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(共35张PPT)
Unit 3
War and peace
Using language
Learning objectives
1.To master the use of subject-verb agreement when collective nouns function as subjects;
2. To know the horrible Chongqing bombing, its influence and remembrance by listening, learn to express sympathy and talk about memories;
3. To talk about someone’s experience in war.
Grammar
a. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened ...
b. The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers ...
c. ... people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
Activity 1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1. In which sentence does the word “enemy” refer to different members Is it followed by a singular verb or plural verb
In sentence (b), the word “enemy” refers to different members.
It is followed by a plural verb.
a. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened ...
b. The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers ...
c. ... people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
2. In which sentence does the word “enemy” refer to a single unit Is it followed by a singular verb or plural verb Do you know any other similar nouns
In sentence (a), the word “enemy” refers to a single unit.
It is followed by a singular verb.
Other similar nouns are family, team, class, crowd, government, etc.
a. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened ...
b. The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers ...
c. ... people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
3. Is the word “people” usually followed by a singular verb or plural verb Do you know any other similar nouns
The word “people” is usually followed by a plural verb.
Other similar nouns are police, cattle, etc.
Now look for more sentences following this rule in the reading passage, and summarise the use of subject-verb agreement in your own words.
1. Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy.
thousands more 在这里指的是上文提到的成千上万的士兵，故谓语动词用复数。
2. Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.
3. Two were killed; three were injured.
4. By the end of August 1944, … Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north-west France.
指所有人的共同目标
指士兵数量
指巴黎整体这个城市
The use of subject-verb agreement：
When words such as enemy, team, audience are used as subjects of the sentences and are used to refer to a single unit, the words are followed by singular verbs. When they are used to refer to different members, the words are followed by plural verbs.
Such words as people, cattle are usually followed by plural verbs.
主谓一致（1）
（refers to matching the subject and verb of a sentence in tense, aspect, and mood, which translates to number, person, and gender.）
主谓一致的概念和原则
（1）概念：主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上要与主语保持一致。
（2）原则：主谓一致主要遵循三个原则，即意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近一致原则。
集体名词作主语，如果指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有 army，audience，class ，club ，committee ，company ，crowd，family ，group ，government，party ，majority ，minority ，organisation ，public ，staff，team，military 等。
用法 1
有些有生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。常见的这类名词有 cattle，people，police 等。
The people in the city are very friendly.
这个城市的人都很友好。
无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。常见的这类名词有 baggage，scenery，clothing，furniture，machinery，jewellery等。
Much of her jewellery was missing.
她的许多珠宝丢失了。
由 and 或 both...and 连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
用法 2
Jim and Mary are specialists in cancer research.
吉姆和玛丽是癌症研究专家。
Both Mark and his parents are sitting in the shade of a tree.
马克和他父母都坐在树荫下。
当 and 连接的两个名词在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。这时 and 后的名词前不加冠词
The writer and poet has been dead for two years.
那位诗人作家已经去世两年了。
“all/most/half/plenty/some/the rest+of+名词 /代词”或“分数百分数 +of+名词/代词”作主语时，若of 后的名词或代词为单数形式，谓语动词就用单数形式；若of 后的名词或代词为复数形式，谓语动词就用复数形式。
用法 3
当all，most，half，plenty，some，the rest，what 等单独作主语时，主谓一致要遵循意义一致原则，即:如果所指为单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式;如果所指为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。
All was silent. 万籁俱寂。
All were silent. 大家都沉默着。
All of the students have seen the drama
所有的学生都看过这部戏剧了。
“a number of+可数名词复数”(许多.....)作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+可数名词复数”(……的数量)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
用法 4
A number of reasons lead to the climate change.
很多原因导致气候变化。
The number of the students in our class is 30.
我们班的学生人数是 30。
“none”作主语时如果指代可数名词，谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式；如果指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
用法 5
None of the trains is/are going to London. 这些列车都不去伦敦
表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时,通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
用法 6
Twenty years is a long time in one's life. 20年在人的一生中是一段很长的时间。
以 -s 结尾的书刊名、组织名、国家名以及以 -ics 结尾的学科名等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
用法 7
The United Nations is a world organisation.
联合国是一个世界性组织。
以-s 结尾的群岛、瀑布、山脉等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.
尼亚加拉大瀑布也许是世界上最著名的瀑布。
单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据句意确定。常见的这类词有 sheep，deer，fish，crossroads，means，series，species，works(工厂)等。
用法 8
“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示某个人或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
用法 9
Twenty years is a long time in one's life. 20年在人的一生中是一段很长的时间。
Many sheep are eating grass on the hillside. 许多绵羊在山坡上吃草。
1. Government troop have put down the uprising. [ ]
2. The police is after him. [ ]
3. The military are well-organised and prepared to fight. [ ]
4. All the machinery in this factory are made in the US. [ ]
Activity 2 Correct any mistakes in these sentences or put a √ in the square brackets if they are correct.
are
√
is
troops
5. The soldiers’ uniform look very smart. [ ]
6. The group was sent to rescue the missing pilot. [ ]
7. Politics are the study of the ways in which countries are governed. [ ]
uniforms
is
√
Activity 3 Complete the film review with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Saving Private Ryan is a film directed by Steven Spielberg. The two main characters are Captain John Miller, played by Tom Hanks, and Private James Ryan, played by Matt Damon.
James Ryan is the fourth son in his family to be sent to fight in the Second World War. The enemy _______ (kill) his three brothers. Their heart-broken mother receives the news about all her dead sons on the same day. The US Army _______ (decide) to find Ryan and bring him home. A group of men are sent into the French countryside to try to find the fourth brother. The rescue team ________ (be) led by Captain Miller, a hero and survivor of the Omaha Beach battle.
kills
decides
is
At the beginning of the film, the audience _______ (be) thrown into an incredible sequence of approximately 30 minutes, depicting the landings in Normandy. They see the full horror of war, and the chaos and senseless waste of life.
Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable war film and, also, a story of courage and sacrifice. It’s my favourite film and my family _______ (love) watching it, too. The message of the film is simple — we want peace; we don’t want war.
are
love
Activity 4 Write a short review of a film you have seen on the theme of war. Pay attention to subject-verb agreement.
Assembly opens with a smoke-filled, bullet-ridden scene that seems to grab the audience’s breath at every turn. While waiting for the rally call to be sounded, Gu Zidi and his brothers fight bravely against the enemy, finally leaving him alone. The first half of the story is a wonderful combination of intense battle scenes and the second half of the story is a wonderful combination of the minds of those returning from the battlefield.
Sample
Listening and Speaking
Among the many horrors inflicted on humanity by the Second World War was the massive bombing of civilians, often referred to as “terror bombing”. The purpose of doing this was to destroy the morale of ordinary people and stop them from supporting the war effort.The Japanese used terror bombing in China, especially in Chongqing,which they bombed more than 200 times over the duration of five and a half years (1938-1943), killing thousands of Chinese civilians.
The road to peace
Activity 5 Listen to the interview and answer the questions.
1. Who is being interviewed
2. What is the relationship between the two interviewees
3. What are they talking about
Gao Li and Gao Ming.
Brother and sister.
They are talking about the five-year terror bombing campaign by Japanese forces in Chongqing during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
First memories of the Chongqing bombing
Gao Li: __________ years old; remembers the house ______
and saw __________________.
Gao Ming: __________ years old; the first thing he remembers
was __________________; went out on the street
________; first felt fascinated then ______.
Activity 6 Listen again and complete the interview’s notes.
eight / 8
shook
fires in the distance
eleven / 11
the bombing planes
to watch
scared
The most terrible experience
Gao Li: happened on ___________;
stayed in ____________ and waited for _________ in
there; house destroyed and _______________ killed.
5 June 1941
the basement
five hours
over 4,000 people
Influence of bombing
Gao Ming: felt sad but bombing didn’t destroy ___________
________
Gao Li: ________________________ soldiers went to the front;
Chongqing became known as the ______________.
Remember today
Gao Ming: the air raid warning mourns ____________, and reminds us to _____________________________.
our fighting
around 960,000 of the city’s
“city of heroes’’
those we lost
cherish the peace we enjoy today
spirit
Tapescripts
Interviewer: Today, I'm talking to Ms Gao Li and Mr Gao Ming. The brother and sister were living in Chongqing during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and experienced the five-year terror bombing campaign by Japanese forces. Ms Gao, what are your first memories of that time
Gao Li: I was only eight years old when the bombing started in the year 1938, and the first bombs fell a long way away from our house. I remember our house shook and I saw fires in the distance.
Interviewer: That must be terrible for a child! And Mr Gao, what are your first memories of the bombing
Gao Ming: Well, I was three years older than my sister. The first thing I remember was the bombing planes. They flew so low. I went out on the street to watch.
Interviewer: How did you feel when you went into the street
Gao Ming: Well, at first I was fascinated by the planes and the noise they made, but soon I was scared.
Interviewer: I can only imagine how it must have felt. What was the most terrible experience you had during that time, Ms Gao
Gao Li: Well, I'll never forget what happened on the fifth of June 1941. I remember the Japanese were targeting the residential areas. There wasn't enough time for us to get to the bomb shelter so we stayed in the basement.
Interviewer: How long did the bombing last on that day
Gao Li: We waited for five hours until the bombing stopped. It was absolutely terrifying. Our house was destroyed, and dead bodies could be seen all over the street. Over 4,000 people were killed that day.
Interviewer: I'm sorry to hear that. Mr Gao, how do you feel when you think about it now
Gao Ming: I feel sad for all the victims, but the bombing didn't destroy our fighting spirit.
Gao Li:Yes, despite everything, around 960,000 of the city's soldiers went to the front to fight the Japanese. It's no wonder Chongqing became known as the “city of heroes”.
Interviewer: And how are they remembered today
Gao Ming: Every year on the fifth of June, the air raid warning is sounded across the city. It gives us an opportunity to mourn those we lost, and reminds us to cherish the peace we enjoy today.
Activity 7 Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.
I remember …
That must be terrible for …
The first thing I remember was …
I can only imagine how it must have felt.
I’ll never forget …
I’m sorry to hear that.
I feel sad for ...
Expressing sympathy Talking about memories
That must be terrible for …
I can only imagine how it must have felt.
I’m sorry to hear that.
I feel sad for …
I remember …
The first thing I remember was …
I’ll never forget …
Activity 8 Read the introduction and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
The cruelty of war is reason enough to do everything we can to prevent it. This is the motivation behind the United Nation’s many peacekeeping missions. Peacekeepers monitor the peace process in areas that have experienced friction and civil wars, making sure that previously warring parties keep to their agreements. They work to disarm combatants and to secure weapons and ammunition, removing them from use.These measures aim to give stability to conflict zones and allow governments to reestablish authority. China is playing an increasingly important role in UN peacekeeping and it has trained 8,000 troops who are kept on standby for UN missions. Chinese peacekeeping forces are highly-valued in conflict zones and have received praise for their professionalism.
1. What is the significance of UN peacekeeping missions
2. What role is China playing in UN peacekeeping
UN peacekeeping missions aim to give stability to conflict zones and allow governments to reestablish authority.
China is playing an increasingly important role in UN peacekeeping and it has trained 8,000 troops who are kept on standby for UN missions.
Activity 9 Complete the fact file about UN’s peacekeeping mission in Liberia with the correct form of the words and expressions in Activity 8.
Why we came
Liberia suffered two ___________ from 1989 to 2003, causing half the population to flee their homes, and the economy to collapse.
We carried out this __________________ to monitor the ____________ in Liberia.
civil wars
peacekeeping mission
peace process
What we did
We stabilised the ____________ by:
disarming combatants
securing weapons and ammunition
Why we are leaving
The professionalism of our _________________ has stabilised the situation.
Government authority has been ___________.
conflict zones
peacekeeping forces
reestablished
Activity 10 Work in pairs. Find out about someone’ s experiences in war. Act out an interview based on the information you have found. Use the words and expressions in this section.
Now think about your performance in this activity. How did you collect useful information Share your experience with the class.
1. Summarize the usage of Subject-verb agreement and do the relevant exercises.
2. Write an article to your school newspaper about your views about UN peacekeeping.
Homework

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