资源简介

(共43张PPT)
Unit 6
Survival
Using language
Learning objectives
1. To know the usage of adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter
2. To use adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter correctly.
3. To know how Robinson Crusoe survived by listening, use expressions asking for, giving opinions and agreeing.
4. To talk about what to do when facing crisis.
Grammar: Adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter
Activity 1 Look at the sentences and answer the questions.
Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
a. Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way.
b. Animals always find towns and cities in their way as they go.
c. No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.
d. Even though he committed many crimes, the police were powerless to arrest him.
1. What is the difference between the sentences in each group
2. What is the meaning of -ever and no matter Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (c)
3. What other words can be combined with -ever and no matter to form adverbial clauses
Activity 1 Look at the sentences and answer the questions.
Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
1. What is the difference between the sentences in each group
The difference between the sentences in each group is that sentences (a) and (c) are more emphatic. Sentences (b) and (d) state facts without any particular emphasis.
emphatic: 强调的；加强语气的
2. What is the meaning of -ever and no matter Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (c)
-ever and no matter mean that something is true or happens in all circumstances. The author uses sentences (a) and (c) to stress that animals cannot avoid towns and cities encroaching upon their habitats, and that the police had no power to arrest the thief, regardless of his crimes.
3. What other words can be combined with -ever and no matter to form adverbial clauses
Words combined with -ever: whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whenever, however. Words combined with no matter: no matter who, no matter whom, no matter what, no matter which, no matter when, no matter where, no matter whether, no matter if, no matter how, etc.
Now look for more sentences with adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter in the reading passage, and summarise their uses in your own words.
Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities, one thing is…
However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it’s important that we get a better understanding of …
However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all – it’s we humans who have moved into their territory.
疑问词 + ever 和 no matter + 疑问词引导的状语从句
“疑问词 + ever” 和“no matter + 疑问词”的语义相同，都意为“无论……, 不管……”,均可引导让步状语从句，在句子中起强调，加强语气的作用，那么“疑问词 + ever”和“no matter + 疑问词”的具体用法是什么？这两个能在任何情况下互换吗？
1.“no matter + 疑问词”可以用来引导让步状语从句，从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后，且从句要用一般时来表将来。
“疑问词 + ever”也可以用来引导让步状语从句， 此时可与“no matter + 疑问词”相互替换。
(No matter how hard you try), loss is something you have to accept. = (However hard you try), loss is something you have to accept.
No matter how hard you try 引导让步状语从句
However hard you try 引导让步状语从句
2.疑问词 + ever 还可用来引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句等名词性从句，从句用陈述句语序。但是 no matter + 疑问词不能引导名词性从句。
上面例句中的 whatever life gives me 为宾语从句，是主句谓语动词 will take 的宾语。引导词 whatever不能换成 no matter what。
翻译：我将会承受生活给我的任何东西。
I will take (whatever life gives me).
总结：
1 ) no matter + 疑问词只能用来引导让步状语从句，此时相当于疑问词 + ever。
2) 疑问词 + ever 还可用来引导名词性从句，如主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句等，此时不能用 no matter + 疑问词替换。
辨析
No matter when you have the problems, I will do everything that I can to help you.
Whatever problems you may face, you have to be brave enough.
Whoever comes late should explain the reason to the head teacher.
下面三个句子中，均有从句，请说明是什么从句，且引导词是什么，哪个从句的引导词可被替换。
a句中，no matter when you have the problems 是由 no matter when 引导的让步状语从句，这里可替换成whenever you have the problems.
c句中，whoever comes late 是由 whoever 引导的主语从句，这里不能替换成 no matter who.
b句中，whatever problems you may face 是 whatever 引导的让步状语从句，这里可替换成 no matter what problems you may face.
Practice
1.无论有多累，我都会坚持到底。
I will hold on to the last no matter how tired I am.
I will hold on to the last however tired I am.
2. 你现在所学的任何东西可能都对将来有所帮助。
Whatever you learn at the moment will be likely to help you later. （whatever you learn 引导的主语从句）
Activity 2 Rewrite the underlined parts using adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter.
1. Whatever past experience you have had / No matter what past experience you have had, please read these survival tips carefully.
1. Regardless of your past experience, please read these survival tips carefully.
2. Leave the area quickly but calmly if a wildfire breaks out at any time.
2. Whenever a wildfire breaks out / No matter when a wildfire breaks out, leave the area quickly but calmly.
3.Whether there are few or many people in your group, don’t split up.
3. No matter how many people there are in your group / However many people there are in your group, don’t split up.
4. Everywhere you go in the wild, take a first aid kit with you.
4. Wherever you go in the wild / No matter where you go in the wild, take a first aid kit with you.
Activity 3 Read the story and complete the sentences using adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter.
At age 12, Jane was diagnosed with a rare and deadly cancer, and was informed that high-risk surgery was her only chance of getting better. Jane received the surgery, and things got extremely hard during the two-year treatment that followed – she couldn’t even remember how many times she was rushed to the ICU. However, she never gave up hope and, thankfully, she survived. Shortly after recovery, she decided to help find out the cause of this disease. In doing so, she took an internship at a medical lab, despite being quite busy with her schoolwork, and invited people to donate tissue samples for research purposes everywhere she went. She is determined to live a fulfilling life regardless of what the future holds, and to try her best to help patients with this cancer recover in spite of the various difficulties she might face.
1.________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ (how), Jane never gave up hope.
2._______________________________________(where), Jane would invite people to donate tissue samples for research purposes.
3. Jane is determined to live a fulfilling life ______________________________________________________. (what).
4.____________________________________________________________________ (what), Jane is determined to help patients recover from this cancer.
No matter how many times she was rushed to the ICU / However many times she was rushed to the ICU
Wherever she went / No matter where she went
no matter what the future holds / whatever the future holds
No matter what difficulties she might face / Whatever difficulties she might face
Activity 4 Think of another survival story and tell the class about it using adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter. Do online research if necessary.
Sample:
Once, a man on a boat met a terrible storm, and he was dumped on an island. There was no food left with him and it was hard for him to survive. No matter how hard it was, he just wanted to try every means to survive. He finally got some fish and made fire with stone and sticks.
Do You Know
There is a very exciting book called The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, whose theme is about survival. Have you read it before Can you remember some stories in that book
Listening & speaking
Before listening
While-listening
1. The story of Robinson Crusoe is a very sad survival story.
2. It takes great patience for Robinson Crusoe to survive on the island.
3. Robinson Crusoe is a clever and optimistic man.
4. Robinson Crusoe’s words are good suggestions when we are faced with a crisis.
5. The most important reason for Robinson Crusoe’s survival is his calmness.
Activity 5 Listen to the conversation and choose the ideas NOT conveyed by the speakers.
Activity 6 Listen again and complete the diagram.
Robinson Crusoe doesn’t
1____________ but
2___________________ from the ship.
lose his head
gets necessary things
Experiences
Qualities
calmness
While-listening
He 3___________________ and
4 ________________to keep himself safe. And he 5____________by rubbing wood together. He makes tools that are important for survival, such as spades 6 ___________ and cups out of clay. He even makes his own clothes by7_______________________
Experiences
Qualities
lives in a cave
builds a fence
makes a fire
out of wood
being wise and 8____________
knowledgeable
sewing animal skins together.
He takes days to 9___________________________
with tools made of wood. After the cave is 10 __________________________________________.He doesn’t 11_____________________
but quickly 12 _______________________________
___________________________________________
widen and deepen his cave
ruined by a landslide / ruined by a fall of earth
patience and
perseverance
feel depressed
redoes the work, using wooden posts to make the cave stronger than before.
14 _____________
He 13_____________________________________
____________________________________, and considers what he enjoys rather than what he wants.
looks more upon the bright side of his condition, and less upon the dark side
positive attitude
Experiences
Qualities
Discussion
Now talk about the qualities that help Robinson Crusoe to survive. Do further research if necessary.
the qualities that help Robinson to survive:
1. calmness
2. being wise and knowledgeable
3. patience and perseverance
4. positive attitude
Sentence patterns that may help you:
It is important / necessary / vital to stay calm, for …
Being wise and knowledgeable is extremely significant, because …
Summary
Activity 7 Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
What do you think …
The way I see it, …
I can’t agree more.
Personally, I think / believe …
I think you are right.
What’s your take on this
I think so, too.
That’s true.
I’m quite impressed…
What surprises me more is…
Asking for opinions Giving opinions Agreeing
Asking for opinions Giving opinions Agreeing
2. What’s your take on this
1. What do you think ...
1. The way I see it ...
2. Personally, I think
/ believe…
1. I can’t agree more.
2. I think you are right.
4. What surprises
me more is …
4. That’s true.
3. I’m quite impressed ...
3. I think so, too.
Activity 8 Read the passage and answer the questions.
Daniel Defoe was an English writer, who is best known for his novel Robinson Crusoe, although he also wrote hundreds of other works. He published Robinson Crusoe in 1719 at the age of 59. Today, it remains one of the most famous tales of survival ever told. Countless readers have been encouraged by Robinson Crusoe’s qualities, which go beyond his survival on a desert island. Such qualities can help us cope in a crisis, no matter what or where it is.
Speaking
2. What can we do when facing such crises
注释：crises: 危机，crisis的复数形式
1. What kinds of crises do you know people are facing in different parts of the world
Show your own answers.
Show your own answers.
Activity 8 Read the passage and answer the questions.
Speaking
Vocabulary building
Background Information
Crises the world faces
Not only should a single person know how to survive in crises, but also this world has to take measures to cope with the crises it faces. What are the crises this world faces
Activity 9 Read the newspaper reports and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
Doctors battle new disease
Doctors are flying to an island off the coast of West Africa after an outbreak of a new disease caused by a flu virus. They will be testing various medicines in a struggle to find a cure.
1. What situations are mentioned in the headlines
2. How do people and organisations react to these crises
Europe Struggles with Heat Wave
Countries in Southern Europe have issued warnings after temperatures rose to 40°C. They advise people to stay indoors and avoid exercise. Swimming pools and beaches are crowded with people trying to cool down.
Country Is Coping With Oil Shortage
The President has announced emergency measures to limit fuel consumption. Meanwhile, scientists are working on energy-saving measures and new fuel sources to supplement oil supplies.
Scientists act to eliminate introduced species from island
Scientists are implementing a three-year programme to kill all rats, cats and foxes that were accidentally introduced to King Island early in the 20th century and are now threatening the survival of local species.
Firefighters bring blaze under control
Local firefighters successfully prevented further spreading of a huge fire caused by high temperatures in the south-west yesterday, after battling for hours in fierce conditions.
1. What situations are mentioned in the headlines
The fifth one tells of the spreading of a huge fire.
The first one tells of an outbreak of a new disease.
The second one reports a heat wave.
The third one tells of an oil shortage.
The fourth one reports the invasion of foreign species on an island.
2. How do people and organisations react to these crises
1) Doctors are flying there and will be testing various medicines to find a cure.
2) Countries which are hit by a heat wave advise people to stay indoors and avoid exercise. Some people go to swimming pools and beaches to cool themselves down.
4) Scientists are carrying out a three-year programme to eliminate the introduced species.
5) Firefighters brought the huge fire under control after battling for hours.
3) The president has announced measures to limit fuel consumption and scientists are finding new measures and fuel sources.
SURVIVOR
SURVIVOR is a new monthly magazine for people interested in ecosystem and disaster management. Each issue looks at some of the most urgent problems of our time. Our first issue has a special focus on 1. fighting against global warming. Temperatures are rising, and nations are failing to 2. respond to it. As islands 3. wrestle with rising sea levels, what is to be done Plus, it also includes a free poster illustrating new plans to 4. get rid of the Ebola virus once and for all. We invite you to read Survivor and learn how we might 5. stop our problems from getting worse!
Activity 10 Read the advertisement and rewrite the underlined expressions with the correct form of the words and expressions in Activity 9.
battling
cope with
struggle with
eliminate
bring our problems under control
Activity 11 Work in pairs. Think of another issue concerning survival and talk about how to deal with it. Use the words and expressions in this section.
A: How do you think people should react to …
B: I think people should keep / stay / be …
A: Yes, but apart from that, I believe it is more important for people to …
B: But what if … / what about …
A: In that case, perhaps we should ...
Now comment on each other’s performances in using the words and expressions.
1. Summarize the usage of adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter and do the relevant exercises.
2. Think about other crises that our world is facing and the ways for it to survive.
Homework

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