资源简介

(共38张PPT)
1.形容词的用法
(1)修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语；
(2)在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语；
(3)表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语；
(4)在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。
2.副词的用法
(1)副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度；
(2)副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。
考点精讲一　形容词和副词的基本用法
1形容词的构词规则
(1)名词转换为形容词的规则
类别 例词
词尾加
-y cloud→cloudy、 luck→lucky、
health→healthy、 wind→windy、
salt→salty
词尾加
-(e)d gift→gifted、 talent→talented、
experience→experienced、
detail→detailed、 age→aged
类别 例词
词尾加
-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless、
care→careful/careless、
help→helpful/helpless、
harm→harmful/harmless、
colour→colourful/colourless、
use→useful/useless、
thank→thankful/thankless
词尾加
-able comfort→comfortable、
knowledge→knowledgeable、
remark→remarkable、
fashion→fashionable、
reason→reasonable 　
类别 例词
词尾加
-ous danger→dangerous、
courage→courageous、
humor→humorous
词尾变
-ce为-t absence→absent、 confidence→confident、
difference→different、
elegance→elegant、
persistence→persistent、
significance→significant
词尾
加-al music→musical、 person→personal、
nation→national、
education→educational、
tradition→traditional、
profession→professional
类别 例词
词尾
去-e加
-al或-ial agriculture→agricultural、
culture→cultural、 globe→global、
universe→universal、 virtue→virtual、
commerce→commercial、
finance→financial
词尾加
-ly friend→friendly、 week→weekly、
love→lovely
词尾加
-en wood→wooden、 wool→woolen
词尾去-e
或-y加
-etic/-ic athlete→athletic、 energy→energetic、
scene→scenic、 economy→economic、
history→historic
其他
常见
变化 habit→habitual、 fool→foolish、
pleasure→pleasant/pleased、
science→scientific、 medicine→medical、
day→daily、 influence→influential、
south→southern
【注意】以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如sun→sunny、 fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如noise→noisy、 ice→icy、 taste→tasty等。
(2)动词转换为形容词的规则
类别 例词
词前加
-a live→alive、 wake→awake、 sleep→asleep
词尾加
-ed/-d excite→excited、 educate→educated、
relax→relaxed、 challenge→challenged、
crowd→crowded、 balance→balanced
词尾
(去e)加
-ing surprise→surprising、
convince→convincing、
frighten→frightening、
appeal→appealing、 reward→rewarding、 invite→inviting
类别 例词
词尾
(去e)加
-able accept→acceptable、
respect→respectable、 enjoy→enjoyable、
adjust→adjustable、 afford→affordable、
bear→bearable、 suit→suitable、
recognize→recognizable 　
词尾
(去e)加
-ive/-ative/
-itive act→active、 attract→attractive、
compare→comparative、
compete→competitive、 create→creative、
impress→impressive、 relate→relative、
select→selective
2形容词变副词的规则
类别 例词
一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly quick→quickly、
anxious→anxiously
以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly immediate→immediately、
polite→politely、
true→truly
以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y possible→possibly、
probable→probably
以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly happy→happily、
healthy→healthily
以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally economic→economically、
basic→basically
以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y full→fully、 dull→dully
【注意】下面这两个单词是特殊的形式：whole→wholly； public→publicly。
3常见的以-ly结尾的形容词
(1)表示时间的形容词：hourly (每小时的)、 daily (每天的)、 weekly (每周的)、 monthly (每月的)、 yearly (每年的)、 timely (及时的；适时的)。
(2)表示人的形容词：manly (有男子气概的)、 womanly (女性特有的)、 motherly (慈母般的)、 fatherly (慈父般的)。
(3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词：lovely (可爱的)、 friendly (友好的)、 ugly (难看的)、 lively (活泼的)、 lonely (孤独的)、 unfriendly (不友好的)、 kindly (亲切的)、 sickly (多病的)、 elderly (年长的)。
(4)表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词：likely (可能的)、 orderly (整齐的)、 deadly (致命的)、 chilly (寒冷的)、 disorderly (乱七八糟的)、 unlikely (不大可能发生的)。
4如何区分-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词
(1)以-ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”。
(2)以-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，也可以修饰事物，多修饰smile (微笑)、 appearance (外貌)、 face (面部表情)、 voice (声音)、 look (表情)、 expression (表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
5常考的连接性副词
though (然而；可是)、 meanwhile (在此期间)、 therefore/thus/consequently/accordingly (因此；所以)、 moreover/furthermore (而且；此外)、 besides (而且；另外；还有)、 however (然而)、 instead (相反；代替)、 anyway/anyhow (尽管；即使这样)、 otherwise (否则)。
The young man couldn’t afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
The house was too expensive and too big. Besides，I’d grown fond of our little rented house. 这个房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了。
【对点练习】
1.The old people there were talkative and they told us their ______________ (person) stories cheerfully.
2.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______________ (interest) in his lectures.
3.I’ll never forget the ______________ (amaze) trip I had in Beijing，China and I hope to go there next time with my friends.
4.Hans Zhang was ______________ (pride) of himself for not giving up.
5.In the study，GBS was used to provide a ______________ (high) efficient way of demonstrating quantum computational speedup in solving some tasks.
6.The title will be ______________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
7.______________ (lucky)，he also has a cow which produces milk every day.
8.I am ______________ (terrible) sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you at the appointed time.
personal
interested
amazing
proud
highly
officially
Luckily
terribly
1.变化规律
(1)形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est；
(2)以e结尾的直接加-r或-st；
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；
(4)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er或-est；
(5)多音节词前面加more或most。
2.常见用法
(1)两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级；
(2)比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much、 a little、 a bit、 even、 far、 still 等词修饰；
考点精讲二　形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
(3)“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”；
(4)“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”表示“越……，就越……”。
3.倍数表达法
(1)A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B
(2)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B
(3)A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size、 length、 height、 weight等)＋of＋B
1少数以-er、 -ow、 -y或-le结尾的双音节词，可以加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。
clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
easy→easier→easiest
simple→simpler→simplest
2有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。
right (正确的)、 wrong (错误的)、 possible (可能的)、 empty (空的)、 first (第一的)、 wooden (木制的)、 final (最后的)、 east (东方的)、 last (最后的)等。
3有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。
good/well→better→best
bad/ill→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
far→farther→farthest (指具体空间上)
far→further→furthest (指抽象程度上)
4比较级的基本用法
(1)同级比较
①“as＋adj./adv.原级＋as…”意为“和……一样”；“not as/so＋adj./adv.原级＋as…”意为“不如……”。
Since people are fond of humour，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.
因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。
②当as…as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as…
as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as…
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as…
I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.
今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从未有过像今天这样疲惫的一天了。
(2)比较级比较
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。
I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.
我比其他任何人都更了解我姐姐。一旦她下定决心，就没有什么能够改变它。
5比较级的特殊用法
(1)“more＋原级＋than＋原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。
The girl was more frightened than hurt.
与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。
(2)“more than＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。
The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。
(3)形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。
Of the two sisters，Mary is the cleverer.
这两姐妹中，Mary更聪明。
6比较级形式表示最高级含义
在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。
(1)比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数
(2)比较级＋than＋the other＋可数名词复数
(3)比较级＋than＋anyone/anything else
(4)比较级＋than＋any of the other＋可数名词复数　
(5)否定词＋比较级
China is the largest country in Asia.That is，it is larger than any other country/the other countries in Asia.
中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。
No man is better than you in the world.
世上没有人比你更好(世界上你最好)。
She is taller than any of the other girls in her class.
她比她班上其他任何一个女孩都高(她是班上最高的女生)。
7最高级的基本用法
(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语
She is the most active student in our class.
她是我们班最活跃的学生。
(2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.
=Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。
(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词
Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界第二大洲。
【对点练习】
1.The ______________ (much) we do for those in need，the happier we’ll be.
2.Road safety has aroused ______________ (wide) attention of the public than before.
3.During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century，Beijing Opera finally formed and became the ______________ (big) of all operas in China.
4.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times ______________ (fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.
5.I have seldom seen my mother ______________ pleased with my progress as she is now.
more
wider
biggest
faster
as/so
1.As the small boat moved ______________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
2.When the house was built，it was much ______________ (small) than it is today.(2021·浙江6月卷)
3.Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，______________ (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
4.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ___________ (fine) work，so that he could choose the best.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
gently
smaller
tasty
finest
课时作业
答案速对
语法速测3　[名词、数词、形容词和副词]
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
答案 见答案 见答案
1.Last October， while tending her garden in Mora， Sweden， Lena P hlsson pulled out a handful of small ____________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
2.Handle the most important tasks first， and you’ll feel a real sense of ____________ (achieve).
3.Although he researches cloning， his ____________ (intend) has never been to create copies of humans.
4.In the early ____________ (fifty)， researchers found that people scored higher on intelligence tests if they spoke more than one language.
5.She is the ____________ (twelve) tutor， who has come to look after his children since their mother died.
层级一　基础达标练
Ⅰ.考点分层演练
carrots
achievement
intention
fifties
twelfth
6.The old man goes to the park every ____________ (three) day， jogging with his fellows.
7.But the successful test drilling for fire ice does not mean it can be extracted for ____________ (industry) use.
8.The world’s population is increasing at a ____________ (surprise) rate and our environment is facing great pressure.
9.Nowadays it’s the second ____________ (large) city in Bulgaria and it’s a significant economic， educational and cultural center.
10.Huizhou is famous for its stone， wood and brick carvings， which are ____________ (wide) used in the decoration of local houses.
third
industrial
surprising
largest
widely
1.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures， and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ____________ (six) century， B.C.Yet， the form of the fable still has values today， as Rachel Carson says in A Fable for Tomorrow.(2023·全国甲卷)
2.____________ (difference) from traditional fables， Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.(2023·全国甲卷)
3.You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘____________ (guide)’ till they lose…(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)
4.Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces， the beauty in the ____________ (strategy) placement of the pieces， and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings， sculptures， ____________ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)
5.No matter where I buy them， one steamer is ____________ (rare) enough， yet two seems greedy， and so I am always left wanting more next time.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
层级二　高考真题练
sixth
Different
guidance
strategic
digitally
rarely
6.The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live， thanks to the ____________ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky ____________ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
7.They also need to be ready to give ____________ (interview) in English with international journalists.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
8.So， what are they learning ____________ (basic)， how to describe a panda’s life.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
9.The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ____________ (function) structure that is also beautiful.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
10.Soon after moving to Switzerland， I threw a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____________ (exact) on time.(2023·北京卷)
absence
afternoons
interviews
Basically
functional
exactly
For thousands of years， Chinese people 1.____________ (high) value the large family with three， four， or even five 2.______________ (generation) living under the same roof. In this way of life， the older generation can enjoy a happy and easy late life with their children， grandchildren or great-grandchildren growing up beside them and keeping them from being lonely.
However， as society advances and people enjoy a more 3.____________ (comfort) life， the big families begin to break up. Along with the 4.____________ (grow) of so-called “empty nesters”， which means the young birds have flown away and only the elderly are left alone， young parents are living with their own nuclear 5.____________ (family). It goes without saying that the collapse of big families and the 6.____________ (popular) of smaller ones are the result of our times.
层级三　语篇提能练
highly
generations
comfortable
growth
families
popularity
It is a time when people think highly of individual 7.____________ (free) and happiness. Young people like to have a space all alone to themselves， which helps avoid 8.____________ (conflict) caused by different living habits from their parents. It’s also a time when problems of old age and childcare have been gradually socialized. Senior citizens can live together and be well taken care of by specialized nurses. Therefore， there is every reason to believe that this trend of families in 9.____________ (reduce) size is agreeable to our times. To create a brighter future， we should do our best to build our society into one in which every member lives 10.___________ (healthy) and harmoniously.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大家庭的瓦解和小家庭的流行的现象的原因。
freedom
conflicts
reduced
healthily
1.highly　【解析】 考查副词。此处修饰动词value，需用副词形式highly，故填 highly。
2.generations　【解析】 考查名词复数。“three， four， or even five”后接可数名词复数，故填 generations。
3.comfortable　【解析】 考查形容词。此处修饰名词life，需用形容词形式，故填 comfortable。
4.growth　【解析】 考查名词。此处为“the+名词+of” 结构，应用grow的名词形式，故填 growth。
5.families　【解析】 考查名词复数。根据上文中的“young parents”可知，family也应用复数形式，故填 families。
6.popularity　【解析】 考查名词。此处为“the + 名词 + of” 结构，应用popular的名词形式，故填 popularity。
7.freedom　【解析】 考查名词。根据空格前的“individual”可知，此处应填free的名词形式，故填 freedom。
8.conflicts　【解析】 考查名词复数。conflict是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式，故
填 conflicts。
9.reduced　【解析】 考查形容词。此处修饰名词size，应填reduce的形容词形式reduced，意为
“减少的”。
10.healthily　【解析】 考查副词。此处修饰动词lives，应用healthy的副词形式，故填 healthily。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.形容词的名词化表达
某些形容词可以用“be of+抽象名词”表达。例如be important=be of importance、 be beneficial=be of benefit、 be valuable=be of value、 be helpful=be of help、 be useful=be of use。
(2023·天津6月卷)作为一名来自中国的交换生，我认为不同国家之间的文化交流是非常重要的。
As an exchange student from China， I believe that cultural exchange between different countries is of great importance.
(2022·全国甲卷)说到海洋，它对世界非常重要，然而，它的污染正变得越来越严重。
When it comes to the ocean， it’s of great importance to the world； however， its pollution is becoming more and more serious.
Ⅱ.语法链接写作
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.副词的名词化表达
某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词+名词”短语表达。例如angrily=with anger、 anxiously=with anxiety、 curiously=with curiosity、 comfortably=in comfort、 peacefully=in peace、 hurriedly=in a hurry、 joyfully=with joy。
(2022·浙江1月卷)Henderson博士很高兴看到我们完成的项目并满意地对我们说：“一个人可以走得很远，但一群人可以走得更远。”
Dr Henderson was very glad to see our completed project and said to us with satisfaction， “One person can go far， but a group of persons can travel farther.”
(2023·浙江1月卷)上周末，我怀着好奇心参加了学生会组织的一场“认识我们身边的植物”活动。
Last weekend， I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organised by our Student Council with curiosity.

展开更多......

收起↑