资源简介

(共38张PPT)
1.表示方位的介词
across 指从较为平坦的表面穿过 through 指从立体的事物中间穿过
to 到某处；去某处 from 从……
under 在……下面(无接触面) beneath 在……下面(有接触面)
in 在……里面 into 到……里面
over 在……正上方(无接触面) on 在……上面(有接触面)
out of 向/在……外面 beyond 在/向……较远的一边；超出
around 在/向……周围 beside 在……旁边
2.表示时间的介词
on 指在具体的某一天
at 用在几点钟或night/noon之前
until 直到……时候
for 表示延续一段时间
in 用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”
before 在……之前
during 在……期间
over 表示“在……期间”，表延续
3.表示原因的介词
for 表示原因，后面可以跟名词(词组)或动名词
at/over 用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面跟代词或名词(词组)
with 用在表示情绪的名词之前
because of/owing to/due to/thanks to 之后不跟陈述句，跟名词(短语)/名词性从句
4.其他重要介词
between 两者之间 among 在三者(或三者以上)中
for 支持 besides 除此之外(还)
against 反对 within 在……范围之内
by 借助/通过……；被…… except 同类事物除外
despite 尽管(=in spite of) except for 与整体陈述相对的细节修补
1介词的省略
(1)当表示时间的词前有this、 that、 next、 last、 every、 each、 some、 any、 all等时，介词常省略。
We watched an exciting football match last week.
上周我们观看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
Come any day you like.你想哪天来就哪天来。
(2)表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时，其前不用介词。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
每天一个苹果，医生远离我。
(3)一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略，常见的此类搭配有spend some time (in) doing sth、 waste some time (in) doing sth、 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth、 be busy (in) doing sth、 stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。
Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty (in) waking him up.
Frank坚持说自己没有睡觉，虽然我费了好大劲叫醒他。
2介词不可省略的情况
(1)在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能省略。
The children have been taken good care of in the kindergarten.
这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。
(2)当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。
The problem is well worth paying attention to.
这个问题很值得关注。
(3)在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。
The library which we often go to is not far away from our school.
我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。
3介词短语
(1)介词与名词构成的搭配：
①at＋名词
at a loss不知所措
at the cost of以……的代价
at peace处于和平状态；安息
at the risk of冒……的危险
at war处于战争状态
at the mercy of在……支配下；由……摆布
at the same time同时
②on＋名词
on exhibition/show/display在展出
on account of因为
on fire着火
on average平均；一般地
on sale出售；打折
on behalf of代表
on no account/condition决不
on the decrease/increase在减少/在增加
on holiday/vacation在度假
③by＋名词
by accident/chance偶然地
by hand手工
by mistake错误地
by the day按天算
by coincidence碰巧
by nature天生地
④in＋名词
in cash用现金付款
in charge of掌管
in depth在深度上
in return作为回报
in detail详细地
in danger (of) 在危险中；垂危
in height在高度上
in spite of尽管
in length在长度上
in exchange for作为交换
in favor of支持；赞成
in no time立刻
in case of万一；如果；假使
in no way决不
in support of为支持……
in place of代替
in honour of为向……表示敬意
in possession of拥有；占有
in memory of为了纪念……
in addition to另外
⑤of＋名词
of benefit有益处的
of significance有意义的
of help有帮助的
of use有用的
of importance重要的
of value有价值的
⑥out of＋名词
out of balance失去平衡
out of order发生故障
out of breath上气不接下气
out of sight看不见
out of control失去控制
out of the question不可能
out of date过期
out of work失业
out of touch失去联系
⑦under＋名词
under attack遭到袭击
under treatment在治疗中
under pressure在压力下
under control处于控制之中
under repair在修理中
under discussion在讨论中
⑧with＋名词
with delight/joy高兴地
with fear害怕地
with difficulty困难地
with pleasure乐意地
with ease轻而易举地
⑨beyond＋名词
beyond compare无与伦比
beyond description难以描述
beyond reach够不到
beyond expression/words难以表达
(2)形容词与介词构成的搭配：
①be＋adj.＋about
be anxious about为……忧虑
be curious about对……好奇
be particular about对……讲究/挑剔
be worried/concerned about对……担心
②be＋adj.＋at
be angry at因/对……生气
be good at擅长……
be astonished at对……吃惊
be present at出席
③be＋adj.＋in
be absorbed in专注于……
be active in积极于……
be dressed in穿着……
be engaged in忙于；从事于……
be rich in富含……
be occupied in忙于……
④be＋adj.＋for
be eager for渴望……
be famous for因……著名
be fit for适合；胜任……
be ready for准备好……
be sorry for对……感到抱歉
be prepared for为……做好准备
⑤be＋adj.＋from
be absent from缺席
be different from不同于……
be far from远离……
be free from不受……影响
⑥be＋adj.＋to
be close to接近……
be devoted to致力于……
be equal to等于……；胜任……
be familiar to对……熟悉
be friendly to对……和善
be harmful to对……有害
be kind to对……友好
be similar to与……相似
be grateful to对……心存感激
⑦be＋adj.＋of
be aware of意识到……
be fond of喜欢……
be proud of因……而自豪
be short of缺乏……
be critical of对……挑剔
⑧be＋adj.＋with
be busy with忙于……
be familiar with熟悉……
be combined with与……结合
be patient with对……有耐心
be popular with受……欢迎
be pleased with对……感到满意
be angry with (sb) 对(某人)生气
(3)介词与其他词构成的搭配：
but for要不是
instead of代替
regardless of不管；不顾
apart from除……之外
up to直到；由……决定
according to根据……
along with随着……
together with连同……
by means of用……办法；借助……
owing to因为……
(4)动词与介词构成的搭配：
①动词＋sb＋of＋sth
accuse sb of sth指责/控告某人某事
cure sb of sth治好某人的某种疾病
rid sb of sth使某人摆脱某物
cheat sb of sth骗走某人某物
remind sb of sth使某人想起某事
inform sb of sth通知某人某事
rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物
warn sb of sth警告某人某事
convince sb of sth使某人确信某事
suspect sb of sth怀疑某人某事
③动词＋sb/sth＋from＋(doing) sth
prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing sth
阻止……做某事
protect/preserve/defend/shelter sb/sth from being done保护……免于被……
ban/prohibit sb/sth from doing sth
禁止……做某事
④其他常考的动词与介词的搭配：
account for 占……(比例)；解释……(原因)
act as 充当；起作用
break away from 脱离；逃离
bring about 引起；导致；造成
call for (去)接；需要；(公开)要求
carry out 履行；实施；执行
carry through 帮助……渡过难关；成功完成
come across (偶然)遇见；碰见；发现
come to an end 终止；结束
come up with 提出
do harm to 对……有害
do without 没有……也行
end up with 以……结束
get across 被传达；被理解；把……讲清楚
get around 传播；流传；各处走动
get down to
开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事
get over 解决；克服；控制
get rid of 扔掉；丢弃；摆脱
get through
正式通过；(用电话)接通，联系上；顺利通过(考试等)
give rise to使发生
give way to屈服；退让；让步
go against违反；与……不符
go in for参加考试(或竞赛)；对某事物有兴趣
go through经历
keep in touch with与……保持联系
look down on/upon轻视；瞧不起
look into调查；审查
make the best of充分利用；尽力而为
be made up of由……组成
put up with忍受；容忍
see through看穿；识破
see to照料；处理
set about着手做
show around/round领(某人)参观
show off炫耀；展示
take in吸入；理解；领会
take on承担；呈现；具有
work out计算出；制定出
【对点练习】
1.She patted him ____________ the head and said，“My little boy，do you feel more comfortable now than before ”
2.If you could exchange lives ____________ someone for a short time，would you like to do that
3.As a result，he spends his life in a wheelchair and cannot write ____________ means of a pen or pencil.
4.Although it has been a struggle for him to finish the experiment，John enjoyed the result ____________ satisfaction.
5.Many times we don’t realize how routine our lives have become and how much we take them ____________ granted until we find ourselves in a new situation.
6.The teacher paused ____________ purpose to remind the students to stop talking.
on
with
by
with
for
on
1.The study found that between 1985 and 2017，average rural BMI increased ____________ 2.1 in women and men. In cities，however，the gain was 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.(2021·浙江1月卷)
2.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility ____________ saving their environment.(2023·全国甲卷)
3.Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ____________，through agriculture.(2020·浙江7月卷)
by
for
in
课时作业
答案速对
语法速测4　[冠词、代词和介词]
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
答案 见答案 见答案
1.—We had a really damp September this year.
—I can’t remember ____________ autumn when it rained so much.
2.But she quickly realized that it was probably because of the fact that she sat in ____________ last row.
3.Among ____________ “four new great inventions”，online shopping was invented and pioneered by Michael Aldrich in the U.K.in 1979.
4.“As soon as he opens ____________ (he) mouth and sings in Chinese，the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，” said his music teacher.
5.But it’s difficult for me to decide what activities we should organize and how to plan ____________ (they).
层级一　基础达标练
Ⅰ.考点分层演练
an
the
the
his
them
6.I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after ____________ (I) and live independently.
7.When they are older than three years old， ____________ is easier for girls to catch colds than boys.
8.This young man likes travelling—he is always ____________ the move.
9.It means that we cannot use some modern household items， ____________ washing machines because they use too much water.
myself
it
on
like
1.Go is one of ____________ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games.(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)
2.A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ____________ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side.(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)
3.Nothing in my life before prepared me ____________ this one—and to be sure， the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area.(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
4.Over time， I’ve found ____________ (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process， I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times.(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
5.In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City， the Summer Palace， and the Temple of Heaven， the hutongs reflect ____________ culture of grassroots Beijingers.(2023·浙江1月卷)
6.Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____________ capital of China， almost every hutong has its stories…(2023·浙江1月卷)
层级二　高考真题练
the
by
for
myself
the
as
7.From Buddhist temples to museums， narrow hutong ____________ royal palaces， it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout…(2023·全国乙卷)
8.There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup， and the wrappers are pressed ____________ hand rather than rolled.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
9.The meat should be fresh with ____________ touch of sweetness， and the soup hot，clear and delicious.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
to
by
a
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens.This beautiful structure， named Glasshouse， is at 1.____________ centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even 2. ____________ modern times.
3. ____________ latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made 4. _________ glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 5. ____________ cold weather， the structure stays closed to protect the plants.
Further， the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road， 6. ____________ which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 7. ____________ first time.These plants included modern Western favourites
层级三　语篇提能练
the
in
The
of
In
by
the
such as rosemary， lavender and fennel. 8. ____________ garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see， too.
The Glasshouse stands 9. ____________ a great achievement in contemporary design， to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from 10. ____________ (they) native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
The
as
their
1.在抽象名词具体化时，使用不定冠词使文章更加生动简洁
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)我们一边摘苹果，一边吃苹果。真是一件乐事啊!
We picked apples while having a good taste of them. What a pleasure!
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)因为被内容所吸引，阅读Youth成为我每天必须做的一件事。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.语法链接写作
Because I am attracted by the contents， reading Youth becomes a must for me every day.
2.使用it作形式主语可以丰富文章句式
(2022·全国乙卷)学生自身迫切需要提高自律能力，家长和老师也迫切需要加强指导。
It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline，and it’s also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)得知我获得了一等奖，三天后将举行颁奖典礼，我感到很兴奋。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was exciting to learn that I had gained first prize and an award ceremony would be held in three days.
3.使用it 作形式宾语可以使句子亮点更多
(2022·浙江1月卷)我认为说服他接受我的观点是不可能的，所以我不想浪费我们的时间来讨论。
I thought it impossible to persuade him into accepting my views， so I didn’t want to waste our time discussing.
(2021·全国乙卷)虽然在线学习让人们获得知识更容易了，但对于缺乏自律的人来说，在线学习也是一个挑战。
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Although online learning makes it easier for people to gain knowledge， being online is also a challenge for people who lack self-discipline.
4.用介词短语代替简单的状语从句
(2022·全国乙卷)由于他们缺乏自律，他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏。
Because of their lack of self-discipline， they’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games.
(2023·全国乙卷)最终，由于我的坚持和艰苦的努力，我可以自由、独立地滑冰了。
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Eventually， because of my persistence and painstaking efforts， I could skate freely all by myself.

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