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(共36张PPT)
Unit 4
A glimpse of the future
Grammar:Subject-verb Agreement
To learn the rules of subject-verb agreement;
To practise subject-verb agreement in the real context.
Learning objectives
意义一致
语法一致
就近原则
特殊情况
主谓一致
一、语法一致（形式一致）
1.主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数形式
2.主语是单数，谓语动词就用单数形式
My parents _____(be) doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
Her job _____(be) teaching French. 他的工作是教法语。
are
is
二、意义一致
主语和谓语根据意思上的单复数确定其一致的原则。
主语为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；
主语为单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。
谓语动词用单数的情况
语意一致
1
谓语动词用单数的情况
2
谓语动词用单数的情况
1.当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作是一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twenty years ______(be) a long time.
二十年是很长的时间。
Two kilometers ______(be) a long way to go on foot.
步行两千米是一段很长的路程。
Ten dollars _____(be) too much for this old coin.
这个古币没有10美元这么高的价格。
is
is
is
2.“-s” 结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名。
以“-ics” 结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式，当这些名词表示为实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。
Statistics ______(show) that the number of housewives..
书刊名：The New York Times 纽约时报
国名：The United States
运动名：tennis
学科名词：economics经济学；physics物理学； politics政治学；mathematics数学……
shows
谓语动词用单数的情况
3.有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如machinery（机械），clothing（衣服），luggage/baggage（行李），furniture（家具），equipment（设备），jewelry（珠宝）,scenery(景色)等
All the machinery in the factory ______(be) made in China.
The furniture ______(be) convenient to move.
is
is
谓语动词用单数的情况
4.不定式、现在分词和从句做主语，谓语动词通常用单数
谓语动词用复数的情况
1.由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式（不可数名词同样）
Fire and water do not agree.
The teacher and writer is her friend.
注意:如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一个事物或同一个概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数
The director and the secretary________(be) present at the meeting．
总监和秘书都出席了会议。
A painter and decorator ________(be) painting the walls of the house．
一位油漆工兼装璜工正在粉刷房子的墙壁。
are
is
2.有些集合名词，如cattle（牛），folk（民族，人民），people， police(警察)，poultry（家禽）等作主语，谓语动词总是用复数形式
3.表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers, shoes , glasses, compasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
谓语动词用复数的情况
4.表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词做主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。
The Philippines ______(be) in the Pacific Ocean．
Rocky Mountains ______(stand) in the west of North America．
are
谓语动词用复数的情况
stand
5.名词clothes, works（作“著作”讲），goods，contents， the Olympic Games的谓语动词均用复数。
Clothes keep people warm.
His works have been translated into several foreign languages.
The contents are carefully arranged
The Olympic Games attract millions of spectators from around the world.
谓语动词用复数的情况
特殊情况：
谓语动词单复数由名词前面的词或词组决定的
1.由“some of，plenty of, a lot of, most of , the rest of, all of, half of, part of, the remainder of 或分数、百分数+of+名词” 等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。
The rest of the lecture _____(be) dull.
Half of the apple _____(be) rotten.
is
is
2.由“a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of”和名词+of this kind等，以及由与kind意义相似的type, sort，form ,part, piece, section等构成的类似短语做主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。
A kind of birds has been discovered by them.
Apples of this kind are expensive.
Parts of the book are very discovered by them.
3. “more +复数名词+ than one” 不止..一个结构谓语常用复数
More members than one have protested against the plan.
4.不定代词“each, one, no one some(any, no, every)+body (one或thing)”在句中作主语或做限定词时，谓语动词一律用单数形式
Each boy gets a prize.
Someone wants to buy the house.
注意：each, all, both用作同位语时，谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致
We each have an English-Chinese dictionary
由and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every， each，no， many a 修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式
Each teacher and each student ______(be) given a book.
Every hour and every minute_____(be) important.
was
was
注意：
“many a.../more than one+名词”许多做主语时，谓语动词仍采用单数形式。
Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose.
“one and a half +复数名词”一个半做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
三、就近原则
or, either...or..., neither...or..., not only...but(also)...
例句：
Either the teacher or the students ______(be) to blame.
Not only the students but also their teacher _____________(not know) about it.
are
doesn't know
四、主谓一致的特殊情况
1.population表示 “人口”， 一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。
当它前面有分数或百分数时 ，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，谓语动词用复数形式。
The population of Canada is about 29 million.
About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants.
2. 集合名词做主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如表示成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有：army, audience, class, club, committee, company, crowd, family, group, government, organization, party, team等
Our football team is playing well.
Our football team are having baths and are then coming back here for supper.
3. a number of, a variety of, varieties of +可数名词复数；
the majority of +复数名词 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
the number of(表数目)和 the variety of (表种类)等+可数名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数
A number of new house have been built there.
There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop.
4. “a large amount of + 不可数名词” + 谓语用单数
“large amounts of+ 不可数名词” + 谓语常用复数
“a large quantity of +不可数名词” + 谓语用单数
“a large quantity of + 复数名词” + 谓语常用复数
“large quantities of + 不可数名词/ 复数名词” + 谓语用复数
“a good/ great deal of + 不可数名词” + 谓语用单数
“a total of+ 复数名词” +复数动词 意思为“总共有……”
“the total of + 复数名词” + 单数单词 意思为“……的总数”
5. 就远原则：
with, together with, along with , accompanied by, like , in addition to , as well as, as much as, more than , rather than, no less than, except, but , besides, including 。
No one but your parents was there then
Tom, together with Mary and Alice is going to swim this afternoon.
6. the+ adj./ v-ed 表示某类人作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
the + adj. 表示某类事物或表示某一抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式
The poor live a hard life
The beautiful lives forever.
7. there be 结构中的主谓一致关系，谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致
There are four chairs and a table in the room.
8. “a/ an +单数名词+ or two”做主语时， 谓语动词要用单数
“one or two+ 复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数
A student or two has failed the exam.两个学生考试不及格
One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon .
昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。
9. 在主语和谓语倒装的句子中， 动词的数应与它后面的主语的数一致。
On the wall are some famous paintings.
Between the two windows hangs a picture.
10. 在“It +be 被强调部分+ that / who ...”结构中， be用单数形式is 或was， 如被强调部分是主语， that/ who 后的谓语与被强调部分的人称和数保持一致。
It is I who am a student.
It is they who have worked there for five years.
1. A library with five thousand books ____________ (offer) to the area as a gift last year.
2.Statistics ________ (be) his most difficult subject and they are worried that he won't pass the test.
3. What we need ________ (be) a balanced diet.
4. The Olympic Games ________ (be) held very four years.
5.Large quantities of water _____________(need) for agriculture.
was offered
is
is
are
are needed
Practice
6. Referring to the dictionary ___________(be) a good habit in English Learning.
7.The New York Times __________(be) first published in 1851.
8. Many people say 1000 dollars ________(be) a lot of money.
9.I, who __________(be) your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.
10. I have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which __________(be) more difficult.
is
was
is
am
is
Consolidation
Task 1 Complete the passage by choosing the singular or plural form.
Nowadays, some companies offer genetic testing for children’s talents. A large number of clients have / has been attracted to it. They are parents, eager to know what talents their children may have in the future. The process is simple. Every child provide / provides a small sample of blood or body tissue. This is / These are analysed. Each of the children is / are given a report showing their possible talents.
√
√
√
√
A recent example cited on the website is that one of the testing companies compare / compares the talents of twins Bobby and Benny. Bobby was assessed and his talents was / were revealed to be mostly scientific: a 66% chance of success in chemistry and 54% in physics was / were shown. Meanwhile, Benny’s highest score was / were shown to be in an arts subject: the test gave him 68% for literary studies. Is genetic testing reliable Some scientists say that more evidence is / are needed.
√
√
√
√
√
Task 2 Complete the description according to the charts, paying attention to subject-verb agreement.
Future
Last week, we asked you to design your ideal planet for people on Earth to live on in the 22nd century. We have received over 500 entries and have been amazed by your imaginations! Here’s one of the designs.
Three quarters of the surface is made up of land,...
Three quarters of the surface is made up of land, while the rest is sea, covering 25% of the surface.
Half of the land is covered with trees. Residential area and arable land both account for the same proportion, 20% of the total land. The rest is desert, covering 10% of the total land. There are three kinds of people. Fifty per cent of the people are original residents, 30% are from Earth and 20% are from other planets.
Sample
Homework
Describe another planet for the future, paying attention to subject-verb agreement.

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