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Unit 5 Looking into nature
第一课时　Starting out—Understanding ideas(Reading)
一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填写单词
1．Curiosity encourages us to explore the u world.
2．Online lessons enable children to (解锁) their learning skills nowadays.
3．It blew hard last night and the (报纸) were everywhere this morning.
4．We had an (争论) with the waiter about the bill.
5．Different companies and teams have different cultures and (风格) of working.
二、单项选择
1．My best friend Jackson is not from _but he loves ________ music.
A．America；American
B．American；America
C．American；American
2．The old museum has a history of two hundred years. It has many great art pieces.
A．rather than
B．many than
C．more than
3．I used to doubt I would realise my dream.Now I never doubt ________ I will make it if I do my best.
A．whether；that
B．whether；whether
C．that；whether
4．—I never doubt she can do it well.
—Neither do I. I just doubt ________ she is willing to do this.
A．whether；that
B．that；if
C．if；whether
5．—Is water very important in our daily life
—Yes. All things need water to keep ________.
A．alive；living
B．alive；lively
C．living；alive
6． the 240 hour visa free policy(免签政策), more and more people from other countries come to China and enjoy themselves.
A．Thanks for
B．Thanks to
C．Thank you
7．—What is the of your excellent spoken English
—Practice makes perfect.
A．result
B．secret
C．influence
8．The story is about a teenager who never gives up his .
A．belief
B．blouse
C．bottle
9．—You know I spent almost 2 hours the way.
—Yeah, it's really hard for the strangers ________ the way.
A．to find；to find
B．to find；finding
C．finding；to find
10．Mount Taishan is so famous that people visit it every day.
A．hundred of
B．hundreds of
C．seven hundred of
三、短文填空
(山东德州期中)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
One of A Kind
A very large tortoise
Giant tortoises are the biggest tortoises in the world.A long time ago, many giant tortoises lived on Pinta Island.Most tortoises need their shells to protect them.1. They didn't have predators(捕食者).
One rare animal
Lonesome George was a giant tortoise.He was a very rare animal.He was the last tortoise of his kind in the world.2. When dinosaurs lived, there were millions of giant tortoises.Many of them lived on Pinta Island.
Giant tortoises disappear
Many years ago, pirates(海盗) came to Pinta Island.Giant tortoises were good to eat.They took many away on their ship.Tortoises can live a long time with little food or water.3. Soon, there were only one left.This was Lonesome George.
An amazing discovery
It was very exciting to find Lonesome George.He was the only one of his kind in the world.Scientists thought he could have been seventy or eighty years old.4. Some can live to be two hundred years old.
A new home for Lonesome George
Lonesome George couldn't be left on Pinta Island.He was taken to a place where scientists could take care of him.There was a lot of space for him in his new home.Many people came to see Lonesome George.He really looked like an animal that lived with the dinosaurs.
Unit 5Gone forever
There are many other giant tortoises.5. When Lonesome George died, his kind became extinct.They are gone forever, like the dinosaurs.
A．Giant tortoises were not always rare.
B．This is not really old for a giant tortoise.
C．So they were good food for pirates on long trip.
D．Giant tortoises live longer than any other animal with backbones.
E．The giant tortoises on Pinta Island didn't need their shells for this.
F．However, none of them are the same kind as Lonesome George was.
第二课时　Understanding ideas(Grammar)
宾语从句(1)
1．定义
在主从复合句中，充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句，即一个句子在另一个句子里作宾语。
2．类型
that引导的宾语从句、whether/if引导的宾语从和疑问词引导的宾语从句。
(1)that引导的宾语从句
当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，其后面的句子一般用that引导。引导词that本身无意义，只起连接作用，在句中不作任何成分，多数情况下可省略。如：
He said (that) Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。
(2)whether/if引导的宾语从句
当表达不确定的概念时，从句要用whether或if引导，意为“是否”，在句子中不作成分，但不能省略。
注意：一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if。在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。
①当从句中出现or not时，只能用whether。如：
I don't know whether or not they will come.我不知道他们是否会来。
②在动词不定式之前只能用whether。如：
He doesn't know whether to accept or refuse.他不知道是接受还是拒绝。
单项选择
1．—What did your sister say
—She said she would leave the message on the answering machine.
A．that B．if
C．whether
2．—Do you believe man can live on Mars in the future
—It's hard to say.I am not sure ________ we can grow plants on Mars.
A．if；that B．whether；if
C．that；whether
3．Mr Li hopes hard, but sometimes some of us don't listen to him.
A．us to study B．us study
C．we study
4．Don't think too much about you can get the prize or not.Just enjoy the game.
A．whether B．if
C．when
5．—Could you tell me
—Sure, and the earlier, the cheaper.
A．how long it will take to get to Moscow
B．if I can book a direct flight to Moscow online
C．where I can buy a ticket for the direct flight to Moscow
6．—Let's go fishing if it tomorrow.
—But nobody knows if it ________ tomorrow.
A．doesn't rain；will rain
B．doesn't rain；rains
C．won't rain；will rain
7．—The novel Gulliver's Travels is very nice.
—So it is.Could you tell me
A．how long can I keep it
B．that I can borrow it
C．if I can keep it for another week
8．—I am worried I can enter a good high school or not.
—Work hard and trust in yourself.
A．how B．whether
C．what
9．The boy asked his father ．
A．if Shakespeare was a great writer
B．how life will be like in the year 2100
C．how he called the man under the tree
10．Could you please tell me or not my answer is right
A．if B．weather
C．whether
11．Jim hasn't decided to go home by bus or by train.
A．what B．that
C．whether
12．She was not sure she could do it well all by herself.
A．that
B．what
C．if
13．—Sorry, I am not sure the sports meeting will be held or not.
—Never mind! ________ you have any further information, please let me know.
A．if；Whether
B．whether；If
C．that；Whether
有关自然的英文表达
space 太空　　　　　　　　　　　　　　moon 月亮
star 星星 ocean海洋
river 河；江 lake 湖；湖泊
waterfall瀑布 mountain 山
hill 山丘；小山 cave 山洞；洞穴
valley 山谷 canyon峡谷
island 岛 beach 海滩；沙滩
forest 森林；林区 jungle丛林
plant 植物 bamboo 竹子
grass 草坪 flower 花；花朵
leaf叶子 mud 泥
第三课时　Developing ideas(Listening and speaking)
一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填写单词
1．Steam rose from the (滚热的) kettle.
2．During our science class, we made a surprising discovery about how different plants (反应) to sunlight.
3．Our teacher asked us to make a display (布告牌) about the weather in our city.
4．The (化学物质) in batteries produce electricity.
5．The blue w is the largest animal in the world.
二、单项选择
1．The little boy was how stars shine, so he asked his father many questions.
A．afraid of B．curious about
C．worried about
2．The cup boiled water. Don't touch it.
A．fill with B．is full of C．full of
3．I can hardly know so many used cars.
A．how to do with B．what to do with
C．what to deal with
4．When you are feeling lonely，remember that friends will always be there for you.
A．true B．truly C．truth
5．Linda's aunt is a . Her job is to do research in ________.
A．science；scientist B．science；science
C．scientist；science
6．Boys and girls, to avoid mistakes, please read the questions on the paper as carefully as ________.
A．to make；possible
B．to make；impossible
C．making；possible
7．Betty thinks trees can improve the air.
A．that B．when C．what
8．The teacher told us that the sun in the east.
A．rose B．has risen C．rises
9．She said that Ken Joe for the school magazine when she passed by the classroom.
A．interviews B．interviewed
C．was interviewing
10．My father drive to his workplace, but now he has ________ riding a bike there to keep fit.
A．used to；used to
B．got used to；used to
C．used to；got used to
三、阅读理解
(广东深圳期末改编)Rainforests are amazing places full of different kinds of plants, food, birds and animals.Can you believe that a single forest in the Amazon may have more kinds of ants than the whole of Britain! And in just one small part of the rainforest, there can be about 480 different kinds of trees.
Rainforests have a smart way of staying healthy.The tall trees make a canopy(树冠层) of branches(树枝) and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, great dry heat from the sun and strong winds. really play an important role in the health of the rainforests.
The trees in the rainforests grow in an interesting way.Even though they are close to each other, their branches and leaves never touch those of another tree.Scientists think this is the trees' way to protect themselves so that they won't get diseases from another tree.It also makes it more difficult for insects, which eat leaves, to move from one tree to another.To live in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the space between trees.
Rainforests get their name for a reason—they get a lot of rain! They can make 75% of their own rain.At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal, and in some areas, there may be as much as 430 inches of rain every year.In just two hours, rivers can rise ten to twenty feet.The humidity(湿气) of large rainforests helps to form rainclouds that may travel to other countries which are in need of rain.Rainforests are a part of nature that help support the environment and keep our planet healthy.
1．What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph？
A．They cover a large area.
B．They have a lot of wildlife.
C．They are managed by humans.
2．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 2 refer to？
A．Tall trees. B．Smaller plants.
C．Forest animals.
3．Why do the trees' branches and leaves never touch those of another tree？
A．To get more sunlight.
B．To protect themselves.
C．To have more growing space.
4．Which of the following best describes rainforests according to the last paragraph？
A．Famous. B．Dangerous. C．Important.
5．What is the purpose of the text？
A．To tell the weather in rainforests.
B．To warn the danger in rainforests.
C．To give an introduction of rainforests.
四、完形填空
(江苏苏州期末改编)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意。从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
The earth was once “ruled” by a kind of animal called dinosaur from 65 to 230 million years ago.Then no dinosaurs __ __ on the earth.Only huge bones, eggs or __ __ were left behind.What did the dinosaurs look like Why did they die out Scientists spent 10 years collecting a lot of information of dinosaurs to show to the world.
There are dinosaurs of all __ __ and sizes.Some of them were long necked；some were fierce(凶猛的)；some flew in the sky；some lived in the ocean.Some dinosaurs ate plants；some ate meat；others might eat __ __．Some dinosaurs were as __ __ as five floor tall buildings while some were only as big as chickens.
Scientists have tried to explain why no dinosaurs survived 65 million years ago.Some think that 65 million years ago, a comet(彗星) fell down to the earth.It __ __ the sky with dust which stopped the sunlight.As a result, the earth became so __ __ that the plants died.Dinosaurs had nothing to eat, so they all died, too.But others believe dinosaurs died because of poisonous(有毒的) plants, or gases, or climate changes.They all agree that __ __ dinosaurs could not get used to the changes in living conditions on the earth.
People think dinosaurs are amazing, so they star in many movies.But to scientists, why the dinosaurs died out is more important because the __ __ that led to the death of dinosaurs might also be a danger to human beings.Scientists need to learn more about it so that they can make an effort to __ __ such disasters.
1．A.recorded B．remained C．reminded
2．A.footprints B．clues C．stones
3．A.ages B．moods C．shapes
4．A.all B．any C．both
5．A.small B．medium C．tall
6．A.filled B．charged C．impressed
7．A.cold B．warm C．windy
8．A.finally B．hardly C．luckily
9．A.worry B．research C．cause
10．A.make up B．guard against
C．go over
1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5.
6． 　7. 　8. 　9. 　10.
第四课时　Developing ideas(Reading for writing)
一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填写单词
1．Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and other Disney cartoon characters gave (无数的) joy to millions of children.
2．AI has been widely used in most (国家). More and more users like to use it.
3．Mr Li's (孙女) usually watch TV in the living room.
4．Walking on the moon was a great (成就) for mankind.
5．The Grand Canyon(科罗拉多大峡谷) is a great natural wonder in the United S .
二、单项选择
1．He has lived here five years ago and finally found his dream job ________ last month.
A．for；in the end
B．since；in the end
C．since；at the end of
2．—Listen！ is coming.
—No，nobody is coming.I can't hear ________.
A．Somebody；nobody
B．Somebody；anybody
C．Anybody；nobody
3．The young woman is ．She has a lot of money.
A．poor B．sad
C．wealthy
4．—I'm truly sorry that things had to end like this.
—Never mind. Let's what else we can do for it.
A．think about B．look for
C．carry on
5．Andy studies . He ________ plays computer games.
A．hard；hard B．hardly；hardly
C．hard；hardly
6．We all know that many animals like tigers and lions meat eating animals feed on meat.
A．belong to B．belonging to
C．belonged to
7．Which of these blouses feels
A．soft B．the softest
C．the softer
8．A curious mind can drive people new knowledge and discover amazing things.
A．explore B．to explore
C．exploring
9．—Tom finished his work yesterday.　
— _and ________.
A．So he did；so did I
B．So did he；so I did
C．So he did；so I did
10．The police sometimes wear plain clothes special tasks.
A．carries out B．carried out
C．to carry out
三、短文填空
(海南三模)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。
Plants don't have real clocks, but they can still tell time.This is because they have a clock inside called a “circadian rhythm(昼夜节律)”．It helps them know when to wake up, grow and rest.This ability works much like our own sleep wake cycle(周期).1.
Light is a key way for plants to tell time.During the day, sunlight tells plants that it's time to start photosynthesis(光合作用).Photosynthesis is the way that green plants make their food using sunlight.2. Some plants even close their leaves at night and open them again in the morning.This is like their way of saying, “It's bedtime！” and “Good morning！”3. For example, some flowers only come out in the short day of winter or the long day of summer.
4． In spring, warm weather tells plants it's time to grow and come out.In winter, cold temperatures tell them to slow down and rest.This helps them avoid very hot or cold weather and make the most of good growing conditions.
How amazing plants are！5. Understanding them can help us grow more food and protect the natural environment.Next time you see a flower open at the same time each day, remember that it is following nature's perfect clock.
A．The temperature should be about 20℃.
B．Temperature also helps plants tell time.
C.At night, the darkness tells plants it's time to rest.
D.The ability is important for plants to protect themselves.
E．Now scientists are still studying how plant clocks work.
F．Some plants depend on daylight time to decide when to come out.
四、任务型读写
(海南期中)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容按要求完成任务。
Last June, when my mother told me she had planned a four day visit to Dubai, I was very excited.Tourists from all over the world come to see the sights in this amazing city and experience its culture.
On our first day, we visited the Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world.It is 828 metres high and it holds several records(记录).After that, we visited the Arabian Desert.
The next day, we visited the Palm Jumeirah, the world's largest man made island.The island is made from all natural materials because the Prince of Dubai wanted to give it a more natural look.The island itself looks like a palm tree(棕榈树) from above.
Dubai is home to the world's largest gold market.So on the third day, after a short boat ride away from our hotel, my family and I spent the whole day shopping there.We returned home in the afternoon the next day.It was a wonderful trip.
Task Ⅰ：Finish the chart according to the article.Fill in each blank with no more than 3 words.
A 1. Trip to Dubai About the trip Arrangement Time：Last June
Duration(持续时间)：2. days
3. ：Dubai
On the first day, they visited the tallest building in the world.
The next day, they visited the Palm Jumeirah.To look 4. _ _the island is made from all natural materials.
On the third day, they went to the gold market by boat.They 5. in the market.
Task Ⅱ：Answer the following questions.
6．How did the writer feel when his mother told him about the Dubai trip
_ _
7．Why is the Palm Jumeirah made from all natural materials
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8．Do you want to visit Dubai one day Why or why not Explain your reason(s) in about 20 words.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
第五课时　单元话题写作
本单元话题是“Looking into nature”，通过探索自然，捕捉了大自然的秘密，了解了对生命至关重要的植物。要求同学们写一篇关于探索自然的文章。
一、话题词汇、短语
二、常用句型
1．她早期的诗歌展现了她良好的思想和对自然的热爱。
Her early poems showed her good mind and ．
2．让我们一起探索书中奇妙的世界吧！
the wonderful world of books together!
3．据传说，神农偶然发现了茶。
According to the legend, Shennong ．
4．这位年轻的科学家对研究森林植物很感兴趣。
The young scientist is very in the forest.
(辽宁沈阳阶段练习)假定你是李辉，你的朋友Nathan来信询问中国“两弹一星”元勋钱学森的相关信息。请你根据表格所提供的信息，给他写一封回信。
基本 信息 中国著名科学家(1911.12—2009.10)，出生于中国上海
教育 背景 1934年毕业于上海交通大学，后赴美留学，获博士学位
主要 成就 1.参与美国早期火箭研究，1955年回到中国； 2．领导研制中国第一颗人造卫星，推动导弹和空间探索领域的发展； 3．中国航天事业的奠基人，被誉为“中国航天之父”
注意：
1．词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。
参考词汇：missile 导弹；satellite 卫星；the doctor's degree博士学位；the father of China's aerospace中国航天之父
Dear Nathan，
I know you want to learn about Qian Xuesen. Now let me tell you.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
I hope the information can help you and I am looking forward to your letter.
Yours，
Li Hui
★思路点拨
1．体裁：书信
2．人称：第三人称
3．时态：一般过去时和一般现在时
4．写作框架
_
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_
请根据以下内容写一篇关于瓦斯科·达·伽马的英语短文。
人物 瓦斯科·达·伽马(Vasco da Gama)
身份 著名探险家，第一个从欧洲航海到印度的人
续表
经历 1497年，乘船前往印度十个月后，抵达了印度南部的一个城市，试图与该城市的领袖建立贸易关系，但未成功；1499年回国，并带回了许多与当地人交换的宝物；后来又三次前往印度
成就 开辟了欧洲通往印度的贸易航线
注意：词数80左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
Vasco da Gama, a famous explorer, was known as the first man to sail from Europe to India. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
第六课时　单元重难点归纳
考点1?　unknown的用法
unknown作形容词，意为“不知道的，未知的”，反义词为known；常见搭配：be known as“被称为；被认为是”，强调因某种身份、特征或称号而被熟知；be known for“因……而闻名”，强调因某特征、成就或行为被熟知。
【拓展】know 作动词，意为“知道；了解；认识”，过去式/过去分词为knew/known
单项选择
1．The girl is well known a singer to everyone in her hometown.
A．for 　B．as
C．to
2．Canada _ _ its fantastic natural scenery.
A．is well known as
B．is well known for
C．is considered as
3．ChatGPT is known its ability to process and develop human like texts in a short time.
A．as B．for C．to
4．—Excuse me, when did you the man in blue
—Last year.And I ________ him for one year.
A．known；have known B．know；knew
C．know；have known
考点2?　辨析 alive，lively，lovely与living
词汇 词性及含义 用法
alive adj.活着的；有活力的 常作后置定语和表语
lively adj.活泼的；生动的 作表语和定语
lovely adj.可爱的；美好的 表示主观喜爱，修饰外观或感受
living adj.活着的；现存的；n.生计 作形容词时，常作前置定语，也可作表语
单项选择
1．—Look! There are so many wild birds in the tree now after the long winter days.
—Yes.Many endangered birds are still and now the forest is ________.
A．lively；lively B．alive；alive
C．alive；lively
2．Mr White is one of the greatest writers.He is still________.
A．living；alive B．living；live
C．alive；living
3．—Is your grandmother still
—Of course.She ________ with my aunt in the countryside.
A．live；lives B．living；alive
C．alive；lives
4．The young teacher who has a face can make his classes ________and interesting.
A．lovely；lively B．lovely；lovely
C．likely；friendly
考点3　argument的用法
argument 作名词，意为“论点，论据；争论”，常见搭配如下：
have an argument with sb与某人发生争执；
have an argument about sth就某事争执
【拓展】argue 作动词，意为“争论，争辩”，常见搭配如下：
argue with sb与某人争论；
argue about sth就某事争论；
argue with sb about/over sth就某事与某人争论
单项选择
1．In our class, our teacher often makes us each other ________ a problem.
A．not to argue with；about
B．not argue with；about
C．not to argue with；for
2．—What did they ________ yesterday
—The plan for the National Holidays.
A．other；argue B．else；argue
C．else；argue about
3．—I had my parents.What should I do
—You should communicate with them.
A．an argument with
B．an argument about
C．argue with
考点4?　辨析true，truly与truth
词汇 词性及含义 用法
true adj.符合事实的，真的，真实的 修饰名词或作表语，跟在be动词或系动词后；常见搭配：come true“实现，成为现实”
truly adv.真实地，真正地 主要用于修饰动词、形容词或整个句子
续表
词汇 词性及含义 用法
truth n.真相，事实 在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语，常见搭配：find out the truth“查明真相”；tell the truth“说实话”
单项选择
1．When he was twenty years old, his dream came ．
A．truth B．truly C．true
2．Though I watch football matches，to tell the _I don't like football.
A．truth B．truth C．true
3．—Some students always say that Miss Zhang is very strict.
—That's not ．In fact, she's very friendly to her students.
A．truth B．truly C．true
4．—Reading makes a full man.
—I agree with you.Wherever I go, there is always a book with me.
A．truly B．easily C．heavily
考点5?　辨析boil，boiling与boiled
词汇 词性及含义 用法
boil 作动词，意为“沸腾；煮沸”； 作名词，意为“沸腾(状态)；沸点” 常见搭配：boil＋液体(water/milk/oil)；boil sth (for＋时间)
boiling 作形容词，意为“很热的，滚热的” 动词的现在分词形式，表示动作正在进行，常见搭配：boiling water，“沸水”；boiling hot“酷热”
boiled 作形容词，意为“煮沸的；煮熟的” 动词的过去分词形式，表示动作已完成，常见搭配：boiled water“开水”；boiled eggs“煮鸡蛋”
单项选择
1．—Do you need my help to boil the eggs
—Thanks.They five minutes ago.
A．were boiled B．are boiled
C．will be boiled
2．Water at 100 ℃.
A．will boil B．boils C．boiling
3．—Must I take some medicine
—No, you needn't.Just drink more water.
A．boiling B．boiled C．boil
4．Wait a moment, please.I am water, and then you can drink some ________ water.
A．boiled；boiling B．boiling；boiling
C．boiling；boiled
考点6?　endless的用法
endless 作形容词，意为“无数的，无限的”
【拓展】end 的用法
1．作名词，意为“终点，末端；结束，结尾”，常见搭配如下：
at the end of 在……结束时/末端；
in the end 最终，相当于 finally；
by the end of 到……结束时
2．作动词，意为“(使)结束，终止”，指停止某个动作或过程。
单项选择
1．Let Mike drink some milk the end of the meal.
A．at B．in C．by
2． _police found the missing child ________ the road.
A．In the end；at the end of
B．At the end；in the end of
C．In the end；by the end of
3．My sister and I are going to Germany for vocation the end of this year.
A．by B．at C．in
4．—I feel bored with his talk.
—Here are some magazines for you to look through.
A．hopeless B．endless C．ending
5．—Sir, it seems that we have no points in common.
—Let's agree to disagree and the meeting.
A．ending B．endless C．end
考点7?　hardly的用法
hardly 作副词，意为“几乎不”，带有否定意味，相当于 almost not，常修饰动词，也可以修饰形容词或副词。
【拓展】hard，作形容词，意为“努力的；坚硬的；困难的；剧烈的”，修饰名词；还可作副词，意为“努力地；猛烈地；费力地”，修饰动词。
单项选择
1．Tom studies ．He ________ plays with his friends.
A．hard；hard B．hardly；hardly
C．hard；hardly
2．You should use the machine in a right way.Don't press the pedal(脚踏板) too _or it can ________ move.
A．hard；hard B．hard；hardly
C．hardly；hard
3．—Tom works very at his lessons.Now he is a top student.
—Really He has changed so much that I can ________ believe it.
A．hard；hard B．hardly；hardly
C．hard；hardly
Presenting ideas
Search for information about achievements in nature exploration in groups.Then make a poster about an achievement in nature exploration.Here is an example.
Who made it？ What did he/she explain？ What benefits can we get？
Suzanne Simard She explained how these “Mother trees” pass on the wealth to the next generation, which transport important resources to young trees. If we put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
　　Suzanne Simard, forest ecologist at the University of British Columbia, talks about “Mother trees”．These are usually the largest, oldest plants that on which all other trees depend.She said that trees can communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation—their young trees.She explains how these “Mother trees” pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important resources to young trees, so they may continue to grow.
“Mother trees” move nutrition into the young trees before dying.If we put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
阅读题型训练
一、阅读理解
(河南洛阳期中)Are you happy with how you look Some people may be upset because they are too fat or too short.Some people may be unhappy because of wrinkles or freckles(雀斑) on their faces.This feeling about our bodies is called body image, and it can affect our mental health.
John from the University of California and his team studied how nature affects body image.They found that walking in the snow helps!
“We have known that nature is good for our minds and bodies，” said John.“We want to see whether spending time in a snowy environment can also help people feel better about their bodies.”
To do this, they asked 100 women to take a walk in a snowy forest.Then they asked the women how they felt about their bodies before and after the walk.They found that the women felt better about their bodies after the walk.Spending time in the snow made them happier!
Earlier studies had shown that green environments, like parks, and blue environments, like rivers, can improve body image.But this was the first time that snowy places were found to help.John was very with the results. “Spending time in nature is good for us, even in winter！” he said.
John also believes that it's important for kids to spend time in nature.“It's good for them to get out and explore nature at any time of the year，” he said.“If kids spend more time outside, they will feel more connected to nature and happy.”
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了自然环境对改善身体形象和心理健康具有积极作用，尤其是孩子们亲近自然可以增强与自然的联系并提升幸福感。
1．How does the writer start the passage？
A．By making jokes.
B．By telling stories.
C．By giving the facts.
2．According to earlier studies, what environments can improve body image？
A．Snowy and green environments.
B．Green and blue environments.
C．Noisy and blue environments.
3．What does the underline word “delighted” most likely mean in the passage？
A．惊讶的 B．失望的
C．满意的
4．What does John suggest for children？
A．They should stay indoors during winter.
B．They should spend more time in nature.
C．They should avoid snowy environments.
5．What is the main purpose of the passage？
A.To discuss the effects of nature on body image.
B．To tell a story about a famous scientist.
C．To encourage people to lose weight.
根据阅读理解，完成下面内容。
Ⅰ.单词、短语积累
1．皱纹
2．影响
3．心理
4．满意的
5．在雪林中 _ _ _
6．探索自然 _
Ⅱ.句子积累
1．早期研究表明，绿色环境如公园和蓝色环境如河流可以改善身体形象。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2．花时间在自然中对我们有益。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
3．如果孩子们花更多时间在户外，他们会感到与自然更加亲近，并感到快乐。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Ⅲ.微写作
查尔斯·达尔文(Charles Darwin)是一位伟大的科学家，他小时候就喜欢在大自然中观察，喜欢收集石头、树叶等。 他十六岁进入爱丁堡大学(Edinburgh University)，对自然史产生了浓厚的兴趣。终其一生，他都在坚持不懈地从事科学研究。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
二、完形填空
(海南期末)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意。从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
In 1640, a man was seriously ill and weak.He had to end the last trip of his life.This man was Xu Xiake, the greatest __ __ in Chinese history.
Back home, people asked him if he __ __ to spend his whole life on the road.“I walked through many fantastic places on my own in China，” he answered.“People say I'm as great as Zhang Qian and Xuanzang.__ __ I have no regrets at all.”
From an early age, Xu dreamed of visiting China's seas and mountains.But at that time, it was very __ __ to travel far.This didn't stop him, however.At 22, he set out on his life's journey.He __ __ for about 30 years, and achieved his dream.
Xu made many discoveries in __ __ during his journey.Once, he visited Mount Huangshan.People then thought Tiandu Peak(峰) was higher than Lianhua Peak.To __ __ the truth, Xu climbed both peaks.He discovered that Lianhua Peak gave a wider view, so it must be __ __．He was right!
Xu wrote down his travel experiences in his __ __ Xu Xiake's Travel Notes.Thanks to this book, we can truly learn about China almost 400 years ago.“Exploring the unexplored” is the best description of Xu's __ __．
1．A.painter B．teacher
C．traveller
2．A.remembered B．regretted
C．decided
3．A.But B．So
C．Or
4．A.easy B．hard
C．fun
5．A.travelled B．studied
C．worked
6．A.biology B．physics
C．geography
7．A.find out B．try out
C．look out
8．A.wider B．lower
C．higher
9．A.letter B．book
C．photos
10．A.life B．hometown
C．family
1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5.
6． 　7. 　8. 　9. 　10.
三、短文填空
(山东德州期末)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Earth is our home.It has air that we can breathe(呼吸).It has water for us to drink.It has some plants and some animals that we can eat.Earth is not too hot or too cold for us.1.
We are on earth, but we can see things that are not on earth.Early in the morning, we can see the sun come up.All day, the sun seems to move across the sky.2. But the sun is not really moving around us.We are the ones who are moving.Every morning, we turn towards the sun.Every night, we turn away from it.Every year, we go around it.Earth is our spaceship.3.
At night, we can often see the moon and stars.Looking from earth, stars look like little points of light because they are so far away.But stars are really big.A star is a great mass(团) of burning gas(燃烧的气体).4. Our sun is a star.
There are eight planets moving around our sun.5. Some of the planets have moons.A moon goes around a planet just as a planet goes around a star.Earth has only one moon.Some planets have more.
A．All of us in the ship are riding around the sun.
B．It gives off light and heat(热).
C．It has everything we need to live.
D．But we want to visit the moon some day.
E．Later in the day，we can see the sun go down.
F．Earth is the third planet from the sun.Unit 5 Looking into nature
第一课时　Starting out—Understanding ideas(Reading)
一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填写单词
1．Curiosity encourages us to explore the unknown world.
2．Online lessons enable children to unlock(解锁) their learning skills nowadays.
3．It blew hard last night and the newspapers(报纸) were everywhere this morning.
4．We had an argument(争论) with the waiter about the bill.
5．Different companies and teams have different cultures and styles(风格) of working.
二、单项选择
1．My best friend Jackson is not from A,_but he loves ________ music.
A．America；American
B．American；America
C．American；American
2．The old museum has a history of C two hundred years. It has many great art pieces.
A．rather than
B．many than
C．more than
3．I used to doubt A I would realise my dream.Now I never doubt ________ I will make it if I do my best.
A．whether；that
B．whether；whether
C．that；whether
4．—I never doubt B she can do it well.
—Neither do I. I just doubt ________ she is willing to do this.
A．whether；that
B．that；if
C．if；whether
5．—Is water very important in our daily life
—Yes. All C things need water to keep ________.
A．alive；living
B．alive；lively
C．living；alive
6．B the 240 hour visa free policy(免签政策), more and more people from other countries come to China and enjoy themselves.
A．Thanks for
B．Thanks to
C．Thank you
7．—What is the B of your excellent spoken English
—Practice makes perfect.
A．result
B．secret
C．influence
8．The story is about a teenager who never gives up his A.
A．belief
B．blouse
C．bottle
9．—You know I spent almost 2 hours C the way.
—Yeah, it's really hard for the strangers ________ the way.
A．to find；to find
B．to find；finding
C．finding；to find
10．Mount Taishan is so famous that B people visit it every day.
A．hundred of
B．hundreds of
C．seven hundred of
三、短文填空
(山东德州期中)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
One of A Kind
A very large tortoise
Giant tortoises are the biggest tortoises in the world.A long time ago, many giant tortoises lived on Pinta Island.Most tortoises need their shells to protect them.1.E They didn't have predators(捕食者).
One rare animal
Lonesome George was a giant tortoise.He was a very rare animal.He was the last tortoise of his kind in the world.2.A When dinosaurs lived, there were millions of giant tortoises.Many of them lived on Pinta Island.
Giant tortoises disappear
Many years ago, pirates(海盗) came to Pinta Island.Giant tortoises were good to eat.They took many away on their ship.Tortoises can live a long time with little food or water.3.C Soon, there were only one left.This was Lonesome George.
An amazing discovery
It was very exciting to find Lonesome George.He was the only one of his kind in the world.Scientists thought he could have been seventy or eighty years old.4.B Some can live to be two hundred years old.
A new home for Lonesome George
Lonesome George couldn't be left on Pinta Island.He was taken to a place where scientists could take care of him.There was a lot of space for him in his new home.Many people came to see Lonesome George.He really looked like an animal that lived with the dinosaurs.
Unit 5Gone forever
There are many other giant tortoises.5.F When Lonesome George died, his kind became extinct.They are gone forever, like the dinosaurs.
A．Giant tortoises were not always rare.
B．This is not really old for a giant tortoise.
C．So they were good food for pirates on long trip.
D．Giant tortoises live longer than any other animal with backbones.
E．The giant tortoises on Pinta Island didn't need their shells for this.
F．However, none of them are the same kind as Lonesome George was.
第二课时　Understanding ideas(Grammar)
宾语从句(1)
1．定义
在主从复合句中，充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句，即一个句子在另一个句子里作宾语。
2．类型
that引导的宾语从句、whether/if引导的宾语从和疑问词引导的宾语从句。
(1)that引导的宾语从句
当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，其后面的句子一般用that引导。引导词that本身无意义，只起连接作用，在句中不作任何成分，多数情况下可省略。如：
He said (that) Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。
(2)whether/if引导的宾语从句
当表达不确定的概念时，从句要用whether或if引导，意为“是否”，在句子中不作成分，但不能省略。
注意：一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if。在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。
①当从句中出现or not时，只能用whether。如：
I don't know whether or not they will come.我不知道他们是否会来。
②在动词不定式之前只能用whether。如：
He doesn't know whether to accept or refuse.他不知道是接受还是拒绝。
单项选择
1．—What did your sister say
—She said A she would leave the message on the answering machine.
A．that B．if
C．whether
2．—Do you believe C man can live on Mars in the future
—It's hard to say.I am not sure ________ we can grow plants on Mars.
A．if；that B．whether；if
C．that；whether
3．Mr Li hopes C hard, but sometimes some of us don't listen to him.
A．us to study B．us study
C．we study
4．Don't think too much about A you can get the prize or not.Just enjoy the game.
A．whether B．if
C．when
5．—Could you tell me B
—Sure, and the earlier, the cheaper.
A．how long it will take to get to Moscow
B．if I can book a direct flight to Moscow online
C．where I can buy a ticket for the direct flight to Moscow
6．—Let's go fishing if it A tomorrow.
—But nobody knows if it ________ tomorrow.
A．doesn't rain；will rain
B．doesn't rain；rains
C．won't rain；will rain
7．—The novel Gulliver's Travels is very nice.
—So it is.Could you tell me C
A．how long can I keep it
B．that I can borrow it
C．if I can keep it for another week
8．—I am worried B I can enter a good high school or not.
—Work hard and trust in yourself.
A．how B．whether
C．what
9．The boy asked his father A．
A．if Shakespeare was a great writer
B．how life will be like in the year 2100
C．how he called the man under the tree
10．Could you please tell me C or not my answer is right
A．if B．weather
C．whether
11．Jim hasn't decided C to go home by bus or by train.
A．what B．that
C．whether
12．She was not sure C she could do it well all by herself.
A．that
B．what
C．if
13．—Sorry, I am not sure B the sports meeting will be held or not.
—Never mind! ________ you have any further information, please let me know.
A．if；Whether
B．whether；If
C．that；Whether
有关自然的英文表达
space 太空　　　　　　　　　　　　　　moon 月亮
star 星星 ocean海洋
river 河；江 lake 湖；湖泊
waterfall瀑布 mountain 山
hill 山丘；小山 cave 山洞；洞穴
valley 山谷 canyon峡谷
island 岛 beach 海滩；沙滩
forest 森林；林区 jungle丛林
plant 植物 bamboo 竹子
grass 草坪 flower 花；花朵
leaf叶子 mud 泥
第三课时　Developing ideas(Listening and speaking)
一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填写单词
1．Steam rose from the boiling(滚热的) kettle.
2．During our science class, we made a surprising discovery about how different plants react(反应) to sunlight.
3．Our teacher asked us to make a display board(布告牌) about the weather in our city.
4．The chemicals(化学物质) in batteries produce electricity.
5．The blue whale is the largest animal in the world.
二、单项选择
1．The little boy was B how stars shine, so he asked his father many questions.
A．afraid of B．curious about
C．worried about
2．The cup B boiled water. Don't touch it.
A．fill with B．is full of C．full of
3．I can hardly knowB so many used cars.
A．how to do with B．what to do with
C．what to deal with
4．When you are feeling lonely，remember that A friends will always be there for you.
A．true B．truly C．truth
5．Linda's aunt is a C. Her job is to do research in ________.
A．science；scientist B．science；science
C．scientist；science
6．Boys and girls, to avoid C mistakes, please read the questions on the paper as carefully as ________.
A．to make；possible
B．to make；impossible
C．making；possible
7．Betty thinks A trees can improve the air.
A．that B．when C．what
8．The teacher told us that the sun C in the east.
A．rose B．has risen C．rises
9．She said that Ken C Joe for the school magazine when she passed by the classroom.
A．interviews B．interviewed
C．was interviewing
10．My father C drive to his workplace, but now he has ________ riding a bike there to keep fit.
A．used to；used to
B．got used to；used to
C．used to；got used to
三、阅读理解
(广东深圳期末改编)Rainforests are amazing places full of different kinds of plants, food, birds and animals.Can you believe that a single forest in the Amazon may have more kinds of ants than the whole of Britain! And in just one small part of the rainforest, there can be about 480 different kinds of trees.
Rainforests have a smart way of staying healthy.The tall trees make a canopy(树冠层) of branches(树枝) and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, great dry heat from the sun and strong winds.They really play an important role in the health of the rainforests.
The trees in the rainforests grow in an interesting way.Even though they are close to each other, their branches and leaves never touch those of another tree.Scientists think this is the trees' way to protect themselves so that they won't get diseases from another tree.It also makes it more difficult for insects, which eat leaves, to move from one tree to another.To live in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the space between trees.
Rainforests get their name for a reason—they get a lot of rain! They can make 75% of their own rain.At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal, and in some areas, there may be as much as 430 inches of rain every year.In just two hours, rivers can rise ten to twenty feet.The humidity(湿气) of large rainforests helps to form rainclouds that may travel to other countries which are in need of rain.Rainforests are a part of nature that help support the environment and keep our planet healthy.
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了热带雨林的多样性及其在生态系统中的重要作用。
1．What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph？B
A．They cover a large area.
B．They have a lot of wildlife.
C．They are managed by humans.
细节理解题。根据“Rainforests are amazing places full of different kinds of plants, food, birds and animals.”可知，热带雨林中有很多种类的野生动植物。
2．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 2 refer to？A
A．Tall trees. B．Smaller plants.
C．Forest animals.
代词指代题。根据“The tall trees make a canopy of branches and leaves which protect themselves...They really play an important role in the health of the rainforests.”可知，树冠层由高大的树木形成，保护自己、小植物和森林动物免受大雨、强烈的干热和强风的侵袭。故画线单词“They”指的是高大的树木。
3．Why do the trees' branches and leaves never touch those of another tree？B
A．To get more sunlight.
B．To protect themselves.
C．To have more growing space.
细节理解题。根据“Scientists think this is the trees' way to protect themselves so that they won't get diseases from another tree.”可知，树木的枝叶不接触是为了保护自己，不会从其他树木那里感染疾病。
4．Which of the following best describes rainforests according to the last paragraph？C
A．Famous. B．Dangerous. C．Important.
推理判断题。根据“Rainforests are a part of nature that help support the environment and keep our planet healthy.”可知，热带雨林是自然的一部分，有助于保护环境并保持地球健康。因此，热带雨林对生态系统非常重要。
5．What is the purpose of the text？C
A．To tell the weather in rainforests.
B．To warn the danger in rainforests.
C．To give an introduction of rainforests.
写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了热带雨林的多样性及其在生态系统中的重要作用，目的是让读者了解热带雨林。
四、完形填空
(江苏苏州期末改编)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意。从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
The earth was once “ruled” by a kind of animal called dinosaur from 65 to 230 million years ago.Then no dinosaurs __1__ on the earth.Only huge bones, eggs or __2__ were left behind.What did the dinosaurs look like Why did they die out Scientists spent 10 years collecting a lot of information of dinosaurs to show to the world.
There are dinosaurs of all __3__ and sizes.Some of them were long necked；some were fierce(凶猛的)；some flew in the sky；some lived in the ocean.Some dinosaurs ate plants；some ate meat；others might eat __4__．Some dinosaurs were as __5__ as five floor tall buildings while some were only as big as chickens.
Scientists have tried to explain why no dinosaurs survived 65 million years ago.Some think that 65 million years ago, a comet(彗星) fell down to the earth.It __6__ the sky with dust which stopped the sunlight.As a result, the earth became so __7__ that the plants died.Dinosaurs had nothing to eat, so they all died, too.But others believe dinosaurs died because of poisonous(有毒的) plants, or gases, or climate changes.They all agree that __8__ dinosaurs could not get used to the changes in living conditions on the earth.
People think dinosaurs are amazing, so they star in many movies.But to scientists, why the dinosaurs died out is more important because the __9__ that led to the death of dinosaurs might also be a danger to human beings.Scientists need to learn more about it so that they can make an effort to __10__ such disasters.
1．A.recorded B．remained C．reminded
2．A.footprints B．clues C．stones
3．A.ages B．moods C．shapes
4．A.all B．any C．both
5．A.small B．medium C．tall
6．A.filled B．charged C．impressed
7．A.cold B．warm C．windy
8．A.finally B．hardly C．luckily
9．A.worry B．research C．cause
10．A.make up B．guard against
C．go over
1．B　2.A　3.C　4.C　5.C
6．A　7.A　8.A　9.C　10.B
第四课时　Developing ideas(Reading for writing)
一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填写单词
1．Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and other Disney cartoon characters gave endless(无数的) joy to millions of children.
2．AI has been widely used in most countries(国家). More and more users like to use it.
3．Mr Li's granddaughters(孙女) usually watch TV in the living room.
4．Walking on the moon was a great achievement(成就) for mankind.
5．The Grand Canyon(科罗拉多大峡谷) is a great natural wonder in the United States.
二、单项选择
1．He has lived here C five years ago and finally found his dream job ________ last month.
A．for；in the end
B．since；in the end
C．since；at the end of
2．—Listen！B is coming.
—No，nobody is coming.I can't hear ________.
A．Somebody；nobody
B．Somebody；anybody
C．Anybody；nobody
3．The young woman is C．She has a lot of money.
A．poor B．sad
C．wealthy
4．—I'm truly sorry that things had to end like this.
—Never mind. Let's A what else we can do for it.
A．think about B．look for
C．carry on
5．Andy studies C. He ________ plays computer games.
A．hard；hard B．hardly；hardly
C．hard；hardly
6．We all know that many animals like tigers and lions B meat eating animals feed on meat.
A．belong to B．belonging to
C．belonged to
7．Which of these blouses feels B
A．soft B．the softest
C．the softer
8．A curious mind can drive people B new knowledge and discover amazing things.
A．explore B．to explore
C．exploring
9．—Tom finished his work yesterday.　
—A,_and ________.
A．So he did；so did I
B．So did he；so I did
C．So he did；so I did
10．The police sometimes wear plain clothes C special tasks.
A．carries out B．carried out
C．to carry out
三、短文填空
(海南三模)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。
Plants don't have real clocks, but they can still tell time.This is because they have a clock inside called a “circadian rhythm(昼夜节律)”．It helps them know when to wake up, grow and rest.This ability works much like our own sleep wake cycle(周期).1.D
Light is a key way for plants to tell time.During the day, sunlight tells plants that it's time to start photosynthesis(光合作用).Photosynthesis is the way that green plants make their food using sunlight.2.C Some plants even close their leaves at night and open them again in the morning.This is like their way of saying, “It's bedtime！” and “Good morning！”3.F For example, some flowers only come out in the short day of winter or the long day of summer.
4．B In spring, warm weather tells plants it's time to grow and come out.In winter, cold temperatures tell them to slow down and rest.This helps them avoid very hot or cold weather and make the most of good growing conditions.
How amazing plants are！5.E Understanding them can help us grow more food and protect the natural environment.Next time you see a flower open at the same time each day, remember that it is following nature's perfect clock.
A．The temperature should be about 20℃.
B．Temperature also helps plants tell time.
C.At night, the darkness tells plants it's time to rest.
D.The ability is important for plants to protect themselves.
E．Now scientists are still studying how plant clocks work.
F．Some plants depend on daylight time to decide when to come out.
四、任务型读写
(海南期中)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容按要求完成任务。
Last June, when my mother told me she had planned a four day visit to Dubai, I was very excited.Tourists from all over the world come to see the sights in this amazing city and experience its culture.
On our first day, we visited the Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world.It is 828 metres high and it holds several records(记录).After that, we visited the Arabian Desert.
The next day, we visited the Palm Jumeirah, the world's largest man made island.The island is made from all natural materials because the Prince of Dubai wanted to give it a more natural look.The island itself looks like a palm tree(棕榈树) from above.
Dubai is home to the world's largest gold market.So on the third day, after a short boat ride away from our hotel, my family and I spent the whole day shopping there.We returned home in the afternoon the next day.It was a wonderful trip.
Task Ⅰ：Finish the chart according to the article.Fill in each blank with no more than 3 words.
A 1.Wonderful Trip to Dubai About the trip Arrangement Time：Last June
Duration(持续时间)：2.Four/4 days
3.Place：Dubai
On the first day, they visited the tallest building in the world.
The next day, they visited the Palm Jumeirah.To look 4.more_natural,_the island is made from all natural materials.
On the third day, they went to the gold market by boat.They 5.shopped in the market.
Task Ⅱ：Answer the following questions.
6．How did the writer feel when his mother told him about the Dubai trip
He_was_excited.
7．Why is the Palm Jumeirah made from all natural materials
Because_the_Prince_of_Dubai_wanted_to_give_it_a_more_natural_look.
8．Do you want to visit Dubai one day Why or why not Explain your reason(s) in about 20 words.
Yes,_I_do.Because_Dubai_has_many_amazing_sights_like_the_Burj_Khalifa_and_the_Palm_Jumeirah,_and_I_want_to_experience_its_culture.(开放性题目，言之有理即可)
第五课时　单元话题写作
本单元话题是“Looking into nature”，通过探索自然，捕捉了大自然的秘密，了解了对生命至关重要的植物。要求同学们写一篇关于探索自然的文章。
一、话题词汇、短语
二、常用句型
1．她早期的诗歌展现了她良好的思想和对自然的热爱。
Her early poems showed her good mind and love of nature．
2．让我们一起探索书中奇妙的世界吧！
Let's explore the wonderful world of books together!
3．据传说，神农偶然发现了茶。
According to the legend, Shennong discovered tea by accident．
4．这位年轻的科学家对研究森林植物很感兴趣。
The young scientist is very interested in studying plants in the forest.
(辽宁沈阳阶段练习)假定你是李辉，你的朋友Nathan来信询问中国“两弹一星”元勋钱学森的相关信息。请你根据表格所提供的信息，给他写一封回信。
基本 信息 中国著名科学家(1911.12—2009.10)，出生于中国上海
教育 背景 1934年毕业于上海交通大学，后赴美留学，获博士学位
主要 成就 1.参与美国早期火箭研究，1955年回到中国； 2．领导研制中国第一颗人造卫星，推动导弹和空间探索领域的发展； 3．中国航天事业的奠基人，被誉为“中国航天之父”
注意：
1．词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。
参考词汇：missile 导弹；satellite 卫星；the doctor's degree博士学位；the father of China's aerospace中国航天之父
Dear Nathan，
I know you want to learn about Qian Xuesen. Now let me tell you.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
I hope the information can help you and I am looking forward to your letter.
Yours，
Li Hui
★思路点拨
1．体裁：书信
2．人称：第三人称
3．时态：一般过去时和一般现在时
4．写作框架
★写作范文
Dear_Nathan，
I_know_you_want_to_learn_about_Qian_Xuesen._Now_let_me_tell_you.
Qian Xuesen was one of China's greatest scientists. Born in Shanghai in 1911, he graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934 and later went to the United States to study, where he got his doctor's degree. After taking part in early rocket research there, he returned to China in 1955. He led the development of China's first satellite and promoted the building of missiles and space programs. Known as “the father of China's aerospace”， he made great contributions to the nation's science and technology. He died in 2009, but his spirit still inspires young people.
I_hope_the_information_can_help_you_and_I_am_looking_forward_to_your_letter.
Yours，
Li_Hui
请根据以下内容写一篇关于瓦斯科·达·伽马的英语短文。
人物 瓦斯科·达·伽马(Vasco da Gama)
身份 著名探险家，第一个从欧洲航海到印度的人
续表
经历 1497年，乘船前往印度十个月后，抵达了印度南部的一个城市，试图与该城市的领袖建立贸易关系，但未成功；1499年回国，并带回了许多与当地人交换的宝物；后来又三次前往印度
成就 开辟了欧洲通往印度的贸易航线
注意：词数80左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
Vasco da Gama, a famous explorer, was known as the first man to sail from Europe to India.In_1497,_he_set_sail_and_arrived_in_a_city_in_southern_India_after_ten_months.When_he_was_there,_he_tried_to_set_up_a_trade_relationship_with_the_leader_of_the_city_but_he_didn't_succeed.In_1499,_he_returned_to_his_own_country_with_lots_of_treasure_that_he_exchanged_with_the_local_people.Later,_he_sailed_to_India_for_three_times.Because_of_his_travels,_a_trade_route_from_Europe_to_India_has_been_opened_up_since_then.
第六课时　单元重难点归纳
考点1?　unknown的用法
unknown作形容词，意为“不知道的，未知的”，反义词为known；常见搭配：be known as“被称为；被认为是”，强调因某种身份、特征或称号而被熟知；be known for“因……而闻名”，强调因某特征、成就或行为被熟知。
【拓展】know 作动词，意为“知道；了解；认识”，过去式/过去分词为knew/known
单项选择
1．The girl is well known B a singer to everyone in her hometown.
A．for 　B．as
C．to
2．Canada is_famous_for its fantastic natural scenery.B
A．is well known as
B．is well known for
C．is considered as
3．ChatGPT is known B its ability to process and develop human like texts in a short time.
A．as B．for C．to
4．—Excuse me, when did you C the man in blue
—Last year.And I ________ him for one year.
A．known；have known B．know；knew
C．know；have known
考点2?　辨析 alive，lively，lovely与living
词汇 词性及含义 用法
alive adj.活着的；有活力的 常作后置定语和表语
lively adj.活泼的；生动的 作表语和定语
lovely adj.可爱的；美好的 表示主观喜爱，修饰外观或感受
living adj.活着的；现存的；n.生计 作形容词时，常作前置定语，也可作表语
单项选择
1．—Look! There are so many wild birds in the tree now after the long winter days.
—Yes.Many endangered birds are still C and now the forest is ________.
A．lively；lively B．alive；alive
C．alive；lively
2．Mr White is one of the greatestAwriters.He is still________.
A．living；alive B．living；live
C．alive；living
3．—Is your grandmother still C
—Of course.She ________ with my aunt in the countryside.
A．live；lives B．living；alive
C．alive；lives
4．The young teacher who has a A face can make his classes ________and interesting.
A．lovely；lively B．lovely；lovely
C．likely；friendly
考点3　argument的用法
argument 作名词，意为“论点，论据；争论”，常见搭配如下：
have an argument with sb与某人发生争执；
have an argument about sth就某事争执
【拓展】argue 作动词，意为“争论，争辩”，常见搭配如下：
argue with sb与某人争论；
argue about sth就某事争论；
argue with sb about/over sth就某事与某人争论
单项选择
1．In our class, our teacher often makes us B each other ________ a problem.
A．not to argue with；about
B．not argue with；about
C．not to argue with；for
2．—What C did they ________ yesterday
—The plan for the National Holidays.
A．other；argue B．else；argue
C．else；argue about
3．—I hadA my parents.What should I do
—You should communicate with them.
A．an argument with
B．an argument about
C．argue with
考点4?　辨析true，truly与truth
词汇 词性及含义 用法
true adj.符合事实的，真的，真实的 修饰名词或作表语，跟在be动词或系动词后；常见搭配：come true“实现，成为现实”
truly adv.真实地，真正地 主要用于修饰动词、形容词或整个句子
续表
词汇 词性及含义 用法
truth n.真相，事实 在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语，常见搭配：find out the truth“查明真相”；tell the truth“说实话”
单项选择
1．When he was twenty years old, his dream came C．
A．truth B．truly C．true
2．Though I watch football matches，to tell the B,_I don't like football.
A．truth B．truth C．true
3．—Some students always say that Miss Zhang is very strict.
—That's not C．In fact, she's very friendly to her students.
A．truth B．truly C．true
4．—Reading makes a full man.
—I A agree with you.Wherever I go, there is always a book with me.
A．truly B．easily C．heavily
考点5?　辨析boil，boiling与boiled
词汇 词性及含义 用法
boil 作动词，意为“沸腾；煮沸”； 作名词，意为“沸腾(状态)；沸点” 常见搭配：boil＋液体(water/milk/oil)；boil sth (for＋时间)
boiling 作形容词，意为“很热的，滚热的” 动词的现在分词形式，表示动作正在进行，常见搭配：boiling water，“沸水”；boiling hot“酷热”
boiled 作形容词，意为“煮沸的；煮熟的” 动词的过去分词形式，表示动作已完成，常见搭配：boiled water“开水”；boiled eggs“煮鸡蛋”
单项选择
1．—Do you need my help to boil the eggs
—Thanks.They A five minutes ago.
A．were boiled B．are boiled
C．will be boiled
2．Water B at 100 ℃.
A．will boil B．boils C．boiling
3．—Must I take some medicine
—No, you needn't.Just drink more B water.
A．boiling B．boiled C．boil
4．Wait a moment, please.I am C water, and then you can drink some ________ water.
A．boiled；boiling B．boiling；boiling
C．boiling；boiled
考点6?　endless的用法
endless 作形容词，意为“无数的，无限的”
【拓展】end 的用法
1．作名词，意为“终点，末端；结束，结尾”，常见搭配如下：
at the end of 在……结束时/末端；
in the end 最终，相当于 finally；
by the end of 到……结束时
2．作动词，意为“(使)结束，终止”，指停止某个动作或过程。
单项选择
1．Let Mike drink some milk A the end of the meal.
A．at B．in C．by
2．A,_police found the missing child ________ the road.
A．In the end；at the end of
B．At the end；in the end of
C．In the end；by the end of
3．My sister and I are going to Germany for vocation B the end of this year.
A．by B．at C．in
4．—I feel bored with his B talk.
—Here are some magazines for you to look through.
A．hopeless B．endless C．ending
5．—Sir, it seems that we have no points in common.
—Let's agree to disagree and C the meeting.
A．ending B．endless C．end
考点7?　hardly的用法
hardly 作副词，意为“几乎不”，带有否定意味，相当于 almost not，常修饰动词，也可以修饰形容词或副词。
【拓展】hard，作形容词，意为“努力的；坚硬的；困难的；剧烈的”，修饰名词；还可作副词，意为“努力地；猛烈地；费力地”，修饰动词。
单项选择
1．Tom studies C．He ________ plays with his friends.
A．hard；hard B．hardly；hardly
C．hard；hardly
2．You should use the machine in a right way.Don't press the pedal(脚踏板) too B,_or it can ________ move.
A．hard；hard B．hard；hardly
C．hardly；hard
3．—Tom works veryC at his lessons.Now he is a top student.
—Really He has changed so much that I can ________ believe it.
A．hard；hard B．hardly；hardly
C．hard；hardly
Presenting ideas
Search for information about achievements in nature exploration in groups.Then make a poster about an achievement in nature exploration.Here is an example.
Who made it？ What did he/she explain？ What benefits can we get？
Suzanne Simard She explained how these “Mother trees” pass on the wealth to the next generation, which transport important resources to young trees. If we put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
　　Suzanne Simard, forest ecologist at the University of British Columbia, talks about “Mother trees”．These are usually the largest, oldest plants that on which all other trees depend.She said that trees can communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation—their young trees.She explains how these “Mother trees” pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important resources to young trees, so they may continue to grow.
“Mother trees” move nutrition into the young trees before dying.If we put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
海南阅读题型训练
一、阅读理解
(河南洛阳期中)Are you happy with how you look Some people may be upset because they are too fat or too short.Some people may be unhappy because of wrinkles or freckles(雀斑) on their faces.This feeling about our bodies is called body image, and it can affect our mental health.
John from the University of California and his team studied how nature affects body image.They found that walking in the snow helps!
“We have known that nature is good for our minds and bodies，” said John.“We want to see whether spending time in a snowy environment can also help people feel better about their bodies.”
To do this, they asked 100 women to take a walk in a snowy forest.Then they asked the women how they felt about their bodies before and after the walk.They found that the women felt better about their bodies after the walk.Spending time in the snow made them happier!
Earlier studies had shown that green environments, like parks, and blue environments, like rivers, can improve body image.But this was the first time that snowy places were found to help.John was very delighted with the results. “Spending time in nature is good for us, even in winter！” he said.
John also believes that it's important for kids to spend time in nature.“It's good for them to get out and explore nature at any time of the year，” he said.“If kids spend more time outside, they will feel more connected to nature and happy.”
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了自然环境对改善身体形象和心理健康具有积极作用，尤其是孩子们亲近自然可以增强与自然的联系并提升幸福感。
1．How does the writer start the passage？C
A．By making jokes.
B．By telling stories.
C．By giving the facts.
细节理解题。根据“Some people may be upset because they are too fat or too short.Some people may be unhappy because of wrinkles or freckles...”可知，本文是通过给出一些事实开篇的。
2．According to earlier studies, what environments can improve body image？B
A．Snowy and green environments.
B．Green and blue environments.
C．Noisy and blue environments.
细节理解题。根据“Earlier studies had shown that green environments, like parks, and blue environments, like rivers, can improve body image.”可知，此前的研究已经表明，绿色环境和蓝色环境可以改善身体形象。
3．What does the underline word “delighted” most likely mean in the passage？C
A．惊讶的 B．失望的
C．满意的
词义猜测题。根据“But this was the first time that snowy places were found to help.John was very delighted with the results. ‘Spending time in nature is good for us, even in winter！’”可知，这是第一次发现雪地环境也有帮助，约翰对这一结果感到非常高兴，故画线单词意为“满意的”。
4．What does John suggest for children？B
A．They should stay indoors during winter.
B．They should spend more time in nature.
C．They should avoid snowy environments.
细节理解题。根据“John also believes that it's important for kids to spend time in nature.”可知，约翰还认为，孩子们花时间亲近自然也很重要。
5．What is the main purpose of the passage？A
A.To discuss the effects of nature on body image.
B．To tell a story about a famous scientist.
C．To encourage people to lose weight.
写作意图题。本文主要介绍了自然环境对改善身体形象和心理健康的积极作用，所以文章目的是讨论自然对身体形象的影响。
根据阅读理解，完成下面内容。
Ⅰ.单词、短语积累
1．皱纹wrinkle
2．影响affect
3．心理mental
4．满意的delighted
5．在雪林中in_a_snowy_forest
6．探索自然explore_nature
Ⅱ.句子积累
1．早期研究表明，绿色环境如公园和蓝色环境如河流可以改善身体形象。
Earlier_studies_had_shown_that_green_environments,_like_parks,_and_blue_environments,_like_rivers,_can_improve_body_image.
2．花时间在自然中对我们有益。
Spending_time_in_nature_is_good_for_us.
3．如果孩子们花更多时间在户外，他们会感到与自然更加亲近，并感到快乐。
If_kids_spend_more_time_outside,_they_will_feel_more_connected_to_nature_and_happy.
Ⅲ.微写作
查尔斯·达尔文(Charles Darwin)是一位伟大的科学家，他小时候就喜欢在大自然中观察，喜欢收集石头、树叶等。 他十六岁进入爱丁堡大学(Edinburgh University)，对自然史产生了浓厚的兴趣。终其一生，他都在坚持不懈地从事科学研究。
Charles_Darwin_was_a_great_scientist.As_a_boy,_he_liked_to_observe_everything_in_the_nature.He_was_fond_of_collecting_stones,_leaves_and_so_on.When_he_was_16_years_old,_he_was_sent_to_Edinburgh_University.And_he_was_interested_in_natural_history.He_kept_on_his_scientific_studies_all_his_life.
二、完形填空
(海南期末)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意。从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
In 1640, a man was seriously ill and weak.He had to end the last trip of his life.This man was Xu Xiake, the greatest __1__ in Chinese history.
Back home, people asked him if he __2__ to spend his whole life on the road.“I walked through many fantastic places on my own in China，” he answered.“People say I'm as great as Zhang Qian and Xuanzang.__3__ I have no regrets at all.”
From an early age, Xu dreamed of visiting China's seas and mountains.But at that time, it was very __4__ to travel far.This didn't stop him, however.At 22, he set out on his life's journey.He __5__ for about 30 years, and achieved his dream.
Xu made many discoveries in __6__ during his journey.Once, he visited Mount Huangshan.People then thought Tiandu Peak(峰) was higher than Lianhua Peak.To __7__ the truth, Xu climbed both peaks.He discovered that Lianhua Peak gave a wider view, so it must be __8__．He was right!
Xu wrote down his travel experiences in his __9__ Xu Xiake's Travel Notes.Thanks to this book, we can truly learn about China almost 400 years ago.“Exploring the unexplored” is the best description of Xu's __10__．
1．A.painter B．teacher
C．traveller
2．A.remembered B．regretted
C．decided
3．A.But B．So
C．Or
4．A.easy B．hard
C．fun
5．A.travelled B．studied
C．worked
6．A.biology B．physics
C．geography
7．A.find out B．try out
C．look out
8．A.wider B．lower
C．higher
9．A.letter B．book
C．photos
10．A.life B．hometown
C．family
1．C　2.B　3.B　4.B　5.A
6．C　7.A　8.C　9.B　10.A
三、短文填空
(山东德州期末)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Earth is our home.It has air that we can breathe(呼吸).It has water for us to drink.It has some plants and some animals that we can eat.Earth is not too hot or too cold for us.1.C
We are on earth, but we can see things that are not on earth.Early in the morning, we can see the sun come up.All day, the sun seems to move across the sky.2.E But the sun is not really moving around us.We are the ones who are moving.Every morning, we turn towards the sun.Every night, we turn away from it.Every year, we go around it.Earth is our spaceship.3.A
At night, we can often see the moon and stars.Looking from earth, stars look like little points of light because they are so far away.But stars are really big.A star is a great mass(团) of burning gas(燃烧的气体).4.B Our sun is a star.
There are eight planets moving around our sun.5.F Some of the planets have moons.A moon goes around a planet just as a planet goes around a star.Earth has only one moon.Some planets have more.
A．All of us in the ship are riding around the sun.
B．It gives off light and heat(热).
C．It has everything we need to live.
D．But we want to visit the moon some day.
E．Later in the day，we can see the sun go down.
F．Earth is the third planet from the sun.

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