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(共32张PPT)
Unit 5
Learning from nature
Grammar
Learning objectives
To review and use non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative
To know something about 24 Solar Terms
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms,...
b ... it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
c Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
d Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
Look at the “to do” structures in sentences (a) and (b). Do they serve the same function in each sentence
Question 1
No, they don’t. “To explore” in sentence (a) serves as object and “to float” in sentence (b) serves as predicative.
a Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms,...
b ... it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
作表语
作宾语
c Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
In sentence (c), is the -ed form used as an adjective or a past participle Why does the author use the -ed form other than the -ing form
Question 2
The -ed form is used as an adjective. The author wants to describe the visitors’ feeling, so the -ed form is used.
d Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
What is the function of the -ing form in sentence (d)
Question 3
The -ing form is used as subject.
作主语
Now look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage.
作主语
1. It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn’t...
2. People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.
作表语
作宾语
3. To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
作主语
作表语
4. The building therefore not only responds … by generating its own renewable energy.
5. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
作状语
Review Time
非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。在句中可以作除谓语外的其他不同成分。本单元主要复习非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的用法。
非谓语动词
非谓语动词作主语
1. 动词不定式作主语
不定式可以作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作，谓语动词用单数。
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语—不定式放到谓语的后面。
eg To say is one thing; to do is another.
It’s a great pleasure to work with you.
= To work with you is a great pleasure.
形容词侧重修饰不定式(事)时，用for
It is / was + adj. + for / of sb to do sth.
形容词侧重修饰sb(人)时，用of
eg It’s important for us to keep the water clean.
It was rude of the boy to jump the queue!
动词不定式与疑问词how, what, when, where, which等连用构成不定式短语，也可作主语。
eg How to use the computer is the question.
Where to go has not been decided.
2. 动词-ing形式作主语常用于以下结构中：
There is no sense / no point (in) doing sth
It is a waste of time / no use / no good doing sth
eg There is no sense (in) addressing the issue with him now.
It’s a waste of time asking him. He is dishonest.
非谓语动词作宾语
1. 常跟不定式作宾语的动词有：
决心学会想希望(decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish)
拒绝设法愿假装(refuse, manage, care, pretend)
主动答应选计划(offer, promise, choose, plan)
同意请求帮一帮(agree, ask/beg, help)
eg The girl pretended to be doing her homework when her mother came in.
He has helped to raise a lot of money.
2. 常跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有：
考虑建议盼原谅(consider, suggest/advise, look forward to excuse)
承认推迟停止想(admit, delay/put off, stop, fancy)
避免否认继续练(avoid, deny, keep/continue, practice)
介意完成去欣赏(mind, finish, enjoy)
更愿想象需冒险(prefer, imagine, need, risk)
eg Instead I suggested taking her out to dinner.
Two men have denied murdering a woman at a remote picnic spot.
你知道下列短语的含义吗？
be/get used to
get down to
devote…to…
object to
stick to
give up
feel like
insist on
be worth
它们也跟动词-ing形式作宾语哦！
eg It’s time you got down to working hard or the other students will leave you behind．
A lot of the small towns in the area are definitely worth visiting.
非谓语动词作表语
不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式都可作表语。
eg My only wish is to do something for the public.
My hobby is collecting old books and magazines.
We were very surprised at the result.
The news is really surprising.
They were all surprised at the news.
动词-ing形式作表语常用来修饰事物，表示事物的特征或性质等；动词-ed形式作表语常用来修饰人，表示人的感受等。
eg 这本书很有趣，我对它很有兴趣。（翻译）
This book is interesting and I’m interested in it.
1.（2025年全国一卷）“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
2.（2024年全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level the national parks, in particular, tend __________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
3.（2024年新高考I卷） In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants.
to present
to catch
closed
4.（2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出),or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
5.（2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___40___ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
6.（2021全国乙卷）Accommodations aim ___________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
7.（2020全国I卷）____________ (return) to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.
8. （2020全国II卷）_________ (use) emojis can add humour and feeling, keeping intention clear.
to bite
to have
Returning
Using
visiting
Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
__________ (draw) inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries. Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou. The main principle of its design is ____________________ (recreate) natural landscapes in miniature. First established in the Ming Dynasty, the original garden contained a rockery to symbolise Tiantai Mountain. Pine and bamboo groves were added later, along with a pond and an island. Visitors would be ___________(astonish) to find the garden modeled closely on natural features.
Drawing
to recreate / recreating
Practice
astonished
Visitors are also supposed ___________ (explore) it scene-by-scene. This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish, to a tree in blossom, a pagoda or moon-shaped gate.
to explore
What do you know about the 24 Solar Terms
Solar Term Meaning
1. The Beginning of Spring Spring begins.
2. Rain Water It begins to rain.
3. The Waking of Insects Hibernating animals awaken.
4. The Spring Equinox Day and night are equally long.
5. Pure Brightness It is warm and bright.
6. Grain Rain Rainfall is helpful to grain.
7. The Beginning of Summer Summer begins.
8. Lesser Fullness of Grain Kernels plump.
9. Grain in Beard Wheat grows ripe.
10. The Summer Solstice The longest day and the shortest night of the year.
11. Lesser Heat Torridity comes.
12. Greater Heat The hottest moment of the year.
立春
雨水
惊蛰
春分
清明
谷雨
立夏
小满
芒种
夏至
小暑
大暑
Solar Term Meaning
13. The Beginning of Autumn Autumn begins.
14. The End of Heat Heat hides.
15. White Dew Dew curdles.
16. The Autumn Equinox The middle of autumn.
17. Cold Dew Dew is very cold.
18. Frost's Descent Frost descends.
19. The Beginning of Winter Winter begins.
20. Lesser Snow It begins to snow.
21. Greater Snow It snows heavily.
22. The Winter Solstice The shortest day and the longest night of the year.
23. Lesser Cold It is rather cold.
24. Greater Cold The coldest moment of a year.
立秋
处暑
白露
秋分
寒露
霜降
立冬
小雪
大雪
冬至
小寒
大寒
Read the information below and write a paragraph introducing the 24 Solar Terms with the words in the box. Use the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate.
learn determine show amaze use
Origin
created by farmers in Ancient China
based on Chinese lunar calendar
determined by the changes in the position of the sun
Significance
changes in weather mean a lot to farmers
determine the best time to sow and harvest
wisdom learnt from nature
Cultural heritage
added to UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2016
First term
Beginning of Spring
days become longer and the temperature increases
You may start your paragraph like this:
Learning from nature’s wisdom led farmers in Ancient China to create the 24 Solar Terms …
Learning from nature’s wisdom led farmers in Ancient China to create the 24 Solar Terms, which were based on observation of changes of seasons, astronomy and other natural phenomena. Indicating changes in weather conditions, the 24 Solar Terms remain of particular importance to farmers for guiding their practices.
Sample
The first term is known as “Beginning of Spring”, and marks when days become longer and the temperature begins to increase. Nowadays, the 24 Solar Terms not only apply to farming, but also guide Chinese people in everyday life. So varied are the functions of the Solar Terms and their contributions to cultural identity, that in 2016, they were added to UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Introduce one of the Solar Terms using the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate.
when it is
which season it is in
how people feel
what people do
Homework

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