend is never known till a man has need. [谚语】患难识挚友
进行式 am/is/are being done
He has to go to work on foot because his car is being repaired.
完成式 has/have been done
I have been told that we will move to the month.
时态形式 构成 例句
现 在 时 一般式 was/were done All the students were inspired by the inspiring speech.
进行式 was/were being done The advantages and disadvantages of the machine were being discussed when i went into the meeting room.
完成式 had been done When we got there the work had been finished.
时态形式 构成 例句
将 来 时 一般式 will/shall be done is/am/are doing to be done is/am/are to be done 1. The sports meeting will be held next week.
2. The activities are going to be replanned due to the unexpected factors.
过去式 would be done was/were going to be done was/were to be done 1. The teacher told us that a new experiment would be performanced the next day.
2. He said that the visit was to be changed for no reason.
二、被动语态值得注意事项
1. 含情态动词的被动语态：
构成：情态动词+be+done
Nowadays, solar energy ______________(can use) to produce electricity in many countries.
2. 接双宾语的动词变成被动语态：
有些动词在主动句中常接双宾语（一般人为间接宾语，物为直接宾语）。在变成被动语态中，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保留不变。如果直接诶宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for。
(1)We gave him the letter. =He ________(give) the letter by us. =The letter was given ____ him by us.
(2)He bought my son a birthday gift. = My son ______________(buy) a birthday gift by him. =A birthday gift was bought _______my son by him.
can be used
was given
to
was bought
for
改错：
(1)The old woman has neither son nor daughter, so she is often looked by her neighbors.
(2)Every mistake in your article should be paid attention.
looked 后面加after
attention后加to
注意：将含有“动词+介词/副词”类动词短语（如look after, put on, take care of, pay attention to)的主动句变为被动句时，原动词短语中的介词或副词应保留下来。
3. 被动语态除用“be +及物动词-ed形式”构成外，还可用“get +及物动词-ed形式”结构。常见的可与get连用的过去分词有broken, burned, caught, drowned, drunk, fired, hurt, wounded, lost等。表示一种被动或状态。如：
I got badly burned by the sun yesterday.
The children got lost in the forest, which made their parents worried.
4. 如果要强调执行者，可在后面加by+执行者（代词为宾格）。
Tom/He cleaned all the windows yesterday.
All the windows were cleaned by Tom/him.
5. be to rent/blame为固定结构。
He is to blame for his spoiled children.
Who is ___________(blame) for the mistake 谁应为此错误接受谴责？
to be blame
三、不能用于被动语态的情况
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。如：appear, last, come, go, happen, break out, take place, occur等。
2. 系表结构被动语态。 如sound, look, taste, smell等。
3. 部分短语动词可以带宾语，但没有被动语态，如belong to, add up to, date back to, consist of, take part in等。
4. 有些及物动词也没有被动语态，如have(有), cost, lack(缺少), own, wish, fit等。
John Smith always lacks confidence. (√)
Confidence is always lacked by John Smith. (×)
5. 当sell, read, keep, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn, close等所在句子有副词easily, well, smoothly, softly等，为不及物动词，不能用被动语态。
(1)The kind of cloth washes easily.
(2)Have you bought the books that sell well these days I think it is suitable for us teenagers.
(3) The fruits doesn't keep well, so put them into the freezer.
6. prove后面跟形容词或to be 结构，prove为联系动词，没有被动语态。如：As time went on, his theory proved (to be) correct.
四、非谓语中主动和被动的特殊点
1. 在动词need, require, want表示“某人、某物需要被干什么”，或deserve表示“值得被干什么”，用动名词主动表达被动关系或用不定式被动。如：
The house needs _________/______________(repair).
He deserved _____________/______________/_______________(encourage).
2. 在某些“主语（人或物）+be+ adj. +不定式”中，不定式用主动表达被动。常见形容词用easy, difficult, hard, fit, important, nice, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。
The problem is difficult _____ _____(solve).
3. 在“be worth…”结构用主动表达被动，在“be worthy…”结构中用不定式的被动或加of再用动名词的被动。
The place of interest is worth ______(visit).
The place of interest is worthy ________________/ of _____________(visit)
repairing
to be repaired
encouragement
encouraging
to be encouraged
to solve
visiting
to be visited
being visited
4. 不定式作后置定语，和所修饰的名词和代词为动宾关系，能在这句话中扎到执行者用主动，找不到执行者则用被动。
1) I have something important ______(do) this evening.
2) The meeting _____________(hold) tomorrow is about the election of the monitor.
5. 在主动语态中，动词see, make, hear, watch, notice等后面的宾补动词不定式不带to，但变成被动句时，必须加上to。
They made him go there alone. -----He was made to go there alone by them.
to do
to be held
Now look for more sentences with the passive voice in the reading passage and talk about why it is used.
After finishing it, I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view.
Reading this book made me feel as if I'd been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world!
…Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over-emotional thoughts and messages, many of which
are repeated.
The book made me stop and think about how much I am influenced by popular culture...
..., knowing that you are loved and have loved others as much as you could.
Activity 2 Rewrite the paragraph using the passive voice where appropriate.
Since ancient times, storytelling has been a way to share and pass on wisdom. One important early work that did so was Aesop’s Fables, a collection of stories that history credits to Aesop, a Greek storyteller. People believe that he lived in Ancient Greece between 620 BC and 564 BC. Most of the characters in his stories are animals, the qualities of which Aesop used to reflect human traits and wisdom. Each fable teaches a life lesson that Aesop summarises in a short phrase at the end of the story, called a moral. Today, children and adults all around the world still enjoy Aesop’s Fables.
Since ancient times, storytelling has been a way to share and pass down wisdom through generations. One important early work that did just this was Aesop’s Fables, a collection of stories that is credited to Aesop, a Greek storyteller. It is believed that Aesop lived in Ancient Greece between 620 BC and 564 BC. Most of the characters in his stories are animals, the qualities of which were used to reflect human traits and wisdom by Aesop. Each fable teaches a life lesson that is summarised in a short phrase at the end of the story, called a moral Today, Aesop’s Fables is still enjoyed today by children and adults all around the world.
One day a little mouse was caught by a lion. The lion wanted to eat the mouse, but the mouse said that he would help the lion someday, if he was let go. The lion thought, “How can a great animal be helped by a little animal ” But the mouse was allowed to leave. Several days later, the lion was caught by the hunter’s net. The mouse bit the net with his strong teeth and helped the lion out. Thanks to the little mouse, the lion was saved and finally admitted that the strong could sometimes be helped by the weak.
Activity 3 Look at the pictures and write the story from Aesop’s Fables. Use the passive voice where appropriate.
One day a little mouse was caught by a lion...
一、单句语法填空
1. The more regularly they can ___________(inspect), the more railway safety, reliability and none-time performance ______________(improve).
2. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like ---frequently by plane ---___________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
3. Currently, about 35,000 works ________________(display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it will take a lifetime to see everything.
4. The woman was walking about outside the operation room, because her son __________________(operate) on.
5. To her surprise, great changes __________(take) place and lots of factories _______________(set) up during the past 10 years in her hometown.
6. The book is said ____________________(translate) into many languages so far.
Practice
be inspected
is viewed
are being displayed
was being operated
have taken
have been set up
to have been translated
will be improved
7. It _________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasties and has now been completely restores.
8. I need _____(go) home now, because my coat needs _____________________(mend).
9. The bag was very heavy _______(carry), so the boy had to ask his father to help.
10. The little boy is often heard _______(sing) the same English song nearby.
11. Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now _____________(repay) later in life.
12. Experiments of this kind _________________(conduct) in both the U.S and Europe well before the World War Ⅱ.
13. I like this new pen, because it ______(write) smoothly.
14. My uncle made it clear that his novel ________________(publish) the next month.
15. ---Mr Li asked his boss, “Do you have any materials __________(type) today ”
---No. I have had them _______(type).
was built
to go
mending/to be mended
to carry
to sing
will be repaid
had been conducted
writes
would be published
to be typed
typed
二、用语篇连语法
Every April, there 1. ____(be) a special day when people remember and honor their ancestors. It 2. _________(call) the Tom Sweeping Day, also known as the Qingming Festival.
The Tomb Sweeping Day is a traditional Chinese festival. It 3. ______(begin) over 2,000 years ago. A lot of poems about Qingming 4. ______________(write) by the end of the Tang Dynasty. A well-known poem by the Tang Dynasty poet DU Mu 5. ___________(describe) the day: “Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes, and passers-by with lowered spirits go.”
is
is called
began
had been written
described
The Tomb Sweeping Day 5. __________(be) a public holiday on the Chinese mainland since 2008. On this day, families bring flowers, food and write to their ancestors’ tombs. Cakes and fruits 7. _______(put) in front of the tombs. That’s because people think that visiting tombs during the Qingming Festival 8. ___(be) to show respect to their dead family members. However, the Tomb Sweeping Day is not only about this. During that time, the weather 9. _____(get) warm. So the Tomb Sweeping Day also means finally being able to garden and enjoy outdoor activities in China. It is not clear whether these ways of celebrating the Tomb Sweeping Day 10. ______________(change) in the future.
has been
are put
is
gets
will be changed

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