资源简介

(共106张PPT)
Unit 2　
Out of this world
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　The astronauts’ great dream is exploring space.Although it is challenging,
they look forward to accomplishing their missions.With the absence of gravity,they,in order not to float around,have to attach themselves.They are occupied in research work.When going on a spacewalk,they have to wear spacesuits to protect them from exposure to the cold and radiation.In view of the low-gravity environment,it is a luxury to eat fresh food.Occasionally,they have to swallow pills to maintain a balanced nutrient intake.
宇航员们的伟大梦想是探索太空。尽管这项任务颇具挑战性,但他们期待着完成使命。由于缺乏重力,他们必须要把自己固定住才不会四处飘浮。他们忙于科研工作。在进行太空行走时,他们必须穿上宇航服,以保护自己免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。鉴于低重力环境,吃到新鲜食物是一种奢侈。偶尔,他们还不得不吞服药片来维持营养的均衡摄入。
Welcome to the unit,Reading,
Grammar and usage
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　n.宇航员,航天员
2. n.重力;严重性;严肃
3. n.天花板;上限
4. vt.使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力(做某事);打扰
vi.花费时间精力(做某事)
n.麻烦,困难
写作词汇
astronaut
gravity
ceiling
bother
5. n.任务;使命,天职;军事行动;太空飞行任务
6. n.条件,状况;(pl. )境况,(尤指)经济状况
7. adv.此外,再者
8. n.药丸,药片
9. adj.必不可少的,对……极重要的;维持生命所必需的
10. n.闲暇,空闲
mission
circumstance
circumstances
furthermore
pill
vital
leisure
11. n.全体工作人员;全体乘务人员,全体船员;专业团队
12. adv.完全;总共;总之
13. adj.至关重要的,关键性的
14. vt.& vi.围绕……运动,沿轨道运行
n.(天体等运行的)轨道
15. vt.包括,包含;组成,构成
crew
altogether
crucial
orbit
comprise
1.float vi.
vt.
2.cupboard n.
3.mosquito n.(pl.mosquitoes/mosquitos)
4.microscope n.
5.maintenance n.
6.radiation n.
阅读词汇
飘动,漂流;浮
使浮动,使漂流
壁橱;橱柜,衣柜
蚊子
显微镜
维护,保养;维持,保持
辐射,放射线
7.luxury n.
8.tube n.
9.kit n.
10.telescope n.
11.administration n.
12.scan vt.& vi.
n.
不常有的乐趣(或享受);奢侈品
管,管子;软管
成套设备,成套工具;配套元件
望远镜
行政部门;管理,行政
扫描;细看;浏览
扫描检查;快速查阅
拓展词汇
1. n.缺乏,不存在;缺席→absent adj.不在场的;缺席的
2. vt.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;使忙于→occupied adj.被占领的;有人使用(或居住);忙于……的→occupancy n.占有;居住;[物]占有率→
occupation n.职业;业余活动;占用;占领
3. vt.评估,估计,评价→evaluation n.评价;定值;估计
absence
occupy
evaluate
4. n.动物,生物;人→create vt.创造;创作;造成→creation n.创造;创作;作品→creative adj.有创造力的→creativity n.创造力
5. n.面临,遭受;揭露;报道→expose vt.暴露;揭露;使面临,使遭受(危险或不快)→exposed adj.无遮蔽的;易受攻击(或批评)的;无保护的
6. adj.看得见的;明显的→vision n.视力;视野→visibly adv.显然地→
visibility n.可见度→[反义词] invisible adj.看不见的;无形的
creature
exposure
visible
7. vt.严格要求(自己);惩罚;训练 n.训练,纪律;行为准则;自制力→
disciplinary adj.有关纪律的;执行纪律的;惩戒性的→disciplined adj.遵守纪律的;受过训练的
8. adj.永久的,永恒的→permanence n.永恒;永久→[反义词] temporary adj.短暂的;暂时的
9. n.(the universe)宇宙,天地万物→universal adj.普遍的;全体的;广泛适用的→universally adv.全体地;一致地;随时随地
discipline
permanent
universe
10. n.天文学家→astronomy n.天文学→astronomic adj.天文学的
11. adv.仅仅,只不过→mere adj.仅仅的;只不过
12. n.机构;代理处→agent n.代理人;经纪人
13. n.基础,根据;地基;创办;基金会→found vt.建立;创建;把……基于→founder n.创始人;建立者→foundational adj.基本的;基础的
astronomer
merely
agency
foundation
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.attach...to...　　　　　　
2.as well as
3.carry out
4.cast new light on
5.in the circumstances
6.in view of
把……固定在……上
除……之外还有……
做,实施,执行
使进一步了解……
在这种情况下,既然如此
鉴于,考虑到
7.be of vital importance to...
8.set up
9.play a crucial role in...
10.beyond one’s expectations
11.plain to see
12.succeed in doing sth
13.lay the foundation for
对……极其重要
设立,创立;安排;安装好
在……中扮演至关重要的角色
超出某人的意料
显而易见的
成功做成了某事
为……打下基础
重点句型
1. we try to sleep with no pressure against our back,
but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.(It+be+形容词+that ...)
试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的,但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。
2. these biological experiments,we carry out experiments in other research fields.(as well as doing)
除了做这些生物实验,我们还开展其他研究领域的实验。
It’s strange that
As well as doing
3.First,we put on our spacesuits,
.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
首先,我们穿上太空服,它们可以让我们在太空中呼吸,保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。
4. ,spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.(as引导让步状语从句)
虽然地球的景色十分壮观,但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。
which allow us to breathe in space and
protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation
Splendid as the view of the Earth is
5.During our leisure time,there’s nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by,
back home.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
在空闲时间,我们最喜欢做的事就是和其他工作人员一起舒服地坐下来,看着我们非凡的星球从身边经过,拍点照片给地球上的家人和朋友看。
taking pictures for our family and friends
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然 —— 太空探索。
2.语篇类型:讲座文稿。
3.课文内容分析:
本文通过介绍宇航员在空间站的生活,旨在提升学生对太空探索的兴趣,激励他们学习宇航员的优秀品质,培养学生对未知世界的好奇心与探索精神。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
challenging but magical
private quarters
Tasks
taking pills
Leisure activities
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.Which of the following is the most challenging work
[A] Biological experiments.
[B] Locating and tracking lightning.
[C] Maintenance of the space station.
[D] Spacewalks outside the space station.
D
(　　)2.What is the function of spacesuits when astronauts are outside the space station
[A] Helping astronauts enjoy the splendid view of the Earth.
[B] Protecting astronauts from potential risks,such as the cold and radiation.
[C] Offering astronauts necessary food and drink.
[D] Giving astronauts instructions on how to perform tasks.
B
(　　)3.What can we infer about astronauts’ food in space
[A] They consume food just like on the Earth.
[B] They prefer to prepare food themselves.
[C] It’s rare for them to enjoy fresh produce.
[D] It’s much difficult for them to chew the food.
C
(　　)4.How do astronauts feel at their leisure time
[A] Satisfied.
[B] Bored.
[C] Disappointed.
[D] Nervous.
A
二次开发·深研课文
▲
The daily life in space differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange!
Due to the near 1. 　　 　　 (absent) of gravity in space,we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.We usually sleep in private quarters,2. 　　　　 are more like large cupboards,or in sleeping bags.Our main mission in space is 3. 　　 　　 (conduct) scientific research.We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity 4. 　　　 animals and plants.
absence
which
to conduct
on
The space station needs a lot of maintenance,so we 5. 　　 　　 (constant) check support systems and do some cleaning.The most 6. 　 　　　 (challenge) work is performing tasks outside the space station,such as testing new equipment,
monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station.Most food in space 7. 　　　　 (dry) or freeze-dried because fresh fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months.
8. 　　　 　 (consider) low gravity’s negative effects,we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.Exercise in space is not your average workout.We have to be tied onto specially 9. 　　　 　 (design) exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around.
constantly
challenging
is dried
Considering
designed
As the space station travels at 10. 　　　 　 speed of about 17,500 miles per hour,we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes.In these precious moments,all the challenges of life in space seem worth it.
a
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.absence n.缺乏,不存在;缺席
·absent adj.不在场的;缺席的
[教材原句] Due to the near absence of gravity in space,we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.
由于太空中近乎没有重力,我们必须把自己固定住,才不会四处飘浮。
例 Her absence of mind during driving nearly caused an accident.
她驾车时心不在焉,差点出事故。
例 The expert was absent from the conference yesterday because of a business trip.
这位专家因为出差而缺席了昨天的会议。
absence of mind心不在焉
be absent from 缺席
归纳拓展
·absence of mind心不在焉
absence from 缺席;不在
in one’s absence=in/during the absence of sb某人不在时
in the absence of sth因缺少某物
·be absent from 缺席
absent-minded adj.心不在焉的;健忘的
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
In the 　　 　　 (absent)of actual data no reliance can be placed on such figures.
The absence 　　　　 work due to illness of several key employees has caused a delay in the project.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (他昨天缺席的原因) was that he did have something to do.
(应用文写作之人物介绍)Such is our grandma,who is sometimes
　　　　　　　　 　 　　　 (心不在焉、健忘,然而总是体贴他人).
absence
from
The reason for his absence yesterday
absent-minded,forgetful,yet always caring
2.bother vt.使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力(做某事);打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n.麻烦,困难
[教材原句] It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back,but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.
试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的,但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。
例 My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
我的哥哥不愿意和我一起玩。
例 One should not be bothered about one’s personal gains or losses.
一个人不应该为自己的得失而烦恼。
例 It bothers me that some people always litter in public places.
有些人总是在公共场所乱扔垃圾,这让我很烦恼。
it bothers sb (to do sth)/that...(做某事)使某人烦恼
归纳拓展
·bother about/with ...为……而费心
bother sb (about/with sth)使(某人)烦恼(或担忧、不安)
bother doing/to do sth费心做某事
it bothers sb (to do sth)/that...(做某事)使某人烦恼
·have bother (in) doing sth做某事有困难
put sb to bother 给某人添麻烦
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译/完成句子
My mother bothered 　　　 　 (make) a delicious cake for my birthday,which made the day even more special.
I don’t want to put him 　　　　 any bother,after all,he is so busy.
你找这所房子时,遇到困难了吗
→Did you 　　　　　　　　　 finding the house (bother)
→Did you 　 　　　　 　　　 finding the house (trouble/difficulty)
　　　　　　　　 　　　　 (让许多人苦恼的是) some individuals always jump the queue when waiting in line.
making/to make
to
have bother (in)
have trouble/difficulty (in)
It bothers many people that
3.occupy vt.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;使忙于
·occupied adj.被占领的;有人使用(或居住);忙于……的
·occupation n.职业;业余活动;占用;占领
[教材原句]The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding,
but they can also be extremely rewarding.
占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高,但是也会非常有意义。
例 (应用文写作之告知信)I’m writing to tell you that I’ve been occupied in preparing for an important exam recently.
我写信是想告诉你,我最近一直忙于准备一个重要的考试。
be occupied in (doing) sth=
be occupied with (doing) sth
忙于……
例 (读后续写之场景描写)The train got more jam-packed and soon all of the seats were occupied.
火车变得更拥挤了,很快所有的座位上都坐满了人。
例 (应用文写作之通知)Please fill in the form with your name,age and occupation.
请在表格上填上你的姓名、年龄和职业。
归纳拓展
·occupy sb/oneself (in doing sth/with sth) 某人忙于(做某事)
·be occupied in (doing) sth=be occupied with (doing) sth
忙于……
keep sb occupied使某人忙碌
·under occupation被占领
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句式升级
The new furniture 　　 　　 (occupy)too much space in the living room,making it look a bit crowded.
I have been so occupied 　　　　 work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
Teaching and doing housework keep her 　　　　 (occupy) every day.
She was occupied in doing housework all day,so she was tired out.
→　　　　　　 　　　　　 all day,she was tired out.(过去分词作状语)
→　　　　 　　　　　　 all day,she was tired out.(现在分词作状语)
occupies
with/in
occupied
Occupied in doing housework
Occupying herself in doing housework
语
境
串
词
Her occupation is painting.She is always occupied with creating beautiful artworks,aiming to occupy a unique position in the art field one day.
她的职业是绘画。她总是忙于创作美丽的艺术品,希望有一天能在艺术领域占据独特的地位。
4.cast new light on 使进一步了解……(=throw new/fresh light on)
[教材原句] Hopefully,it will cast new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection.
希望这个实验能使人们进一步了解地球气候,并更好地做好雷电防护。
例 Recent scientific discoveries have cast new light on the phenomenon which confused the scientists for many years.
最近的科学发现使困惑科学家多年的现象得以澄清。
例 The missing data cast doubts on the accuracy of the research findings.
缺失的数据让人们对研究结果的准确性产生了怀疑。
cast doubts on 使人对……产生怀疑
归纳拓展
cast aside消除,废除;扔;抛;废弃
cast down 抛下;丢下;降低;使沮丧
cast doubts on 使人对……产生怀疑
cast a glance at 瞥一眼
cast a welcoming smile 致以友好的微笑
cast an eye on/over sth迅速浏览
[语境运用] 完成句子/用cast的相关短语完成语段
The newly discovered ancient documents 　　　　　　　　 (使进一步了解)the lifestyle of people in that era.
(读后续写之动作描写)She walked in,　　　　　　　　 the crowd and then,　　　　　 　　　,making the atmosphere instantly warmer.She
　　　　　　　　 　 the file in her hand and then started to make the report.
cast new light on
cast a glance at
cast a welcoming smile
cast an eye on/over
5.circumstance n.条件,状况;(circumstances)境况,(尤指)经济状况
[教材原句] In the circumstances,it’s time for a spacewalk.
在这种情况下,是时候来场太空行走了。
例 Wherever he goes,he can adapt himself to new circumstances.
无论到哪里,他都能适应新的环境。
例 (读后续写之主旨升华)We should stick to our dreams under any circumstances.
在任何情况下我们都应该坚持我们的梦想。
under/in...circumstances在……情况下
归纳拓展
under/in...circumstances在……情况下
under/in certain circumstances在某些情况下
under/in the circumstances在这种情况下
if circumstances allow/permit 情况允许的话
under/in no circumstances决不;在任何情况下都不(置于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
①在表示“环境;状况;境况”时,circumstance通常用作复数。
②表示“决不”且与under/in no circumstances用法类似的常用词组还有:in no case,at no time,by no means,in no way,on no account,on no condition。
③抽象地点名词,如:point,stage,case,situation,condition,position,activity,
race,competition,system,job,scene,life,occasion,environment,circumstance等作先行词,并在从句中作状语时,用where或者“介词+which”引导定语
从句。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句型转换/完成句子
For example,no matter what the 　　　 　 (circumstance),when the phone rings,everything stops so that the call can be answered.
I wish we could have met 　　 　　 happier circumstances.
It’s helpful to put children in a situation 　　　　 they can see themselves differently.
circumstances
under/in
where
We can let the fake products become uncontrolled in the market under no circumstances.
→Under no circumstances 　　　 let the fake products become uncontrolled in the market.
(应用文写作之建议信) 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 (在这种情况下),it is suitable for a volleyball team and a basketball team to train for two hours a day.
can we
Under/In the circumstances
6.exposure n.面临,遭受;揭露;报道
·expose vt.暴露;揭露;使面临,使遭受(危险或不快)
·exposed adj.无遮蔽的;易受攻击(或批评)的;无保护的
[教材原句] First,we put on our spacesuits,which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.
首先,我们穿上太空服,它们可以让我们在太空中呼吸,保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。
例 Long exposure to a bad environment accustoms one to evil ways.
久居鲍市,不闻其臭。
例 (读后续写之场景描写)The wolf opened its mouth to expose a row of sharp white teeth.
狼张开嘴,露出一排白色的尖牙。
exposure (to sth) 面临;遭受(危险或不快);接触
归纳拓展
·exposure (to sth) 面临;遭受(危险或不快);接触
·expose sth/sb to...把……暴露在……之下;使……接触……
expose oneself to sth使面临,使遭受
expose a secret/a plan泄露秘密/计划
·be exposed to...接触……;暴露于……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
Take care not to keep your children 　　 　　 (expose) to the bad books and magazines.
Many people in China have limited 　　　 　 (expose) to English.
(应用文写作之建议信) It is suggested that we
(使孩子们接触) traditional Chinese culture as much as possible.
exposed
exposure
(should)expose children to
Being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
→　　　　　　　　　　 the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(动名词作主语)
→　　　　　　　 the sunlight for too long,you will get your skin harmed.
(if省略句)
Exposing yourself to
If exposed to
7.in view of 鉴于,考虑到
·viewer n.电视观众;观看者;观察者
[教材原句] In view of the low-gravity environment,eating is also different in space.
考虑到低重力环境,太空中的饮食也大不相同。
例 (应用文写作之通知)In view of the bad weather,the event will be held indoors.
考虑到天气不好,这项活动将在室内进行。
例 Education is so important in modern society that it can be viewed as a lifelong process.
教育在现代社会是如此重要,它可以被视为一个终身的过程。
be viewed as 被视为
归纳拓展
·in view/sight 在视野范围内;在考虑中的
point of view 观点;见地;立场
with a view to (doing) sth为了;指望(做)某事
in the view of 按照……的观点
in one’s view/opinion 在某人看来
come into view 进入视野
on view 在展出;陈列着
·view sb/sth as...把……视为……
be viewed as 被视为
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
With the beautiful mountains 　　　　 view,we took many pictures during the trip.
On the way to the farm,fantastic scenery came 　　　　 view.
The new artworks 　　　　 　 (在展出) in the gallery,and the designer arranged them in sight of the main entrance
　　 　 (为了吸引更多参观者).
(读后续写之主旨升华)Although the present isn’t worth much,I value it very much.
(在我看来,真正重要的是其中所包含的爱).(强调句)
in
into
are on view
with a view to attracting more
visitors
In my view/opinion,it’s the love contained in it that really counts
8.comprise vt.包括,包含;组成,构成
[教材原句] Run by the China National Space Administration,China’s space agency,it comprises three stages:orbiting,landing and returning.
由中国国家航天局管理,它包括三个阶段:沿轨道运行、着陆和返回。
例 Each book comprises ten units,the last one being a revision unit.
每册书包括10个单元,其中最后一个单元为复习单元。
归纳拓展
·be comprised of包括,包含;由……组成/构成
·consist of=be composed of=be made up of 包含……;由……组成/构成
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Oxygen,which　　　 　(comprise) 20.8% of the atmosphere by volume,is the second largest component.
The rescue team is comprised 　　　　 eight soldiers and two doctors.
我们班由17位男生和18位女生组成。
→Our class 　　　　　　　　 17 boys and 18 girls.(comprise)
→Our class 　　　　　　　　 17 boys and 18 girls.(consist)
→Our class 　　　　　　　　 17 boys and 18 girls.(compose)
→Our class 　　　　　　　　 17 boys and 18 girls.(make up)
comprises
of
is comprised of
consists of
is composed of
is made up of
重点句式
as引导让步状语从句
▲
[教材原句] Splendid as the view of the Earth is,spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.
虽然地球的景色十分壮观,但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。
例 Heavily as it was raining outside,they started out very early.
尽管外面雨下得非常大,他们还是早早就出发了。
例 Child as he is,he knows a lot.
尽管他还是个孩子,但他懂得很多。(注意:Child 前不用冠词)
归纳拓展
·该句为复合句且为倒装句式,其中as引导让步状语从句,相当于 “Though/
Although the view of the Earth is splendid”。
·为了加强语气或者正式文体的需要,as、though引导的让步状语从句通常可以改为倒装句式。具体变法是把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首,形成倒装结构。
①名词+as/though+主语+系动词
②形容词+as/though+主语+系动词
③副词+as/though+主语+谓语
④动词原形+as/though+主语+谓语
⑤分词+as/though+主语+谓语
归纳拓展
·as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如,就像”,可以代指整个主句的内容。从句可置于句首、句中或句末。常用于以下结构:as we all know,as is often the case,as the old saying goes,as is said/reported/known/
announced ...等。
·as引导时间状语从句,意为“一边……一边……;随着;当……时候”,强调两个动作同时发生。
·as引导原因状语从句,意为“既然,由于”。
·as引导比较状语从句,意为“和……一样”,用于as...as或not so/as...as中。
·as引导方式状语从句,意为“如同;按照”,常用于以下结构:as you are,as it is,as it were等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
Strange 　　 　　 it might sound,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
But now,because my left foot was injured in the football game,I cannot go with you 　　　　 planned.
　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 (尽管我很尊敬他),I can’t agree with his proposal.
as/though
as
Much as/though I respect him或Although I respect him much
Although the activity was challenging,everyone enjoyed it and all the participants benefited a lot from it.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　,everyone enjoyed it and all the participants benefited a lot from it.
Challenging as/though the activity was
长难句分析
[教材原句] It’s a luxury to eat fresh food, because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句, 中it作 形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语“to eat fresh food”; 为because引导的 原因状语 从句。
自主翻译:吃到新鲜的食物是一种奢侈,因为水果和蔬菜等新鲜农产品只能每隔几个月从地球运到空间站。
[语境运用] 情境写作
(应用文写作之活动介绍)参加志愿服务活动是有意义的,因为通过帮助他人,我们不仅能为有需要的人带来温暖和希望,还能获得一种满足感。
It’s meaningful to participate in volunteer activities,because through helping others,we can not only bring warmth and hope to those in need but also gain a sense of fulfillment.
语法微专题2
主语从句
语法原句再现
That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes,...
Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved,but the signs are promising...
It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries.
仔细观察上面这三个句子,我们会发现这几个句子全都是主从复合句。第1、第2句分别是由that、whether引导的主语从句;第3句是it作形式主语,真正的主语是两个that引导的句子。
语法知识点拨
一、主语从句的含义
在句子中起名词作用的从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用,这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。顾名思义,如果一个分句在句子中担当主语,该分句就是主语从句。
二、主语从句的引导词
1.从属连词that,whether/if。
that在从句中不充当句子成分,也无意义,只起连接作用,但不可省略。
whether/if在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末。但由if引导的主语从句不能放在句首,只能放在句末。
That knowledge is power is true.
知识就是力量,这点是真的。
Whether we will go for an outing remains unknown.
我们是否去郊游还不知道。
It is still doubtful whether/if she will play the role.
她是否要演这个角色还不能确定。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　　　 he was admitted into his dream university made us very happy.
　　　 　 it will do us harm remains to be seen.
It is still under discussion 　 　　　 the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel.
That
Whether
whether/if
2.连接代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever等引导主语从句时,在句中既起连接作用,又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
What he said made us believe that he was a generous man.
他说的话让我们相信他是一个大方的人。
Who will hold the meeting matters little.
谁主持会议并不要紧。
Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年,在风筝节,风筝做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品。
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (运动会什么时候举行)hasn’t been decided yet.
　　　　　　　　　　　　 (凡是值得做的事)is worth doing well.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (昨天是谁打破的玻璃) is not clear.
　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 (哪一个小组做得最好) will be decided after the match.
When the sports meeting will be held
Whatever is worth doing
Who broke the glass yesterday
Which group did the best job
3.连接副词when,where,how,why等在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。
Thanks to the improvement of technology,how we make friends and communicate with each other has changed significantly.
由于技术的进步,我们交朋友和互相交流的方式发生了显著变化。
Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.
土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间并不确定,但可能是在1565年左右。
Where they will go for a spring outing has caused a heated discussion.
他们将去哪里春游引起了热烈的讨论。
温馨提示
主语从句中引导词的选择技巧:
在确定主语从句的引导词的时候,可以根据引导词在从句中所作的语法成分和引导词在从句中的意义两方面进行考虑。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　　　 the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner was never clear.
　　　 　 they will get married or not is still uncertain.
　　 　　 leaves the classroom last must turn off the lights.
　　　　 was said here must be kept secret.
It makes no difference to me 　　　　 we shall spend our holiday for
　　　　 I need is only relaxation.
Why
Whether
Whoever
What
where
what
三、形式主语(it)代替主语从句
有时为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。it作形式主语时,常用于以下句型:
句型 说明
It+系动词+形容词+主语从句 常用的形容词有:important,(un)likely,possible,
necessary,natural,wrong等
It+系动词+名词+主语从句 常用的名词有:fact,idea,honour,wonder,pity等
It+系动词+过去分词+主语从句 常用的过去分词有:known,proved,said,decided,
suggested,thought等
It+不及物动词+主语从句 常用的动词有:appear,happen,seem,occur,matter等
温馨提示
①在“It+系动词+形容词+主语从句”句型中,形容词为necessary,important,
essential,vital等时,从句常用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“(should+)动词原形”的形式。
It is necessary that you(should)remember these English words.
你有必要记住这些英语单词。
温馨提示
②在“It+系动词+过去分词+主语从句”句型中,如果过去分词为suggested,
advised,ordered,requested,required,demanded等时,从句谓语动词常用“(should+)动词原形”。
It was suggested that he (should) go there.
有人建议他去那里。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　 　 is important that the parents (should) create a peaceful environment in the family,which is helpful in shaping the child’s character.
It was no surprise 　　　　 our team won the game.
It is suggested that the meeting 　　　 　 (be)put off.
It
that
(should)be
四、主语从句中应注意的问题
1.从句要用陈述语序
Where you were born doesn’t make any difference.
你在哪里出生不会产生任何影响。
2.主语从句的主谓一致
(1)主语为从句时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式,但如果what引导的从句作主语,代表复数概念(常可从表语上看出)时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
What I need is your help.
我所需要的是你的帮助。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由两个或多个引导词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where my family will go for a holiday is not decided.
我们一家还未决定何时何地去度假。
3.需要辨别以下几组引导词
(1)whatever和whoever
whatever和whoever可以引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。在这种情况下,不能换成no matter what/who。如果它们引导让步状语从句,可以转换成no matter what/who的形式。
Whoever wants to go there should get permission from their parents.(主语从句)
任何想去那里的人都应该得到父母的许可。
Whoever/No matter who wants to go there,they should get permission from their parents.(让步状语从句)
无论谁想去那里,都应该得到父母的许可。
(2)that和what
what既能引导主语从句,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于all that/everything that...,常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”;而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that。
That he will come to our school delights us all.(that不作成分)
他将会到我们学校来,我们大家都很高兴。
What is even more important is that we need to cheer up in time of trouble.
(what作主语)
更重要的是在困难时我们需要振奋起来。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do 　 　(help).
How we understand things 　　　　(have) a lot to do with what we feel.
When they will set off for London and where they will stay 　　 　　 (be) decided.
When and where the conference will be held 　 　　　　　　　　　 (还没决定).
helps
has
have been
has not been decided yet
真题体验
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) 　　　　 worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.
【解析】 考查主语从句。设空处所在句为主语从句,从句中缺少主语,根据句意可知,应用what。位于句首首字母需大写。故填What。
What
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)She says it is essential 　　　　 we keep control of artificial intelligence,or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
【解析】 考查主语从句。句中it作形式主语,后面that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。故填that。
that
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)　　 　　 I was to do was fly to Topeka to pick up Tiffy.
【解析】 考查主语从句。设空处所在句为主语从句,从句中缺少do的宾语,根据句意可知,应用what。位于句首首字母需大写。故填What。
What
4.(2023·全国乙卷)　　　　 is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
It
【解析】 考查主语从句。设空处作形式主语,后面that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。位于句首首字母需大写。故填It。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.　　　　 he said nothing at the meeting made me puzzled.
2.It never occurred to me 　　　　 you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
3.　　 　　 he will offer us help is still a problem.
4.I think 　　　　 impress me about his painting are the colours he uses.
5.　　　　 will be made the captain of our team is still unknown.
That
that
Whether
what
Who
6.　　　 　 gains the most points wins the competition.
7.　　 　　 you can make your dream come true remains to be seen.
8.It is a fact 　　　　 English has been accepted as an international language.
9.　　　　 is proved is that animals and insects have their own languages.
10.　　　　 they will come hasn’t been made public.
Whoever
Whether
that
What
When
Ⅱ.语篇填空
1.　　 　　 we can succeed in the end depends on various factors.
2.　　　　 we have a clear goal is the first step.3.　　　　 we should do next is also of great importance.When we start the project and 4.　　　 we carry it out need to be carefully considered.Of course,5.　　　　 we make such a decision is based on a comprehensive analysis.6.　　 　　 joins our team will bring new vitality.7.　　 　　 method we choose will directly affect the efficiency.8.　　　　 we overcome difficulties determines the final outcome.9.　　　　 is obvious that all these aspects are interrelated and crucial for the achievement of our objective.
Whether
That
What
how
why
Whoever
Which
How
It(共18张PPT)
Unit 2　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.People living in coastal areas are often in　　 　　(面临,遭受) to the threat of typhoons and tsunamis,so they need to be well-prepared.
2.From the expressions on their faces,I realised the 　　　　(严重性) of the situation.
3.The stars are only　　　　(看得见的)at night when there is no cloud blocking them.
exposure
gravity
visible
4. He dreamt of being an　　 　　(航天员) when he was a child.
5.The students showed great　　 　　(自制力) in following the school’s rules.
6.The failure in the exam　　　 　(使烦恼) her a great deal.
7.The community’s efforts in planting trees have made a　　 　　(永久的) contribution to improving the local environment.
astronaut
discipline
bothered
permanent
8.Regular　　　 　(维护,保养) of the car is essential to keep it running smoothly.
9.These measures have played a 　　　　(极重要的) role in restoring the economy.
panies often　　 　　(评估,评价) market trends carefully before launching a new product to ensure its success.
maintenance
vital
evaluate
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Usually,teachers are often supposed to give some 　 　　　(evaluate) on students according to the performance in their eyes.
2.　　　 　 the circumstances,we had no choice but to postpone the event due to the sudden bad weather.
3.There are many tiny creatures in the ocean that are 　　　 　(visible) to us without the help of a microscope.
evaluation
In/Under
invisible
4.Above all,we intend to campaign for the 　 　　　(universe) adoption of sustainable and equitable(公平的) lifestyles.
5.It’s important to　　 　　(maintenance) a healthy diet and regular exercise routine to stay in good shape.
6.　　　 　(occupy) in looking after her children,she can’t spare any time to have a holiday.
universal
maintain
Occupied
7.The love and support from his family have 　 　　　 (permanent) shaped his positive outlook on life.
8.My mission is 　　 　(help) the clients avoid risks and find opportunities for their business.
9.He was 　　　　 (absence) from school yesterday because he was ill.
10.The lab demonstration casts new light 　　　　 the physics theory we learnt last class.
permanently
to help
absent
on
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.你会发现这张地图对你游览伦敦很有价值。(be of+抽象名词)

2.随着互联网的快速发展,互联网的优势是显而易见的。(plain to see)
You will find the map is of great value for you to travel around London.
With the rapid development of the Internet,the advantages of the Internet are plain to see.
3.虽然他很年轻,但他能成功地完成这项任务。(as引导让步状语从句)

4.就我个人看来,在我们的日常生活中健康是最重要的。(否定词+比较级)


5.考虑到你的身体状况,我建议你乘火车去那里。(in view of;suggest)
Young as he is,he can finish the task successfully.
From my point of view,nothing is more important than health in our daily life.
In view of your physical condition,I suggest you go there by train.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Satellites go up,die in space,and stay there for a long time.They become junk that might crash into other objects,making more metal pieces.And at the speed of about 20 thousand kilometres an hour,even a tiny piece could cause significant damage.
Dr.Moriba Jah has been working on sounding the alarm.Guided by traditional ecological knowledge,he’s exploring a new path for responsible space exploration.
From a young age,he decided to find a way to serve people.Maybe he’d help find the cure for AIDS.He considered it at the time.The dream agreed with his love for biology,but instead,he was enlisted in the army for four years,where the night experience in nature introduced him to satellites and turned his attention toward space.
Now,Jah is a professor at the University of Texas at Austin.As a space environmentalist and scientist,Jah is working on solutions to the junk in the space—a problem growing more quickly than ever since the late 1990s,with the development in commercial space exploration launching rockets more often than ever.Later,he mapped the human-made objects in the Earth’s orbit (轨道) and helped launch a satellite and space junk tracker application available to the public.
About millions of space pieces are in the Earth’s orbit,and some of which are large enough to be tracked.
“The best solution is to transport it to the Earth and have it burnt up in the atmosphere,” Jah highlights,but it pollutes the atmosphere in the process.
Despite the junk in the space is growing, Jah is optimistic about the way forward.“Mother Nature is very resilient (有弹性的).We can see evidence of that,” he says.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家Moriba Jah博士为解决太空垃圾问题所做的研究和努力并向读者普及了太空环保的知识。
(　　)1.What was probably Jah’s original dream
[A] To be a soldier.
[B] To develop drugs.
[C] To explore space.
[D] To become a professor.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“From a young age...He considered it at the time.”可知,Jah从小就想为人民服务,他当时考虑要帮助人们找到治愈艾滋病的方法。这表明他最初的梦想可能是研发药物。故选B。
(　　)2.What is Jah’s achievement
[A] Developing a rocket.
[B] Mapping the Earth’s orbit.
[C] Helping launch a special app.
[D] Designing man-made satellites.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,Jah帮助推出了一款可供公众使用的太空垃圾追踪应用程序。故选C。
(　　)3.What is the best way to deal with the space junk
[A] Leave it as it is.
[B] Take it back and burn it.
[C] Track it in the air.
[D] Destroy it in space.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,Jah认为将太空垃圾带回地球并燃烧是最好的处理方式。故选B。
(　　)4.What is the passage mainly talking about
[A] The side effects of space exploration.
[B] An effective way to solve space pollution.
[C] The development of commercial space exploration.
[D] A man paving the way for responsible space exploration.
D
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知,本文主要介绍了Dr.Moriba Jah如何致力于太空环保,寻找太空探索新途径。故选D。(共18张PPT)
Unit 2　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The　　　　(起源) of this custom can be traced back to ancient times.
2.The talented author creates an adventure 　　　　(故事) that transports her readers to faraway lands.
3.The 　　　 　(频率) of my visits to the gym has dropped recently due to my busy work schedule.
origin
tale
frequency
4.　　 　　(核能的) energy is considered a potential alternative to traditional fossil fuels.
5.With no one living in the room for 10 years,everything is covered with a thick layer of 　　　　(灰尘).
6.The huge 　　　　(火箭) launched successfully and soared into the sky.
7.Engineers 　　　　 (计算,核算) the load-bearing capacity of a bridge before its construction to ensure safety.
Nuclear
dust
rocket
calculate
8.When he was twelve,he began to learn to be a car　　 　　(技工).
9.Unexpectedly,Kevin gave him a big hug,and said,“Thank you for returning my mum’s 　　　 　(钱包) yesterday!”
10. She had a noble 　　 　　(动机) for starting this charity project,
which was to help those in need.
mechanic
purse
motive
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.The growing 　　 　　(frequent) of our outdoor adventures has brought us closer to nature.
2.The shelf in the corner was 　　　　(dust).
3.The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical 　　　 　 (assist).
frequency
dusty
assistance
4.The latest finding,together with the old finds,　　　 　(comprise) all that experts know about Minoan culture.
5.Our 　　 　　(origin) plan was overtaken by events and we had to make a new one.
6.My parents 　　　 　(constant) express their love and support for me,which gives me great confidence.
7.Education is an important 　　 　　(invest) for individuals,as it can open up more opportunities for their future careers.
comprises
original
constantly
investment
8.According to my rough 　　　 　(calculate),we made a profit of ￡20,000 last year.
9.He lives a very simple life for a man who is 　　　　 (incredible) rich.
10.Our country will continue to expand the 　　　 　(cover) of basic medical care.
calculation
incredibly
coverage
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.门被锁上了,我们进不了房间。(with复合结构)
With the door locked,we couldn’t get into the room.
2.参加各种各样的活动使我们拥有了更多的能力。(动名词短语作主语)
Engaging in a variety of activities enables us to have more competence.
3.虽然我很佩服你的勇气,但有时候你不参与更好。(while引导让步状语从句)
While I admire your courage,sometimes it’s better not to get involved.
4.直到他开始工作他才意识到学好英语的重要性。(强调句型)
It was not until he started to work that he realised the importance of learning English well.
5.老师发表了一场鼓舞人心的演讲,激发了学生们的学习热情。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
The teacher gave an inspiring speech,arousing the students’ enthusiasm for learning.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Scientists have for the first time discovered a cave on the Moon.It could be an ideal place for humans to build a permanent base,they said.It is just one in probably hundreds of caves hidden in an “underground,
undiscovered world”,according to the researchers.
Countries are racing to establish a permanent human base on the Moon,but they need to protect astronauts from radiation,extreme temperatures,and space weather.And the newly discovered cave looked like a good place for a base which will provide good protection for astronauts,and humans could potentially be living there in decades.
The cave has yet to be fully explored,but the researchers hope that radars,cameras or even robots could be used to map it.“We have very good images of the surface—we can see the Apollo spacecraft landing sites—but we know little about what lies below the surface.There are huge opportunities for discovery,” said a researcher.
The Moon cave might be useful to humans,but the scientists also stressed that it could help answer fundamental questions about the history of the Moon,and even our solar system.The rocks inside the cave were not as damaged by space weather as other rocks,so they can provide an extensive geological record going back billions of years.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍的是科学家首次在月球上发现洞穴,其或成为人类建立永久基地的理想地点,对未来月球探索及研究月球乃至太阳系历史具有重要意义。
(　　)1.What is the main significance of discovering the Moon cave
[A] It offers a potential living place for humans.
[B] It proves the existence of life on the Moon.
[C] It challenges the study of space weather.
[D] It provides a new tourist destination.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知,科学家首次在月球上发现洞穴,这个洞穴可能是人类建立永久基地的理想地点。因此发现月球洞穴的主要意义在于它为人类提供了一个潜在的居住地。故选A。
(　　)2.What makes the Moon cave a potential site for a human base
[A] Its temperature.
[B] Its length.
[C] Its protection.
[D] Its width.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段“And the newly discovered cave...and humans could potentially be living there in decades.”可知,新发现的洞穴看起来像是建立基地的好地方,它将为宇航员提供良好的保护。故选C。
(　　)3.What can be inferred about the exploration of the Moon cave
[A] It is affected by lack of funding.
[B] It holds great potential for scientific discovery.
[C] It has been completed using advanced technology.
[D] It is focused on finding evidence of life on the Moon.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段及最后一段第一句可知,月球洞穴还没有被完全探索,对其的探索会使科学家有机会获得重要发现,并且月球洞穴对人类可能有用。由此可推出月球洞穴的探索具有很大的科学发现潜力。故选B。
(　　)4.What is the scientists’ attitude towards the Moon cave
[A] Carefully optimistic.
[B] Doubtful.
[C] Absolutely certain.
[D] Uninterested.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,科学家们认为月球洞穴可能对人类有用,可能对于研究月球和太阳系的历史有着重要的作用。由此可推出科学家们对月球洞穴持有谨慎乐观的态度。故选A。(共37张PPT)
Unit 2　课时作业(四)
①The large table occupies too much space in the small room.　　
②In history,some powerful countries tried to occupy the territories of weaker nations through unjust wars.　　
③She occupied herself with routine housework.　　
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.occupy
(分值:52.5分)
单元知识综合练
B
A.vt.使忙于(做某事)　B.vt.占用(空间、面积、时间等)　C.vt.侵占;占据
C
A
2.shelter
A.n.躲避处;避难所　B.n.居所;住处 C.n.保护;掩蔽;庇护　D.vt.掩蔽;保护 E.vi.躲避;避难
①They were standing under the shelter of a huge tree.　　
②The Sun beat down,so we sat in the shade,sheltering from the Sun.　　
③During the storm,the cave served as a shelter for the lost hikers.　　
④Food,clothing,shelter and transport are the four most basic human needs.
　　
⑤Trees were planted to shelter this area from strong sandstorms.　　
C
E
A
B
D
3.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①Apparently,the speed of light is an important constant.　　　　　　　　
②She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a risky move,but she decided to take the chance.　　　　　　　
常数
认为
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
New invention to get astronauts moving in space
NASA says that astronauts can lose as much as 10% of their bone density (骨密度) when they’re in space.That’s because there is no gravity for their bodies to push against.1.　　　 It is a machine that allows them to jump in zero gravity.
F
Jumping in zero gravity would help build up bone density and muscle mass rather than astronauts losing this while in space.2.　　　　This is to maintain a healthy lifestyle and prevent them from losing too much muscle and bone density.An engineer of this project,says that his machine would cut workout time down to just six minutes a day!It will allow astronauts to take part in a short but intense workout designed to build both muscle mass and bone density.
E
The engineer says that jumping is important to maintain good bone density.3.　　　So he thinks his invention is the perfect solution.
A former NASA astronaut says that exercising in space is very important for a successful recovery once back on the Earth.He says he would welcome shorter workouts to ensure other duties on the spacecraft can still be completed.4.　　　 “When you’re jumping on this you can really feel it from your toes right through your shoulders,” she says.
A
G
Experts say this machine could also save much-needed space on board.5.　　　　And it’s expected that it will join some astronauts in space in recent years!
C
A.However,jumping in zero gravity is really hard.
B.Now,astronauts don’t spend much time exercising.
C.Next year the machine will be tested in zero gravity.
D.Some people wonder whether the machine will work in space.
E.At the moment astronauts spend up to two hours a day,six days a week exercising.
F.An engineer from London has found the solution to keeping astronauts fit and healthy in space.
G.Tess Morris-Paterson,who has been testing the machine,says the workout gives her full-body benefits.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以让宇航员在太空中运动的新发明。
1.【答案】 F
【解析】 上文说明太空环境中,宇航员的骨密度会降低,F项就上文所说明的情况给出对应的解决方法,并引出下文。“It”指代选项中的“solution”,说明具体的解决方法是可以让宇航员使用在零重力下帮助他们跳跃的机器。F项承上启下,符合题意。故选F。
2.【答案】 E
【解析】 下文“This is to maintain a healthy lifestyle and prevent them from losing too much muscle and bone density.”说明宇航员会做某种活动以保持健康,E项具体介绍宇航员所做的活动是锻炼,并且介绍锻炼的时间,引出下文,符合题意。故选E。
3.【答案】 A
【解析】 上文说明跳跃对于保持良好骨密度的重要性,A项与上文形成转折关系,说明在太空的零重力条件下,跳跃很困难,由此引出下文内容。A项承上启下,符合题意。故选A。
4.【答案】 G
【解析】 下文说明这种机器可以让人感受到它的益处,G项说明机器对身体有好处,引出下文内容,且选项中“Tess Morris-Paterson”由下文中“she”进行指代,G项符合题意。故选G。
5.【答案】 C
【解析】 下文说明人们期望未来几年能将此机器应用在宇航员身上,并结合常识可知,在正式使用机器之前,机器需经历一系列测试。C项符合逻辑,引出下文。故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
In September 2016,six people came out from a small solar-powered building on the side of a volcano in Hawaii.They were 　1　 of a simulated
(模拟的)mission to Mars,and they had been living in the building for nearly one year,　2　 from the rest of the world.
This mission to Mars was part of an ongoing 　3　 to see how people would deal with the challenges of living on another planet.Based on the
　4　 of the experiment so far,here are four abilities you would need to
　5　 on Mars.
The first is Resourcefulness(足智多谋).When the water system broke,
the group had two 　6　.They could figure out how to fix it or they could
　7　 months for supplies to be delivered from the “Earth”—by which point they would be dead.So they 　8　 it themselves.
The second is Imagination.The group members have said boredom was a major 　9　.On Mars,you wouldn’t have social media,so you’d have to
　10　 other forms of entertainment.
The third is Tolerance.The building is only a quarter of the size of a basketball court.If you’re 　11　 annoyed by people,life on Mars might not be for you.Whether eating,working,exercising,or relaxing,you would hardly be 　12　.
The last is Independence.During a mission,there is no real-time
　13　 between the group and anyone on the “Earth”.They have email,
　14　 messages are on a 20-minute delay(延迟),simulating how long it would take messages to 　15　 between the Earth and Mars.So you would be removed from the lives of your loved ones back on the Earth.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项实验。实验中六名成员体验了长达一年与世隔绝的“火星生活”,就此文章总结了人类移居火星前应该具备的四种能力。
(　　)1.
B
【解析】 根据上文“six people”和文章第四段中“group members”可知,句中的“They”代指上文提到的从建筑物中出来的六个人,他们是这次任务的小组成员(members)。故选B。
[A] captains
[B] members
[C] astronauts
[D] directors
(　　)2.
D
【解析】 根据句中“a simulated(模拟的) mission to Mars”可知,他们在进行一项模拟火星任务,由此可知,他们模拟在火星上生活,待在建筑物里不出来,与世界其他地方隔绝了,“cut off from...”意为“与……隔绝”。故选D。
[A] pulled
[B] kept free
[C] protected
[D] cut off
(　　)3.
C
【解析】 根据下文“Based on the 　4　 of the experiment so far”中的“experiment”可知,这一火星任务是一项正在进行的实验(experiment)的一部分。故选C。
[A] explanation
[B] holiday
[C] experiment
[D] game
(　　)4.
A
【解析】 根据句中“here are four abilities you would need to 　5　 on Mars”可知,下文介绍了在火星上生存所需的四种能力,这四种能力应该是通过实验结果(results)总结出来的。故选A。
[A] results
[B] origins
[C] wishes
[D] requirements
(　　)5.
D
[A] refuse
[B] copy
[C] argue
[D] survive
【解析】 根据上文“how people would deal with the challenges of living on another planet”可知,这次实验旨在探索人类如何在另一个星球上生存,由此可知,实验结果展示的是在另一个星球上生存(survive)所需的能力。故选D。
(　　)6.
B
【解析】 根据下文“They could figure out how to fix it or they could
　7　 months for supplies to be delivered from the ‘Earth’”可知,当供水系统中断时,他们可以想办法解决问题,也可以等从“地球”运送来的物资,由此可知,这是该小组面临的两个选择(choices)。故选B。
[A] tasks
[B] choices
[C] dreams
[D] conditions
(　　)7.
C
【解析】 根据句中“by which point they would be dead”可知,在“地球”上的物资被运到前,他们会死掉,由此可知,要想获得从“地球”运送来的物资,需要等待(wait)几个月。故选C。
[A] spread
[B] prepare
[C] wait
[D] leave
(　　)8.
A
【解析】 根据上文“They could figure out how to fix it”中的“fix”可知,他们可以选择想办法修理它,由此可知,他们没有等待“地球”运来的物资,而是自己修(fixed)好了供水系统。故选A。
[A] fixed
[B] watered
[C] called
[D] planted
(　　)9.
D
【解析】 根据下文“On Mars,you wouldn’t have social media”可知,在火星上,你不会有社交媒体,你会感到无聊,由此可知,无聊对小组成员来说是一个巨大的挑战(challenge)。故选D。
[A] desire
[B] habit
[C] ability
[D] challenge
(　　)10.
C
【解析】 根据句中“On Mars,you wouldn’t have social media”可知,在火星上,你不会有社交媒体,由此可知,你必须找到(find)其他形式的娱乐活动。故选C。
[A] limit
[B] forget
[C] find
[D] leap
(　　)11.
B
【解析】 根据上文“The third is Tolerance.”可知,在火星上生活,宽容很重要,由此可知,如果你很容易(easily)被人惹恼,那么你不适合在火星上生活。故选B。
[A] hardly
[B] easily
[C] secretly
[D] suddenly
(　　)12.
A
[A] alone
[B] polite
[C] successful
[D] normal
【解析】 根据上文“The building is only a quarter of the size of a basketball court.”可知,这座建筑只有篮球场的四分之一大,空间很小,由此可知,你几乎不会单独(alone)吃饭、工作、锻炼或是放松。故选A。
(　　)13.
A
【解析】 根据下文“They have email,　14　 messages are on a 20-minute delay(延迟)”可知,小组成员与“地球”之间的信息交流会延迟20分钟,由此可知,小组与“地球”上的任何人之间没有实时通信(communication)。故选A。
[A] communication
[B] system
[C] teaching
[D] meeting
(　　)14.
B
【解析】 根据上文“They have email”和下文“messages are on a 20-minute delay(延迟)”可知,前后为转折关系,虽然他们可以用电子邮件,但(but)信息会延迟20分钟。故选B。
[A] so
[B] but
[C] if
[D] unless
(　　)15.
C
【解析】 根据上文“messages are on a 20-minute delay(延迟)”和下文“between the Earth and Mars”可知,信息延迟20分钟是为了模拟信息在地球和火星之间传播(travel)所需的时间。故选C。
[A] escape
[B] walk
[C] travel
[D] change
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,上周六恰逢你校科技节之际,物理学的王教授来你校作讲座。请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1.时间和地点,参加人员。
2.讲座内容:(1)航空航天的基本知识;(2)宇宙探索新发现。
3.讲座反响。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Last Saturday,a scientific lecture,part of the Science Festival of our school,was given by Professor Wang of physics.The lecture,which took place in the school hall,lasted three hours from 7:00 p.m.to 10:00 p.m.All the students attended it.
Professor Wang gave a detailed speech,enabling us to have a deep understanding of the basic knowledge of aerospace and the new discoveries of universe exploration in a simple way.Additionally,he told us some inspiring stories publicly unknown about the astronauts.
The lecture which received high praise and warm response turned out to be a great success.We benefited a lot,for it not only enriched our school life but aroused our keen interest in space exploration.(共15张PPT)
Unit 2　读后续写专题练
(分值:25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Oh,dear,I am surprised you didn’t know that your little brother is blind!” Hearing Nathan’s words,I was extremely desperate to find out the truth about my two-year-old brother,David.
With a misty vision,I ran home as fast as I could.Still out of breath,I questioned,“Is David blind ” Mother turned to me with tears in her eyes.
“Yes,he’s born blind.” It was a heartbreaking moment.I knew clearly the dream of showing David my cool soccer moves or playing games with him ended cruelly.“Why did you keep the truth from me I often wondered why he didn’t look at me or why he was always tripping over things and I thought it was because he was still too young...” Before I could continue any further,
mother hugged me and cried,“I’m sorry,Caleb.Dad and I just didn’t know how to tell you.”
Suddenly,it struck me that David was blind but he could still hear the whole conversation.Not wanting him to be affected by it,I stopped crying and went forward and embraced him.“I love you so much,David.” Worry crept upon me: How hard life would be for him!
Little did I know that David was to inspire me so greatly.
As David grew up,he was fairly strong-willed.Despite the challenges that he faced,he continued to attend the school for visually impaired children.He insisted he would take the bus home on his own.Often,he would walk through the main door looking sheepish and saying the same phrase,“Sorry Mum,I am late.I boarded the wrong bus again.”
Tough as life was,there was always silver lining of misfortune.Despite not being able to see,he could play a piece of music after listening to it being played once on the piano.He even dreamed of playing solo (独奏) one day onstage.Luckily for him,the school had discovered David’s extraordinary talent.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
One day,David burst through the main door excitedly.
Paragraph 2:
Tapping the ground with his walking stick,David entered the stage.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who David,mother and I 急切
难过
担心
激动、不安
宽慰、自豪
Where At home and at school
What David was blind but strong-willed. He inspired me through his efforts.
明确冲突定主题 Conflict & Clue Conflict: David would give a performance.I was a little worried about him,because he was blind. Clue: Despite not being able to see,he could play music. 急切
难过
担心
激动、不安
宽慰、自豪
Theme David’s strong will and determination inspired me.
预设问题定走向 Para.1 One day,David burst through the main door excitedly. Q1: Why was David excited Q2: What was the family’s reaction Q3: What did David do in the following days 急切
难过
担心
激动、不安
宽慰、自豪
Para.2 Tapping the ground with his walking stick,David entered the stage. Q1: How did David behave on the stage Q2: What was the audience’s reaction Q3: How did David influence me (共26张PPT)
Unit 2　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.　　　　 he finally realised his dream after years of hard work inspired everyone around him.
2.It is obvious 　　　　 he has made great progress in his studies recently.
3.　　　　 they will hold the sports meeting is still a question,for they have so many things to prepare.
That
that
When
4.　　　　 they changed their original plan without notice is really hard to understand.
5.　　　　we can solve this difficult problem needs careful consideration.
6.It remains to be seen 　　　 　 the new policy can effectively solve the traffic congestion problem.
7.　　　　 is important that you should ask your parents for advice about important decisions or challenges you are facing.
Why
How
if/whether
It
8.In order to save energy,　 　　　 leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
9.I don’t have any particular taste in western food and 　 　　　 you choose from the menu is all right with me.
10.　　　　 method we should adopt to solve this complex problem is still being discussed.
whoever
whichever
Which
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.人们应该尊重不同的文化和传统,这对于构建和谐社会意义重大。(that 引导的主语从句)


2.我们是否能够实现目标在很大程度上取决于我们的毅力。(whether 引导的主语从句)
That people should respect different cultures and traditions is of great significance in building a harmonious society.
Whether we can achieve our goals depends largely on our perseverance.
3.我们都知道的是宇宙的起源仍然是个谜。(what 引导的主语从句)

4.遗憾的是,杰克因腿伤不得不放弃打篮球。(it作形式主语的主语从句)


What we all know is that the origin of the universe is still a mystery.
It is a pity that Jack has to give up playing basketball because of his leg injury.
5.谁只要足够勇敢去参加各种竞赛,谁就会收获宝贵的经验与自信。(who 引导的主语从句)
Who is brave enough to take part in various competitions will gain valuable experience and confidence.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
If you look up at the sky on a clear and dark night,you’ll see more stars than your eyes can count.Most of these stars have planets,similar to our own,orbiting them.With so many celestial bodies floating out in space,you can’t help but question whether other forms of life exist in the universe.And if that’s the case,is it possible to contact them
Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.Currently,no evidence exists to suggest that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe.Yet with an estimated one trillion planets in our galaxy alone,it seems highly likely that Earthlings aren’t the only intelligent creatures out there.Some claim that life can only develop under perfect circumstances,and the Earth is perhaps the only example of this.Other scientists object to this claim,and point out that even on the Earth,life can find a way under the most extreme circumstances.
Some people believe that aliens have already visited our planet,but this information is being kept secret by governments.The most famous incident of this kind occurred in Roswell,New Mexico in 1947.On that date,many residents reported seeing an unusual flying disc streak through the sky,
before it crashed in a field.When the military heard about the crash,they quickly sealed off the area.A few hours later,the army base announced that it had recovered a flying disc.Shortly after,this statement was retracted and it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed.However,years later one local mortician even claimed that the military had him secretly perform an autopsy on a dead alien body.
Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there,but the distance between us is too great.Even if we could somehow create a spaceship that travels at the speed of light,it would still probably take several lifetimes to reach them.Then again,we might never have to do this if aliens reach us first.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其他形式的生命及不同的人对此持有不同的看法。
(　　)1.Why do some scientists think there is life on other planets
[A] Because an unusual flying disc was ever witnessed.
[B] Because life exists despite extreme conditions as those on the Earth do.
[C] Because the government’s statement seemed suspicious.
[D] Because there are a great number of planets in the universe.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet with an estimated...the only intelligent creatures out there.”可知,有些科学家认为其他星球上有生命是因为宇宙中有大量的行星。故选D。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “retracted” in Paragraph 3 mean
[A] Examined again to guarantee the correctness.
[B] Emphasized again to persuade people.
[C] Formally took back what had been said.
[D] Seriously criticized due to poor evidence.
C
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词上文“A few hours later,the army...
statement was”以及下文“it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed”可知,该军事基地宣布他们发现了一个飞碟。不久之后,这一声明被撤回。据说此“飞碟”是一个坠毁的气象气球。故画线词意思是“正式收回说过的话”。故选C。
(　　)3.Which of the following might be the best title for the text
[A] Are We Alone in the Universe
[B] Is It Possible to Contact Aliens
[C] Intelligent Life in the Universe
[D] Planets Floating Out in Space
A
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段中“With so many celestial bodies floating out...to contact them ”并结合文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其他形式的生命及不同的人对此持有不同的看法可知,A项“我们是宇宙中唯一的存在吗 ”最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
(　　)4.How does the author sound in the text
[A] Humorous.
[B] Objective.
[C] Cautious.
[D] Anxious.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.”和第三段中“Some people believe...being kept secret by governments.”以及最后一段中“Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there,but the distance between us is too great.”可推知,文中没有提到作者的观点,即作者的论述是客观的。故选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
It is generally accepted 1.　　　　the invention of printing,possibly during the Tang Dynasty (618—907),is one of the decisive inventions for the advancement of 2.　　 　　 (civilise).
that
civilisation
Initially,it began as blocks cut from wood 3.　　　　 (apply) to print textiles (纺织品) and then used to reproduce short Buddhist religious texts.Later,long scrolls (卷轴) and books were produced,first by woodblock printing and then by using movable type printing.Printed books,including Confucian classics,dictionaries,Mathematics and others,became even 4.　　　 　 (convenient) and available to ordinary people,who could even purchase books from private dealers in Shu (modern Sichuan Province).
applied
more convenient
By the end of the 9th century,it 5.　　　 　 (spread) all over China.
During the Qingli (庆历) period (1041-1048),the invention of movable type printing appeared and contributed much 6.　　　　 the development of the world,which is 7.　　　 　 reform in the history of printing.The basic printing technology made its way to Europe from China later.Building on movable type printing in the 1450s,Johannes Gutenberg from Germany
8.　　　 　(transform) Western progress and society with mass printing,
9.　　　　 (enable) the spread of information to the masses.It is universally believed that 10.　　　　 is this printing invention that is regarded by many as the invention of the millennium (一千年).
had spread
to
a
transformed
enabling
it
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷术的发明以及影响。
1.【答案】 that
【解析】 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,it作形式主语,设空处是that引导的主语从句,作真正的主语。故填that。
2.【答案】 civilisation
【解析】 考查名词。 作介词“of”的宾语,应用名词,该名词不可数。故填civilisation。
3.【答案】 applied
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词,
“blocks”与“apply”之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填applied。
4.【答案】 more convenient
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知,表示“更方便”应用比较级,在convenient前面加more。故填more convenient。
5.【答案】 had spread
【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“By the end of the 9th century”可知,此处表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时。故填had spread。
6.【答案】 to
【解析】 考查固定搭配。contribute ...to...意为“对……做出贡献”。故填to。
7.【答案】 a
【解析】 考查冠词。此处“reform”为泛指,且以辅音音素开头。故填a。
8.【答案】 transformed
【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“in the 1450s”可知,此处应用过去时。故填transformed。
9.【答案】 enabling
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。设空处“enable”与上文句子构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填enabling。
10.【答案】 it
【解析】 考查强调句。设空处为强调句:it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他,被强调部分为“this printing invention”。故填it。(共105张PPT)
Part 2
Integrated skills,Extended reading,
Project,Assessment,Further study
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　 n.资金,财源;钱包
2. n.故事;讲述,叙述
3. n.火箭;火箭武器
4. n.居所,住处;庇护
vt.保护,掩蔽
vi.躲避
5. adj.核能的,原子能的;核武器的
写作词汇
purse
tale
rocket
shelter
nuclear
1.shuttle n.
vi.
2.hydrogen n.
3.mechanic n.
阅读词汇
航天飞机;来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车)
频繁往来(于两地之间)
氢,氢气
机械师,技工
拓展词汇
1. n.起源,起因;出身→originate v.起源;创立→original adj.起初的;原来的;首创的→originally adv.原来;起初
2. n.发生率,出现率;频繁;频率→frequent adj.频繁的;经常发生的→frequently adv.频繁地
3. n.原因,动机,目的→motivation n.动力,诱因;积极性;干劲→
motivator n.激励因素
origin
frequency
motive
4. n.投资;投入→invest v.投资;投入(时间、精力等)→investor n.投资者,投资机构
5. vt.计算,核算;预测→calculation n.计算;估计;预测→calculator n.计算器
6. n.新闻报道;覆盖范围;信息范围→cover n.覆盖物;盖子;(书刊的)封面,封皮v.遮盖;覆盖;包含;足以支付;行走(一段路程);报道
7. n.助理;售货员;助教 adj.助理的,副的→assist v.帮助;协助;援助→assistance n.帮助;援助;支持
investment
calculate
coverage
assistant
8. adv.极其,极端地;令人难以置信→incredible adj.难以置信的;极好的
9. n.沙土,尘土;灰尘,尘埃→dusty adj.尘土飞扬;布满灰尘的
10. adj.固定的,不变的;连续发生的,重复的→constantly adv.不断地;一直;始终
incredibly
dust
constant
1.a huge amount of　　　　
2.long to do
3.make sense of
4.be fascinated by...
5.make contributions to...
重点词块及句型
重点词块
大量的
渴望做……
理解,弄懂……
对……着迷
捐赠;对……做出贡献;对……有促成作用
6.go far beyond
7.take advantage of...
8.meet one’s needs
9.a nuclear power station
远超出
利用……
满足某人的需求
核电站
重点句型
1.Some people believe that
,it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth.(while引导让步状语从句)
有些人相信,虽然太空探索拓展了我们对宇宙的理解,但它浪费公共资金,并且对于提升我们在地球上的生活质量毫无帮助。
while space exploration expands our
understanding of the universe
2. is evident in ancient tales from around the world,such as that of Chang’e.(that引导主语从句)
天空令我们心驰神往,从世界各地的古老传说里明显看出这一点,例如嫦娥的传说。
That we are fascinated by the sky
3.With each space mission comes greater insight,
.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
每次太空任务都会带来更大的启示,从而激励我们沿着同一条冒险之路继续前进。
4. through our research into space we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun.(强调句型)
正是通过对太空的研究,我们才能确定地球是圆的,它绕着太阳公转。
thus motivating us to
continue along the same path of adventure
It is
that
5. ,
we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind,
.(with复合结构;现在分词短语作结果状语)
依靠为太空探索首次研发的技术,我们可以解决人类面临的一些重大问题,让我们的生活变得更加安全和舒适。
With technologies first researched and developed for space exploration
making our lives
safer and easier
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然—— 太空探索的意义。
2.语篇类型:议论文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文取材于杂志,围绕人类探索太空的原因从五个层面展开论述:通过引导学生探讨太空探索的意义,使学生了解人类航空航天事业的发展的历史与现状,关注我国太空探索所取得的成就和突破,从而激发学生探索太空的兴趣,增强民族自豪感。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
curiosity
origin
safer and easier
economic
inspire
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.Why Neil Armstrong’s first landing on the Moon is mentioned in the first paragraph
[A] To lead to the topic of the text.
[B] To show the difficulties in space exploration.
[C] To show the fast development of science and technology.
[D] To inform readers of some facts about space exploration.
A
(　　)2.What do Stephen Hawking’s words in Paragraph 2 want to stress
[A] The importance of space exploration.
[B] The importance of looking up at the stars.
[C] The importance of sending people to space.
[D] The importance of being curious about the unknown.
D
(　　)3.What does the word “address” in Paragraph 3 mean
[A] Ask.
[B] Answer.
[C] Write letters to.
[D] Give a speech.
B
(　　)4.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
[A] Humans have a strong motive to explore space.
[B] Space exploration helps solve real-life problems.
[C] Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be mass-produced.
[D] Shock absorbers are used to protect buildings and save lives.
B
二次开发·深研课文
▲
　　When Neil Armstrong first 1.　　　　(land) on the Moon in 1969,many people thought that soon we would be regularly visiting other planets in our solar system.However,the reality is that space exploration is 2.
(extreme) difficult and dangerous,can take a very long time and costs a huge amount of money.Why do we continue to explore space,then
landed
extremely
It is in our nature 3.　　　 　(explore).From the very early days of human life on the Earth,our curiosity about the unknown has kept us 4.　　　 　(adventure) into new places.The results of these space investigations have made major contributions 5.　　　　 an understanding of the origin,evolution,and likely future of the universe.
6.　　　　 is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun.As we learn more about the universe,we may one day answer the question 7.　　 　　 there is life on other planets.With technologies first researched and 8.　　　 　(develop) for space exploration,we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind,making our lives safer and easier.
to explore
adventuring
to
It
whether
developed
Although space exploration demands huge investment,the space industry can actually bring great 9.　　　　(economy) value.Moreover,the amazing work these people do can provide education and 10.
(inspire) for the next generation.
economic
inspiration
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.origin n.起源,起因;出身
·originate v.起源;创立;发源,发端于
·original adj.起初的;原来的;首创的
·originally adv.原来;起初
[教材原句] The results of these space investigations have made major contributions to an understanding of the origin,evolution,and likely future of the universe,such as planets,stars,and all other forms of matter and energy.
这些太空探索的成果,为我们理解宇宙(如行星、恒星以及所有其他形式的物质和能量)的起源、演化和可能的未来作出了重要的贡献。
例 Many words in the English language are French in origin.
英语中的许多词源于法语。
例 There is no doubt about the origin of football—it originated from China.
毫无疑问,足球起源于中国。
in origin在来源上,在血统上
the origin of ……的起源
originate from/in sth (sp) 源自某事(地)
例 (应用文写作之日记)Originally,we had intended to go to Italy,but later we won the trip to Greece.
我们本来打算去意大利,但后来我们赢得了去希腊的旅行。
归纳拓展
·in origin在来源上,在血统上
country/place of origin 原产国/原产地
the origin of ……的起源
·originate from/in sth (sp) 源自某事(地)
originate from/with sb源自某人
originate from practice 源于实践
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Her unhappy childhood was the origin 　　　　 her odd personality.
A teacher recently gave a lesson on how Chinese words 　　 　　 (origin) from drawings of ancient times.
This style of music originated 　　 　　 four popular young musicians in the 1950s.
of
originated
from/with
In the end,this house has been returned to its 　　　　(origin) owner.
　　　 　(original),it was a bedroom,but we turned it into a study.
(应用文写作之传统文化)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这个节日的确切起源) is unclear.
original
Originally
The exact origin of the festival
2.motive n.原因,动机,目的
·motivate vt.激励,激发;成为……的动机,是……的原因
·motivation n.动力,诱因;积极性;干劲
[教材原句]This should be a strong motive for continuing to explore space.
这应该成为继续探索太空的一个强有力的动机。
例 (应用文写作之通知)Anyone who has a motive for learning more about space is highly welcome to take part in the lecture.
欢迎任何有兴趣了解更多太空知识的人参加这次讲座。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)You had better keep yourself up to date and maintain interest and motivation.
你最好让自己与时俱进,保持兴趣和干劲。
motive for (doing) sth (做)某事的动机/原因/目的
maintain motivation保持干劲
归纳拓展
·motive for (doing) sth (做)某事的动机/原因/目的
·motivate sb to do sth激励某人做某事
·maintain motivation保持干劲
motive和motivation在主观情感上有所不同:motive趋向于带有贬义的意思;而motivation 相对积极,指的是“干劲,动力”,常被用作“使(某人)去努力的原因”。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
If a student lacks the 　　　 　(motivate) to study,he will quickly become tired of studying.
The teacher’s praise can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(激励学生们更加努力学习).
motivation
motivate the students to study harder
3.investment n.投资;投入
·invest v.投资;投入(时间、精力等)
·investor n.投资者,投资机构
[教材原句]Although space exploration demands huge investment,the space industry can actually bring great economic value.
尽管太空探索需要巨额投资,但实际上航天产业能够带来巨大的经济价值。
例 (名人名言)An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest.—Benjamin Franklin
向知识投资,收益最佳。——本杰明·富兰克林
investment in 对……的投资
归纳拓展
·investment in 对……的投资
investment of ……的投入
·invest sth in (doing) sth 将(时间﹑精力等)投入到(做)某事上
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The project has demanded large investment 　　　　 time and effort.
　　　 　(invest) in hospitals is needed now to match the future needs of the country.
Volunteers invest their love 　　　　 helping those in need,bringing warmth and hope to the whole community.
of
Investment
in
A very good　　　　 (invest) can predict his profits and the future of the market.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(当地政府投入资金修建更多的公园)to provide citizens with better places for relaxation.
investor
The local government invests funds in building more parks
4.calculate vt.计算,核算;预测
·calculation n.计算;估计;预测
·calculated adj.精心策划的;蓄意的
·calculator n.计算器
[教材原句] It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.
据统计,全球航天经济每年增长数十亿美元。
例 Scientists calculate the distance between the planets by using complex formulas.
科学家们通过运用复杂的公式来计算行星之间的距离。
例 (应用文写作之保护环境)It’s difficult to calculate what effect these changes will have on the environment.
很难预测这些变化将会给环境带来什么样的影响。
归纳拓展
·be calculated to do sth=be intended to do sth打算做;故意做
be calculated for为适合……而设计的;适合于……
·calculate on/upon (doing) sth=depend on/upon sth指望(做)某事
·It is calculated that...据估算……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
We calculated 　　 　　 having a sunny day for the picnic,but unfortunately,it rained heavily in the morning.
It is difficult 　　 　　(calculate) the exact impact of climate change on each individual region.
on/upon
to calculate
After much　　 　　(calculate),they worked out the complex equation (方程式).
The product 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(是针对儿童设计的).
(应用文写作之新闻报道)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(据估算) with the continuous efforts of volunteers,more than 500 trees will be planted in the park this year.
calculation
is calculated for children
It is calculated that
It is calculated that the project will cost approximately $5 million.He used a calculator to do the calculation and carefully planned a calculated business strategy to predict the market trend.
据估算,这个项目将花费大约 500 万美元。他使用计算器进行计算,并精心策划了一个商业策略以预测市场趋势。
语
境
串
词
5.coverage n.新闻报道;覆盖范围;信息范围
·cover n.覆盖物;盖子;(书刊的)封面,封皮
v.遮盖;覆盖;包含;足以支付;行走(一段路程);报道
[教材原句] Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts that receive widespread media coverage.
航天产业中的职业远不只是受到媒体广泛报道的宇航员。
例 The incident has received wide coverage in the press.
这个事件已被新闻界广泛报道。
例 (读后续写之环境描写)The whole town was covered with a thick layer of snow,like a beautiful white blanket gently blanketing every rooftop,tree branch,and street corner.
整个小镇都覆盖着一层厚厚的雪,就像一条美丽的白色毯子,轻轻地盖在每一个屋顶、树枝和街角上。
be covered with/by 被……覆盖
归纳拓展
·media/newspaper/press/live coverage 媒体/报纸/报刊/现场的报道
insurance coverage 保险范围
·cover...with...用……覆盖
·be covered with/by 被……覆盖
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Several television stations gave live 　　 　　(cover) to the conference.
Over one fourth of the country 　　 　　(cover) with desert.
The mother covered her sleeping baby 　　　　 a warm blanket to keep it cosy.
coverage
is covered
with
6.assistant n.助理;售货员;助教 adj.助理的,副的
·assist v.帮助;协助;援助
·assistance n.帮助;援助;支持
[教材原句]There are many support staff on the ground,such as engineers,
mechanics and research assistants.
现场有许多地面辅助人员,如工程师、机械师和研究助理。
例 The assistant professor was invited to attend an international academic conference to share her latest findings.
这位助理教授受邀参加了一场国际学术会议,去分享她的最新研究结果。
例 My assistant will demonstrate the machine in action.
我的助理将演示这台机器的运转情况。
归纳拓展
·come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人
with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
without one’s assistance 没有某人的帮助
·assist (sb) with/in (doing) sth帮助(某人)(做)某事
assist sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之回复求助信) In response to your last letter,I make sure that I will assist you 　　　　 your oral English.
He will assist you 　　 　　 (complete) the task.
(读后续写之动作描写) Hearing his loud cries for help,a passer-by came
　　　　 his assistance right away.
(应用文写作之感谢信) 　　　　　　　　 　　 (没有你的帮助),I couldn’t have made such great progress.
with/in
to complete
to
Without your assistance
In view of her young age,her parents often come to her assistance.They often assist their daughter to download videos to learn how to dance.With the assistance of her parents,she has soon become an excellent dancer.
考虑到她年纪小,她的父母经常来帮助她。他们经常帮助女儿下载视频学习跳舞。在父母的帮助下,她很快成为一名优秀的舞者。
语
境
串
词
7.shelter n.居所,住处;庇护 vt.保护,掩蔽 vi.躲避
[教材原句] We should find permanent shelter that offers long-term protection from radiation.
我们应该找到提供长期辐射防护的固定庇护所。
例 (读后续写之场景描写) Caught in a sudden downpour,he tried to seek shelter in an old cottage by the roadside.
遭遇突如其来的倾盆大雨,他试图在路边的一座旧村舍里避雨。
例 The thick forest shelters the small animals from the scorching sun.
茂密的森林保护小动物们免受烈日的炙烤。
seek/find shelter 寻求庇护;避难
shelter...from...保护……不受……
归纳拓展
·shelter oneself 为自己辩解
shelter...from...保护……不受……
·seek/find shelter 寻求庇护;避难
temporary shelter 临时避难所/收容中心
an animal shelter 动物收容处
under the shelter of...在……的庇护下
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Children should 　　　　　　 (shelter) from excessive screen time to protect their eyesight.
He 　　　　　　　　　　 (为自己辩解) behind the excuse that he was too busy to attend the meeting.
(在自然保护区的庇护下),
many endangered plants can reproduce and thrive.
be sheltered
sheltered himself
Under the shelter of the nature reserve
重点句式
倍数表达法
▲
[教材原句]Radiation levels on the surface of Mars are two and a half times higher than those on the International Space Station.
火星表面的辐射水平是国际空间站的辐射水平的2.5倍。
例 My room is twice as big as yours.
我的房间是你的房间的两倍大。
例 This building is four times taller than that one.
这座建筑物是那座的四倍高。
归纳拓展
四种常见表示“倍数”的句型:
·A+谓语+倍数+as+adj./adv.的原级+as+B
·A+谓语+倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than+B
·A+谓语+倍数+the+名词(size/length/width/height/depth...)+of+B
·A+谓语+倍数+what从句
表示“两倍”时,用twice或double;三倍或三倍以上则用“基数词+times”来表达。句式中表示倍数也可用分数或百分数。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 一句多译
正在建的新体育馆是操场的三倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　 　　　 the playground.(as)
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　 　　　　 the playground.(size)
three times as big as
three times the size of
长难句分析
[教材原句] As we learn more about the universe,we may one day answer the question whether there is life on other planets.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。 为As引导的时间状语从句,意为“随着”,强调主从句的动作同时进行; 为whether引导的同位语从句,对前面的名词“question”进行解释说明。
自主翻译:随着我们对宇宙的了解日益加深,有一天我们可以回答其他行星上有无生命这个问题。
[语境运用] 情境写作
(应用文写作之保护环境)随着我们对气候变化的影响进行更多的研究,我们希望能弄清楚人类活动是否能够有效帮助恢复生态平衡这个问题。
As we study more about the impact of climate change,we hope to make sense of the question whether human activities can effectively help restore the ecological balance.
写作微专题2
Creating a story about aliens
文本解读
1.文体类型:科幻小说,属于记叙文范畴。
2.要点内容:本单元写作旨在写一个关于外星人的故事。本文要求学生根据所给漫画展开想象,设计故事的背景、人物和情节,最后撰写一个关于外星人的故事。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.首段常用句式。
I was doing my homework when I caught sight of a shining UFO flying in the sky.
At the sight of the UFO flying in the sky,I was so shocked that I couldn’t believe my eyes and just stood there,staring at it in disbelief.
Last weekend,I had an extraordinary experience that I will never forget.
Out of the UFO came a strange creature with a big head and big eyes.
2.中段常用句式。
One alien made some gestures to attempt to communicate with me,so I cautiously responded with kindness.
No sooner had he seen me than he walked towards me.
He made gestures and invited me to travel to and visit his planet.
With excitement,I got on the UFO and it took me to the dark space.
Looking around,I find myself surrounded by numerous beautiful stars.
3.尾段常用句式。
What an amazing trip to ...
What an unforgettable experience!
I will never forget this experience because it was so wonderful!
佳作建构
假设你是李华,请根据下面的提示,通过合理的想象,用英语写一篇科幻故事,叙述你遇到外星人的一次经历。内容如下:
1.周四晚上遇到一个外星人(个子矮、头和眼睛很大、棕色皮肤);
2.乘坐飞碟,遨游太空,欣赏夜景;
3.你的感受。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　 vt.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;使忙于
2.　　　　 n.动物,生物;人
3.　　 　　 adv.此外,再者
4.　　　 　 adv.极其,极端地;令人难以置信
occupy
creature
furthermore
incredibly
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.周四晚上我忙于做作业的时候,突然看到天空中有一个发光的不明飞行物越来越近,最终降落到地面。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 on Thursday evening,
suddenly,I caught sight of a shining UFO in the sky getting closer and closer and eventually landed on the ground.
2.然后一个长着大脑袋和大眼睛,棕色皮肤且很矮的生物从里面出来了。
Then a very short brown creature 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　came out of it.
While I was occupied with my homework
with a big head and big eyes
3.他一看见我,就向我招手,邀请我乘坐飞碟去旅行。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he waved to me and invited me to go travelling in the UFO.
4.尽管我很惊讶,令人难以置信的是,我同意了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,incredibly,I agreed.
5.我们匆忙进入了飞碟,然后它从地面起飞了。
We hurried into the UFO and then it 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
As soon as he saw me
Though/Although I was shocked　
took off from the ground
6.它飞得如此之快,以至于我们只不过很短的时间内就进入了太空。
It flew so fast that we 　　　　　　　　　　 in a short time.
7.从飞碟向外看,我看到了美丽的蓝色地球——我们生活在这个蓝色星球上。其他闪烁的星星正在黑暗的太空里盘旋。这是多么美妙的场景啊!
I 　　　　　　　　　　 the UFO and saw the beautiful blue Earth.We live on the blue Earth.Other shining stars are circling in dark space.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　!
entered space
looked out of
It was a wonderful scene
8.大概过了一个小时,我请求外星人把我送回到地球上。
　　　　　　　　　　,I asked the alien to send me back to Earth.
9.这是一次独一无二且难忘的经历。
It was 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 experience.
After about an hour
a unique and unforgettable
亮点提升
1.将第2句用完全倒装句进行改写升级。
Then out of it came a very short brown creature with a big head and big eyes.
2.将第4句用as引导的让步状语从句进行改写升级。
Shocked as I was,incredibly,I agreed.
3.将第7句用非谓语动词和定语从句进行改写升级。
Looking out of the UFO,I saw the beautiful blue Earth where we live and other shining stars circling in dark space,which was a wonderful scene.
4.将第9句用感叹句进行改写升级。
What a unique and unforgettable experience it was!
范文展示
While I was occupied with my homework on Thursday evening,
suddenly,I caught sight of a shining UFO in the sky getting closer and closer and eventually landed on the ground.Then out of it came a very short brown creature with a big head and big eyes.
Furthermore,as soon as he saw me,he waved to me and invited me to go travelling in the UFO.Shocked as I was,incredibly,I agreed.We hurried into the UFO and then it took off from the ground.It flew so fast that we entered space in a short time.Looking out of the UFO,I saw the beautiful blue Earth where we live and other shining stars circling in dark space,
which was a wonderful scene.After about an hour,I asked the alien to send me back to Earth.
What a unique and unforgettable experience it was!
写作练习
根据以下内容,通过合理的想象,以“Meeting an alien”为题写一篇科幻故事,叙述一下外星人带你参观外星球的智能化房子的经历。写作要点如下:
1.遇见外星人并被带到外星球;
2.参观了外星人的智能化房子;
3.你的感受。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Meeting an alien
写作指导
One possible version:
Meeting an alien
One day,on my way home,something amazing happened.I met an alien and he invited me to visit his planet.With excitement in my heart,I got on the UFO and it took me to the dark space.
After landing,I was taken to a house.Controlled by computers,the house will learn about the master’s likes and dislikes and communicate with him.
For example,it will send messages to inform its master there is a lack of daily goods.Besides,the instant it senses its master is exhausted,the house can adjust itself to make the surroundings comfortable.In addition,a solar-powered system will recycle water and turn waste into fuel,which is of great benefit to the environment.In the end,I returned to Earth.
What an unforgettable experience!
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之 “点” 情感 描写 mission n.任务;使命,天职;军事行动;太空飞行任务　vital adj.必不可少的,对……极重要的;维持生命所必需的　luxury n.不常有的乐趣(或享受);奢侈品　leisure n.闲暇,空闲　crucial adj.至关重要的,关键性的　merely adv.仅仅,只不过　plain to see 显而易见的　incredibly adv.极其,极端地;令人难以置信
动作 描写 bother vt.使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力(做某事);打扰　occupy vt.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;使忙于
环境 描写 gravity n.重力;严重性;严肃　absence n.缺乏,不存在;缺席　exposure n.面临,遭受;揭露;报道　radiation n.辐射,放射线　permanent adj.永久的,永恒的　dust n.沙土,尘土;灰尘,尘埃
读后续写 微技能之 “线” It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back,but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.(场景描写)
First,we put on our spacesuits,which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.Then we head out,and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time,with the beautiful Earth visible below.(动作描写)
During our leisure time,there’s nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by,taking pictures for our family and friends back home.(动作+场景描写)
In these precious moments,all the challenges of life in space seem worth it.
(情感描写)
It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge alive and ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to be made.(主旨升华句)
读后续写 微技能之 “面” 读后续写——太空漫游
年轻的宇航员Alex即将踏上前往火星的征程。他深知每个细节都至关重要。缺乏重力将会是一个巨大的挑战。在漫长的旅途中,他几乎没什么闲暇时间,因为各项任务会让他一直忙个不停。遭受辐射是一直让人担忧的问题,显而易见,任何疏漏都可能导致永久性的严重后果。飞船上的仪器必须仔细监控,以免受到哪怕最微小故障的困扰。然而,Alex也知道,能参与这次任务是极少数人才能享有的殊荣。这对人类来说是极其重要的一步,而他在这场迈向宇宙的伟大冒险中扮演着至关重要的角色。
The young astronaut,Alex,was about to start a mission to Mars.He knew that every detail was crucial.1.　　　　　　　　　　 would be a major challenge.
During the long journey,he would 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　as the tasks would 3.　　　　　　 　　　　　　.The radiation exposure was a constant worry;4.　　　　　　　　　　　　 any slip could have permanent and severe consequences.The ship’s instruments had to be carefully monitored to avoid 5.　　　　　　　　　 　the slightest failure.However,Alex also knew that being part of this mission was a luxury few could experience.It was
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for humanity,and his role was vital in this great adventure into the universe.
The absence of gravity　
have little leisure time　
constantly occupy him　
it was plain to see that　
being bothered by　
an incredibly important step
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1.absence n.缺乏,不存在;缺席→ adj.不在场的;缺席的
2.occupy vt.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;使忙于→ adj.被占领的;有人使用(或居住);忙于……的→ n.占有;居住;[物]占有率→
n.职业;业余活动;占用;占领
3.evaluate vt.评估,估计,评价→ n.评价;定值;估计
absent
occupied
occupancy
occupation
evaluation
4.exposure n.面临,遭受;揭露;报道→ vt.暴露;揭露;使面临,使遭受(危险或不快)→ adj.无遮蔽的;易受攻击(或批评)的;无保护的
5.visible adj.看得见的;明显的→ n.视力;视野→ adv.显然地→ n.可见度→[反义词] adj.看不见的;无形的
6.foundation n.基础,根据;地基;创办;基金会→ vt.建立;创建;把……基于→ n.创始人;建立者→ adj.基本的;基础的
expose
exposed
vision
visibly
visibility
invisible
found
founder
foundational
7.origin n.起源,起因;出身→ v.起源;创立→ adj.起初的;原来的;首创的→ adv.原来;起初
8.frequency n.发生率,出现率;频繁;频率→ adj.频繁的;经常发生的→ adv.频繁地
9.motive n.原因,动机,目的→ n.动力,诱因;积极性;干劲→
n.激励因素
10.investment n.投资;投入→ v.投资;投入(时间、精力等)→
n.投资者,投资机构
originate
original
originally
frequent
frequently
motivation
motivator
invest
investor
11.calculate vt.计算,核算;预测→ n.计算;估计;预测→
n.计算器
12.coverage n.新闻报道;覆盖范围;信息范围→ n.覆盖物;盖子;
(书刊的)封面,封皮 v.遮盖;覆盖;包含;足以支付;行走(一段路程);报道
13.assistant n.助理;售货员;助教 adj.助理的,副的→ v.帮助;协助;援助→ n.帮助;援助;支持
14.dust n.沙土,尘土;灰尘,尘埃→ adj.尘土飞扬;布满灰尘的
calculation
calculator
cover
assist
assistance
dusty
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　 使进一步了解……
2. 在这种情况下,既然如此
3. 鉴于,考虑到
4. 显而易见的
5. 为……打下基础
6. 理解,弄懂
7. 对……着迷
cast new light on
in the circumstances
in view of
plain to see
lay the foundation for
make sense of
be fascinated by...
8. 捐赠;对……做出贡献;
对……有促成作用
9. 远超出
10. 利用……
make contributions to...
go far beyond
take advantage of...
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.It+be+形容词+that...
(是奇怪的)we try to sleep with no pressure against our back,but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.
句式仿写
(是有必要的) we should clean the room every day.
It’s strange that
It is necessary that
2.as well as doing
(除了做)these biological experiments,we carry out experiments in other research fields.
句式仿写
(除了学习英语语法),students should focus on improving their oral communication skills.
As well as doing
As well as learning English grammar
3.as引导让步状语从句
(尽管地球的景色十分壮观),
spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.
句式仿写
(虽然在太空的工作很危险),it’s extremely rewarding.
Splendid as the view of the Earth is
Dangerous as the work in space is
4.强调句型
(正是通过我们对太空的研究) we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun.
句式仿写
(正是因为他们出色的团队合作) the school team won the game.
It is through our research into space that
It was because of their excellent teamwork that
5.现在分词短语作结果状语
With each space mission comes greater insight,
(从而激励我们沿着同一条冒险之路继续前进).
句式仿写
She practised the piano every day for years, (成了一位出色的钢琴家).
thus motivating us to
continue along the same path of adventure
becoming an excellent pianist

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