资源简介

(共112张PPT)
Unit 3　
Back to the past
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　The captain of the fleet prepared for a voyage.He checked the compass,planned the route,and loaded necessary supplies.The crew kept a log every day.During the voyage,a storm hit the fleet.Panic arose,but the captain insisted on proceeding,dismissing retreat.The fleet survived.After reaching a kingdom’s shore,they met the ministers.Local architecture with special format was very exceptional,which astonished them.Despite hardships,the voyage formed new bonds and was influential in cultural exchanges.
舰队的船长为一次航行做准备。他检查了罗盘,规划好航线,并装上了必要的物资。船员们每天都记录航海日志。航行途中,一场暴风雨袭击了舰队。恐慌随之而来,但船长坚持继续前行,摒弃了后退的想法。舰队幸免于难。在到达一个王国的海岸后,他们见到了该国的大臣们。有着独特设计风格的当地建筑很罕见,这使他们十分惊讶。尽管历经艰难,这次航行却缔结了新的联系,并且在文化交流方面有很大的影响力。
Part 1
Welcome to the unit,Reading,
Grammar and usage
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　 n.航海,航行,航天
vi.航行,远行
2. vt.& vi.装上,装入
n.负载;承载量;大量
3. n.航海日志,正式记录;原木
vi.& vt.伐木
4. vi.& vt.坚决要求,坚持;坚持说
写作词汇
voyage
load
log
insist
5. n.惊恐,恐慌
vi.& vt.(panicked,panicked)
(使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措
6. adv.不顾,不加理会
7. n.岸,滨
8. n.监狱
9. n.成语,习语;短语,词组
panic
regardless
shore
prison
phrase
1.fleet n.
2.compass n.
3.route n.
4.captain n.
5.kingdom n.
6.royal adj.
阅读词汇
舰队;捕鱼船队;车队
罗盘,指南针;圆规
路线,路途;途径,渠道
船长,机长;上校;队长
王国;管辖范围
盛大的,庄严的;皇家的,王室的
7.tomb n.
8.minister n.
9.format n.
坟墓
大臣,部长
总体安排,设计;版式
拓展词汇
1. n.宽度;广泛→broad adj.宽的,辽阔的;显著的→broaden v.变宽;(使)扩大影响;增长(经验、知识等)→broadly adv.大体上;基本上
2. vt.使确信,使相信;说服,劝说→convinced adj.确信的→
convincing adj.令人信服的
3. vt.航行;导航 vi.导航→navigation n.导航;航行;航海→navigable adj.可航行的;可通航的→navigator n.航海家;领航员
breadth
convince
navigate
4. vt.& vi.加强,增强→strength n.力量;力气→strong adj.坚强的;强壮的;猛烈的→strongly adv.强烈地;坚决地
5. adj.友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的→harmony n.协调;和睦→
harmonise v.使和谐;使一致→harmoniously adv.和谐地;调和地
6. vt.不予考虑,对……不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散→dismissal n.解雇,开除,撤职;不予考虑
strengthen
harmonious
dismiss
7. n.证据,证明→prove v.证明;检验;证明是
8. vt.承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢→
acknowledgement n.承认;确认;感谢→acknowledged adj.公认的;被普遍认可的
9. adj.有很大影响力的,有支配力的→influence n.影响;有影响的人或事 vt.影响;改变→influentially adv.有影响地;有力地
10. adj.财政的,金融的,财务的→finance n.财政,财政学;金融v.负担经费,筹措资金→financially adv.财政上;金融上
proof
acknowledge
influential
financial
11. vi.& vt.离开,起程→departure n.离开;出发;违背
12. n.不足,短缺→short adj.短的;不足的;矮的→shortly adv.立刻;简单地→shorten v.缩短;变短
13. vi.漏,渗漏;渗入 vt.漏,渗漏;泄露 n.漏洞→leaky adj.渗漏的;有漏洞的→leakage n.泄漏;渗漏
14. adj.随后的,后来的→subsequently adv.随后,之后;后来
depart
shortage
leak
subsequent
15. vt.使十分惊讶,使吃惊→astonished adj.感到十分惊讶的;吃惊的→astonishing adj.惊人的;令人惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶
16. adj.文学的,文学上的;爱好文学的→literature n.文学;文献;著作→literacy n.读写能力;精通文学→literate adj.受过教育的;精通文学的
17. adv.广阔地;广泛地→extensive adj.广泛的;大量的;广阔的→
extend v.延伸;扩大;伸展→extension n.延长;延期;扩大;伸展→extended adj.延伸的;扩大的;长期的
astonish
literary
extensively
18. vt.使便利,促进→facility n.[pl.]设施;设备;才能,天赋;方便→
facilitator n.服务商;促进者→facilitation n.简易化
19. adj.可获得的,可找到的;有空的→availability n.可用性;有效性;可得到的东西(或人)
20. adj.杰出的,优秀的;异常的,罕见的→except prep.除……之外→exception n.例外;异议→exceptionally adv.异常地;特殊地;例外地
facilitate
available
exceptional
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.set sail from　　　　
2.on board
3.on behalf of
4.be loaded with...
5.have a far-reaching impact on...
6.overcome challenges
从……起航
在船(火车、飞机等)上
代表(或代替);为帮助;为了
装满……;充满……
对……有深远影响
克服挑战
7.insist on doing sth
8.depart from
9.in panic
10.regardless of
11.allow for
12.sort out
坚持做某事
离开……,从……起程
惊慌地,慌乱中
不管,不顾
使成为可能;考虑到,把……计算在内
理顺,整理;把……安排好
重点句型
1.We move in Time .
(the way+定语从句)
我们在时空中移动的方式与我们在其他三维空间中移动的方式相同。
2.He even sailed the east coast of Africa.(as +adj./adv.+as)
他甚至远航到非洲东海岸。
the same way that we move in the other three dimensions
as far as
3.Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions,
.(并列的现在分词短语作结果状语)
郑和的努力帮助发展和巩固了(中国)与这些国家和地区的和睦关系,促进中国文化的对外传播,也增进中国对海外诸邦的进一步了解。
exposing foreign people to Chinese culture,
and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands
4. must often overcome many challenges along the way— .
(who引导定语从句;as引导非限制性定语从句)
那些做出重大发现的人必须经常沿路克服许多挑战——就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布一样。
Those who make great discoveries
as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus
5.Columbus called the natives Indians
.(现在分词短语作定语;because引导原因状语从句;that引导宾语从句)
哥伦布深信来到了东印度群岛,便将生活在岛上的土著人称为印第安人。
living on the islands
because he
was convinced that he was in the East Indies
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——历史事件和历史人物。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文围绕“海上航行”展开,分别介绍了明朝航海家郑和七下西洋的故事以及意大利航海家哥伦布发现新大陆的相关情况。本文通过对两位航海家的相关介绍,引导学生关注历史人物,分析历史事件;同时,了解中国对外的积极影响,感悟中华文明在世界历史中的重要地位,增强民族自豪感。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
Zheng He’s exploration Christopher Columbus’s exploration
The first voyage Departure time In the summer of 1.　　　 On 3 August 2.　　　
Departure point Taicang Spain
Fleet size Over 200 ships Three ships
Number of crew members Almost 3.　　　　 people About 4.　 crewmen
1405
1492
28,000
90
Places of arrival　 As far as the east coast of Africa The shores of the Caribbean
Total number of voyages Seven Four
Significance Zheng He’s voyages helped develop and strengthen 5.　　 　　 relations with the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture,and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands. Columbus’s discovery inspired explorers to explore and discover more vast areas of the world.His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration,a period which witnessed many important geographical findings and
6.　　　　　　 an international exchange of ideas and cultures.
harmonious
allowed for
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What can we learn about Zheng He’s voyages from the first two paragraphs
[A] All the ships were over 140 metres in length.
[B] Zheng He made seven voyages in the name of the Qing Dynasty.
[C] Some details of the voyages were recorded.
[D] It took 500 years for the fleet to sail the seas.
C
(　　)2.What helped to prove that Zheng He’s voyages were not legends
[A] The harmonious relations with other countries and regions.
[B] The detailed maps of the voyages—Zheng He’s Navigation Map.
[C] Chinese people’s better understanding of overseas lands.
[D] An enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing.
D
(　　)3.Which of the following helped Christopher Columbus get out of danger
[A] Being kind and determined.
[B] Being knowledgeable and courageous.
[C] Being humorous and clever.
[D] Being brave and modest.
B
(　　)4.What did the voyages of Zheng He and Columbus have in common
[A] They were both challenging.
[B] Their fleets were equally advanced.
[C] The new world and new lines were found.
[D] They promoted an international exchange of ideas and cultures.
D
二次开发·深研课文
▲
　　In the summer of 1405,Zheng He set sail from Taicang on his first voyage.His ships 1.　　 　 　 (load) with china,silk,tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers.Zheng He’s seven voyages had a
far-reaching impact on China and its neighbours.Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen 2.　　　 　(harmony) relations with the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot.Zheng He’s accomplishments are now 3.　　　　 (wide) acknowledged,and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
were loaded
harmonious
widely
Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451.As a teenager,he loved sailing,
and he showed great interest in geography,4.　　　　 inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.Columbus insisted on 5.　　　 　 (search) for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.On 3 August 1492,he 6.　　　 　 (depart) from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen.Regardless 7.　　　 　 all the challenges,Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and
8.　　　 　 (brave) across the ocean.Finally,on 12 October,the crew spotted land in
9.　　　　 distance.His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration,a period which 10.　　　 　 (witness) many important geographical findings.
which
searching
departed
of
bravery
the
witnessed
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.convince vt.使确信,使相信;说服,劝说
·convinced adj.确信的;坚信不疑的
·convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
[教材原句] “It is clear,” he said,“ that there is only one way to convince you.We must conduct an experiment.”
他说:“显然,只有一种方法可以令你们信服。我们必须做个实验。”
例 If we want to protect the environment,we must clarify the problems and convince people to take action.
如果我们想保护环境,我们必须将问题说清楚并说服人们采取行动。
convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事
例 (应用文写作之建议信) You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
你要使他们相信你殷切地希望得到这份工作。
convince sb of sth使某人相信某事
归纳拓展
·convince sb of sth使某人相信某事
convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事
convince sb that...说服某人……
·be convinced that...相信……,确信……
be/become convinced of...坚信……,确信……
表示“说服或劝说某人做某事”的表达还有:persuade sb to do sth、persuade sb into doing sth、talk sb into doing sth。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　　 　 (convince) of the truth,he felt more than delighted.
I have convinced David 　　　　 (take) up the challenge and decide to participate in the cross-country race.
(应用文写作之申请信) I am greatly convinced 　　　　 I am qualified for this job and I will try my best to perform my duties if I am lucky enough to get the position.
Convinced
to take
that
The teacher tried to convince the student to participate in the math competition.The student,who was initially hesitant,gradually became convinced of the benefits.He was convinced that it could enhance his skills and expand his horizons.After listening to the teacher’s convincing arguments,he finally agreed.
老师试图说服这名学生参加数学竞赛。这名学生起初还犹豫不决,但逐渐地开始相信参加竞赛是有好处的。他确信这能够提升自己的技能,拓宽自己的视野。在听了老师那些令人信服的论据之后,他最终同意了。
语
境
串
词
2.load vt.& vi.装上,装入 n.负载;承载量;大量
·loaded adj.装载的;充满……的
[教材原句] His ships were loaded with china,silk,tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers,and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions.
他的船满载瓷器、 丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品。船队先后对 30多个国家和地区进行友好访问。
例 (应用文写作之日记) Seeing our fruits of labour were packed and loaded onto the truck,we all felt very proud.
看到我们的劳动果实被包装好装上卡车,我们都很自豪。
例 (读后续写之场景描写) Standing on the bank,the children watched the ship loaded with all kinds of goods.
孩子们站在岸上,看着船上载满了各种各样的货物。
load...onto/into...把……装到……上/里去
load...with...用……装……
归纳拓展
·load...onto/into...把……装到……上/里去
load...with...用……装……
be loaded with...装满……;充满……
·a load of/loads of许多的,大量的
·take a load off one’s mind使某人如释重负,打消某人的顾虑
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
It will take more than two hours to load all the goods 　　　　 the truck.
The volunteers loaded the truck 　　　　 daily necessities donated by the local people.
Buying 　　　　(load) of new clothing or throwing out old clothing is not healthy for the environment.
Hearing the news that they had arrived safely in such foggy weather,I
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(如释重负).
onto/into
with
loads
took a load off my mind
3.strengthen vt.& vi.加强,增强
·strong adj.坚强的;强壮的;猛烈的
·strongly adv.强烈地;坚决地
·strength n.力量;力气
[教材原句] Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions,exposing foreign people to Chinese culture,and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.
郑和的努力帮助发展和巩固了(中国)与这些国家和地区的和睦关系,促进中国文化的对外传播,也增进中国对海外诸邦的进一步了解。
例 (应用文写作之申请信) My regular participation in club activities has strengthened my leadership and teamwork skills,which is beneficial to the volunteer work.
我经常参与社团活动强化了我的领导能力和团队合作技能,这对志愿者工作来说是有好处的。
例 (读后续写之动作描写) He pushed against the rock with all his strength.
他用全力推那块石头。
归纳拓展
·strengthen one’s resolve/belief 增强某人的决心/信念
·strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势,优点和缺点
其他“n./adj.+-en”形式的表示“使……”的动词有:lengthen v.(使)加长;
shorten v.(使)变短;widen v.(使)加宽;deepen v.(使)加深;sharpen v.(使)变锋利;weaken v.(使)变弱;loosen v.(使)变松;松开等。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Regular exercise can 　　 　　 (strength) your muscles and improve your health.
It is 　　　 　 (strong) recommended that the machines should be checked every year.
Write a poem about how courage,determination,and 　　　　 (strong) have helped you face challenges in your life.
strengthen
strongly
strength
It’s important to know 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(你自己的优点和缺点).
The setbacks they encountered along the way only
　　　　　　 (增强了他们的决心) to complete the challenging project.
your own strengths and weaknesses
strengthened their
resolve
4.dismiss vt.不予考虑,对……不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散
·dismissal n.解雇,开除,撤职;不予考虑
[教材原句] For many years,some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends.
多年来,一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会。
例 Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind — they’re crazy and not worth thinking about.
从你的脑海中摒弃那些想法——那些想法太离谱,不值得考虑。
dismiss sth from one’s mind摒除……(思想、感情等)
归纳拓展
dismiss sth from one’s mind摒除……(思想、感情等)
dismiss sb from...把某人从……(职位)解雇/免职
dismiss sb for sth 因某事解雇某人
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
She was dismissed 　　　　 her job for disobeying the company’s safety regulations.
The boss had to dismiss him from the post 　　　　 his violating the company’s rules.
His 　　 　　(dismiss) has no connection with the quality of his work.
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (摒除了所有的疑虑) and made a firm decision to pursue his dream.
from
for
dismissal
dismissed all doubts from his mind
5.acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢
·acknowledgement n.承认;确认;感谢
[教材原句] Zheng He’s accomplishments are now widely acknowledged,
and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可,他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。
例 (话题写作之人物介绍)He is widely acknowledged as one of the best players in the world.
大家普遍认为他是世界最佳运动员之一。
例 It’s universally acknowledged that the olive branch stands for peace.
众所周知,橄榄枝代表和平。
It is universally acknowledged that...……是大家所公认的。
归纳拓展
·acknowledge doing sth/having done sth承认做了某事
acknowledge sb as/to be...承认某人是……(常用于被动语态)
It is universally acknowledged that...……是大家所公认的。
·in acknowledgement of对……表示感谢
①acknowledge表示承认做了某事,其后可接动名词,也可接that从句,但通常不接不定式。
②acknowledge后虽不能接不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾补。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
They acknowledged 　　　 　(defeat) at last.
I was sent a free copy　　　　 acknowledgement of my contribution.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(人们普遍认为) students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.(it作形式主语)
(话题写作之人物介绍) He　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (被公认为) one of the best teachers of this school.
having been defeated
in
It is widely acknowledged that
is acknowledged as/to be
6.insist vi.& vt.坚决要求,坚持;坚持说
[教材原句] Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.
哥伦布决心横渡大西洋,开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。
例 They simply insist on mutual recognition and regard.
他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。
例 She insisted that her plan was practical for us.
她坚持说她的计划对于我们是可行的。
insist on/upon (doing) sth坚决要求做某事
sb insist(s) that...某人坚决要求……;某人坚持认为……
归纳拓展
insist on/upon (doing) sth坚决要求做某事
sb insist(s) that...某人坚决要求……;某人坚持认为……
insist后接宾语从句表示“坚决要求,坚持要,坚持认为”时,其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语用“(should+)动词原形”;表示“坚持说”一个客观事实时,其后的宾语从句要用陈述语气。
The teacher insisted that all the students (should) hand in their homework on time.
老师坚决要求所有学生按时交作业。
He insisted that he had seen the UFO with his own eyes.
他坚持说他亲眼看到了不明飞行物。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The lady insisted that she 　　　　　　　　(do) nothing wrong and that she 　　　　　　 　　(treat) properly.
I must insist on your　　 　　(give) me a straightforward answer.
(应用文写作之建议信)We can build up our strength when we
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (坚持有规律地锻炼).
had done
(should) be treated
giving
insist on/upon working out regularly
7.allow for 使成为可能;考虑到,把……计算在内
[教材原句] This period also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures.
这一时期也实现了思想和文化的国际交流。
例 When arranging our work,we should allow for unforeseen circumstances.
在安排工作时,我们应该考虑到不可预见的情况。
归纳拓展
·make allowance(s) for考虑到;顾及;体谅
·allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事
allow sb sth给予某人某物
allow of 容许
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Exploration allows minerals and other potential resources
(find).
When planning the trip,we should allow 　　　　 some extra time in case of traffic jams.
The host 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (考虑到了) the guests’ special diet requirements at yesterday’s party.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(考虑到天气不好),we should set off right now.
to be found
for
made allowance(s) for
Allowing for the bad weather
8.astonish vt.使十分惊讶,使吃惊
·astonished adj.感到十分惊讶的;吃惊的
·astonishing adj.令人惊讶的
·astonishingly adv.令人震惊地
·astonishment n.惊讶
[教材原句] The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was.
记录表明,来访者对明朝如此富有和技术上如此先进感到很震惊。
例 (读后续写之情感描写)When he heard the news that he had won first prize in the competition,he was so astonished that he couldn’t utter a single word for a long time.
当他听到自己在比赛中获得一等奖的消息时,他惊讶得许久都说不出话来。
例 It was astonishing that she should accept such a challenging job.
她竟然接受这样一份具有挑战性的工作,真令人吃惊。
例 (读后续写之情感描写)He stared at the twins in astonishment when seeing the breakfast.
当看到早餐时,他惊讶地盯着那对双胞胎。
in/with astonishment惊奇地;惊愕地;惊讶地
归纳拓展
·It astonishes sb that...令某人感到吃惊的是……
What astonishes sb is...使某人吃惊的是……
·to one’s astonishment 使某人惊讶的是
in/with astonishment惊奇地;惊愕地;惊讶地
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
He has made an 　　 　　 (astonish) achievement in the last semester.
When he looks at the menu,an 　　　 　 (astonish) look quickly appears on his face.
　　 　　 astonishes me is the remarkable progress she has made in such a short period of time.
astonishing
astonished
What
(读后续写之情感描写)令我们惊讶的是,这个害羞的男孩自信地发表了一场鼓舞人心的演讲。
→ 　　　　　　　　　　　　,the shy boy delivered an inspiring speech confidently.(n.astonishment )
→We 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the shy boy delivered an inspiring speech confidently.(adj.astonished )
→ 　　　　　　　　　　　　 was that the shy boy delivered an inspiring speech confidently.(主语从句,vt.astonish )
To our astonishment
were astonished that
What astonished us
重点句式
“as+adj./adv.+as”结构
▲
[教材原句] He even sailed as far as the east coast of Africa.
他甚至远航到非洲东海岸。
例 The work is as difficult as you think.
这项工作和你想的一样难。
例 My little brother runs not as quickly as his lovely dog.
我弟弟跑得不如他那只可爱的狗快。
归纳拓展
·在“as+adj./adv.+as”结构中,第一个as是副词,第二个as是介词。该结构常用的表达有as far as “远达……;达到……的程度”;as long as “长达……”;as good/well as “和……一样好” ;as many as “多达”等。
·“as+adj./adv.+as”结构还可以引导比较状语从句,其中第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词,其否定形式为“not so/as+
adj./adv.+as...”,译为“不如……”。
[语境运用] 完成句子
The authorities acknowledged that　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (多达五万人) were killed in the earthquake.
The weather today 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(不如昨天暖和).
My father always reminds me that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (没有经常去看望他).
as many as fifty thousand people
is not as warm as it was yesterday
I don’t visit him as often as I should
as引导定语从句
▲
[教材原句] Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.
那些做出重大发现的人必须经常沿路克服许多挑战——就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布一样。
例 As may be judged from his expression,he was not satisfied with the result.
从他的表情可以判断,他对这个结果不满意。
例 As is known to all,the Earth travels around the Sun.
众所周知,地球绕着太阳转。
归纳拓展
·as作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前、之中、之后;which也可引导非限制性定语从句,但只能放在主句之后。
·as通常与be known/said/reported/expected/announced等搭配。
·在限制性定语从句中,先行词被 the same或so、such修饰时,关系代词通常用as。
·在引导非限制性定语从句时,which和as均可起一种评注的作用,表示说话人对话语的看法或态度。此时,它们的先行词并不是具体的某个词,而是整个句子或短语。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　　　 is known to all,China has a long history and rich culture.
This book is written in such easy English 　　　　 beginners can understand.
　　　　 is reported,a new scientific discovery has been made in the field of artificial intelligence.
The result of the experiment was very good,　　　　 we hadn’t expected.
He has a great sense of humour,　　　　 makes him popular among his friends.
As
as
As
which
as/which
长难句分析
[教材原句] Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he was convinced that he was in the East Indies.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句, 为现在分词短语作定语,修饰名词“natives”;
为because引导的原因状语从句,其中 为that引导的宾语从句。
自主翻译:哥伦布深信来到了东印度群岛,便将生活在岛上的土著人称为印第安人。
[语境运用] 情景写作
(读后续写之情感描写)小女孩称这条小狗是她的忠实伙伴,因为她坚信在孤独和恐惧的时刻,小狗会让她感受到温暖的安全感。
The little girl called the puppy her Faithful Companion because she was convinced that it would make her feel a warm sense of security in times of loneliness and fear.
语法微专题3
表语从句
语法原句再现
Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.
His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.
His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.
I got six books from the library.The question is which one I should read first!
Besides having the history classes at school,we also visit historic destinations.That is why we learn about important events in history.
仔细阅读上述句子,理解其意思并注意句中系动词之后加粗部分的“引导词+句子”结构,这种结构被称作表语从句。
语法知识点拨
一、表语从句的含义
表语从句是指在系动词后作表语的句子。表语从句紧跟在系动词之后,对主语进行解释和说明,使主语的内容具体化,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。可连接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem,sound,appear等。
Her only hope was that her son could make some achievements in this high-tech area.(that引导的表语从句)
她唯一的希望是儿子能够在这个高科技领域里有所成就。
The problem is whether Professor Smith could overcome the technology challenge he is facing.(whether引导的表语从句)
问题是史密斯教授是否能克服眼前的技术难关。
Our attitude towards science and technology is what promotes the development of economy.(what 引导的表语从句)
我们对待科学技术的态度是促进经济发展的动力。
二、表语从句的连接词
引导词 用法
从属 连词 that; whether 在从句中不作成分,that没有实际意义,但也不可省略;whether意为“是否”
because 说明主语所表示的事件发生的原因,意为“因为”
as if/ though 从句表示的情况发生的可能性较小时常用虚拟语气
连接 代词 who(ever); whom;whose; what(ever); which(ever)等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等
连接 副词 when;where; why;how等 在从句中作状语,表示时间、地点、原因、方式等
The issue is whether the school sports meeting will be postponed due to the bad weather.
问题是学校运动会是否会由于天气不佳而推迟。
The library is where he gets his inspiration for various new inventions.
图书馆是他得到各种新发明的灵感的地方。
What we should remember is whoever breaks the rules will be punished by law.
我们应该记住的是任何违反该规定的人都要受到法律的惩罚。
①that与what引导的表语从句。
连接词that引导表语从句,不充当成分,无意义,但是不能省略;what是连接代词,引导表语从句时,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
The trouble is that I have lost my money.
麻烦的是我把钱丢了。
That was what she did this morning on her way to school.
那就是她今天早晨在去学校的路上做过的事。
温馨提示
②whether引导的表语从句。
whether引导表语从句,不充当成分,意为“是否”。此时不能与if互换。
The question is whether you can do the work well.
问题是你能否做好这项工作。
温馨提示
③三个易混的表语从句。
·“This/That/It is why+表语从句(表结果)”意为“这/那就是……的原因。” why引导表语从句时,表示“……的原因”,相当于the reason why,强调结果。
That’s why we didn’t attend that meeting.
那就是我们为什么没有参加那场会议的原因。
温馨提示
·“This/That/It is because+表语从句(表原因)”意为“这/那是因为……”。because引导表语从句时,表示“因为”,强调原因。
That’s because I was too busy then.
那是因为那时我太忙。
·“The reason why...is that+表语从句”意为“……的原因是……”。
The reason why he asked for two days’ leave is that he had to take care of his sick son.
他请了两天假的原因是他要照顾他生病的儿子。
温馨提示
④as if/though引导的表语从句。
as if/though引导的表语从句常置于look,seem,sound,be,become 等系动词后面。as if/
though引导的表语从句如果描述的是事实或极有可能发生的情况,则从句用陈述语气。
Dark clouds are gathering.It looks as if it is going to rain.
乌云在聚集,好像要下雨了。(说话人从心理上认为事实上会下雨,故用陈述语气。)
Suddenly,everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
突然,所有东西都开始摇晃起来。看起来仿佛世界末日即将来临!
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
He is too eager for success.That is　　　　 he failed halfway.
“Never give up!” This is　　　　 his father always tells him when he is in low spirits.
If you often feel tired and can’t focus your attention,that is　　　　 you have to stop working too hard and have a rest.
why
what
when
It is reported that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger.It’s
　　 　　 their habitats or homelands are disappearing.
Lucy is always ready to help others.That is 　　　　 she is very popular with the people around her.
The reason why he didn’t come is 　　　　 he had not received the invitation.
because
why
that
三、表语从句中的虚拟语气
1.在表语从句中,表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等时,主句中的主语通常是advice、suggestion、proposal、request、order、idea等,从句谓语形式是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。
2.在as if/though引导的表语从句中,当说话者认为所述不是事实或发生的可能性不大时,从句用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语用一般过去时(be 用were);若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语用过去完成时;若表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
It seems as if it were spring.
现在好像是春天似的。
The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon.It seems as if she had been to the moon many times.
这个女孩对月球的描述非常逼真,就好像她去过月球很多次似的。(事实上并没去过,故用虚拟语气。)
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子
The teacher’s requirement is 　　　　 we 　　 　 　 (recite) the passage in twenty minutes.
She appeared as if she 　　 　　 (know) nothing about it.
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if
(它断了).
that
(should) recite
had known
it were broken
听上去,他们的研究好像有了突破。
It sounded as if their research had got a breakthrough.
真题体验
1.(2024·浙江1月卷) If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities,that’s 　　　　 they’ll promote.
what
【解析】 考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知,表语从句中缺少宾语,且指物,根据句意应用连接代词what。故填what。
2.(2024·全国甲卷) I guess our different childhood background is 　　 makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to:her stories always make my history textbooks come alive.
what
【解析】 考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知,表语从句中缺少主语,且指物,根据句意应用连接代词what。故填what。
3.(2024·全国甲卷) The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to study was
　　　　 her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor.
when
【解析】 考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知,表语从句中缺少时间状语,根据句意应用连接副词when。故填when。
4.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The key finding of the study was 　　　　 when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion...
that
【解析】 考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知,表语从句句意完整,不缺句子成分,表达肯定的含义,用that引导。故填that。
5.(2023·全国乙卷) Indoor plants might look 　 　　　 they just sit around not doing much,but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
as if/though
【解析】 考查表语从句。as if/though引导的表语从句中,当说话者认为所述不是事实或发生的可能性不大时,从句用虚拟语气。故填as if/though。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.The third section of the newspaper is　　　　 we can know something about science and technology.
2.The reason why his research failed was　　　　 he neglected the importance of team efforts.
3.My suggestion is that we all　　　 　(take) an active part in the coming sports meeting.
where
that
(should) take
4.What really matters is　　 　　 you do,you must do it well.
5.In my opinion,the dangers are greater than the benefits.That is 　　　　 I oppose the plan to build a factory near my community.
6.The question discussed at the meeting was 　　　　 it was worth trying a new approach to solve the problem.
7.One characteristic of hybrids is 　　　　 they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.
whatever
why
whether
that
8.The most important thing is 　　　　 we can get through the difficult times although the challenges seem overwhelming.
9.Obeying the traffic rules is 　　　 　 all of us should pay attention to because it ensures not only our own safety but also the safety of others on the road.
10.The best moment for him in the Olympic Winter Games was 　　　　he won a gold medal for his country.
how
what
when
Ⅱ.语篇填空
　　My friend and I had a plan to go hiking.We discussed 1.　　　　 we should go.My friend recommended a famous mountain,but I was not sure 2.　　　 　 it would be too crowded.We also considered 3.　　　 we would get there,by car or by train.As we were preparing,the weather forecast became a concern.We wondered 4.　　　　 would be the best time to start so that we could avoid the heavy rain.It looked as 5.　　we needed to make a very careful decision.Finally,we agreed 6.　　　　 we would check the weather again in the morning and then decide.
where
whether
how
when
if
that(共24张PPT)
Unit 3　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.What impresses me most is 　　　　 whenever he appears in front of others,he wears a sincere and charming smile.
2.The thing I’m concerned about is 　　　　 the flight will be able to take off.
3.The problem is 　　　　 study method suits the students best.
4.He can’t afford to buy a car for his birthday.That’s 　　　 　 he hasn’t earned enough money.
that
when
which
because
5.The engine sounds 　　　　 something is wrong with it.
6.They prepared carefully for the presentation.That’s 　　　　 it was so successful.
7.What I want to know is 　　　　 we shall go and whether she will join us.
8.The puzzle is 　　　　 he managed to solve the difficult math problem.
9.The question is 　　　　 we can finish the work on time.
10.This is 　　　　 I really want to say.
as if
why
where
how
whether
what
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.问题是我们能否筹集到足够的资金。(whether引导的表语从句)
The question is whether we can raise enough money.
2.关键是我们如何能提高效率。(how引导的表语从句)
The key is how we can improve our efficiency.
3.那个人就是我们正在寻找的。(who引导的表语从句)
The man is who we are looking for.
4.问题是谁的设计最受学生的欢迎。(whose引导的表语从句)
The issue is whose design is the most popular among students.
5.这就是我一直在寻找的东西。(what引导的表语从句)
This is what I have been looking for.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Iphitos,the founder of the ancient Olympic Games,was an enlightened
(开明的) ruler.In the 9th century BC,he improved the sacrificial ceremony,
added sports competition content,and declared that it should be held every four years.
The ancient Olympic Games of 776 BC were officially recorded in history as the first ancient Olympic Games.The event was held in Olympia.
Only three nations participated—the Peloponnese,Elis,and Sparta.At that time,there was only one event,the Site run (场地跑) with a distance of 192.27 metres.Koroibos,a cook from Elis,was the winner.Site run remained the only athletic event at the first 13 Olympics,until 724 BC when a new foot race was added.The Olympics were held in Olympia every four years and became a splendid part of ancient Greek culture for about 12 centuries.The Olympic Games were banned by an emperor of the Roman Empire in 394 AD.
Pierre de Coubertin,who came from France,got the idea of resurrecting the Olympics in 1889.His idea was originally for educational purposes,but it was approved by the participating delegates of an international conference in Paris in 1894,and then the first modern Olympics were held in 1896.
Athens,the capital of Greece,served as the first host.
The marathon competition was introduced at the 1896 Athens Olympics.The long-distance running is in memory of Pheidippides,an ancient messenger who is said to have run from the battlefield of Marathon to Athens to announce that the Persians had been defeated in the Battle of Marathon.The long distance that Pheidippides ran and his death are the sources of the modern marathon,a symbol of endurance and spirit in sport.Today the marathon has become an important event for the Olympic Games and other independent long-distance running competitions in modern society.The distance of 42.195 kilometres was first used at the 1908 Olympic Games in London,measured between the starting point at Windsor Castle and the finish line at White City Stadium.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了奥运会的发展历史和比赛项目等。
(　　)1.Which of the following is true about the ancient Olympic Games
[A] Koroibos was the first winner of the ancient Olympic Games.
[B] People from all areas of the Greek could join the Olympics.
[C] The Olympics were originally held in Athens.
[D] Before 724 BC,athletes could attend two types of races in the Olympics.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Koroibos,a cook from Elis,was the winner.”可知,Koroibos是古代奥运会的第一位获胜者。故选A。
(　　)2.What is the meaning of the underlined word “resurrecting” in Paragraph 3
[A] Taking up. [B] Setting out.
[C] Turning down. [D] Bringing back.
D
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词下文“His idea was originally for educational purposes...and then the first modern Olympics were held in 1896.”可知,他的想法是复兴停止多年的奥运会。故选D。
(　　)3.What do we know about the marathon from the article
[A] The distance Pheidippides ran was 42.195 kilometres.
[B] The marathon was first held at the 1908 Olympic Games.
[C] Marathon competitions are not just held in the Olympics.
[D] The marathon aims at memorising a battle Greek army won.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Today the marathon has become ...running competitions in modern society.”可知,马拉松赛跑是现代奥运会和其他单独的长跑比赛的重要项目。由此可知,马拉松赛跑不仅在奥运会期间举行。故选C。
(　　)4.Who are the intended readers of this article
[A] People who like to read news on education.
[B] People who are interested in sports history.
[C] People who want to learn about Greek culture.
[D] People who hope to participate in the Olympics.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了奥运会的发展历史和比赛项目等。由此可推知,这篇文章的目标读者是对体育史感兴趣的人。故选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
The Silk Road was an ancient system of trade routes that linked the East to the West.For several centuries,it was an outstanding network
1.　　 　　(include) routes both on the land and oceans.It stretched from East Asia,Southeast Asia,East Africa,West Africa,and Southern Europe.
including
The Silk Road was not given its name for nothing.During its time of use,silk was a highly profitable product along its routes.Silk,you can say,wove together these many regions in terms of business and even
2.　　　 　(culture) exchange.
cultural
However,the name 3.　　　　(it) was not coined until the 19th century by Ferdinand von Richthofen.He made the term during his several
4.　　　 　(journey) to China from 1868 to 1872.Despite this,the term was not made known 5.　　　　 the academic world until the 20th century.The reason was 6.　　　　 the geographer Sven Hedin wrote a book 7.
(title) The Silk Road in 1938.And 8.　　　　(final),academics in that region became increasingly involved in the study of the trade routes of Central Asia.
itself
journeys
to
that
titled
finally
9.　　　　 history of the Silk Road is of global significance.In modern times,the old Silk Road routes are still used,but now they 10.
(cross) by trains instead of camels and horses.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了丝绸之路的历史。
The
are crossed
1.【答案】 including
【解析】 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处是介词短语作后置定语。故填including。
2.【答案】 cultural
【解析】 考查形容词。此处修饰名词“exchange”,作定语,需用形容词形式。故填cultural。
3.【答案】 itself
【解析】 考查代词。此处指代主语“the name”本身,需用反身代词。故填itself。
4.【答案】 journeys
【解析】 考查名词复数。“several”后应跟可数名词复数,故填journeys。
5.【答案】 to
【解析】 考查介词。固定搭配be known to...意为“为……所熟知”。故填to。
6.【答案】 that
【解析】 考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处是表语从句,从句句意完整,不缺句子成分,表达肯定的含义。故填that。
7.【答案】 titled
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语“book”与“title”之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,意为“给……加标题”。故填titled。
8.【答案】 finally
【解析】 考查副词。此处作时间状语,需用副词形式。故填finally。
9.【答案】 The
【解析】 考查冠词。此处特指丝绸之路的历史,需用定冠词,位于句首,首字母大写。故填The。
10.【答案】 are crossed
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空前的now可知,本句应用一般现在时;且they与cross之间为被动关系,故应用一般现在时的被动语态;主语they是复数,be动词应用are。故填are crossed。(共14张PPT)
Unit 3　读后续写专题练
(分值:25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One morning on my way to school,I noticed an elderly woman dressed in a yellow vest carrying a garbage bag and one of those rubbish claws (爪形器具).“What’s that lady doing ” I asked Mum.“Vest Lady.She just picks up rubbish around here for fun,” Mum said.“Why would someone think picking up rubbish looking like a construction worker is fun ” I puzzled.
For several years I’d witness this mysterious Vest Lady—rain or shine—on my way to school.I had thought she was crazy for picking up rubbish.
Eventually I smiled and waved at her each time I saw her.Later,I moved to high school.The time I saw rubbish here and there I felt really annoyed.Then I’d think,“Why isn’t anyone picking up the rubbish People are so inconsiderate!” However,shortly after,I realised picking up the rubbish was not someone else’s problem.
Now I couldn’t walk past litter without feeling guilty.I volunteered to clean up rubbish around our school.Strange as it might sound,picking up litter was kind of a thrill for me!In fact,I was so determined that for my 17th birthday I bought myself a rubbish claw,reusable gloves and a reflective safety yellow vest with my own name on it.
During my first attempt in my stylish equipment,I met with unfriendly looks from others as if I were a criminal doing community service.One day,I had an epiphany(顿悟),“I’m acting just like Vest Lady!”
　　But there was too much rubbish around,cigarette ends littered about,
cans rolling on the street,pieces of paper hidden in the grass.Being alone was too weak!How would I get more volunteers involved in rubbish removal A smart idea flashed into my mind.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
Soon I created my website .
Paragraph 2:
More and more people put on vests with their own names.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who Vest Lady,Mum and I 困惑
厌烦
坚定
开心
When From the primary school to the high school
Where In the park or on the street
What Influenced by Vest Lady,I began to devote myself to the work of environmental protection.
明确冲突定主题 Conflict & Clue Conflict:There was too much rubbish around,but my own strength is not enough. Clue:How would I get more volunteers involved in rubbish removal A smart idea flashed into my mind. 困惑
厌烦
坚定
开心
Theme I am committed to the environmental protection and want to get more people involved.
预设问题定走向 Para.1 Soon I created my website . Q1:What would I upload to the website Q2:What would I like to show on the website Q3:What would happen then 困惑
厌烦
坚定
开心
Para.2 More and more people put on vests with their own names. Q1:What would they do Q2:What would be the result of our efforts Q3:What would I learn from Vest Lady (共37张PPT)
Unit 3　课时作业(四)
①The council is expected to adopt the new policy next meeting.　　
②They have always dreamed of adopting a little girl and giving her a loving home.　　
③We should adopt a more sustainable lifestyle to protect the environment.
　　
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.adopt
(分值:52.5分)
单元知识综合练
C
A.v.收养　B.v.采取,采用　C.v.正式通过
A
B
2.shift
A.vi.& vt.转移　B.vi.& vt.改变;更替 C.n.改变　 D.n.轮班
①Peter is on the day shift and I am on the night.　　
②We need to shift the focus of our research from theory to practical application.　　
③He refused to shift his ground,even though many people advised him to.
　　
④A shift in the weather made us change our plan.　　
D
A
B
C
3.pack
A.v.塞进;挤进　B.n.一群　C.vt.收拾(行李);装(箱)
①A pack of children were playing happily in the park.　　
②I need to pack my suitcase before I go on the trip.　　
③The hostess packed the food into the picnic basket.　　
B
C
A
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
　　In 1999,a journalist reported a surprising encounter on a tiny African island.Here,he met a number of elderly men who told him that they were descendants of Chinese sailors many centuries ago.Their ancestors had traded with local Africans,who had given them giraffes to take back to China.1.　　
G
Six centuries ago,a large number of Chinese ships crossed the sea,then travelled west to East Africa.2.　　　 These great expeditions brought a vast web of trading links under Chinese government control.
3.　　　 Most of the trading involved spices,wood,and medicines.
Zheng He brought them back to the capital.Although these goods were mainly presented to the emperor for his consumption,foreign ambassadors coming to China were permitted to trade with locals in the capital for handsome profits,which also allowed ordinary Chinese to benefit from international trade.
B
E
4.　　　 In the regions they visited,Zheng He and his fleet remained a long-lasting theme in popular Southeast Asian folk tales.Surviving records of the expeditions provide detailed accounts of unique Chinese navigation technologies of the time,leaving a rich maritime legacy to later generations.
However,the Chinese expedition never sought to establish colonial (殖民的) rule over these oceans by military force.5.　　　 Zheng He’s voyages had a far-reaching impact on China and its neighbours.
C
F
A.Zheng He’s great voyage started at the port of Nanjing.
B.Seven times,the treasure fleets set sail for the unknown.
C.Apart from the economic impact,there was more cultural influence.
D.The actual economic impact of the expedition was difficult to evaluate.
E.Zheng He exchanged China’s products for foreign luxuries and daily products.
F.Instead,it was intended to facilitate international and trade relationships with others.
G.If it’s true,this remote village is evidence of an episode of maritime exploration in China.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的航海历史以及其对世界航海贸易的发展做出的贡献。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 上文提到了一个记者在非洲一个小岛上的一次意外遭遇。他遇到了一些老人,他们是许多世纪前中国水手的后代。他们的祖先与当地的非洲人进行贸易,当地的非洲人给他们长颈鹿,让他们带回中国。本句为本段最后一句,总结并评价上文这一故事。故选G。
2.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上下文可知,本句主要描述中国船只航海的情况。B项符合语境,且“Seven times”对应下文的“these”。故选B。
3.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据下文可知,本段主要说明了中国航海贸易的商品。E项符合语境,故选E。
4.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文可知,中国独特的航海技术为后人留下了丰富的海洋遗产,属于文化方面的影响。C项承上启下,符合语境,故选C。
5.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据上文可知,本句主要解释说明中国探险的真正目的,与上文构成转折关系。F项符合语境,故选F。
4.【答案】 G
【解析】 下文说明这种机器可以让人感受到它的益处,G项说明机器对身体有好处,引出下文内容,且选项中“Tess Morris-Paterson”由下文中“she”进行指代,G项符合题意。故选G。
5.【答案】 C
【解析】 下文说明人们期望未来几年能将此机器应用在宇航员身上,并结合常识可知,在正式使用机器之前,机器需经历一系列测试。C项符合逻辑,引出下文。故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
　　When Sam Fisher took his two young sons,Jessin,10,and Liam,7,and their 9-year-old cousin Kaiden on a hike in the Badlands of North Dakota,
he was probably planning a day of sightseeing and light exercise.What he did not 　1　,however,was the group’s 　2　 the remains of a young Tyrannosaurus Rex that lived millions of years ago.Their find was considered as an “unbelievable 　3　” by the Denver Museum of Nature & Science and will be 　4　 at the museum.
Fisher and the boys were surely 　5　.They 　6　 the fossil (化石) with all the respect it deserved.Fisher sent a photo of the find to his old high school classmate,Dr.Tyler Lyson,a paleontologist (古生物学家) in the Denver Museum of Nature & Science and asked for advice.Then,Dr.Lyson 　7　 on the site with the family as well as a skilled team to 　8　 up the fossil.
　9　 they unearthed the remains of the teenage Tyrannosaurus Rex.
The fossil has since been called “Teen Rex”.According to the size of the bone,experts judged the dinosaur was between 12 and 14 years old at the time of its 　10　 and weighed around 3,500 pounds,about half the size of a
　11　 Tyrannosaurus Rex,　12　 there would have been still much room for growth.“It is 　13　 to find complete Tyrannosaurus Rex fossils,and even more unusual to find the young one.These boys have made a discovery that 　14　 science and deepens our understanding of the natural world,” says Dr.Lyson.
In addition to the display,the museum will also be 　15　 a new
40-minute film T.REX,which tells this astonishing story.
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章讲述了作者和孩子们在一次徒步旅行时无意中发现了恐龙化石的故事。
(　　)1.
B
【解析】 根据上文可知,这本是一次普通的旅行,但没有预料(expect)到的是,这群人发现了一只生活在数百万年前的幼年霸王龙的遗骸。故选B。
[A] find
[B] expect
[C] notice
[D] acquire
(　　)2.
D
【解析】 根据下文“Their find”可知,这群人偶然发现(coming across)了一只生活在数百万年前的幼年霸王龙的遗骸。故选D。
[A] clearing away
[B] looking for
[C] passing down
[D] coming across
(　　)3.
D
【解析】 根据下文“made a discovery”可知,这是令人难以置信的发现(discovery)。故选D。
[A] figure
[B] improvement
[C] emergency
[D] discovery
(　　)4.
B
【解析】 根据下文“at the museum”可知,化石会在博物馆展出(on show)。故选B。
[A] at present
[B] on show
[C] in detail
[D] under control
(　　)5.
C
[A] disappointed
[B] anxious
[C] excited
[D] confident
【解析】 根据常识可知,发现化石之后,作者和孩子们应该是兴奋的(excited)。故选C。
(　　)6.
C
【解析】 根据下文“Fisher sent a photo of the find...and asked for advice.”可知,这是处理(dealt with)化石的方式。故选C。
[A] wondered at
[B] learnt about
[C] dealt with
[D] stuck to
(　　)7.
A
【解析】 根据下文“on the site”可知,到达(arrived)了现场。故选A。
[A] arrived
[B] stayed
[C] brushed
[D] pushed
(　　)8.
B
【解析】 根据下文“unearthed”可知,他们一起挖掘(dig)了幼年霸王龙的遗骸。故选B。
[A] turn
[B] dig
[C] put
[D] give
(　　)9.
C
【解析】 根据下文“they unearthed the remains of the teenage Tyrannosaurus Rex”可知,他们一起(Together)挖掘了幼年霸王龙的遗骸。故选C。
[A] Moreover
[B] Otherwise
[C] Together
[D] Besides
(　　)10.
A
【解析】 根据上文“between 12 and 14 years old”可知,12到14岁是幼年霸王龙死亡(death)的时间。故选A。
[A] death
[B] leaving
[C] meeting
[D] recovery
(　　)11.
D
【解析】 根据上文“between 12 and 14 years old”可知,指与幼年的霸王龙相对的是成年的(fully-developed)霸王龙。故选D。
[A] like-minded
[B] short-sighted
[C] well-rounded
[D] fully-developed
(　　)12.
C
[A] ensuring
[B] requiring
[C] implying
[D] allowing
【解析】 根据下文“there would have been still much room for growth”可知,这暗示(implying)着它还有很大的成长空间。故选C。
(　　)13.
D
【解析】 根据下文“even more unusual to find the young one”可知,找到完整的雷克斯霸王龙化石是不寻常的(unusual)。故选D。
[A] risky
[B] difficult
[C] boring
[D] unusual
(　　)14.
A
【解析】 根据下文“deepens our understanding of the natural world”可知,这些男孩的发现推动(advances)了科学的发展。故选A。
[A] advances
[B] challenges
[C] introduces
[D] explains
(　　)15.
A
【解析】 根据下文“a new 40-minute film T.REX,which tells this astonishing story”可知,博物馆还将放映(screening)一部40分钟的新电影。故选A。
[A] screening
[B] inventing
[C] admiring
[D] checking
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,上周你班参观了当地的历史博物馆。请给你的外国朋友Ryan写一封邮件分享这次经历,内容包括:
1.你的所见所闻;
2.你的感想。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Ryan,
Yours,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Dear Ryan,
Last week,our class visited the local history museum,which turned out to be a truly exceptional experience.
We explored various ancient Chinese handicrafts,and I was particularly fascinated by a set of bronze vessels that were used in some ceremonies thousands of years ago.Seeing these handicrafts up close made me realise the depth and richness of our cultural heritage.It also highlighted the importance of preserving these historical treasures for future generations.
The trip not only deepened my understanding of history,but also inspired me to learn more about our ancient civilisations.Now,I understand why preserving cultural heritage is so important.
Yours,
Li Hua(共17张PPT)
Unit 3　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Advanced technology has 　　 　　(促进) global communication and cultural exchange.
2.As soon as the train arrived,all the passengers went 　　 　　(上车).
3.The company decided to 　　 　　(改革) its management system to enhance efficiency.
4.The region is known for its 　　　 　(罕见的) natural beauty,attracting tourists from all over the world.
facilitated
aboard
reform
exceptional
5.Manufacturing 　　　　(产量) has increased by 8% these three years.
6.The book you need is put on the 　　　　(架子) in the corner of the library.
7.If you brush your teeth too hard,your mouth may start to 　　　　(流血).
8.He 　　 　　(拉) me to his study and showed me his piles of books proudly.
9.I decided to 　　　 　(打包) a few things and have a holiday in the countryside.
10.Let me check on the computer to see if there is any room 　　　 　(可获得的).
output
shelf
bleed
dragged
pack
available
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.The tears rushed 　　　 　(violent) from her eyes and she broke out into loud sobs.
2.A 　　 　 　(compare) of the two novels shows that they have different narrative styles.
3.The boy in blue shirt,aged about 11,looks 　　 　　(freeze) with fear.
4.Internet has been used 　　　 　(extensive) which makes e-commerce and network economy develop rapidly.
violently
comparison
frozen
extensively
5.She carefully wrapped the gift and put it in a beautiful 　　　　(pack).
6.The company made some changes in response 　　　 　 customers’ complaints.
7.The wide 　　　 　(adopt) of solar energy is beneficial to environmental protection.
package
to
adoption
8.The team,　　　 a whole,performed extremely well in the tournament.
9.Contrary 　　　　 popular belief,the desert can be a beautiful place.
10.His speech had a touch 　　　　 humour,which made the audience laugh.
as
to
of
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我有一个信念,那就是努力工作总会有回报。(that引导的同位语从句)
I have a belief that working hard always pays off.
2.女孩在公园里散步,欣赏着美丽的风景。(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
The girl walked in the park,enjoying the beautiful scenery.
3.这个房间足够干净,可以舒适地居住。(adj.+enough to do)
The room is clean enough to live in comfortably.
4.我们在周五前有一项任务要完成。(动词不定式作后置定语)
We have a task to finish before Friday.
5.这本书里包含了很多精美的图片,在孩子们中很受欢迎。(“介词+which”引导非限制性定语从句)
The book,in which many beautiful pictures are included,is very popular among children.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.Many stories inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.However,merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
In ancient times,silk from China found its way overland to India,the Middle East,and Rome,along what became known as the Silk Road.A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean,centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).Here,merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals,which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.Over the centuries,further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China.
Later,the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions.
Between 1405 and 1433,seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.Under the command of Zheng He,they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea,and then to the east coast of Africa.African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold,silk,and spices.Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433,these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas,and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.Trading has grown greatly in recent years,and will continue to do so in years to come.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国从古至今在海洋探索方面所做的尝试和取得的成就。
(　　)1.How is the passage developed
[A] By giving examples.
[B] By time order.
[C] By making definition.
[D] By making comparison.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In ancient times”、第三段中的“Later,the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions.”以及最后一段中的“To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.”可知,文章是按照时间顺序行文的。故选B。
(　　)2.Which word can best describe Zheng He’s fleets
[A] Impressive.
[B] Worrisome.
[C] Aggressive.
[D] Terrified.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“These fleets were...at that time.”可知,郑和的舰队令人印象深刻。故选A。
(　　)3.What can be inferred about the Belt and Road Initiative
[A] It widens some countries’ territory on the ocean.
[B] It helps profiting from the world.
[C] It promotes cooperation with other countries.
[D] It mainly encourages cultural exchange.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The aim of this initiative...the rest of the world.”可知,“一带一路”倡议的目的是鼓励历史悠久的丝绸之路地区之间的合作和贸易,加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。故选C。
(　　)4.Which is a suitable title for the text
[A] The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road
[B] China’s Sea Trade
[C] The Belt and Road Initiative
[D] Reaching Out across the Sea
D
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知,本文讲述了中国从古至今在海洋探索方面所做的尝试和取得的成就。D项适合作为本文的标题。故选D。(共97张PPT)
Part 2
Integrated skills,Extended reading,
Project,Assessment,Further study
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　 n.(pl.shelves)(书架等的)架子,搁板
2. adj.相反的,相对立的;截然不同的
3. prep.& adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上,上(车、船、飞机等)
4. vi.俯冲;跳水;潜水
n.冲,扑,俯冲;潜水;跳水
5. adv.同时;其间;对比之下
写作词汇
shelf
contrary
aboard
dive
meanwhile
6. vt.拖,拉;缓慢而费力地移动
7. vi.(bled,bled)失血,流血
8. vt.密谋,策划;使孵出
vi.孵化;孵出
9. n.阴谋;故事情节
vi.& vt.密谋
drag
bleed
hatch
plot
10. vi.& vt.(sank,sunk)下沉,沉没;坐下;降低
11. vi.& vt.企盼,祈求;祈祷,祷告
12. vt.改进,改良,改革
n.改革,改良
13. n.织物,布料
14. n.改变,转移;轮班
vi.& vt.(使)移动,(使)转移;改变
sink
pray
reform
cloth
shift
1.hell　　　　 n.
2.rub vt.& vi.
3.washroom n.
4.uniform n.
adj.
5.eagle n.
6.thunder vi.
n.
阅读词汇
地狱;苦难的经历,悲惨的境况
擦,磨,搓;(使) 相互摩擦
洗手间,厕所
制服;队服
一致的,统一的
雕
轰隆隆地响;打雷
雷,雷声
7.deck n.
8.chaos n.
9.navy n.
10.infamy n.
11.episode n.
12.textile n. ;(textiles)
13.output n.
14.cottage n.
甲板,舱面
混乱,杂乱
海军,海军部队
臭名昭著,声名狼藉;恶行,罪恶
一段经历,片段;一集
纺织品
纺织业
产量,输出量
小屋,村舍
拓展词汇
1. vt.采用,采取;表决采纳;领养,收养 vi.领养,收养→adoption n.采用;收养→adopted adj.被收养的;被采用的→adopter n.收养者→adoptee n.被收养者
2. n.对比;比较→compare v.比较,对比;与……类比→
comparable adj.可比较的;比得上的→comparative adj.比较的;相当的
3. vt.& vi.塞进,挤进;装(箱),收拾;打包;包装 n.包,包裹;小盒,小包→packed adj.充满/塞满……的
adopt
comparison
pack
4. adv.猛烈地,厉害地;强烈地,激烈地;凶狠地→violent adj.暴力的;猛烈的→violence n.暴力;激烈
5. vi.& vt.(froze,frozen)突然停止,呆住;结冰;冻僵→freezer n.冰柜;冷冻柜→freezing adj.冰冻的;极冷的→frozen adj.冷冻的
6. n.纪念碑(或像等);纪念物→memory n.记忆,记忆力;内存→
memorize v.记住,背熟;记忆
violently
freeze
memorial
1.a touch of　　　　　　　
2.engage sb’s interest
3.contrary to
4.see eye to eye (with sb)
5.in horror
6.come to oneself
7.hatch a plot
重点词块及句型
重点词块
一点儿,少许
吸引某人的兴趣
与……相反
(与某人) 意见一致,达 成共识
惊恐地
苏醒,恢复知觉
策划阴谋
8.declare war on...
9.deliver a speech
10.in response to...
11.cottage industry
12.as a whole
向……宣战
发表演说
作为对……的回应
家庭手工业
作为一个整体,总体上
重点句型
1.In the chaos and confusion after the attack,the US Navy sent a message to his family .(that引导的同位语从句)
在袭击之后的混乱中,美国海军给他的家人送去消息,称路易已经在袭击中遇难。
2.Russell was saved from the water,but he was badly burnt, .
(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
落入水中的拉塞尔被救了上来,但是他严重烧伤,大量出血。
that Louis had been killed in the attack
bleeding heavily
3.Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack,but they among the few survivors from the Arizona.(adj.+enough+to do)
路易和拉塞尔永远都不会忘记那次袭击的可怕场面,但是他们又足够幸运,成为“亚利桑那号”为数不多的幸存者。
4.Out of 37 sets of brothers,Russell and his brother were the only full pair
.(动词不定式短语作后置定语)
在船上的37对兄弟里,只有拉塞尔和他的兄弟在袭击中幸存下来。
were fortunate enough to be
to survive the attack
5.The next day,President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech,
...(“介词+which”引导非限制性定语从句)
次日,罗斯福总统发表了他著名的《珍珠港演说》,他在演讲中将12 月 7 日描述成“活在耻辱中的日子”……
in which he described December 7 as “a date which will live in infamy ”
6.They come
who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace.(动词不定式作宾语)
他们前来观摩沉在珍珠港底的船只身影,了解这场突袭,向在突袭中失去生命的人致敬,并且为世界和平祈祷。
to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor,
to learn about the attack,to show respect for those
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会—— 珍珠港遭袭。
2.语篇类型:记叙文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文通过两位战争亲历者的视角,揭示了战争的残酷和惨烈,旨在引导学生以史为鉴,铭记历史,珍爱和平,培养学生对历史事件形成正确的情感、态度和价值观,提高自觉维护和平的意识。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
normal
Japanese
bomb
burns
minor
lifeboat
were killed
the Second World War
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.When did the attack take place
[A] In the morning.
[B] At noon.
[C] In the evening.
[D] At night.
A
(　　)2.Which of the following words can best describe Louis
[A] Kind and skilled.
[B] Brave and modest.
[C] Brave and clever.
[D] Helpful and clever.
B
(　　)3.What happened to the ship on which Louis worked
[A] It saved many soldiers.
[B] It escaped from the attack.
[C] It was protected by Louis.
[D] It was hit and abandoned.
D
(　　)4.What is mainly talked about in the fifth paragraph
[A] The luck of survivors.
[B] The cruelty of the war.
[C] The number of the deaths.
[D] Great loss of the attack.
D
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.adopt vt.采用,采取;表决采纳;领养,收养 vi.领养,收养
·adopted adj.被收养的;被采用的
·adoption n.收养;采用
·adoptive adj.收养的;有收养关系的
[教材原句] Contrary to popular history books,most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to studying history.
与通俗历史读物相反,大多数学术著作往往采用更具分析性、更严肃的方式研究历史。
例 The injured kitten was adopted by an old lady.
受伤的小猫被一位老太太收养了。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)I hope you would adopt my suggestions and have a good time.
我希望你采纳我的建议,祝你玩得愉快。
归纳拓展
·adopt a policy/one’s idea采纳某项政策/某人的意见
adopt a method/measures采用某种方法/采取措施
adopt sb as...选举某人为……
·an adopted son/daughter 养子/女
·adoptive parents 养父母
adopt和adapt,一个字母之差,可以这样记:adopt中间字母为o,表示一张圆脸,“收养”了一个可爱的孩子;adapt中间字母为a,表示“一”,一个人第一次到达陌生的地方必须学会“适应”。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
Many animal welfare organisations provide care and 　　　 　(adopt) services for homeless animals.
The 　　　 　(adopt) parents provided a loving and stable home for the child.
The couple had no children of their own and 　　　　　　　　　　(领养了一个小男孩).After a few months,he came to 　　　　　　　　　　(适应了他的新生活).
adoption
adoptive
adopted a little boy
adapt to his new life
After he adopted a new way,the problem was solved.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the problem was solved.(with复合结构)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he solved the problem.(现在分词短语作状语)
With a new way adopted
Having adopted a new way
2.comparison n.对比;比较
·compare v.比较;对比;把……比作;与……类比
[教材原句] Also,they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly,thus engaging the reader’s interest.
此外,他们经常用故事和有趣的比较来生动地描述历史人物或事件,从而引起读者的兴趣。
例 I am more interested in teaching literacy and history in comparison to maths and science.
相比数学和科学而言,我对教识字和历史更感兴趣。
例 The second half of the game was dull by comparison with the first.
与上半场相比,下半场的比赛有些沉闷。
in comparison with/to 和……相比
by comparison (with) (与……)相比较
归纳拓展
·in comparison with/to 和……相比
comparison with...与……的比较
by comparison (with) (与……)相比较
beyond/without comparison 无与伦比
·compare with/to 和……相比
compare A to B 把A比作B
compare A with B 把A 和B进行比较
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
In comparison 　　　　 other students,Mike is more diligent.
In China,children are compared 　　　　 flowers.
The quality of our goods is far 　　 　　 comparison.
与那幢房子相比,这幢房子的优点是价格低。
→　　　　　 　 　　 that house,this one has the advantage of low price.(n. comparison)
→　　　　　　　　 that house,this one has the advantage of low price.
(v. compare)
with/to
to
beyond
By comparison with或In comparison with/to
Compared with/to
3.aboard prep.& adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上,上(车、船、飞机等)
[教材原句] The men aboard the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed their eyes.
美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰上的人们伸了伸懒腰,揉了揉眼睛。
例 (读后续写之场景描写)We were aboard the boat now,and I shook with cold in the darkness.
我们现在在船上,我在黑暗中冻得浑身发抖。
例 (读后续写之人物描写)He was tall with broad shoulders and always wore a broad smile.
他身材高大,肩膀宽阔,脸上总是挂着灿烂的笑容。
[词语辨析]
单词 词性 词义 常用搭配
aboard prep. 在(车、船、飞机等)上 aboard the plane在飞机上
go aboard上船/火车/飞机
adv. 上(车、船、飞机等)
board vt. 上(车、船、飞机等) board a plane/ship
登上飞机/轮船
message board
留言板
vi. 寄宿
n. 木板;膳食 (费);董事会
abroad adv. 在国外,到国外 go/travel/work abroad
出国/到国外旅行/在国外工作
at home and abroad
国内外
broad adj. 广阔的,宽阔的; 广泛的;概括的 a broad street/river
宽阔的街道/河流
have a broad base of support
受到广泛的支持
[语境运用] 用aboard,abroad,board,broad完成语段/完成句子
After 　　 　　 the plane,I felt excited.I was about to go 　　　　 for a trip.Looking out of the window,I saw the 　　　　 runway.As the plane took off,I knew a new adventure awaited me.　　 　　 the plane,I started to imagine all the wonderful things I would experience in the foreign land.
This traditional handicraft 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(在国内外都备受赞誉).
boarding
abroad
broad
Aboard
is highly praised at home and abroad
4.freeze vi.& vt.(froze,frozen)突然停止,呆住;结冰;冻僵
·freezing adj.冰冻的;极冷的,严寒的;冻僵的
·frozen adj.冷冻的;冻僵的
[教材原句] Russell felt his blood freeze,but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck.
拉塞尔感到自己的血液都凝固了,但是他很快镇定下来,冲上了甲板。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)The smile froze on her face,with all the books scattered on the floor.
她脸上的笑容僵住了,书散落一地。
例 (读后续写之环境描写)The freezing wind blew through the streets,
making people shiver.
凛冽的寒风吹过街道,让人们瑟瑟发抖。
归纳拓展
·freeze with 因……而呆住
freeze...(up)(使)冻住,冻堵
freeze (sb) to death (把某人)冻死
·freezing cold 极其寒冷
·be frozen to death 被冻死
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I 　　　　(freeze) with terror as the door slowly opened.
He put his blanket over the child although he was 　　 　　(freeze).
The 　　　　(freeze) lake looked like a huge mirror in the sunlight.
Sadly,the little match girl 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(被冻死了) on the Christmas Eve.
froze
freezing
frozen
was frozen to death
5.shift n.改变,转移;轮班 vi.& vt.(使)移动,(使)转移;改变
[教材原句] The shift from the cottage industry to the factory system,
combined with the introduction of new machines,new energy sources and new forms of transport,promoted economic growth and expanded world trade.
从家庭手工业到工厂制度的转变与引进新机器、新能源和新运输方式相结合,促进了经济增长,扩大了世界贸易。
例 (读后续写之环境描写)The wind shifted and blew the mist away.
风向改了,吹散了雾。
例 This accident caused a dramatic shift in public opinion.
这个意外引起了公众舆论的急剧变化。
归纳拓展
·shift away 把……移走;搬走
shift the focus 变换焦点
shift from...to...从……到……转移;挪动
shift(away from...) (to/towards/toward...)(情况、意见、政策等 )改变;转向
·shift (in sth) 改变;转移;转换;变换
work a...shift/work in shifts in轮班;轮班工作
on the day/night shift 上日班/夜班
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
His interest has shifted 　　　　 from sports to art in recent years.
Consumer preferences have shifted 　　　 　 more sustainable and eco-friendly products.
She promised to look after the children when their parents
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(上夜班).
We need to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(转换一下辩论的焦点).
away
to/towards/toward
were on
the night shift
shift the focus of this debate
重点句式
动词不定式短语作后置定语
▲
[教材原句] Out of 37 sets of brothers,Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack.
在船上的37对兄弟里,只有拉塞尔和他的兄弟在袭击中幸存下来。
例 Your ability to finish the task impressed me deeply.
你完成任务的能力给我留下了深刻的印象。
例 He is always the first to come and the last to go.
他总是第一个来,最后一个走。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)I think sport is the best thing to do because it helps you to relax and keeps you in great shape.
我认为运动是最好的做法,因为它可以帮助你放松,让你保持一个好身材。
归纳拓展
·当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词的最高级及the next、 the only、 the last、 the very等修饰时,常用动词不定式作后置定语;
·动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词,常见的有:plan,
ability,chance,opportunity,wish,reason等。
动词不定式作定语时,当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时,不定式使用主动形式表示被动。
Have you got anything to buy
你有什么要买吗 (不定式to buy的动作执行者是you)
Have you got anything to be bought
你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗 (不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The ability 　　 　　(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
I don’t think him to be the best man 　　　　(do) the job because he is very careless.
The best way 　　 　　(strengthen) willpower is to make it into a habit.
I still have no reason 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(怀疑他的话).
She was lucky because she was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这次事故唯一的幸存者).
to express
to do
to strengthen
to doubt his words
the only one to survive the accident
where引导地点状语从句
▲
[教材原句] Today,the USS Arizona lies where it sank:in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
今天,美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方:在太平洋中央。
例 I like to read books where it is quiet.
我喜欢在安静的地方读书。
例 I left my umbrella where I waited for the bus.
我把伞落在了等公交的地方。
归纳拓展
·地点状语从句在句子中作状语,表示地点,主要由where,wherever等引导;
·where引导地点状语从句,意为“在/到……的地方、位置”;
wherever意为“无论何地”;
·注意区别地点状语从句和定语从句。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句型转换/完成句子
Let’s set off for a new adventure and go 　　　　 the ancient ruins lie.
Given my physical health,the doctor convinced me to live where the air is fresher.
→Given my physical health,the doctor convinced me to live
　 .(定语从句)
where
in the place
where the air is fresher
(读后续写之主题升华)我们应该对生活采取积极的态度,所以我们要勇敢地从跌倒之处站起来。
We should adopt a positive attitude towards life so we should stand up bravely 　　　　　　　　.
汤姆冲向操场,他的同学们正在那里打篮球。
Tom rushed to the playground 　 .
where we fall
where his classmates were playing basketball
长难句分析
[教材原句] They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor, to learn about the attack, to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace.
尝试分析: 为四个并列的动词不定式短语作目的状语,构成排比; 为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词“those”。
自主翻译:他们前来观摩沉在珍珠港底的船只身影,了解这场突袭,向在突袭中失去生命的人致敬,并且为世界和平祈祷。
[语境运用] 情境写作
(读后续写之动作描写)他们前来观看被大火烧毁的森林遗迹,了解野火的恐怖,向那些在灭火战斗中牺牲的消防员致敬,并祈祷自然界有一个更安全的未来。
They come to see the remains of the forest burnt by a big fire,to understand the horror of the wildfire,to show respect for those firefighters who had given their lives in battling the blaze and to pray for a safer future for the natural world.
写作微专题3
Expressing your opinion of popular history books
文本解读
1.文体类型:发表对通俗史书的观点,属于夹叙夹议文。
2.要点内容:本单元写作旨在介绍一本通俗史书,了解其受欢迎的原因以及历史学家所持态度;发表对通俗史书的观点,深化对历史知识的了解,提升历史素养。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.首段常用句式。
I’m glad to share with you a popular history book about...
I’d like to recommend a popular history book,which is...
Knowing that you are keen on history,I’d like to recommend a book to you.
2.中段常用句式。
There are many vivid descriptions and fun facts in the book.
The author adopts a natural,chatty style of writing.
He uses stories and interesting comparisons in the book.
It portrays historical figures and events vividly.
3.尾段常用句式。
This kind of history book is more accessible to readers.
This book is highly readable and true to life.
It engages both the mind and the eye.
It leads people to the doorway of a palace of history.
The style of writing makes it easy for ordinary readers to understand history.
It helps educate a wider audience about history.
佳作建构
近来,越来越多的人开始喜欢通俗史书,请分析这类书籍的特点和受欢迎的原因,并给出自己的看法。内容要点如下:
1.喜欢通俗历史书的人变多;
2.此类书籍通俗易懂,写作方式特别容易引起读者兴趣;
3.你的看法。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　 　　 vt.承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢
2.　　 　　 adj.有很大影响力的,有支配力的
3.　　　 　 n.王国;管辖范围
4.　　　　 adj.文学的,文学上的;爱好文学的
5.　　　 　 vt.采用,采取;表决采纳;领养,收养
vi.领养,收养
acknowledge
influential
kingdom
literary
adopt
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.近来,我注意到越来越多的人喜欢通俗史书。
Recently,I have noticed that more and more people
　　　　　.
2.通俗史书的兴起是一件很有影响力的事情。
The rise of popular history books is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
like popular history
books
a very influential thing
3.首先,人们普遍认为通俗史书经常使用引人注目的标题和色彩鲜艳的封面。
Firstly,it is universally acknowledged that popular history books often use
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.通过讲故事呈现过去的方式确保了读者对主题保持兴趣。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ensures the readers remain interested in the subject.
eye-catching titles and colourful covers
The way of presenting the past by telling stories
5.通俗史书生动地描述了历史人物和事件。
The popular history books describe 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
6.与此同时,他们采用一种奇妙而独特的方式向读者介绍历史的基础知识,在文学的王国里给读者提供全面的体验。
Meanwhile,they adopt a fantastic and unique way
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and provide readers with a well-rounded experience in the literary kingdom.
historical figures and events vividly
to introduce readers to
the basics of history
7.总之,通俗史书可以帮助普通读者对这个主题产生真正的热情,并激励他们对它做更多的研究。
In conclusion,popular history books can help the ordinary readers
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and inspire them to do more research on it.
develop a real passion for the subject
亮点提升
1.将第6句用现在分词短语作状语进行改写升级。
Meanwhile,they adopt a fantastic and unique way to introduce readers to the basics of history,providing readers with a well-rounded experience in the literary kingdom.
2.将第7句用not only置于句首引起的部分倒装进行改写升级。
In conclusion,not only can popular history books help the ordinary readers develop a real passion for the subject,but also they can inspire them to do more research on it.
范文展示
　　Recently,I have noticed that more and more people like popular history books.The rise of popular history books is,in my opinion,a very influential thing.
Firstly,it is universally acknowledged that popular history books often use eye-catching titles and colourful covers.The way of presenting the past by telling stories ensures the readers remain interested in the subject.The popular history books describe historical figures and events vividly.Meanwhile,they adopt a fantastic and unique way to introduce readers to the basics of history,providing readers with a well-rounded experience in the literary kingdom.
In conclusion,not only can popular history books help the ordinary readers develop a real passion for the subject,but also they can inspire them to do more research on it.
写作练习
你的班级要开展一次有关通俗史书的讨论,请你给同学们分享你是如何爱上通俗史书的。内容要点如下:
1.书店里出现很多通俗史书;
2.介绍自己爱上通俗史书的原因;
3.建议同学们尝试阅读。
注意:写作词数应为 80个左右。
写作指导
　　 One possible version:
Recently,more and more popular history books have appeared in the bookstores and have gained a wide popularity among the readers.
In the beginning,I tried reading one of them and fell in love with it!So I continued to read a few more.Through reading popular history books can I understand and remember those ancient complicated events easily.And I often burst into laughter due to the humorous words and expressions.Loaded with brief descriptions,amusing stories and colourful illustrations,this kind of history books will surely attract you.
So I strongly suggest that you have a try to read some popular history books.They won’t let you down!
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 harmonious adj.友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的　panic n.惊恐,恐慌 vi.& vt.(panicked,panicked) (使)惊慌,
(使)惊慌失措　astonish vt.使十分惊讶,使吃惊　exceptional adj.杰出的,优秀的;异常的,罕见的
动作描写 convince vt.使确信,使相信;说服,劝说　navigate vt.航行;导航 vi.导航　load vt.& vi.装上,装入　strengthen vt.& vi.加强,增强　dismiss vt.不予考虑,对……不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散　insist vt.& vi.坚决要求,坚持;坚持说　depart vt.& vi.离开,启程
环境描写 route n.路线,路途;途径,渠道　hell n.地狱;苦难的经历,悲惨的境况　violently adv.猛烈地,厉害地;强烈地,激烈地;凶狠地　cottage n.小屋,村舍
读后续写 微技能之“线” Those who make great discoveries must often overcome challenges along the way.(主旨升华句)
Above their heads,hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles.(明喻)
As bombs thundered all around,clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.(场景描写)
Russell felt his blood freeze,but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck.(动作描写)
They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor,to learn about the attack,to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace.(排比)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 读后续写——险境求生
一个小村舍坐落在森林深处,那里的人们过着宁静和谐的生活。一天,一场猛烈的暴风雨突然来袭。狂风呼啸,大雨滂沱,树木剧烈摇晃,导致人们都陷入了恐慌。一位年轻人迅速决定乘船前往最近的城镇寻求帮助。沿途,他遭遇了许多困难,但他摒弃了放弃的想法。最终,他抵达了城镇,并呼吁人们组织了救援行动。年轻人因其勇敢以及坚持寻求帮助而受到赞誉。此外,城镇和村舍之间也加强了联系,变得更加团结。
读后续写 微技能之“面” A small cottage is located deep in the forest,where people
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.One day,a violent storm suddenly hit.The wind was howling,the rain was pouring down,and the trees were shaking violently,2.　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 .
A young man quickly decided to take a boat to the nearest town
3.　　　　　　　　.Along the way,he encountered many difficulties but 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.Finally,he arrived at the town and appealed to people to organise a rescue operation,for which he was praised because of his bravery and his insistence on seeking help.What’s more,5.
　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　and they have become more united.
live a peaceful and harmonious life　
causing people to fall into panic　
to seek help　
dismissed the thought of giving up　
the connection between the town and the
cottage has also been strengthened
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.convince vt.使确信,使相信;说服,劝说→ adj.确信的→
adj.令人信服的　
2.strengthen vt.& vi.加强,增强→ n.力量;力气→ adj.坚强的;强壮的;猛烈的→ adv.强烈地;坚决地
3.harmonious adj.友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的→ n.协调;和睦→
v.使和谐;使一致→ adv.和谐地;调和地
convinced
convincing
strength
strong
strongly
harmony
harmonize
harmoniously
4.dismiss vt.不予考虑,对……不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散→
n.解雇;开除;撤职;不予考虑
5.acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢→
n.承认;确认;感谢→ adj.公认的;被普遍认可的
6.influential adj.有很大影响力的,有支配力的→ n.影响;有影响的人或事 vt.影响;改变→ adv.有影响地;有力地
dismissal
acknowledgement
acknowledged
influence
influentially
7.financial adj.财政的,金融的,财务的→ n.财政,财政学;金融v.负担经费,筹措资金→ adv.财政上;金融上
8.depart vi.& vt.离开,起程→ n.离开;出发;违背
9.leak vi.漏,渗漏;渗入 vt.漏,渗漏;泄露 n.漏洞→ adj.渗漏的;有漏洞的→ n.泄漏;渗漏
10.extensively adv.广阔地;广泛地→ adj.广泛的;大量的;广阔的→
v.延伸;扩大;伸展→ n.延长;延期;扩大;伸展→
adj.延伸的;扩大的;长期的
finance
financially
departure
leaky
leakage
extensive
extend
extension
extended
11.available adj.可获得的,可找到的;有空的→ n.可用性;有效性;可得到的东西(或人)
12.exceptional adj.杰出的,优秀的;异常的,罕见的→ prep.除……之外→ n.例外;异议→ adv.异常地;特殊地;例外地
13.adopt vt.采用,采取;表决采纳;领养,收养 vi.领养,收养→ n.采用;收养→ adj.被收养的;被采用的→ n.收养者→
n.被收养者
availability
except
exception
exceptionally
adoption
adopted
adopter
adoptee
parison n.对比;比较→ v.比较,对比;把……比作;与……类比→ adj.可比较的;比得上的→ adj.比较的;相当的
15.violently adv.猛烈地,厉害地;强烈地,激烈地;凶狠地→ adj.暴力的;猛烈的→ n.暴力;激烈
16.freeze vi.& vt.(froze,frozen)突然停止,呆住;结冰;冻僵→ n.冰柜;冷冻柜→ adj.冰冻的;极冷的→ adj.冷冻的
compare
comparable
comparative
violent
violence
freezer
freezing
frozen
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　 从……起航
2. 对……有深远影响
3. 坚持做某事
4. 离开……,从……起程
5. 惊慌地,慌乱中
6. 使成为可能;考虑到,
把……计算在内
set sail from
have a far-reaching impact on...
insist on doing sth
depart from
in panic
allow for
7. 理顺,整理;把……安排好
8. 一点儿,少许
9. 吸引某人的兴趣
10. 苏醒,恢复知觉
11. 作为一个整体,总体上
sort out
a touch of
engage sb’s interest
come to oneself
as a whole
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.as+adj./adv.+as
He even sailed (远到) the east coast of Africa.
句式仿写
The athlete runs (一样快) the wind.
as far as
as quickly as
2.并列的现在分词短语作结果状语
Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions,
(促进中国文化的对外传播,也增进中国对海外诸邦的进一步了解).
句式仿写
The sun was shining brightly,
(给天空染上鲜艳的色彩并让世界充满温暖).
exposing foreign people to Chinese culture,
and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands
painting the sky with vivid colours and filling
the world with warmth
3.that引导的同位语从句
In the chaos and confusion after the attack,the US Navy sent a message to his family (路易已经在袭击中遇难).
句式仿写
I have a dream (有一天我能环游世界).
that Louis had been killed in the attack
that one day I can travel around the world
4.动词不定式短语作后置定语
Out of 37 sets of brothers,Russell and his brother were the only full pair
(在袭击中幸存下来).
句式仿写
They discovered a hidden cave
(去躲避即将来临的暴风雨).
to survive the attack
to seek shelter from the approaching storm(共21张PPT)
Unit 3　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Some education experts propose that teachers should take some of the
　　　　(负载) off the students.
2.I think we can safely　　　 　(不予考虑) their objection unless they provide a convincing explanation.
3.The successful experiment is a 　　　　(证明) that the theory is correct.
4.The first experiment failed,but 　　　 　(随后的) trials were successful.
loads
dismiss
proof
subsequent
5.Now this former 　　　　(皇家的) palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.
6.The house is so old that its roof 　　　　(漏) whenever it rains.
7.You should plan your 　　　　(路线) in advance,using main roads as much as possible.
8.She got into a 　　　　(恐慌) when she thought she’d forgotten the tickets.
royal
leaks
route
panic
9.He is 　　 　　(承认) to be one of the best players in the world.
10.Mary 　　　　(坚持说) that she hadn’t done anything wrong and it was unfair that she got punished.
acknowledged
insisted
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.I’m 　　 　　(convince) of her innocence.
2.He was one of the most 　　　 　(influence) performers of modern jazz.
3.There is a severe water 　　　 　(short) in this area,which has seriously affected the daily lives of local residents.
4.The explorers found the lands were alive with an 　　 　　(astonish) variety of wildlife.
convinced
influential
shortage
astonishing
5.Building a 　　 　　(harmony) society needs the active participation of everyone.
6.We must pull our company out of the 　　　 　(finance) crisis as soon as possible.
7.The agreement we have reached will help to 　　　 　(strength) the cooperation between us.
harmonious
financial
strengthen
8.All passengers are required to check in at least an hour before
(depart).
9.The new car is equipped with an advanced 　　 　　 (navigate) system.
10.The 　　 　　(breadth) avenue is lined with tall trees.
departure
navigation
broad
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.他不顾后果,毅然决然地做了那个决定。(regardless of)
He determinedly made that decision,regardless of the consequences.
2.我想代表学生会向学校提出一个问题。(on behalf of)
I’d like to raise a question to the school on behalf of the Student Union.
3.培训计划考虑到了学习速度上的个体差异。(allow for)
The training programme allows for individual differences in learning speed.
4.我们应该学习他们有效沟通的方式。(the way+定语从句)
We should learn the way that they communicate effectively.
5.在花园里盛开的花朵闻起来很香。(现在分词短语作定语)
The flowers blooming in the garden smell fragrant.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
The Sahara Desert is one of the driest places on the Earth,with a sandy and barren landscape,which averages less than 100 millimetres of rainfall each year.So,archaeologists were surprised when they discovered rock art showing boats and cattle in an area not far away from the closest body of water.
“It was surprising to find cattle carved on desert rock walls as they require plenty of water and wide-open grassland,and would not survive in the dry and barren environment of the Sahara Desert today,” said an archaeologist.“The discovery of boat images in the rock art so distant from the Nile River or Red Sea was also surprising.”
Archaeologists believe the discovery of ancient rock art in the Sahara Desert provides clear evidence that this harsh landscape was once a far more hospitable grassland,supporting the theory of a once “Green Sahara”.During this period,the area was a grassy plain with lakes and rivers,sustaining a variety of wildlife and human activities such as cattle herding.However,
changes in African monsoon(季风) patterns transformed the Sahara into the barren desert we know today.Now,only hardy animals like camels and goats can survive there.
The rock art’s detailed carvings suggest that the creators spent plenty of time in the area,further indicating that the region was once supportive of human life.The transition from a “Green Sahara” to a barren desert changed not only the physical landscape but also the cultural and social structures.As the climate grew drier,many residents were forced to migrate closer to the Nile River,contributing to the formation of early urban states and culture.
The discovery offers valuable insight into the changes that have occurred in the Sahara over thousands of years.It highlights the importance of studying ancient handicrafts(手工艺品) to better understand the history of our planet and the impact of climate change on human civilisation.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了考古学家在撒哈拉沙漠发现了展示船只和奶牛的古代岩石艺术,这表明撒哈拉沙漠曾经是一片草原。
(　　)1.Why were archaeologists surprised about the rock art
[A] It was carved on desert rock walls.
[B] It was found close to a body of water.
[C] It has been well preserved in the Sahara Desert.
[D] It displays a different view from the current one.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段可知,撒哈拉沙漠是地球上最干燥的地方之一,年平均降雨量不足100毫米。考古学家发现了展示船只和奶牛的古代岩石艺术。由此可推知,考古学家对岩石艺术感到惊讶是因为它展示了与当前不同的景观。故选D。
(　　)2.What did the ancient rock art indicate
[A] The Sahara Desert used to be a stretch of grassland.
[B] Cattle could survive in the desert before.
[C] The African monsoon had brought much rainfall to the Sahara.
[D] Human activities posed a big threat to the Sahara’s wild animals.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,古代岩石艺术表明了撒哈拉沙漠曾经是一片草原。故选A。
(　　)3.What resulted from the transition from a “Green Sahara” to a barren desert
[A] It forced many residents to leave the Nile River.
[B] It made the region isolated from other states.
[C] It facilitated trade links in that area.
[D] It greatly affected local culture and social patterns.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The transition from a ‘Green Sahara’...
but also the cultural and social structures.”可知,从“绿色撒哈拉”到贫瘠沙漠的转变改变了当地的文化和社会模式。故选D。
(　　)4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
[A] The Origin of the Sahara Desert
[B] The Discovery of Ancient Rock Art
[C] The Role of the Sahara’s Rock Carvings
[D] The Significance of Protecting Ancient Handicrafts
B
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知,本文主要介绍了考古学家在撒哈拉沙漠发现的古代岩石艺术,表明这里曾经是一片草原。B项适合作为本文的标题。故选B。

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