资源简介

(共38张PPT)
V-ing形式
知识点讲解
CONTENT
Lead-in
Observe and Discover
Practice
Summary
Homework
1. review and learn about the forms and functions of -ing;
2. talk about helping the elderly and avoiding accidents in life using the -ing form.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this period, you will be able to:
Look at the video and notice the -ing forms of those words.
Lead-in
A: How can we get smarter
Let’s start by thinking.
B: I am always thinking, but nothing is happening.
A: Thinking is good,
but try learning and reading.
B: Reading, studying. So many books!
A: Yes, keep reading and observing.
You are understanding.
B: I am trying, practicing and creating.
A: Great!
Lead-in
Now start analyzing and solving problems.
B: Analyzing and improving.
I am developing a plan.
A: Don’t stop exploring and discovering new things.
B: I am discovering.
Experimenting is fun.
A: You are mastering it.
Keep applying yourself.
A & B: That is how we get smarter.
Lead-in
我们发现，两人的对话中有很多的V-ing形式，那么，英语中V-ing形式到底怎么用呢？
Lead-in
V-ing形式有哪些作用和功能呢？
Observe and Discover
Now start analyzing and solving problems.
B: Analyzing and improving.
I am developing a plan.
A: Don’t stop exploring and discovering new things.
B: I am discovering.
Experimenting is fun.
A: You are mastering it.
Keep applying yourself.
A & B: That is how we get smarter.
作谓语（进行时） → 现在分词
developing/discovering/mastering
作主语 → 动名词
Experimenting
作宾语 → 动名词
analyzing/exploring/applying
What should the man do to stop the crying
What should the man do to stop the crying
The baby got burnt by a steaming pot. Seeing his arm turning pink, his dad placed the arm under running water while he was comforting him. Removing any clothes and drying the burnt area were necessary.
定语
状语
补语
主语
主语
定语
find the function of the -ing form
Observe and Discover
Observe and Discover
As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to serious injuries.
The first step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
Placing burns under cool running water reduces pains and swelling.
Remove any clothes using scissors unless you see the fabric sticking to the skin.
You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.
宾语
状语
宾补
定语
表语
主语
Observe and Discover
V-ing 包含两类：
现在分词和动名词，二者拼写一样，但句法功能完全不同，
一、V-ing 的两大身份：
1. 动名词（Gerund）
作用 = 名词
可作：主语、宾语、表语
2. 现在分词（Participle）
作用 = 形容词 / 副词
可作：定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语
Observe and Discover
1. 作主语（= 名词，动名词）
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
Learning English takes time.学英语需要花费时间。
要点：
谓语动词用单数
常用句型：It is no use / good doing sth
二、V-ing所作的成分
高频短语：
look forward to doing, be used to doing, devote oneself to doing, object to doing, pay attention to doing（这里的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号）
Observe and Discover
2. 作宾语（= 名词，动名词）
只能接 doing 作宾语的高频动词：
（avoid, mind, enjoy, finish, practice, suggest, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit, deny, risk, appreciate）+ doing
坚持（insist on），喜欢（be fond of），
反对（object to），擅长 （be good at），
导致 （lead to），推迟（put off），放弃（give up），
期待（look forward to），坚持（stick to），想要（feel like），
习惯于（get / be used to），值得（be worth），
注意（pay attention to），梦想 (dream of），
想到（think of），关心（be concerned about），开始做（set about）,
沉迷于（be addicted to），习惯于（be accustomed to），
致力于（devote oneself to），开始认真做 (get down to），贡献 (contribute to）等。
常见的跟v.-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：
动名词：a sleeping bag = bag for sleeping（用途）
现在分词：a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping（正在进行）
3. 作表语
4. 作定语
动名词：My hobby is reading.（说明主语 “是什么”）
现在分词：The film is exciting.（说明主语 “怎么样”）
Observe and Discover
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.（时间）
The fire lasted a week, leaving nothing valuable.（结果）
5. 作状语（现在分词，相当于副词）
可表：时间、原因、伴随、结果、条件、方式
要点：
分词逻辑主语 = 句子主语
主动 / 进行用 doing
Observe and Discover
I saw him playing basketball.
常见动词：see, watch, notice, hear, find, keep, leave, catch
区别：
do：全过程
doing：正在进行
Observe and Discover
6. 作宾语补足语
He is reading.
They have been waiting.
7. 构成进行时态（be doing）
=谓语
1. 主动 vs. 被动：doing vs. being done
I enjoy reading.（主动）
He hates being laughed at.（被动）
三、相关重点
Observe and Discover
2. 一般式 vs. 完成式
doing：与谓语同时或之后
having done：先于谓语动作
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
3. 独立主格结构
分词逻辑主语≠句子主语时，要加自己的主语：
It being Sunday, we stayed at home.
Weather permitting, we’ll go outing.
4. 连词 + doing
可直接用：when / while / if / though + doing
While working, he sings songs.
Observe and Discover
1. to 到底是介词还是不定式？
四、相关难点
Observe and Discover
2. 避免 “悬垂分词”（逻辑主语不一致）
look forward to doing
be used to doing 习惯于
used to do 过去常常
prefer doing to doing
错：Looking out of the window, the tree was green.
对：Looking out of the window, I saw a green tree.
动词 结构 含义 例句
remember remember to do 记得要去做（未做） Remember to call me.
remember doing 记得做过（已做） I remember seeing him.
forget forget to do 忘记要去做 I forgot to bring my key.
forget doing 忘记做过 I forgot telling you.
regret regret to do 遗憾 / 抱歉要做 I regret to say you failed.
regret doing 后悔做了 I regret lying to you.
stop stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 He stopped to smoke.
stop doing 停止正在做的事 Stop smoking.
try try to do 努力 / 尽力做 Try to finish your homework.
try doing 尝试做（看效果） Try pressing this button.
mean mean to do 打算 / 故意做 I didn’t mean to upset you.
mean doing 意味着做 Success means working hard.
go on go on to do 接着做另一件事 He went on to talk about his plan.
go on doing 继续做同一件事 Go on reading.
can’t help can’t help doing 忍不住 / 情不自禁 I can’t help laughing.
3. 有些词既可接 to do 又可接 doing，但意思完全不同
4. 感官动词后 do / doing 的区别
see sb do：看见全过程
see sb doing：看见正在做
5. 否定式：not 放在 doing 前面
Not knowing what to do, he cried.
Observe and Discover
Observe and Discover
2. 能换成 形容词（happy / big…）→ 现在分词
因为它本质是形容词 / 副词。
a running boy
→ a fast boy
这个 -ing 到底是在当 “名词” 用，还是在当 “形容词 / 副词” 用。
一、最快判断法：替换法
1. 能换成 something / it / this → 动名词
因为它本质是名词。
I like swimming.
→ I like something.
通顺 → 现在分词
通顺 → 动名词
Reading is fun.（主语）
I enjoy reading.（宾语）
→ 名词功能 → 动名词
二、按位置判断
He sat there reading.（伴随状语）
I saw him running.（宾补）
→ 修饰动作 → 现在分词
1. 作主语、宾语 → 一定是动名词
2. 作状语、宾补 → 一定是现在分词
Observe and Discover
The film is exciting.
→ 回答 “怎么样” = 形容词 → 现在分词
3. 作表语时怎么分？
My hobby is painting.
→ 回答 “是什么” = 名词 → 动名词
注意系动词
Observe and Discover
口诀：
表用途 = 动名词
表动作 = 现在分词
看它表示用途还是正在做：
a sleeping bag = bag for sleeping（用途）→ 动名词
a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping（动作）→ 现在分词
4. 作定语时怎么分？（难点）
Observe and Discover
1. When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
2. Is there any reason why we are not going to have the first-aid training this week
3. She had been told about the risk of electric shocks and this made her very careful while using hairdryers.
When getting out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
Is there any reason for not having the first-aid training this week
Having been told about the risk of electric shocks, she was very careful while using hairdryers.
用动词-ing形式改写下列句子：
Practice
4. Because the child was not watched carefully by his parents, he touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.
5. After she had been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
Not being watched carefully by his parents, the child touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.
After being / having been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
Practice
用所给单词的正确形式填空：
Mrs. Taylor was an elderly woman __________ (live) alone. One day, she was in her living room cleaning the windows, when suddenly she could no longer feel the right side of her body. __________ (try) to walk to her sofa to sit down, she fell over onto the carpet. Then she realised that she could not get up, and that she was having trouble __________(breathe). Fortunately, she had her mobile phone with her, and she was able to reach it with her left hand while __________ (lie) on the floor. Her mobile phone ________________ (already, set up) to call an emergency number at the push of a button, so it was easy to call for help.
living
Trying
breathing
lying
had already been set up
adj. 年纪较大的；上了年纪的
Practice
While attempting to talk to the operator, Mrs. Taylor discovered that she could not speak. __________ (not, hear) an answer, the operator knew that Mrs. Taylor must be in trouble. Telling Mrs. Taylor that everything would be OK, she immediately sent an ambulance. After __________ (arrive), the ambulance team quickly found Mrs. Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen, put in an Ⅳ needle, and checked her vital signs. _________________ (take) to the hospital and treated immediately, Mrs. Taylor was in no great danger, though she had to stay in the hospital ward. After a week, her __________ (frighten) experience was over, and she was allowed to go home.
Not hearing
arriving
Having been taken
frightening
n. 病房
Practice
Practice
1. What worried the child most was ______ to visit his mother in hospital.
A. his not allowing
B. his not being allowed
C. his being not allowed
D. having not been allowed
2. ______ such heavy pollution already, the river is far beyond repair.
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering
C. To suffer
D. Suffered
解析：动名词复合结构作表语。allow 与逻辑主语 the child 是被动关系，否定词 not 放在 being 前。
B
解析：already 提示动作先于主句发生，用现在分词完成式 Having suffered 作原因状语。
A
Practice
3. I regret ______ you that your application has been turned down.
A. informing
B. to inform
C. to be informed
D. being informed
4. The old man needs ______ carefully.
A. looking after
B. to look after
C. being looked after
D. look after
B
A
解析：regret to do sth. 遗憾地去做某事（多接 tell / inform / say）；regret doing 后悔做过。
解析：need doing = need to be done，主动表被动，“需要被照顾”。
Practice
6. We insisted the problem referred to ______ discussed at once.
A. being
B. be
C. to be
D. been
5. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car ahead.
A. Losing
B. Having lost
C. Lost
D. To lose
解析：referred to 是后置定语，修饰 problem；insist 后从句用 (should) do 虚拟语气，故用 be。
C
B
解析：(be) lost in thought 陷入沉思，过去分词短语作状语，表状态。
以后在句子里看到任何一个 动词 + ing，不要只翻译 “正在……”，
要养成一个固定思考步骤，像破案一样，问自己三个问题：
3.它在句子里充当什么成分？
1.它是谓语，还是非谓语？
2.如果是非谓语，它是动名词，还是现在分词？
Summary
动词-ing形式的功能总结
What should the man do to stop the crying
主语 谓语 表语 宾语 定语 状语 宾补
ing
Summary
→ 第四步：看它在句中做什么成分？
做题思路：
→ 第一步：是不是进行时？（be + doing）
→ 第二步：如果不是谓语，就是非谓语
看到 doing
→ 第三步：判断是动名词还是现在分词
Summary
谓语
非谓语
Homework
1. Organize today’s class notes into a formal framework.
2. Complete the relevant exercises.
THANKS

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