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参考答案
第一部分 词汇知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
1. harmful 2. Bitten 3. eagerness 4. tendency 5. operation
6. whispering 7. covering 8. energetic 9. causing 10. tension
第二节单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
11. published 12. illustrate 13. virtue 14. imports 15. dilemma
16. precious 17. physician 18. staff 19. flexible plained
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节 阅读理解 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
21. D 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. B
29. C 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D
第二节 七选五 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
36. D 37. B 38. C 39. F 40. E
第三部分：语言运用(共三节，满分45分)
第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题 1分，满分15分)
41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. D
50. A 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. D
第二节 语篇语法填空(10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
56. who 57.Affected 58.marriage/marrying 59.responded 60.to be hired
61.a 62.Unfortunately 63.fees 64.publishing 65.for
翻译：汉译英（每小题3分，满分15分）
66. The professor spoke neither English nor German.
67. If so, someone must stay here.
68. I opened the door and found all my classmates waiting for me.
69. Seeing her husband, she struggled to her feet and shouted, "I m here!"
70. When getting along with your foreign friends, mind your manners and remain modest and honest./When getting on with your foreign friends, mind your manners and remain modest and honest.
第四部分写作（共一节，满分25分）
第一节应用文写作（满分25分）
The Virtue I Value Most
There are many virtues we should value to live a meaningful life, such as kindness, wisdom, courage and justice. However, what I value most is honesty.
As the saying goes, "Honesty is the best policy." This is absolutely true. As one of the core socialist values, honesty is the fundamental factor on which all human relationships are based. Without honesty, our society will be filled with lies and fake products. As a result, nobody can be trusted and nothing can be achieved.
My fellow students, let s always be honest. An honest person will win friends, an honest company will win customers, and an honest country will win the respect from the whole world.
My fellow students,let's always be honest.An honest person will win friends,an honest company will win customers,and an honest country will win the respect from the whole world.Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 训练卷-2025-2026学年人教版高中英语必修第三册
第一部分 词汇知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
1.Some young mothers have no idea that fruit juices can be (harm) to children s teeth.
2. (bite) by the snake in the bush, Susan was soon sent to the clinic.
3.I flew to Kulangsu in my (eager) to enjoy its beautiful scenery.
4.When I was young, I was often asked," What is your occupation (tend)
5.Charles was at the clinic recovering from an (operate) on his arm.
6.Though it was only December, I found my students already (whisper) about the Spring Festival plans.
7.China is one of the largest countries in the world, (cover) about 9.6 million square kilometres.
8.My grandfather is as (energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.
9.The heavy snow lasted a few days so that many villages were cut off, thus (cause) much inconvenience to the villagers.
10.We laughed and that helped ease the (tense).
第二节单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
11.He wrote many children s books, half of which were （出版） in the 1990s.
12.He quoted some old Chinese sayings to （阐明）his points.
13.There is no greater ________ (美德) than offering a helping hand to those in need.
14.Varieties of (进口商品) from Africa including coffee, cocoa and olive oil are sold in that shop.
15.He was faced with the (困境) of whether or not to return to his country.
16.A family break allows you to spend (宝贵的) time together.
17.A (内科医生) and an engineer were arguing about what was the oldest profession in the world.
18.More than half of the workers and (全体职员) members in this factory are women.
19.You need to be more (灵活的) and imaginative in your approach.
20.He (抱怨) bitterly that he had been unfairly treated in his work.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Unique Ways to Give
The feel-good reward of giving is huge. Since 2021, the rate of giving has increased all over the world. Here are four creative ways people around the world are giving back.
Rice Bucket Challenge
The Rice Bucket Challenge (RBC) was started in India to fight hunger. You simply give a bucket of rice to a person or family, take a photo and post it on social media through the app RBC with a message encouraging others to do the same. Or people can offer money through the app for it. To date, the Rice Bucket Challenge has given away about 35,000 kilograms of rice.
Donation Fence
For the past six years, Hamburg Donation Fence in Germany has encouraged locals in that city to hang bags of clean clothing, tooth brushes and sleeping bags on a fence near Hamburg’s central train station. People without homes can take those bags as needed.
Little Free Libraries
Some places of China host Little Free Libraries. All you need to do is build (or buy) a box and fill it with books you’ve finished reading. Anyone can take, leave or exchange a book from the box. The goal is to promote reading, but when neighbors connect, community-building is a happy unexpected result.
Commu App
How do people wanting to volunteer connect with groups needing help In 2021 in Finland, three young men founded Commu, an app that makes it easy for people to offer help to those in need or to ask for help in their communities. It also works in English, Ukrainian and Norwegian.
21.Who might Donation Fence want to help
A. The librarians. B. The volunteers.
C. The hungry people. D. The homeless people.
22.What is the purpose of Little Free Libraries
A. To fight hunger. B. To connect with neighbors.
C. To exchange books. D. To encourage reading.
23.Which language does Commu App use
A. Indian. B. Norwegian. C. Chinese. D. German.
B
My sister Alice and I have been trying to get people to stop dropping cigarette butts (烟头) for seven years. One day, we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground. They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people stop dropping butts. We called it “No Butts About It”.
At first, we drew pictures with “The Earth is not your ashtray (烟灰缸)” written on them. We put the pictures around our hometown—in parks, by beaches, and along roads. We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment. Most smokers don’t think that dropping butts hurts the Earth. But it does, and all rubbish does!
Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money to buy ashtrays to give to smokers. We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn’t have to drop butts.
At the moment, we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes. Some companies want to do it. Many people have started to join our group since it began. Today there are 45 other “No Butts About It” groups in America.
Now there are groups even in the UK, Australia, and India! Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for what we do. But we are not interested in prizes. We just want to make the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals, plants and people.
One day, it will be.
24.What did the writer think about the cigarette butts in the first place
A. They made the town smelly. B. They made the town unhealthy.
C. They made the town dirty. D. They made the town poor.
25.What does the writer do with the cigarette butts
A. Give ashtrays to the smokers. B. Stop people buying cigarettes.
C. Pick up the cigarette butts. D. Win prizes for starting groups.
26.What can we know from the passage
A. No companies wanted to give money to them.
B. The writer believes that the Earth will be a better and cleaner place.
C. There are only 45 “No Butts About It” groups.
D. The writer likes to be on newspapers and win prizes.
27.What is the best title for the passage
A. Save Our Town from Cigarette Butts
B. Buy Yourself an Ashtray
C. Stop Smoking for Your Health
D. Protect the Environment in a Unique Way
C
An important lesson in the moral education of children could be as close as the book in their hands. Stories can play a role in shifting the importance of particular moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study.
“Media can markedly influence separate moral values and get kids to place more or less importance on those values depending on what is uniquely stressed in that content,” says Lindsay Hahn, PhD, assistant professor of communication at the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences.
Hahn is the first author of the new study, which adds an important part to a body of literature that explores how media content affects children. While many previous studies have focused on broad conceptualisations（概念化）, like positive or negative effects of specific content, Hahn s study looks at how reading of content featuring specific moral values (care, fairness, loyalty, and authority) might influence the weight kids place on those values.
Do children reading about particular moral characteristics absorb those qualities as building blocks for their own morality The findings suggest so, and further support how this indirect approach to socialising children s morality can add to the direct teaching of moral principles kids might receive through formal instruction.
For the study, Hahn and her colleagues took the main character from a teen story and edited the content to reflect in each version the study s focus on one of four moral values. A fifth version was changed in a way that featured an amoral main character. The stories were shared with about 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14.
The team then created a scale（量表）designed to measure the importance kids place on moral values to find out how participants might be influenced by specific stories.
“Measuring these effects can be difficult,” says Hahn of the research, published in the Journal of Media Psychology. “That s why one purpose of this research was to develop a measure of moral values for kids. Nothing like that exists yet, that we know of.”
28.What does the underlined word “shifting” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Increasing. B. Changing. C. Reflecting. D. Replacing.
29.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The response of the general public to Hahn s study.
B. The contribution of Hahn s study to children s literature.
C. The difference between Hahn s study and previous studies.
D. The branches of research on media influences on children.
30.What do the results of the study show
A. Good virtues can carry children through hard times.
B. Good morals in stories help shape children s values.
C. Teaching moral principles directly to kids seems useless.
D. Reading stories is a better approach than formal instructions.
31.What did Hahn s team do for the study
A. They created a chain story out of an old character.
B. They tested different moral principles in children.
C. They illustrated the study for younger participants.
D. They adapted a character and created five stories.
D
Researchers at the Allen Institute for AI in Seattle released new technology that was designed to make moral judgments. They called it Delphi. Anyone could visit the Delphi website and ask it a moral question.
Psychologist Joseph Austerweil tested the technology using a few simple circumstances. When he asked if it was right to kill one person to save 100 others, it said he should. Feeling quite pleased, he then asked if he should kill one person to save 101 others. This time, Delphi said he should not. Though some users such as Austerweil found Delphi was sometimes frustrating and disturbing, most agreed that the system was surprisingly wise. Many technologists believed Delphi is an effort to address what some see as a major problem in modern AI systems: They can be as flawed as the people who create them.
Facial recognition systems and digital assistants occasionally show prejudice against women and people of color. Social networks like Facebook fail to control hate speech, despite wide use of AI. AI systems used by courts make sentencing (判刑) recommendations that can often seem illogical. Many computer scientists are working to address that issue. And the creators of Delphi hope to build a moral framework that could be used in any online service, robot or vehicle.
Delphi works like a neural (神经的) network that learns skills by analyzing large amounts of data. After gathering millions of everyday circumstances from websites and other sources, the Allen Institute asked workers on an online service—everyday people paid to do digital work at companies like Amazon—to identify each one as right or wrong. Then they fed the data—more than 1.7 million moral judgments by real live humans—into Delphi.
When the Allen Institute released Delphi, it described the system as a computational model for moral judgments. But after many complained about the obvious limitations of the system, the researchers adjusted the website. It now calls Delphi “a research model designed to copy people’s moral judgments”. It also comes with an announcement: “Model outputs should not be used for advice for humans, and could be potentially offensive or harmful.”
32.What does Austerweil most probably think of Delphi
A. It lives up to his expectations. B. It is very professional and patient.
C. It can’t answer questions on morality. D. All moral judgments made by it aren’t reasonable.
33.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “flawed” in paragraph 2
A. Wise. B. Sensitive. C. Faulty. D. Greedy.
34.How did Delphi learn morality
A. It acquired data on morality collected by Amazon.
B. It analyzed humans’ vast number of moral judgments.
C. It studied moral rules established by AI researchers.
D. It collected moral judgments from a lot of websites.
35.What can be inferred from the passage
A. Delphi has been widely used in all walks of life.
B. Delphi does justice to people of any race.
C. Facial recognition systems become more precise.
D. There is a long way to go before Delphi makes accurate moral judgements.
第二节 七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
How to Be a More Responsible Person
Responsibility doesn t come at birth. It is something that is acquired as you age, go to school and progress in life. However, you can hear and see a lot of different things, both good and bad. (36) That s why your sense of responsibility depends only on you. All of it depends on your own decision. Here are a few tips on how to improve your sense of responsibility.
· (37) If you make a mistake, admit it. Instead of making excuses, give the true reason why you failed. By coming up with an excuse, you actually admit to being irresponsible.
·Stop plainers are usually those who talk too much and do nothing. By always complaining about the world around you, you actually fill yourself with negativity. (38) Therefore, stop complaining!
·Overcome postponement. The first step to success is to stop putting things off. Postponement will lead you nowhere. You re responsible for your own future, so stop delaying now and start taking action on what truly matters. (39)
·Be consistent and stick to your schedule. Having a routine is good. (40) Try to wake up at the same time every day. Even on weekends, you could get up earlier instead of staying in bed until noon. This will give you some consistency. Plus, getting up early allows you to have more time for whatever you have to finish that day. Additionally, you should set a schedule for your work and personal tasks, and stick to it.
A．Actions speak louder than words.
B．Stop making excuses for yourself.
C．By being negative, you are suffering terribly.
D．You choose your own behaviour, actions and words.
E．It means order and means you are on the right track.
F．The hours you wasted could have been used for better things.
G．Even though you never complain, you are obviously exhausted.
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分 30分)
第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题 1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Woodward was working at the restaurant. Just then she heard two firefighters (41) a particularly rough task fighting a (42) warehouse (仓库) fire that took 12 hours to get under control. She ended up paying for their breakfast and leaving them a (43) note thanking them for their service.
"Thank you for serving us and for (44) the places everyone runs away from. No matter your roles, you are always courageous and (45) ! Get some rest!" Woodward wrote in the note.
"It made me feel (46) —we firefighters are wanted, people care about us," Mount Holly Fire Department's Paul Hullings said about (47) the message.
His fellow firefighter Tim Young made a post about the dinner experience that was quickly (48) more than 3,000 times. However, it was not until afterward that they realized they could help Woodward in a (49) way.
"Turns out, the young lady who gave us a free meal is (50) the one who needs help. Her father has been a quadriplegic (四肢瘫痪者) since 2010." Young posted along with a (51) to a Gofundme page for Woodward's dad Steve.
(52) news of Young and Hullings' return of kindness got out, the donations quickly met the page's $ 17,000 goal. One anonymous (匿名的) donor (53) by the story gave $5,000.
Steve Woodward was allowed to leave the hospital in Trenton as news of his (54) and the firefighters' kindness spread. He is now doing well back at home and the family wants to (55) a nonprofit (非营利性组织) to help people who are in need.
41.A. take up B. talk about C. carry out D. prepare for
42.A. large B. slight C. frequent D. dying
43.A. personal B. new C. secret D. kind
44.A. giving up B. looking for C. running into D. cleaning up
45.A. brave B. smart C. honest D. modest
46.A. sad B. convinced C. worried D. good
47.A. delivering B. receiving C. answering D. recording
48.A. enjoyed B. collected C. shared D. examined
49.A. similar B. cheerful C. traditional D. meaningful
50.A. really B. merely C. normally D. suddenly
51.A. note B. link C. letter D. picture
52.A. Since B. Before C. Although D. If
53.A. amused B. shocked C. inspired D. described
54.A. daughter B. friend C. boss D. neighbor
55.A. name B. guide C. sell D. create
第二节：语篇语法填空(10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dr. Lin Qiaozhi, (56) is known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, is an amazing woman.
(57) (affect) by her mother s death, she chose to work and study instead of following the traditional path of (58) (marry) at age 18. Her brother complained about her choice, but she (59) (respond), “I d rather stay single to study all my life!” After graduating from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), she became the first woman ever (60) (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. Then within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, (61) position that usually took four years to achieve. (62) (unfortunate), the department was closed because of the war. Thinking of the people in need of help, she opened a private clinic. She charged very low (63) (fee) to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients. In 1954, she was elected to the first National People s Congress and, over the next several decades, she held many important positions. But her heart was elsewhere. She showed more interest in tending patients, (64) (publish) medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors. “As doctors, we should be responsible (65) the patients and treat them as our sisters,” she said.
第三节 翻译：汉译英（每小题3分，满分15分）
66.这个教授既不讲英语，也不讲德语。（neither...nor...）
67.要是这样的话，就得有人待在这儿。（省略句）
68.我打开门，发现我所有的同学都在等着我。（现在分词短语作宾语补足语）
69.看到她的丈夫，她挣扎着站起来，大喊道：“我在这里！”（现在分词短语作状语）
70.与外国友人相处时，要注意个人礼貌，保持谦虚和诚实。（现在分词短语作状语）
第四部分写作（共一节，满分25分）
第一节应用文写作（满分25分）
71.你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以“The Virtue I Value Most”为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
（1）你最珍视的美德是什么；
（2）说明原因；
（3）呼吁大家发扬这一美德。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。
The Virtue I Value Most
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