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(共37张PPT)
Unit 6
Nature in words
Using language
1. To review the usage of non-finite forms as attributive, adverbial and complement.
2. To use non-finite forms as attributive, adverbial and complement.
3. To learn words describing nature and clarify them correctly
4. To listen for why many words describing nature disappeared, and use expressions of giving examples and giving explanations correctly
Learning objectives
Grammar
Activity 1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
Q1. What is the difference between the verbs in bold in sentences (a) and (c)
a … I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
b … wake up to find yourself in another quite different, ...
c … I can see the children flattening their noses against the window, …
d … flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow ...
“Carpeted” in sentence (a) is a past participle used as complement and “flattening” in sentence (c) is a present participle used as complement.
In sentence (b), “to find” indicates result.
Q2. In sentence (b), does “to find” indicate purpose or result
Activity 1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a … I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
b … wake up to find yourself in another quite different, ...
c … I can see the children flattening their noses against the window, …
d … flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow ...
In sentence (d), “to watch” indicates purpose; “falling” is an attributive used to describe the snow.
Activity 1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a … I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
b … wake up to find yourself in another quite different, ...
c … I can see the children flattening their noses against the window, …
d … flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow ...
Q3. In sentence (d), does “to watch” indicate purpose or result
What is the function of “falling”
Now look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage.
1. It is the first fall we have had here this winter, and last year I was out of the country, sweating in a hot climate …, (para.1)
2. There was indeed something curiously disturbing about the whole prospect. (para.4)
a present participle used as adverbial
a present participle used as attributive
Non-finite forms
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三类。
本单元主要复习它们作定语、状语和补语时的用法。
① 作定语
1. 不定式
② 作状语
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
表将来要发生的动作
1. To keep themselves awake, they sat on the floor and told each other stories.
2. We hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had left.
表目的
③作宾补：动词+宾语+不定式
1. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
2. He encouraged me to follow my dreams.
表出乎意料的结果
2. 动名词作状语
1. We need a new working method.
2. The doctor told me not to take sleeping pills.
3. 分词
the falling leaves = the leaves which are falling
the rising sun = the sun which is rising
现在分词作定语和被修饰词之间为主动关系，表示动作正在进行或经常发生，也可表示特征。例如：
过去分词作定语和被修饰词之间是被动、完成关系，表示动作已经完成或表示特征。例如：
the risen sun = the sun which has risen
fallen leaves = the leaves which have fallen
① 作定语
②作状语
Hearing the news, they got excited.
当分词与句子主语形成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用现在分词。例如：
当分词与句子主语形成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用过去分词。例如：
Taken around the city, we were impressed by the city’s new look.
分词作状语在句中可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随等，在这种用法中要特别注意判断分词和逻辑主语之间的关系
I saw them playing games on the playground yesterday.
当分词作补语表示动作正在进行，宾语与作补语的分词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词。例如：
③作补语（宾语补足语）
当分词作补语表示完成意义的行为或状态，或者宾语与作补语的分词之间是被动关系时，用过去分词。例如：
I had my leg broken last week.
常接分词作宾补的动词有感官动词 (see, look at, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel 等)， 使役动词 (have, get 等) 以及其他类动词 (leave, keep , catch, set 等)。
The Lake Poets were a small group of poets 1 ______ (live) in the Lake District of England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The Lake District, 2 _______ (know) for its beauty, is in the north-west of England. The first of the poets 3 ______________ (come) there was Robert Southey, one of the most 4 __________ (respect) poets of his time. He was followed by William Wordsworth, perhaps Britain’s most 5 __________ (celebrate) 19th century poet, and then Samuel Coleridge, who had written the
6 ____________ (pioneer) work Lyrical Ballads with Wordsworth. Soon, 7 ______ (draw) both by its natural beauty and a desire to be near these famous poets, other poets, came 8 ______ (live) in the Lake District. All of these poets were seen as part of the Romantic Movement.
Activity 2 Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
living
known
to come / coming
respected
celebrated
pioneering
drawn
to live
Romantic movement (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.
The Lake Poets(湖畔派诗人)
The Lake Poets were a group of English poets who all lived in the Lake District of England, United Kingdom, in the first half of the nineteenth century. William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey were the three main Lake Poets. These three poets became the central figures of what became known as the Lake School (not really a “school” but more so because they did not adhere to any particular or existing “school” of thought or literary practices). Some of the other poets and writers associated with them (and the Lake School) included Dorothy Wordsworth, Charles Lamb, Mary Lamb, and Hartley Coleridge.
find blow go see fall relax enjoy run
Activity 3 Look at the picture and complete the travel journal entry with the words in the box. Use the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate.
Today, whilst walking along a peaceful river running through a university campus, I was amazed to find…
Today, whilst walking along a peaceful river running through a university campus, I was amazed to find the beauty of the scenery. Located by the river, the library becomes a spot with many students go there to have a rest when they are tired after long-time study. Blown by the gentle wind, petals (花瓣) fell down and floating on the water, making the campus filled with fragrance. Enjoying the sunshine, some students are relaxing themselves by the peaceful river; some are having a discussion about the team work. The beautiful scenery makes me fresh to continue my study.
Sample
Activity 4 Work in pairs. Talk about a travel experience of your own that brought you closer to nature, using the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate.
When it comes to the most unforgettable travel experience, what comes into my mind first was my travel to Qingdao last summer. In the morning, I breathed the fresh air which I haven’t experienced in the city center. Walking on the soft sandy beach in the afternoon, I caught the view of the spectacular sunset. I also enjoyed the night view of the city. Drawn the attention by the flashing neon lights, I was amazed to find the beauty of the city. I promised myself another travel to Qingdao again.
Sample
Vocabulary building
1. What does this paragraph mainly describe
This paragraph mainly describes the beautiful appearance in the month of August.
2. What aspects does the author describe
The author describes the skies, fields, flowers, orchards, trees, wheat and the quality of the light.
Activity 5 Read the paragraph and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words in bold.
There is no month in the whole year in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August. Spring has many beauties, and May is a fresh and blooming month, but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season. August has no such advantage. It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers — when the memory of snow, and ice, and bleak winds, has faded from our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth — and yet what a pleasant time it is!
bloom v. to produce flowers 开花
fade from mind：从脑海中淡去
bleak adj. cold and unpleasant 阴冷的
bleak winds：冷风萧瑟
contrast with：与……形成对比
Orchards and fields sing with the sound of work; trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground; and the wheat, piled in graceful sheaves, or waving in every gentle wind that sweeps above it, tinges the landscape with a golden colour. A soft, pleasant light appears to hang over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself even to a passing wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field is seen by the eye, but makes no loud noises upon the ear.
(Adaptation from The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens)
cluster：a group of things of the same type that grow or appear close together （同类物丛生或聚集的）簇，团，束，串
sheaf：a bunch of wheat tied together after being cut （收割的）小麦捆
sweep：to move suddenly and/or with force over an area or in a particular direction 猛烈吹过；掠过
hang over：笼罩
tinge：to add a small amount of colour to sth （轻微地）给……着色
the well-raped field：收割过的田野
orchard：果园
Activity 6 Put the words in Task 1 into the boxes. Find out what they are used to describe.
loud
clear, green, rich, golden
blooming, bend, bow, piled, waving, sweeps, tinges, makes
thick clusters, graceful sheaves
fresh, sweet-smelling
fresh, bleak, gentle, soft, pleasant
Sound
Action
Colour
Sensation
Smell
Shape
Think and Describe
Now think of more words in each category and add them to the boxes. Then describe nature during your favourite season with the words you have learnt.
Sound: silent; noisy
Color: snowy white; pale blue
Action: shine
Shape: vast
Smell: sweet; fragrant
Sensation: charming; attractive
There are four seasons in a year. My favorite season is spring. In spring, almost everything comes back to life. The snow begins to melt, the trees sprout and the grass turns green. In spring days, the sun shines brightly, the sky is blue and the clouds are snowy white. and there’s also some pleasant breeze. How charming it is while feeling the spring wind blow us. It's also wonderful to enjoy the beautiful sunshine. You will also get a lot of refreshments while having a walk outside.
Sample
Listening & speaking
Open a dictionary, and you’ll be surprised to find that there are many more words about nature than you would think. There are various ways to describe the things we see in the natural world, no matter whether it’s a flower, an animal or the rain. For example, there are many ways to describe the different sounds of birds, such as chatter, chirp, cluck, hoot and tweet. These words can help us to write vivid descriptions of nature.
Activity 7 Listen to the conversation and answer the questions.
1. What book was the man reading
The man was reading a book called Landmarks.
2. Why was the man annoyed
Because he read a book, whose author said many words describing nature were now missing from the new version of the junior dictionary.
3. What was the girl’s opinion
She says we are losing old words all the time. And as times change, new words become as normal to young people as the old ones are to her grandfather.
Activity 8 Listen to the conversation again and correct the mistakes in the man’s blog.
Recently I was reading a book called Landmarks by Robert Macfarlane. What the author wrote made me feel confused. He said that many words describing nature were being added to the new version of the junior dictionary. These are words like “pasture” and “bluebell”. A “pasture” is a dense forest for cows and horses to eat. “Bluebells” are fruit shaped like bells. The reason why they are doing this is that they think these words are irrelevant to children, so instead they’ve replaced them with terms like “film”. Perhaps the dictionary does have a point, because most children don’t get out into nature that much nowadays. They spend all their time watching TV instead. But it’s a pity. In my opinion, these words form part of our literature. They add colour to our lives, and shouldn’t be lost. My granddaughter has the same opinion as me. She says we are losing old words all the time. And as times change, old words become as normal to young people as the new ones are to me.
annoyed
now missing from
field of grass
blue flowers
blog
on computers
history
a different opinion from
new words become as normal to young people as the old ones are to me
Tapescripts
M = male speaker, Eric, grandfather;
F = female speaker, Suzie, his granddaughter
F: Morning, Grandpa!
M: [grumpily] Morning, Suzie.
F: Grandpa, is there something wrong You seem a bit upset.
M: Yes, well... I’m sorry, Suzie. It’s just that I’ve been reading this new book called Landmarks by Robert Macfarlane, and something he wrote about has made me rather annoyed.
F: What is it
M: He explained that many words describing nature were now missing from the new version of the junior dictionary.
F: I don’t quite understand. Can you give me some examples
M: Well, words such as “pasture” and “bluebell”.
F: I don’t know those words. What do they mean
M: The former means a field of grass for cows and horses to eat. “Bluebells” are blue flowers shaped like bells.
F: I’ve never heard of them. Why would they take them out of the dictionary
M: Well, according to Macfarlane, the main reason for doing this is that these words are no longer relevant to children. Instead, they’ve replaced them with new terms like “blog”.
F: I don’t know, maybe the dictionary has a point. Most children don’t get out into nature that much nowadays. They spend much of their time on computers, for instance. I think the new terms they added are words we hear in our everyday use.
M: Ah! That may be true, but it’s a pity.
F: In what way
M: Two reasons, I think. Firstly, children are losing the joy of being young, of being outside under the trees with grass under their feet. Secondly, these words form part of our history. They add colour to our lives, and shouldn’t be lost.
F: I’m not so sure, Grandpa. Young people might not get out into nature much, but we still experience joy. And as for losing words... well, you don’t remember all the words from Shakespeare’s day, do you
M: Er... well, no...
F: Exactly! Times puters play a large part in our lives now. Consider social media. It is as normal to us now as... what was that funny old word you said Posture
M: Pasture, Suzie!
F: Yes. Social media is as normal to young people as pasture is to you.
M: [sighs]
F: [laughs] I know what would cheer you up. Let’s go for a walk outside.
M: Aha! See You can’t beat nature, Suzie, eh
[both laugh]
Work in pairs and act out the conversation.
Morning, Suzie.
Yes, well… I’m sorry, Suzie. It’s just …
Morning, Grandpa!
Grandpa, is there something wrong You seem a bit upset.
Giving explanations
Giving examples
Activity 9 Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
…such as…
The main reason…
…, for instance.
Two reasons, I think.
Consider…
…such as…
…, for instance.
The main reason…
Two reasons, I think.
Consider…
Activity 10 Work in pairs. Talk about your opinions of the issue discussed in Activity 8 using the expressions in this section.
As time went by, great changes have happened in our daily life. Take the missing words in the old version of the dictionary as an example, the language habit has changed in the past few years, so the old descriptions about nature can’t adapted to the current language habit. As far as I am concerned, the new version of the dictionary should update new words or descriptions about things in our daily life.
Sample
Activity 10 Work in pairs. Talk about your opinions of the issue discussed in Activity 8 using the expressions in this section.
Have you actively participated in the discussion
What can you do to improve your performance
Now think about your performance
Review the usages of non-finite forms as attributive, adverbial and complement.
2. Preview the Developing ideas, reading part on Textbook P68-69.
Homework

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