资源简介

(共51张PPT)
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
单元词汇复现
clinic；complain；faint；precious；principle；whisper
Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten when an accident
happened. A pregnant woman tripped over and 1.____________. Seeing this，her first response was to conduct first aid，but a passer-by 2.______________ to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma. After a short hesitation，she chose to send the woman to a 3.______________. A physician who had just retired came to assist her. However，her mother spoke sharp words and 4.______________ about this for fear of blackmail (敲诈). Li Hua became scared. With a chain of terrible thoughts flashing through her mind，she was almost in despair，and therefore could not sleep until midnight. Her father’s words carried her through the hard time. “Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might. What is more
5.______________ than life How can you reject your duty and ignore your 6._____________ ” The following day，she found the pregnant woman’s husband waiting in front of her classroom. He thanked Li Hua again and again in tears. At last，her tension was replaced with pride.
fainted
whispered
clinic
complained
precious
principles
1. respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应 (response n.反应；回答；回复)
核心词汇多维讲练
(1)respond to
对……做出回应或反应；答复
(2)in response to
对……的答复；对……做出反应
make a/no response to
对……做出回应/不予回答
归纳短语中的to都是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
我写信是为了回应你上一封信，在信中你要我就如何策划以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动提供建议。
I am writing in response to your last letter asking me for advice on how to plan a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”.(2023·北京，书面表达)
[单句语法填空]
(1)A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues (刺激) with behavioural ______________ (respond) that help meet the goal. (2023·北京，书面表达)
(2)______________ response to the appeal，I have made some changes in my way of life，which range from transportation to water saving.
(3)______________ (respond) to the pressure from the public，the government is taking effective measures to prevent the river from being polluted.
(4)Every time I asked him for advice，he would make ___________ response to me immediately. (2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
[微写作·背诵]
(5)他微笑着，自豪地回应，回头看着她，好像在说：“你说得对。”
He was smiling and _______________________，looking back at her as if to say，“You got that right.” (读后续写之语言、动作描写)
responses
In
To respond
a
responding in pride
2. appoint vt.任命；委派 (appointment n.约会；任命；预约；委任 appointed adj.约定的；指定的)
(1)appoint sb as/to be…
任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth
委派某人做某事
(2)make/have an appointment (with sb)(与某人)约会/预约
keep/break an appointment
守/违(爽)约
我们曾约定这个周末一起外出，但很抱歉我无法遵守诺言了。
We have made an appointment to go out this weekend，but I’m so sorry that I can’t keep my promise.(2021·北京，应用文之道歉信)
[单句语法填空]
(1)I turned up at the ______________ (appoint) hour for a dinner，only to find that no other guest had arrived and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.(2023·北京，语法填空改编)
(2)Learning that you have been appointed ______________ (be) chairman of the Student Council，I sincerely congratulate you.
(3)Shortly after Mr Rochester bought the hotel，he made an ______________ (appoint) to see the hotel manager.(2024·新课标Ⅱ，听力)
[微写作·背诵]
(4)由于已经和牙医预约，我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
→Because I _________________________________________，I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time.
→_____________________________________________，I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time.(用having done作状语改写)
appointed
to be
appointment
have made an appointment with the dentist
Having made an appointment with the dentist
3. tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于 (tendency n.趋势；趋向)
(1)tend to do…
倾向于做……；往往做……
tend (to) sb/sth
照看……
(2)have a tendency to do…
有做……的倾向
近年来，人们越来越倾向于关注自己的心理健康。
In recent years，there has been a tendency for people to focus more on their mental health.(应用文之现象介绍)
[单句语法填空]
(1)However，when a cat is looking for affection，they tend ______________ (produce) stretched and soft meows.(2024·全国甲，阅读理解)
(2)The reasons relate to a variety of factors，including reduced concentration，an entertainment mindset (心态) and a ______________ (tend) to multitask while consuming digital content.(2024·新课标Ⅰ，阅读理解)
[微写作·背诵]
(3)事实上，忙碌的学习者中普遍存在一种倾向，即忽视短暂的休息时间。然而，短短 10 分钟的休息实际上能够提高专注力并避免过度疲劳。
In fact，_______________________ among busy learners is to ignore short breaks. Small 10-minute rests，however，can actually boost focus and prevent burnout.
to produce
tendency
a common tendency
4. scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的)
(1)scare sb into doing sth
恐吓某人做某事
scare…away/off 把……吓跑
scare the life out of sb
吓得某人魂飞魄散
(2)be scared to do sth
害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb/sth
害怕某人/某事
be scared to death吓得要死
当我看到那只熊带着令人恐惧的眼神再次出现时，我惊恐地呆在原地，几乎被吓死了。
As soon as I saw the bear returning with a scary look in its eyes，I was nearly scared to death，frozen in place by terror.(读后续写之动作描写)
[单句语法填空]
(1)Though some are initially ______________ of the insects and turned off by the dirt，most are eager to try something new.(2023·新课标Ⅱ，阅读理解)
(2)One of the old customs during the New Year is setting off fireworks，which is said to scare ______________ the monster Nian.
(3)She was scared into ______________ (crouch) beside a big tree by the shouts of tigers，with her heart pounding.(读后续写之情感、动作描写)
(4)After watching a ______________ (scare) film in the cinema，she was scared _____________ walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi.
[微写作·背诵]
(5)意识到自己的错误后，我胆怯地低下了头，不敢看父亲那张阴云密布的脸。
Having realized my mistake，I bowed my head timidly，__________________________________
_______ (形容词短语作状语).(读后续写之心理描写)
scared
away/off
crouching
scary
of
scared to look at my father’s cloudy
face
5. assist vt.帮助；援助 (assistance n.帮助；援助 assistant n.助手；助理)
(1)assist sb to do sth
帮助某人做某事
assist sb with/in
在某方面帮助某人
(2)come/go to one’s assistance来/去援助某人
with the assistance of…
在……的帮助下
正是在你的慷慨帮助下，我成功地赢得了选举，并被任命为学生会主席。
It was with your generous assistance that I succeeded in winning the election and was appointed as chairman of the Student Council.
[单句语法填空]
(1)…Barnabas Daru，who is lead author of the study and ______________ (assist) professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.(2024·新课标Ⅰ，阅读理解)
(2)In response to your last letter，I make sure that I will assist you ______________ your oral English. Firstly，I will assist you ______________ (correct) your pronunciation.
(3)I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop assistant who came to my ______________ (assist) when I fainted in your shop.
[微写作·背诵]
(4)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。
When the twins were worried that they couldn’t succeed in making a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast，their father _______________________. ______________________________________
_____________________________，the twins made it，their faces brimming with happy smiles.(2021·新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ，读后续写)
assistant
with/in
to correct
assistance
came to their assistance
With the assistance of their father/With
their father assisting them
6. harm n.& vt.伤害；损害 (harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的)
(1)do sb harm/do harm to sb 对某人有害
mean no harm 没有恶意
There is no harm (in) doing sth. 做某事无害处。
(2)be harmful/harmless to
对……有(无)害
我们应该放弃那些对我们的环境有害的坏习惯。
We should abandon those bad habits that do harm to our environment.(应用文之倡议书)
[单句语法填空]
(1)The physician says that the medicine is harmful _____________ children but _____________ (harm) to adults.
(2)Being addicted to online games is ______________ (harm) to our physical and mental health. (2021·全国乙，书面表达)
(3)He added sometimes there was no harm in ______________ (put) off some work until another day.
[微写作·背诵]
(4)我用手捂住电话，低声告诉她我没有恶意。
I cupped my hand over the phone，whispering to her that _________________.(读后续写之动作描写)
to
harmless
harmful
putting
I meant no harm
7. whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
(1)whisper to sb 与某人耳语
whisper sth in one’s ear
在某人耳旁小声说某事
It is/was whispered that…
据传闻……
(2)in a whisper/whispers
耳语地；低声地
他们小声争论时，Harry在屋里走来走去，漫不经心地听着。
As they argued with each other in whispers，Harry moved around the room，only half listening. (读后续写之场景描写)
[单句语法填空]
(1)He gently whispered the shocking fact ______________ her ear to avoid disturbing the other reading people in the library.
(2)It __________________ (whisper) among the curious neighbors that Mrs Johnson might sell her lovely house and move to the city.
(3)On the extremely crowded train during the early morning rush，Sarah nervously whispered ______________ Mark that she thought they had missed their stop.
[微写作·背诵]
(4)“我简直不敢相信剧情的这个转折!”Sarah叫道，接着又用耳语重复了一遍，因为她意识到他们在剧院里，于是压低了声音。
“I can’t believe the twist in the plot!” exclaimed Sarah，then saying it again _______________ as she remembered they were in a theater.(读后续写之语言、动作描写)
in
was whispered
to
in a whisper
1. “否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
(教材原句)To a person nothing is more precious than their life，... 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，……
核心句型多维运用
本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级含义，意为“没有比……更……的了”。常用的否定词有：no、 not、 never、 nothing、 nobody、 hardly等。
no more than与not more than：
前者强调 “最多；只不过”(含 “少/有限”的贬义)，后者仅表“不超过”(中性)，如 “He is no more than 12.”(他只不过 12 岁，隐含 “年纪小”) vs “He is not more than 12.”(他不超过 12 岁，仅陈述事实)。
[语段填空]
(1)The judge exclaimed，“Your story is perfect and _____________________________ (我从未听过比这更好的).”
(2)To us，nothing is _________________________________________ (没有什么比传递善意更重要的了) to those in trouble.(读后续写之主旨升华)
[微写作·背诵]
(3)当我的朋友问我是否想去购物时，我摇了摇头——在这样一个阴雨绵绵的周六下午，没有什么比待在家里捧着一本好书，喝着一杯热可可更惬意的了。
When my friend asked if I wanted to go shopping，I shook my head—______________________ ___________________ with a good book and a cup of hot cocoa on a rainy Saturday afternoon.
I’ve never heard a better one
more important than passing on kindness
there is nothing better
than staying home
2. the＋序数词＋n.＋to do
(教材原句)She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级，或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰，或前面有the only、 the last、 the right等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
在time、 way、 chance、 ability、 promise、 attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。
[语段填空]
(1)There was no signal in that faraway village and ____________________________ (我所有与你取得联系的尝试) failed.
(2)I can speak fluent English and I am _________________________________________________ _______ (我们班唯一一个出国深造的学生). There is no doubt that I am ____________________ _________________________ (负责这项工作的最佳人选).
[微写作·背诵]
(3)John是第一个想出做爆米花帮助Bernard挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助Bernard走出困境。
John was _________________________________________________________________________. He was convinced that he had the ability __________________________________.(2020·新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ，读后续写)
all my attempts to contact you
the only student in my class to go abroad for further
study
the best person to be
responsible for the job
the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money
to help Bernard out of the difficulty
　　你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1.人物简介；2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
写作能力多维训练
应用文写作——优秀品行
【完成句子】
1.说到我最尊敬的人，我首先想到的是我的英语老师——王老师。(不定式作后置定语)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When it comes to the person I respect the most，the first to come to mind is my English teacher，Miss Wang.
2.她是一位既热心又敬业的老师，把我们当作她的孩子一样照顾和教导。(定语从句； tend)
She is a teacher who is both warm-hearted and dedicated，tending and instructing us as if we were her own children.
3.作为还是青少年的学生，我们有时候会陷入迷茫和绝望的境地。(where引导定语从句； in despair)
As teenage students，we sometimes find ourselves in situations where we are lost and in despair.
4.每当我们遇到困难时，总是她带我们度过艰难的时期。(强调句式； carry sb through)
Whenever we encounter difficulties，it is always she who carries us through the tough times.
5.她赢得了我们所有学生的尊敬，在我们心中她是最美的老师。(否定词＋比较级)
She has won the respect of all of us students，and in our hearts，there is no teacher more beautiful than she is.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
The Person I Respect
When it comes to the person I respect the most，the first to come to mind is my English teacher，Miss Wang.
She is a teacher who is both warm-hearted and dedicated，tending and instructing us as if we were her own children. She has a flexible teaching method.When I encounter problems in English learning，she listens to me patiently and explains them carefully，helping me overcome the difficulties. As teenage students，we sometimes find ourselves in situations where we are lost and in despair. Whenever we encounter difficulties，it is always she who carries us through the tough times.
She has won the respect of all of us students，and in our hearts，there is no teacher more beautiful than she is.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.weep vi.& vt.哭泣
2.water vi.流泪
3.sob vi.& vt.呜咽
4.moan vi.& vt.呻吟
5.sniffle vi.(因哭泣)抽鼻子
6.wail/bawl vi.& vt.放声大哭
7.be bathed in tears 泪流满面
8.fight/hold back tears抑制眼泪
9.burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来
读后续写——动作细节描写：哭泣与流泪(一)
【语料积累】
10.choke up哽咽
11.cry one’s eyes/heart out悲痛欲绝
12.sob/weep with one’s face buried in one’s hands掩面哭泣
13.tears spring to one’s eyes泪水涌上双眼
14.on the verge of tears 快要哭出来了
15.one’s tears brim over 泪如泉涌
16.with tears in one’s eyes 眼含泪水
17.in the depth of despair 绝望的深渊
【单句填空】
1.Jane眼里含着泪水转向我，恳求我帮帮她。
Jane turned to me __________________________，and begged me to help her.
2.Bill抑制住泪水，并试图安慰Sarah的母亲。
Bill ____________________________ and tried to comfort Sarah’s mother.
3.她的手在颤抖。她快要哭出来了，但Paul没有意识到这一切。
Her hands were shaking.She ___________________________，but Paul didn’t realise that.
4.Cecil后来来了，悲痛欲绝，请求我原谅他。
Cecil came round later，____________________________，asking me to forgive him.
5.她一张口说话，就又泪如泉涌了。
_________________________ again as she started to speak.
with tears in her eyes
fought/held back his tears
was on the verge of tears
crying his eyes/heart out
Her tears brimmed over
【语篇填空】
Susan was caught in a car accident and fainted.She finally came to life after a chain of
operations but went blind forever，1.___________________________________ (这让她陷入了绝望的深渊). Scared to face the future，2._________________________________________________ (她经常掩面哭泣). Seeing his wife 3.________________ (泪流满面)，her husband，Mark，was heartbroken. He tended her with great care and 4.________________________________________
________________ (决心帮助她恢复力量和信心) and step out of such a passive dilemma. He bought her a guide dog，encouraged her to learn Braille and accompanied her to join in
community activities. Gradually，5.__________________________________________ (Susan的紧张情绪被信心取代了). She whispered gently，“Mark，thank you. It is you that/who carry me through the tough situation.”
which threw her in the depth of despair
she often sobbed/wept with her face buried in her hands
bathed in tears
determined to assist her to regain strength
and confidence
Susan’s tension was replaced by confidence
课时作业
课时作业13　[必修第三册　Unit 2 Morals and Virtues]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案 C C D A B D B A C B B F E C G
答案速对
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
体裁 题材 难度 建议用时 答案 得分
应用文 关于太空的儿童读物 ★★ 5 min P41
　　For children，space is magical—a whole world is out there，with so many things to learn and stories to read. Here are some children’s books about space and the solar system.
Mae among the Stars illustrated by Stasia Burrington
This beautifully illustrated picture book is attractive to young kids. It was inspired by the first African American woman in space，Mae Jemison. It tells the story of Mae as a little girl，who always knew she had big dreams about space. This is a great addition to a young kid’s collection，as a reminder to hold tight to dreams and never give up.
Galaxy Girls by Libby Jackson
This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at more than four dozen women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way，from the 19th century to the present day. This is a perfect gift for young kids who want to know more about some of the lesser-known scientific achievements related to space exploration.
Chasing Space by Leland Melvin
This is Melvin’s story about being a football player-turned-astronaut，along with his recovery from an injury that nearly left him deaf. Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead，and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try，and a section of full-colour photographs.
Space Encyclopedia by David A.Aguilar
The book is full of beautiful illustrations of space，and is perfect for kids of all ages，exploring various planets and the solar system. Unlike other kids’ space books，this is a National Geographic book written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist. Aguilar is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本关于太空和太阳系的儿童读物。
(　　)1.What do Mae among the Stars and Galaxy Girls have in common
A.They include lesser-known astronauts.
B.They tell about scientists’ childhood.
C.They cover women exploring space.
D.They are suitable for children of all ages.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据Mae among the Stars illustrated by Stasia Burrington部分中的“It was inspired by the first African American woman in space，Mae Jemison.”及Galaxy Girls by Libby Jackson部分中的“This…book gives kids a look at…women from around the world who were involved in exploring space…”可知，两本书的共同之处是它们都涉及探索太空的女性。
C
(　　)2.Whose book attracts children showing interest in experiments
A.Stasia Burrington’s. B.Libby Jackson’s.
C.Leland Melvin’s. D.David A.Aguilar’s.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据Chasing Space by Leland Melvin部分中的“…he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try…”可知，对实验感兴趣的孩子会被Leland Melvin的书吸引。
C
(　　)3.What is unique to Space Encyclopedia
A.It has beautiful pictures.
B.It tells about space artists.
C.It has won many grand awards.
D.It was written by an astronomer.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Space Encyclopedia by David A.Aguilar部分中的“Unlike other kids’ space books…written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist.”可知，这本书的独特之处在于其作者的身份是一位天文学家。
D
B★
体裁 题材 难度 建议用时 答案 得分
说明文 道德准则 ★★★ 8 min P41
　　Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here，norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly，but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of； leadership，marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily led to chaos，it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding，the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking，even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically，cruelty and cheating are discouraged，while cooperation，humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead，they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding，while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally，social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home，efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time，energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth，even when lying is self-serving； we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands： we must get along，but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans，a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control，just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language，which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中。
(　　)4.What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit’s moral code
A.Living conditions were the drive. B.Unwritten rules were the target.
C.Social tradition was the basis. D.Honesty was the key.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding…”可知，因纽特人道德准则的形成是以其生存环境为基础的。
A
(　　)5.What can we learn from this passage
A.Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies.
B.Basic human needs lead to universal norms.
C.Language capacity is limited by self-control.
D.Written laws have great influence on virtues.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These universal norms…are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.”可知，这些普遍规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们共同的学习和解决问题机制。
B
(　　)6.Which would be the best title for this passage
A.Virtues： Bridges Across Cultures
B.The Values of Self-discipline
C.Brains： Walls Against Chaos
D.The Roots of Morality
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文并根据第一段中的“Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.”可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论。因此D项“道德的起源”适合作为本文标题。
D
C★
体裁 题材 难度 建议用时 答案 得分
说明文 儒家思想 ★★★ 8 min P41
　　Confucianism is one of the most influential religious philosophies in the history of China，and it has been around for over 2，500 years. It is concerned with inner virtue，morality，and respect for the community and its values.
Confucianism is a philosophy and belief system from ancient China，which laid the foundation for much of Chinese culture. Confucius was a philosopher and teacher who lived from 551 to 479 BCE. His thoughts on ethics，good behaviour，and moral character were written down by his disciples in several books，the most important being The Analects. Confucianism believes in ancestor worship and human-centred virtues for living a peaceful life. The golden rule of Confucianism is “Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you.”
The main idea of Confucianism is the importance of having a good moral character，which can then affect the world around that person through the idea of “cosmic harmony”. If the emperor has moral perfection，his rule will be peaceful and benevolent. Natural disasters and conflict are the result of straying from the ancient teachings. This moral character is achieved through the virtue of ren，or “humanity”，which leads to more virtuous behaviours，such as respect，altruism，and humility. Confucius believed in the importance of education in order to create this virtuous character. He thought that people are essentially good yet may have strayed from the appropriate forms of conduct.
The idea of “filial piety” or devotion to family，is key to Confucius’ thought. This devotion can take the form of ancestor worship，submission to parental authority，or the use of family metaphors，such as “son of heaven” to describe the emperor and his government. The family was the most important group for Confucian ethics，and devotion to family could only strengthen the society surrounding it.
While Confucius gave his name to Confucianism，he was not the first person to discuss many of the important concepts in Confucianism…
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了儒家思想是中国历史上最具影响力的宗教哲 学之一，它已经存在了2，500多年。它关注的是内在的美德、道德以及对社会及其价值观的尊重。
(　　)7.What is Confucianism
A.It’s a philosophy originated in modern China.
B.It’s at the core of people’s conduct codes.
C.It’s a book full of moral thoughts and principles.
D.It’s a community that study an ancient celebrity.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He thought that people are essentially good yet may have strayed from the appropriate forms of conduct.”及第四段中的“The idea of ‘filial piety’ or devotion to family，is key to Confucius thought.”“The family was the most important group for Confucian ethics，and devotion to family could only strengthen the society surrounding it.”可知，儒家思想强调人的行为准则，“孝” 是其核心思想之一，对家庭的忠诚能强化社会。由此推知，儒家思想处于人们行为准则的核心位置。
B
(　　)8.How can Confucianism have something to do with world around the people
A.It can be used to explain how the disastrous outcomes come about.
B.It should warn people not to obey the nature power and rules.
C.It motivates people to show off what they have and how much they gain.
D.It leads to people’s kind nature born as a human in their character.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The main idea of Confucianism is the importance of having a good moral character，which can then affect the world around that person through the idea of ‘cosmic harmony’…Natural disasters and conflict are the result of straying from the ancient teachings.”可推知，儒学可以用来解释灾难性后果是如何产生的。
A
(　　)9.Which quotation may correspond with the idea of “filial piety”
A.Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved.
B.Man’s nature is good at birth.
C.First respectful to siblings then second trustworthy.
D.If one refuses to teach，one’s nature will shift.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可推知，“filial piety”意为“孝”，强调对家庭的忠诚和尊重。“First respectful to siblings then second trustworthy.”意为“首孝悌，次谨信”，体现了对兄弟姐妹的尊重，这与家庭伦理相关，符合“孝”的理念。
C
(　　)10.What will the passage talk about next
A.The influence of Confucianism.
B.The passing down of Confucianism.
C.The evolution of Confucianism.
D.The transformation of Confucianism.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“he was not the first person to discuss many of the important concept in confucianism”可推知，这篇文章接下来将讨论儒家思想的传承。
B
Ⅱ.七选五
体裁 题材 难度 建议用时 答案 得分
说明文 维持工作和生活平衡 ★★★ 8 min P42
　　Hard work has been part of every laureate’s (获奖者) journey towards the Nobel Prize. Many examples. Fran oise Barré-Sinoussi spent time in the lab on the morning of her wedding. After Michael Brown’s first daughter was born，he went straight back to discuss the next day’s experiments. Early-career scientists often ask laureates about work-life balance. 　11　
Spend time with your family and friends. Many laureates stress the value of maintaining personal relationships. Doctor Brian Kobilka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 　12　 However，despite a heavy workload，he also made time for his family. As Brian Kobilka explains，family provides essential support.
Sleep well at night. 　13　 It is therefore tempting to finish work before health-promoting activities. However，this is a trap which Oliver Smithies advises against. Not only is sleep needed to stay healthy，but your brain needs sleep to function at full capacity so you can generate ideas and solve problems.
　14　 Family，work and sleep are all important to a scientist’s success. But they don’t all have to be a constant focus. Sometimes it will be important to avoid maintaining everything at a high level. Don’t be daunted by the idea that you have to do everything perfectly at once—you can have a different focus at different times.
Don’t work too hard. Ultimately，working too hard won’t be beneficial. Not only do you risk burning yourself out，but you are also restricted in your thinking. Taking time away from work can allow you to approach problems in a new way. 　15　 Laureates often point out that working long hours doesn’t always lead to efficiency.
A.My solutions may be of some help.
B.Their answers can be enlightening.
C.Focus on different aspects of your life.
D.Never hesitate to bravely rise to challenge.
E.Sleep，exercise and eating well can all conflict with working long hours.
F.He would moonlight in an emergency room as well as working in the lab.
G.Going for a walk，for example，gives you the chance to take a step back and see things differently.
11.______________　12.______________　13.______________　14.______________　15.______________
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过列举诺贝尔奖得主们关于工作与生活的观点，介绍了一些维持生活和工作平衡的方法。
B
F
E
C
G
11.B　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到获得诺贝尔奖是需要努力工作的，但维持工作和生活平衡并不容易，空格后提到诺贝尔获奖者维持生活和工作平衡的策略，空格处会提到获奖者的回答。选项B“他们的回答很有启发性”承上启下，符合语境。
12.F　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到花时间与家人和朋友在一起，空格后提到Brian Kobilka博士抽时间陪家人，空格处会提到工作量大的情况。选项F“除了在实验室工作外，他还会在急诊室兼职”符合语境。
13.E　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到晚上好好休息，睡个好觉，空格后提到睡眠与工作并不冲突，空格处会提到休息和工作的冲突关系。选项E“睡眠、锻炼和饮食都可能与长时间工作相冲突”符合语境。
14.C　【解析】 考查段落大意。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述了家庭、工作和睡眠都重要，不需要一直关注所有的内容，也不必把每件事都做得完美，可以在不同的时间有不同的关注点。选项C“关注生活的不同方面”能概括本段段落大意。
15.G　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到从工作中抽出一些时间能够让你从新方向看待问题，空格后提到长时间工作并不一定会产出高效率，空格处会提到放松的例子。选项G“例如，去散步，让你有机会退一步，以不同的方式看待事物”符合语境。

展开更多......

收起↑