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(共61张PPT)
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)和动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。
考点精讲一　非谓语动词的形式及句法功能
种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语
不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √
进行式 to be doing ×
完成式 to have done to have been done
动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ ×
完成式 having done having been done
分
词 现在
分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √
完成式 having done having been done
过去
分词 一般式 done (vi.)
表完成 done (vt.)
表被动与完成 × × √ √ √ √
Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
听别人对你刚读过的这本书作何反应会带来额外的乐趣。
It’s time I got down to thinking about that essay.
我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
Asked what had happened，he lowered his head.
问他发生了什么事的时候，他低下了头。
Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.
Tom乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
Having been ignored for a long time，the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.
因长时间被忽视，坐在后面的那个男孩感到枯燥并出去了。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题需要解决。
Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer.
人们一致认为Charles Babbage发明了第一台计算机。
【对点练习】
1.Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ______________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.(2021·全国乙卷)
2.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______________ (carry) out the next year.
3.Not ____________________ (complete) the programme，they have to stay there for another two weeks.
4.The bank is reported in the local newspaper ________________________ (rob) in broad daylight yesterday.
5.This problem is far from ______________ (settle)，so it has to be discussed again at tomorrow’s meeting.
to have
carried
having completed
to have been robbed
being settled
1非谓语动词作主语
(1)不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。
When drinking tea，playing chess，reading or writing，to light an incense stick can help calm the nerves and concentrate the mind.
在喝茶、下棋、阅读或写作时，点一根香可以帮助镇静神经、集中精力。
It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here.(2022·全国甲卷)
很难说出一位没有在这里登台演出的喜剧明星的名字。
考点精讲二　非谓语动词作主语、表语和宾语
【注意】在“it is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb to do sth”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind、 nice、 foolish等，且sb与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It was important for us to live a low-carbon life.过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
(2)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用it作形式主语。
Playing with fire is dangerous.
玩火是很危险的。
【注意】下面句型中常用动名词作主语：It is/was a waste (of…)/no use/no good doing sth.
It is no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。
It is no good coming before that.
在那之前来没有用。
2非谓语动词作表语
(1)不定式作表语，多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。
My dream is to enter Peking University.
我的梦想是考入北京大学。
My job is to clean the rooms every day.
我的工作是每天打扫房间。
(2)动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.
我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
(3)现在分词、过去分词也可以作表语，现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”；而过去分词作表语意为“(人)感到……的”。
It’s well-known that a tiger looks very frightening.众所周知，老虎看起来令人很害怕。
We were moved at the news that he had died for the motherland.
听到他为国捐躯的消息，我们都很感动。
3非谓语动词作宾语
(1)不定式作宾语
①常跟不定式作宾语的动词：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine、 learn、 want、
expect/hope/wish、 refuse、
manage、 volunteer、 pretend
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer、 promise、 choose、 plan、 agree、 ask/beg、 help
My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。
We agreed to meet at the school gate.
我们一致同意在校门口见面。
②动词tell、 show、 understand、 know、 explain、 teach、 learn、 advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
Please tell me when to start the project.
请告诉我何时开始这个项目。
③在某些动词如find、 think、 consider、 feel、 make、 believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it our duty to protect the environment.
我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
(2)动名词作宾语
①常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider、 suggest/advise、 look forward to、 excuse/pardon、 admit、 delay/put off、 fancy
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid、 miss、 go on/keep on、 practise、 deny、 finish、 enjoy/
appreciate
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃避 forbid、 imagine、 risk、 can’t help、 mind、 allow/permit、 escape
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。
My mother couldn’t help smiling when she heard the good news.
听到这个好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑了起来。
②介词后要跟动名词作宾语，但是介词but后跟不定式作宾语。
Last year，our city prepared abundant flowers for decorating streets and welcoming guests.
去年，我们的城市准备了大量鲜花用于装饰街道和迎接宾客。
After eating in her restaurant people would become tired very quickly.
人们在她的餐馆里吃过饭以后，很快就会感到疲乏。
They had no choice but to wait here.
他们别无选择只有在这儿等待。
③由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于)、 feel like (想要)、 insist on (坚持)、 get down to (开始)、 devote…to…(致力于……)、 object to (反对)、 stick to (坚持)、 give up (放弃)等。
With many reference materials in hand，he got down to writing his graduation thesis.
手头有许多参考资料，他便开始写毕业论文了。
4在need、 want、 require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。
My bike needs to be repaired.
=My bike needs repairing.我的自行车需要修理。
【对点练习】
1.It is possible ______________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.(2021·全国甲卷)
2.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become _____________ (educate) about the areas…(2021·全国乙卷)
3.It is widely believed that ______________ (form) a good habit will benefit us all our lives.
4.When Peter speaks in public，he always has trouble ______________ (think) of the right things to say.
5.We paced around to avoid ______________ (get) frostbite (冻伤) as the temperature stayed close to -30℃ and our drill batteries became too cold to work.
6.The experts all agree that the present economic situation is ______________ (encourage).
to walk
educated
forming
thinking
getting
encouraging
1不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来的、被动的动作。
You are supposed to take this opportunity to realize your dream.
你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his neighbour.
他没有钢笔写字，不得不从邻居那儿借了一支。
考点精讲三　非谓语动词作定语
(3)被修饰的词被序数词、最高级、the last、the only等修饰且与不定式有主动关系，多用不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有ability、 chance、 idea、 hope、 wish、 fact、 excuse、 promise、 attempt、 way等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
2分词作定语
(1)及物动词的分词形式作定语
作定语的及物动词的分词形式有现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。
The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.
公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动)
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行)
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员们能在今年夏季的赛事中为我们赢得荣誉。(被动、完成)
(2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语
作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves正在落下的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves落叶(表完成)
3动名词作定语
动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。
a walking stick 拐杖
a reading room 阅览室
a sleeping car 卧铺车
【对点练习】
1.The matter ___________________ (discuss) now is so important that it will attract everyone’s attention.
2.Having a large family ______________ (support)，he took up two part-time jobs in his spare time.
3.Earth Day，______________ (mark) on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
4.Actually，it is quite normal for an average person ______________ (live) in a city to see thousands of ads every single day.
being discussed
to support
marked
living
1不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语
不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。
To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard.为了通过高考，我们必须努力学习。
The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。
(2)作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to (不料……)、 enough to (足够……)、 too…to…(太……而不能……)、 so/such…as to…(如此……以至于……)等。
Tom hurried back only to find that his mother had left.
Tom匆忙赶回来，结果却发现他的母亲已经离开了。
He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problem.他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。
I’m too tired to stay up any longer.
我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
考点精讲四　非谓语动词作状语
(3)作原因状语
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有sorry、 surprised、 disappointed、 excited、 glad、 happy、 anxious、 delighted、 pleased、 foolish等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
我们吃惊地发现，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
【注意】还有一类形容词如easy、 difficult、 hard、 cheap、 expensive、 fit、 comfortable、 dangerous、 good、 important、 impossible、 heavy等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，主语和不定式构成被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.
早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
This book is difficult to understand.
这本书很难理解。
2分词作状语
分词包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。
(1)作时间状语相当于when、 while、 before、 since、 as引导的时间状语从句。
Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
=When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different word order.
当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。
(2)作原因状语相当于because、 since和as引导的原因状语从句。
①Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.
=Because he didn’t understand this problem，he asked the teacher about it.
因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。
②Being ill，she didn’t go to school.
=Since she was ill，she didn’t go to school.
因为生病了，她没去上学。
(3)作条件状语相当于if、 unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.
=If I’m given another hour，I can also work out the problem.
如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。
(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。
More highways have been built in China，(thus)making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
(5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的、次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。
One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
=One evening Harry phoned me，and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
一天晚上Harry给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。
(6)作让步状语相当于though、 although、 even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.
=Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.
虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。
【注意】某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lost(迷路的)、 seated(坐着的)、 hidden(隐瞒的)、 lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、 dressed(穿着……的)、 tired(对……感到厌倦的)、 excited(兴奋的)等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in red，she looks more beautiful.
穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。
3独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。
独立成分 含义
generally speaking 一般来说
frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说
judging from/by… 根据……来判断
considering…/taking…into
consideration/account 考虑到……
to tell you the truth 说实话
seeing… 考虑到……
given… 考虑到……
compared to/with… 与……相比
Generally speaking，the rule is very easy to understand.一般来说，这条规则很容易懂。
Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。
To tell you the truth，I am a little tired.
说实话，我有点累。
4独立主格结构
(1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式
(2)特点：
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；
②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系；
③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
Much work to do tonight (=As there will be much work to do tonight)，we can’t go to see the film.今晚有很多活要干，我们不能去看电影。
Weather permitting (=If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。
He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。
【对点练习】
1.Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，______________ (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.(2020·浙江7月卷)
2.For thousands of years，people have told fables(寓言) ______________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.(2023·全国甲卷)
3.Time ______________ (permit)，you can pay a visit to some places of interest in Hangzhou.
4.______________ (complete) in 1931，the Empire State Building，the highest skyscraper until 1971，inspired the imagination of the world.
5.I love to go sightseeing worldwide，always ______________ (absorb) in the culture of every country I visit.
making
to teach
permitting
Completed
absorbed
1后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语
(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语：
考点精讲五　非谓语动词作宾语补足语
advise建议　allow 允许　ask 询问；要求　beg恳求
cause 导致　encourage 鼓励　permit准许　
forbid 禁止　force 强迫　intend打算　invite 邀请
order 命令；要求　persuade说服　prefer 更喜欢
require 需要；要求　teach教　remind 提醒
tell 告诉　want想要　warn 警告　wish 希望；想要
wait for等待　call on 号召；要求　depend on 依靠
urge 催促；力劝
She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
她耐心地向学生解释了所有的规则并要求每个人都遵守这些规则。
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。
He depends on you to help him with his English.他指望你帮助他学英语。
The parents urged their child to practise the piano regularly.
父母督促他们的孩子定期练习钢琴。
(2)下列句型常用动词不定式作主语补足语：
sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth
He is said to have been cheated in the street.
据说，他在大街上被骗了。
The accident is reported to have killed two people.据报道，那次事故中有两人丧生。
I saw some boys all dressed in uniforms leave the lab following a teacher a few minutes ago.
几分钟前，我看见一些穿着校服的男生跟着一位老师离开了实验室。
As I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。
Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.
从非洲两年的医疗服务回来后，李医生十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。
【注意】“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。
A clerk with three strangers was observed to enter the bank hurriedly，a heavy box carried in her arms.
有人看见一名职员抱着一个沉重的箱子和三个陌生人一起匆忙地走进银行。
【注意】
a.“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。
He was made to work day and night，so he was very tired of the job.
他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。
b.have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t、 won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。
I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that，which is so rude.
我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话，太不礼貌了。
(4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事
The guests left most of the dishes untouched，because they didn’t taste delicious.
大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑来保持交通畅通无阻。
The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
I caught him smoking in the bathroom.
我撞见他在浴室里抽烟。
4“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(1)“with＋名词/代词＋现在分词”结构中的现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。
(2)“with＋名词/代词＋过去分词”结构中的过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表示状态。
With his hair cut，he looked much younger.
理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
(3)“with＋名词/代词＋不定式”结构中的不定式表示动作尚未发生。
With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you.
因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
【对点练习】
1.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______________ (smoke) in the kitchen.
2.The shop owner will get all these goods ordered ______________ (deliver) to the customers today.
3.They are required ______________ (process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
smoking
delivered
to process
1.______________ (know) that you are coming to visit one of your Chinese friends，I’m writing to inform you of some customs you should pay attention to.
2.______________ (offer) the opportunity to speak at the graduation ceremony made me overjoyed.
3.He was reported _________________ (receive) 80，000 yuan for offering a four-Chinese-character answer on a pay-for-knowledge platform.
4._____________________ (show) around the classrooms，we were taken to see the library.
5.The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，______________ (make) us awake all night.
6.Much still needed ______________ (do) before dinner was served，but already outside the building many homeless people were gathering.
Knowing
Being offered
to have received
Having been shown
making
to be done
课时作业
答案速对
语法速测2　[非谓语动词]
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
答案 见答案 见答案
1.Most students object to __________________ (charge) for parking on campus.
2.The new technology， if ____________ (apply) to rice growing， will help increase the grain output.
3.For those people ____________ (desire) some perfect shots and those who don’t want to wait too long， getting up earlier can be very rewarding.
4.If they win the final tonight， the team are going to tour around the city ________________ (cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.
5.____________________ (suffer) from heart trouble for years， Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
层级一　基础达标练
Ⅰ.考点分层演练
being charged
applied
desiring
to be cheered
Having suffered
6.____________ (compare) with traditional shopping， online shopping has more distinguishing features， which quite fit the young generation’s taste.
7.In order to make himself ____________ (understand) by the waitress， Mr Yang used body language.
8.____________ (determine) to teach his daughter in English， he spent much money employing English teachers.
9.In recent years， Biangbiang noodles and its associated custom have become more widely known across China， ____________ (drive) in part by social media interest in the made-up “biang” character.
10.When I entered the room， I found Emily seated quietly on the sofa， her eyes ___________ (fix) on the storybook.
Compared
understood
Determined
driven
fixed
1.“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins， ____________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.Behind the simple style， however， is a serious message ____________ (intend) for everyone.(2023·全国甲卷)
2.From Buddhist temples to museums， narrow hutong to royal palaces， it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout， with the city keeping its carefully ____________ (build) system of ring roads.(2023·全国乙卷)
3._______________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years， I am amazed by the co-existence of old and new， and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.As a photographer， I have spent the last two years ____________ (record) everything I discovered.(2023·全国乙卷)
层级二　高考真题练
borrowing
intended
built
Having visited
recording
4. And when ____________ (ask) about his new title， he shared the secret： moderation (适度).(2024·北京卷)
5.Just then， some kids ran at him， ____________ (knock) his books out of his arms. (2024·北京卷)
6.Growing up， my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing， denying me the chance ____________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
7.Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level， the national parks， in particular， tend ___________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.(2024·全国甲卷)
8.If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____________ (leave) to sun for a day， well， you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
asked
knocking
to discover
to catch
left
9.We hope ____________ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context， and initiate dialogues with minimalist art， conceptual art and expressionism.(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)
10.____________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion， Edmondson said， “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
to present
Recalling
1.____________ (go) to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song The Long and Winding Road. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans 2.____________ (be).
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will undoubtedly help you get 3.____________ (refresh)! The 4.____________ (amaze) thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature 5.____________ (get)， the hotter the spring! Strange， isn’t it But that’s how nature is—always leaving us 6.____________ (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can’t help 7.____________ (wonder) how hard it was for the people then 8.____________ (put) all those rocks into place.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain， still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 9.____________ (ache) legs.
层级三　语篇提能练
Going
are
refreshed
amazing
gets
astonished
wondering
to put
aching
As the song goes， “this long and winding road will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory.It sure does in mine.While you’re in China， Mount Huangshan is a must 10.____________ (visit)!
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者爬黄山的见闻和感受。
to visit
1.Going　【解析】 考查非谓语动词作主语。分析句子并结合语境可知，空处为主语且表示主动的、一般性的动作，应用动词-ing形式作主语。
2.are　【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处用一般现在时，且主语we humans表达复数概念，动词应用复数形式，故填are。
3.refreshed　【解析】 考查非谓语动词作表语。get refreshed构成系表结构。
4.amazing　【解析】 考查非谓语动词作定语。修饰thing表示“令人惊奇的”，应用-ing形式作定语。
5.gets　【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意以及上下文时态可知，空处应用一般现在时，且主语the temperature表达单数概念，动词应用单数形式，故填gets。
6.astonished　【解析】 考查非谓语动词作宾补。分析句子可知，空处在“leave+复合宾语”结构中作宾补，且根据语境可知，这里指的是使感到惊讶，故填astonished。
7.wondering　【解析】 考查非谓语动词作宾语。can’t help doing sth意为“忍不住做某事”。
8.to put　【解析】 考查非谓语动词作主语。此处为 it is/was+adj.+for sb+to do sth的变式，it为形式主语，to do 为真正的主语。
9.aching　【解析】 考查非谓语动词作定语。分析句子可知，空处在句中作定语，ache与中心词legs之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词aching。
10.to visit　【解析】 考查非谓语动词作定语。此处must用作名词，指“必须做的一件事”，需用动词不定式作定语。
Ⅱ.语法链接写作
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.常用动名词作主语
(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)首先，随机配对学生可能会导致小组内语言能力的不平衡。
Firstly， randomly pairing up students may lead to imbalanced language abilities within the groups.
(2022·浙江1月卷)说服他接受我的观点是不可能的，所以我不想浪费时间来讨论。
Persuading him into accepting my views was impossible， so I didn’t want to waste my time discussing.
___________________________________________________________________________________
2.巧用分词作状语
(1)doing作状语，表示句子主语和该动词为主谓(主动)关系。
(2023·北京卷)很高兴听说你们正在策划一场以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，我写信是为了给这次活动提出我的建议。
Delightedly hearing that you are planning a club activity themed “Green Beijing”， I am writing to make my suggestions for the event.
听到这个意外的消息，她惊讶得目瞪口呆。
Hearing of the unexpected news， she was so surprised that she froze with her mouth wide open.
___________________________________________________________________________________
(2)done作状语，表示句子主语和该动词为动宾(被动)关系，或者表示主语所处的某种状态。
(2023·全国甲卷)孔子，又名孔丘，被认为是中国历史上最重要的人物之一，是生活在
春秋时期的中国哲学家和政治家。
Considered one of the most important figures in Chinese history， Confucius， also known as
Kong Qiu， was a Chinese philosopher and politician who lived during the Spring and Autumn
Period.
(2022·新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)虽然筋疲力尽，但是David到达了终点线，所有的学生都为他欢呼。
Worn out， David reached the finishing line and all the students cheered for him.
___________________________________________________________________________________
3.前置不定式作状语
(2022·全国甲卷)而且，为了呼吁更多的人来保护海洋，我们还可以发传单。
What’s more， to call on more people to protect the ocean， we can also hand out leaflets.
(2021·上海6月卷)为了更高效地学习英语，你最好选择听说课程。
To learn English more efficiently， you had better choose the Listening and Speaking course.
___________________________________________________________________________________
4.会用having done替代after从句
(2022·新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)在确认了David想跑的话是可以跑的情况后，我转过身发现他朝我走来，他瘦小的身体随着他的双脚向前摆动而左右摇晃。
Having made sure that David could run if he wanted to， I turned around to find him coming towards me， his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
(2020·新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)卖完爆米花之后，他们决定收工回家。
Having sold out all the popcorn， they decided to call it a day and go home.

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