资源简介

(共49张PPT)
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
单元词汇复现
attach；disappoint；float；limit；satellite；signal
Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe. They launch rockets carrying 1.______________. Many intelligent people around the globe are
determined to devote themselves to space exploration，even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them 2.______________. Besides，when living in space，the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later. For lack of gravity，their muscles
become weak. They have to tape everything up. Otherwise they would 3._____________ around. They also need to figure out a way to store sufficient food and oxygen. However，people’s desire to explore space never dies.China is the third country to send humans into space independently. This 4.______________ a giant leap forward for China. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money on space exploration，which is a shallow view. Our planet’s resources are 5.______________，and as a result，we should find a new home to provide for the ever-
increasing population. In closing，we 6.______________ great importance to solving the mystery about space and will carry on with space exploration regularly.
satellites
disappointed
float
signals
limited
attach
1. disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的 (disappoint vt.& vi.使失望 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n.失望；沮丧)
核心词汇多维讲练
(1)be disappointed at/with/by… 对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth
对做某事感到失望
(2)to one’s disappointment
令某人失望的是
意识到我对于他的到来很沮丧，他竭尽全力帮助我、照顾我。
Sensing that I was disappointed at/with/by his arrival，he did whatever he could to help me and care for me.
[单句语法填空]
(1)Although being monitored can be frustrating and ______________ (disappoint)，it turns out that this can actually be good for you.
(2)To their ________________ (disappoint)，they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.
→What made them ______________ (disappoint) was that they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(2021·新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ，读后续写之情绪描写)
[微写作·背诵]
(3)在被告知自动取款机仍然不能用后，Gunter长叹一声，他微妙的表情显示出一丝失望。
After being told that the cash machine still did not play along，Gunter let out a long sigh，with his subtle expression __________________________________.(2024·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ，读后续写之动作、神情描写)
disappointing
disappointment
disappointed
displaying a sign of disappointment
2. desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望 (desirable adj.可取的；值得做的)
(1)have a desire to do sth
渴望做某事
have a desire for sth
渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth
渴望某人做某事
desire that…(should) do…
渴望……
得知你有强烈的学好汉语的愿望，我写信来给你一些实用的建议。
Knowing that you have a strong desire/strongly desire to learn Chinese well，I am writing to offer you some practical suggestions.(应用文之建议信)
[单句语法填空]
(1)By my fourth year，my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire ______________ independence. (2024·北京，书面表达)
(2)We desire that such meaningful activities ______________ (hold) on a regular basis.
(3)She chatted for a few minutes about the qualities she considered ______________ (desire) in a secretary.
[微写作·背诵]
(4)由于我强烈渴望学习一种新技能，我向妈妈寻求帮助，在她的帮助下，我开始在暑假期间学习做饭。
________________________________________，I turned to my mother for help，with whose help I began to learn how to cook during the summer vacation.(2023·全国乙，应用文之投稿)
for
be held
desirable
As I had a strong desire to learn a new skill
3. lack n.缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏；缺少 (lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)
(1)(a) lack of 缺少……
for/through lack of
因缺少……
(2)be lacking in
在……方面缺乏
由于缺乏信心和经验，Jane完全不知如何应对这种糟糕的局面。
For lack of confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.
[单句语法填空]
(1)For lack ______________ sufficient oxygen，the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
(2)Though ______________ (lack) in cooking experience，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(2021·新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ，读后续写)
[微写作·背诵]
(3)一些学生可能会觉得与不熟悉的人一起练习不舒服，这可能会导致参与度降低，阻碍他们在课程中的进步。
Some students may feel uncomfortable practicing with someone they don’t know well，_______________________________________ and hinder their progress in the course.(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ，应用文之建议信)
of
lacking
which could result in a lack of participation
4. argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 (argument n.争论；争吵；论点；争辩)
(1)argue with sb about/over sth 因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue for/against (doing) sth 据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue that…(should) do sth
主张……
argue/talk/persuade sb into/out of doing sth
说服某人做/不做某事
(2)beyond argument 无可争论
根据上面的图表，65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲，而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语名著来提高英语水平。
Based on the above chart，65% of the students argue for enjoying English songs while 18% of the students argue that they can have their English level improved by reading English classics.(2022·全国乙，书面表达)
[单句语法填空]
(1)Because ______________ (argue) angrily leads to chaos，it was strongly discouraged. (2024·北京，阅读理解)
(2)I had intended to argue him ______________ accepting my opinion，but soon I realized it was no use ______________ (argue) with him about/over the issue，because he was too stubborn.
(3)As for school uniforms，some students argued for the uniforms，saying they promote equality.Others argued ______________ the idea，believing that uniforms limit personal expression.
(4)(人教选必二)Put more simply，while people continue to argue ______________ whether or not fatty food is dangerous，we already know that sugar is a killer.
(5)It is beyond ______________ (argue) that Chinese astronauts have made giant contributions to the world space exploration.
[微写作·背诵]
(6)在危机时刻，亲情是最强大的力量——这一点无可争议。
That family love is the most powerful force in times of crisis ___________________.(读后续写之主旨升华)
arguing
into
arguing
against
over/about
argument
is beyond argument
5. attach vt.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视 (attached adj.附加的；依恋的；爱慕的 attachment n.附件；附属品；依恋)
(1)attach…to…
把……附在……上；把……绑在……上
attach importance/significance/value/weight to…
认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量
(2)be attached to
喜欢；依恋；附属于
他拿出吊床，拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。
He took out the hammock，attached it to the trees and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music.(读后续写之动作链)
[单句语法填空]
(1)With time going by，Claire seemed to be more ______________ (attach) to Tony，the robot.
(2)She found a box lying on the table with a card attached ______________ it，saying “Happy birthday”.
(3)You can never attach too much importance to ______________ (read) during the process of learning a language.(应用文写作之建议信)
(4)Please find my application letter and resume in the ______________ (attach).
[微写作·背诵]
(5)如果您能抽出一些时间来查看此封电子邮件所附的草稿并作出必要的更改，我将不胜感激。
I would be grateful if you could spare some time to review the draft script ____________________ _____________ and make necessary changes.(应用文之求助信)
attached
to
reading
attachment
(which is) attached
to this email
6. result in导致；造成
(1)result from
由……导致；因……而产生
(2)as a result 所以；结果(是)
as a result of 由于……
without result
没有结果；徒劳地
(1)result in的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”。
(2)result from的主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”。
这家公司管理不善且缺乏创新，这逐渐导致其市场份额下降以及财务困难。
The company’s poor management and lack of innovation have gradually resulted in a decline in its market share and financial difficulties.
[单句语法填空]
(1)Misunderstandings ______________ (result) from lack of social communication and，if not handled properly，may result ______________ more serious problems. As ______________ result，we should master sufficient communicating skills.
(2)The differences between print and digital reading ______________ (result) are partly related to paper’s physical properties.(2024·新课标Ⅰ，阅读理解)
(3)As a result ______________ an English competition which I have to join in this weekend，I can’t go to the airport to pick you up.(应用文之道歉信)
[微写作·背诵]
(4)这次活动不仅将提供一个了解中国文化的机会，而且还会促成相互理解和友谊。
Not only will the activity provide an opportunity to learn about the Chinese culture，but also it will ____________________________________________.(2023·天津6月，书面表达)
resulting
in
a
results
of
result in mutual understanding and friendship
7. run out用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)
run out of
用光；用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追求
run into
撞上；遇上；偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)
run away 逃跑；逃离
在未来，爱护环境将变得很重要，因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。
In the future，caring for the environment will become very important as earth’s natural resources are running out.(应用文之发言稿)
[单句语法填空]
(1)…I decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running _____________ me!(2024·新课标Ⅰ，完形填空)
(2)Tom started to chase Jerry at the sight of him，so Jerry had to run _____________. Jerry was so nervous that he ran ______________ a tree accidentally after a few minutes. Finally，their strength ran ______________.　
[微写作·背诵]
(3)David的体力正在逐渐耗尽，但当他听到其他孩子发出的热烈欢呼声时，他便艰难地朝着终点线走去，满头大汗。
________________________________ but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he was plodding his way towards the finishing line，bathed in sweat.(2022·新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ，读后续写之动作描写)
after
away
into
out
David’s energy was running out
动名词短语作主语
(教材原句)Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.首先，太空探索已经在解决全球饥饿问题中发挥了重要作用。
核心句型多维运用
exploring space是动名词(短语)在句中作主语。单个动名词(短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上用复数。
doing作主语还有以下情况：
1.it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.做某事没用；It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间。
2.动名词的复合结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋doing作主语。
[语段填空]
1.__________________________________ (这个学生精通法语) helped him a lot in learning English.
2.In my opinion，_________________________________________ (玩电脑游戏是浪费时间).
3._______________________________ (他考试又不及格) made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.(读后续写之心理描写)
[微写作·背诵]
4.在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼儿。但是我知道感到害怕是没用的，找到走出森林的路才是我现在必须做的事情。
_________________________ made my heart in my mouth.But I knew that __________________ _________________ and _______________________________________ was what I must do right now.(读后续写之心理描写)
The student’s knowing French well
it is a waste of time playing computer games
His failing in the exam again
Being lost in the forest
it was no use
feeling frightened
finding my way out of the forest
　　最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场英语讨论。请你写一篇英语短文介绍讨论的情况，内容包括：1.同学们的不同观点；2.你的观点。
写作能力多维训练
应用文写作——太空探索
【完成句子】
1.人类一直渴望探索太空。(desire)
__________________________________________________________________________________
Humans have always had a strong desire to explore space.
2.最近，我们班的学生就太空是否值得探索展开了激烈的讨论。(argument； 宾语从句)
Recently，the students in our class have had an intense argument about whether it is worth exploring space.
3.30%的人认为太空探索不值得，认为太空离我们和我们的日常生活太远了。(argue that； 现在分词短语作状语)
30% of us argue that space exploration is not worthwhile，thinking space is too distant from us and our daily life.
4.我们在太空探索上花了太多钱，这些钱本可以被用来解决地球上的饥饿和污染等问题。(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句； 定语从句)
We have spent too much money on space exploration，which could otherwise have been used to solve problems such as starvation and pollution on Earth.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.70%的人重视太空探索，认为探索太空带来了很多好处，比如利用卫星进行通信和天气预报。(attach； result in； 动名词短语作主语)
70% attach importance to space exploration，believing that exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecasting.
6.随着地球上有限的能源逐渐耗尽，我们必须找到解决能源短缺问题的新方法。(with复合结构； run out)
With the limited resources gradually running out on Earth，we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
Humans have always had a strong desire to explore space. Recently，the students in our class have had an intense argument about whether it is worth exploring space.
30% of us argue that space exploration is not worthwhile，thinking space is too distant from us and our daily life.We have spent too much money on space exploration，which could otherwise have been used to solve problems such as starvation and pollution on Earth.On the other hand，70% attach importance to space exploration，believing that exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecasting.
As far as I am concerned，space exploration is worthy to be conducted.With the limited resources gradually running out on Earth，we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage. What’s more，further space research may open up the possibility of addressing the population problem by potentially enabling human migration to other planets in the future.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.to one’s shock/surprise/amazement/astonishment令人惊讶的是
2.wear a look of surprise on one’s face面带惊讶的表情
3.freeze/be numb with surprise/shock惊呆
4.a look of surprise spread over/flash across one’s face脸上闪过惊讶的表情
5.be too surprised to utter a word/be speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话
6.eyes widen in surprise/astonishment惊讶地睁大眼睛
7.one’s jaw drops/dropped瞠目结舌
8.stare at sb in amazement 惊奇地注视某人
9.go numb 呆若木鸡
10.a faint sound of surprise微弱的惊呼
11.give a cry of surprise 发出惊讶的叫声
12.gape at 目瞪口呆地看着
读后续写——情感细节描写：震惊、惊讶(一)
【语料积累】
【单句填空】
1.他们停下脚步，抬起头，惊奇地注视着他。
They stopped in their tracks，raised their head and ____________________________.
2.当他听我讲述完故事时，脸上闪过惊讶的表情。
____________________________________ as he listened to my story.(无灵主语句)
3.听到他去世的消息，我太过震惊，呆若木鸡。
At the the news of his death，I was so shocked that ____________________.
4.Rose惊呆了，好像扎根在地上一样。
Rose ____________________，as if rooted on the ground.(比喻句)
5.我惊愕地盯着他，喉咙里发出微弱的惊呼。
I stared at him in shock and _________________________________________.
stared at him in amazement
A look of surprise spread over his face
I went numb
froze with shock
a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat
【语篇填空】
The last leaf was still there，clinging to its stem against the wall. So amazed，so impressed，
Johnsy 1.______________________ (发出惊讶的叫声)，“It is still there!” 2.________________
_____________________ (听出她声音里的惊讶)，Sue leaned over，3._______________________
__________ (面带柔和的惊讶) on her face. She confirmed，“Indeed，it didn’t fall after such a violent storm，so never should you give up the hope of recovery!” 4._______________________ (目瞪口呆地看着最后一片树叶)，Johnsy felt a gleam of hope flaring up inside her heart，clear and dazzling.
gave a cry of surprise
Hearing the
surprise in her voice
wearing a soft look of
surprise
Gaping at the last leaf
课时作业
课时作业15　[必修第三册　Unit 4 Space Exploration]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
答案 C D B C B A C C A C B E F D G B
答案速对
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A★
体裁 题材 难度 建议用时 答案 得分
说明文 太空旅行对宇航员的影响 ★★ 7 min P43
　　During space missions，astronauts can experience a loss of some of the inner structural support in their bones. For trips in space lasting at least six months，that loss is equal to about 20 years of aging. Luckily，a new study finds a year back on Earth rebuilds half of the strength lost in the affected bone.
Exercise scientist Leigh Gabel was part of a team that tracked 17 astronauts，each of whom had spent four to seven months in space. The team measured the 3-D structure of bone. They focused on the structure of the tibia (胫骨) and the lower-arm bone. The researchers took images of the bones three times—before spaceflight and again six months and one year later when the astronauts returned home from space. From these pictures，Gabel’s team calculated an astronaut’s bone strength and density (密度) at each of those times.
What did they find through comparison of the pictures Astronauts in space for less than six months regained their preflight bone strength after a year back on Earth. But those who stayed in space longer suffered permanent bone loss in their tibias. That loss was equal to a decade of aging. The lower-arm bones showed almost no loss. That was likely because these aren’t weight-bearing bones on Earth，Gabel explains. In fact，those arms can get a bigger workout in space than on Earth as astronauts use them to move around their craft by pushing off handles and doors.
“Increasing weight-lifting exercises in space could help alleviate (缓解) bone loss in the legs，” says Steven Boyd，also an exercise scientist.
“With longer spaceflight，we can expect bigger bone loss—and probably a bigger problem with recovery，” says physiologist Laurence Vico. “Space agencies should also consider other bone health measures，such as nutrition，to reduce bone loss and increase bone formation.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了太空旅行对宇航员骨骼的影响。专家建议加强太空锻炼并采取营养措施以应对骨质流失问题。
(　　)1.Why did Gabel’s team take pictures at different times
A.To offer evidence for their predictions.
B.To show their respect for the astronauts.
C.To compare the changes in the astronauts’ bones.
D.To find out the proper length of staying in space for astronauts.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers took images of the bones three times…Gabel’s team calculated an astronaut’s bone strength and density (密度) at each of those times.”可知，研究人员对宇航员的骨骼进行了不同时间段的三次拍摄，进而对宇航员每个时间段的骨骼强度和密度进行计算；结合第三段中的“What did they find through comparison of the pictures ”可知，研究人员对这些图片进行比对来发现宇航员骨骼的变化。由此可知，研究团队选取不同时间段拍摄的照片是为了比较宇航员骨骼的变化。
C
(　　)2.Which of the following may Gabel agree with
A.A spaceflight in less than half a year does no harm to astronauts.
B.Astronauts coming back from a spaceflight look much older.
C.Astronauts can avoid bone loss through doing enough exercise.
D.There is almost no difference in the astronauts’ lower-arm bones.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The lower-arm bones showed almost no loss. That was likely because these aren’t weight-bearing bones on Earth，Gabel explains.”可知，Gabel应该同意“小臂骨几乎没有什么变化”这一观点。
D
(　　)3.What can we conclude from this text
A.People on Earth never suffer bone loss.
B.The finding of the new study is good news for astronauts.
C.The 17 astronauts knew the bone loss before their spaceflights.
D.Astronauts can regain their bone strength as soon as they return to Earth.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Luckily，a new study finds a year back on Earth rebuilds half of the strength lost in the affected bone.”可推知，一项新的研究发现，宇航员回到地球之后受影响的骨骼有所修复，因此这对宇航员来说应该是一个好消息。
B
B★
体裁 题材 难度 建议用时 答案 得分
议论文 对于宇宙的认知 ★★★ 8 min P43
　　The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation—a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately，this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can，instead，use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.
The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists，he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (经验主义的) experience fails to reveal reality，reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social，cultural and psychological histories. Again，a black box.
So，if we accept that the universe is unknowable，we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then，we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world，we build models based on conceptual metaphors that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era，we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s，we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics.
Now that we are in the information age，we have new concepts such as the computer，information processing，virtual reality，and simulation. Unsurprisingly，these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality，however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock，a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have，the more effective and insightful we can become.
It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models，developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知以及信息时代下作者对于宇宙争论的看法。
(　　)4.What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis
A.Make an assumption. B.Illustrate an argument.
C.Give a suggestion. D.Justify a comparison.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Searching the term ‘simulation hypothesis’ (模拟假说)…Unfortunately，this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can，instead，use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.”可推知，作者对于模拟假说表示质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识的发展。
C
(　　)5.What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Accepted by. B.Determined by.
C.Awakened by. D.Discovered by.
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“If empirical (经验主义的) experience fails to reveal reality，reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social，cultural and psychological histories. Again，a black box.”并结合常识可知，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史。contingent on意为“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。
B
(　　)6.As for Kant’s argument，the author is 　　　　.
A.appreciative B.doubtful
C.unconcerned D.disapproving
【解析】 观点态度题。根据第二段中的“Kant argued that…are unknowable”及第三段中的“So，if we accept that the universe is unknowable，we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation.”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述。由此可知，作者对康德的论点持赞成的态度。
A
(　　)7.It is implied in this passage that we should 　　　　.
A.compare the current models with the previous ones
B.continue exploring the classical models in history
C.stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation
D.turn simulations of the universe into realities up
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“There is no point in arguing…”及第五段的内容可推知，作者认为争论宇宙虚拟与否是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为虚拟的，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。
C
C★
体裁 题材 难度 建议用时 答案 得分
说明文 太空饮食 ★★★ 8 min P43
　　When you think about it，food is an important part of our lives. Family gatherings centre around food and the celebration of major life events and milestones involves food in one way or another. The same holds true for us here on the Space Station. Food is important and usually ends up being a topic of discussion for almost every crew.
The food that we have here on the International Space Station has to meet many different requirements. What about variety How do you meet all of the peculiarities of the people that you come across，especially when they are from different cultures What about the logistics (物流) of getting the right food here at the right time So there are a couple of different questions you have to consider when you talk about food and long-duration spaceflight.
On the US side we have gone to a standard menu，meaning that every 16 days you start over with the same menu. To compensate for the crews，we are allowed to pick one “preference” container which consists of our pick of anything on the US menu list. This allows us some variety in our menu，with the choices up to us. One of the desirable options for any crew is to make sure that enough tortillas (墨西哥薄饼) get on board. You can do so much with a tortilla； it becomes the vehicle with which to eat almost anything.
Our food also comes packaged in many ways. But no matter what the form of the food though，you still have the same problem eating it—you do not want it flying away from you and making a mess when you open it up. In this case a little bit of extra water is extremely helpful. It keeps the food kind of sticking together and to the package and to your spoon. Small things do escape from time to time，but we really try hard to minimise the random flying food problem. That is enough for now!Next time I will write about how to cook in space.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空饮食中食物的种类以及包装的相关内容。
(　　)8.What does the underlined word “peculiarities” mean in Paragraph 2
A.Ambitious targets.
B.Similar requests.
C.Unusual habits.
D.Extreme conditions.
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“The food that we have here on the International Space Station has to meet many different requirements.What about variety ”及后面的“the people that you come across，especially when they are from different cultures”可知，国际空间站中的宇航员拥有不同的文化背景，他们有不同的习惯，他们的习惯对别人而言可能是不寻常的。peculiarities意为“不寻常的习惯”，与unusual habits意思相近。
C
(　　)9.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning tortillas
A.To illustrate the preference container.
B.To give an example of standard menu.
C.To advocate tortillas to the readers.
D.To show the variety of food options.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To compensate for the crews，we are allowed to pick one ‘preference’ container which consists of our pick of anything on the US menu list.”及“One of the desirable options”可推知，作者提到墨西哥薄饼的用意是举例解释宇航员们的“偏好容器”。
A
(　　)10.What can be inferred about eating in space
A.Food packaging is optional.
B.Sufficient water helps transport food.
C.Flying food problem is unavoidable.
D.Eating in space is easier than most imagine.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Small things do escape from time to time，but we really try hard to minimise the random flying food problem.”可推知，食物乱飞的情况是无法完全避免的，只能尽量减少。
C
(　　)11.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A food magazine. B.An astronaut’s journal.
C.A sci-fi handbook. D.A space history website.
【解析】 文章类型题。根据第一段中的“The same holds true for us here on the Space Station.”及最后一段中的“Next time I will write about how to cook in space.”可知，本文以第一人称来陈述太空饮食方面的内容，因此本文应该是一篇出自宇航员的太空日志。
B
Ⅱ.七选五★
体裁 题材 难度 建议用时 答案 得分
说明文 探索火星的挑战 ★★ 7 min P43
　　Over the last 60 years，many spacecraft have flown by，orbited and even landed on Mars. But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines. Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration. 　12　 However，it is difficult to survive this adventure.
First，a roundtrip to Mars causes many extra health risks. For one thing，floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles. For another，it allows fluid to build up in the head. 　13　 Luckily，artificial gravity machines could help.
Then there’s space radiation to worry about. The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic (宇宙的) rays. Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems. 　14　 This increases the risk of developing the diseases. Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts.
　15　 Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth，scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars. Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe. A device on NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory.
Planning a trip to Mars isn’t just about keeping astronauts safe. 　16　 Humans are filled with microbes (微生物). And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars. As a result，a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类登陆火星的可能性和难点，包括健康风险、空间辐射、生存条件的建立以及保护火星环境等方面。
A.Exploring space always comes with risks.
B.It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts.
C.They can’t restock like astronauts on the space station do.
D.On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure.
E.That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars.
F.This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications.
G.Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges.
12.______________　13.______________　14.______________　15.______________　16.______________
E
F
D
G
B
12.E　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到登陆火星是重大里程碑，空格后提到在火星生存很艰难，空格处会解释人类为何登火，承接里程碑的积极意义。选项E“这就是为什么某些国家有兴趣将人类送往火星”承接上文，符合语境。
13.F　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“For another，it allows fluid to build up in the head.”可知，长时间在微重力环境下会导致头部积液，空格处应继续解释这种现象导致的健康后果。选项F“这可能会导致眼睛压力增加，并引起视力并发症”承接上文，符合语境。
14.D　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到宇宙射线可能增加癌症和其他健康问题的风险，空格后提到这种暴露增加了患病的风险，空格处会说明为何风险更高。选项D“在长途旅行中，宇航员将面临长时间暴露于辐射环境的风险”承上启下，符合语境。
15.G　【解析】 考查段落大意。根据下文可知，本段具体解释在火星定居地建立和生存将面临的许多具体的挑战。选项G“建立火星定居地和在其中生存将面临诸多挑战”能概括本段段落大意。
16.B　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据下文中的“Humans are filled with microbes (微生物). And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars.”可知，空格处要引出后文宇航员可能给火星带来的不好的影响。选项B“它还涉及保护火星免受宇航员的伤害”引出下文，符合语境。

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