语法填空必刷:模拟题 名校联考题 易错考点全突破(原卷版+解析版) 2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

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语法填空必刷:模拟题 名校联考题 易错考点全突破(原卷版+解析版) 2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

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语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破
第一组 语法填空(16题)
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列长难句填空。
1. The integration of robotics into daily life has transformed various ______ (aspect) of individuals’ interaction with technology and their environments.
2. Robots are not just futuristic concepts but present-day tools ______ boost efficiency and productivity through human collaboration to handle complex operations.
3. Humanoid robots, ______ (equip) with artificial intelligence, are increasingly employed in environments such as healthcare, education, and customer service.
4. Their ability ______ (engage) with people on a social level allows them to provide companionship and interactive learning experiences.
5. From robotic vacuum cleaners to advanced programming bots, these robots ______ (design) to improve daily routines and save people’s time.
6. These robots enable individuals to distribute their time and resources more efficiently and focus more on ______ (strategy) and creative efforts.
7. ______ rise of robotics in daily life signifies a technological evolution and represents a fundamental shift in how authority is perceived.
8. Individuals and organizations can position themselves at the forefront of a swiftly advancing world ______ embracing these innovations.
9. The future is here, ______ those who can employ these tools will ______ (true) lead the charge into a new era of productivity.
10. Jord Hammond, a British photographer, first came to live in Chongqing in 2015 and ______ (regard) the city as his second home since then.
11. With cameras and curiosity, he captures the country’s landscapes and people, ______ (reveal) a China that is raw, up-close and deeply human.
12. To him, Chongqing was London on a ______ (complete) different scale — more intense, more layered and more alive.
13. ______ (understand) the city better, he started going on long walks with his camera every day.
14. ______ started as a way to feel more comfortable soon became a daily habit, and eventually, a passion for him.
15. Photography gave him a way to explore, make sense of the surroundings, ______ connect with people and their stories.
16. From the riverbanks to the skyscrapers, the visual contrasts of Chongqing were ______ (remark) and inspired his photography.
第一组 答案及详细核心知识点
1. 答案:aspects (知识点:名词单复数,aspect(方面)是可数名词,前面有形容词various(各种各样的)修饰,various后必须接可数名词复数,故用aspects;核心:various的用法及固定搭配——various + 可数名词复数,表“各种各样的……”,类似的词还有many、several、numerous,后均接可数名词复数;拓展:aspect的常见搭配:different aspects of life(生活的不同方面)、key aspects(关键方面),其单数形式用于“a + 形容词 + aspect of...”,如a crucial aspect of the problem(问题的关键方面)。)
2. 答案:that/which (知识点:限制性定语从句,先行词是tools(工具),指物,在从句中作主语,故可用that或which引导;核心:定语从句中,先行词指物,作主语时,可用that或which,二者可互换,无区别;拓展:若先行词被the only、the very、all等词修饰,只能用that,如This is the only tool that can solve the problem.(这是唯一能解决这个问题的工具。);若为非限制性定语从句,指物只能用which。)
3. 答案:equipped (知识点:非谓语动词中的过去分词,humanoid robots(人形机器人)与equip(配备)之间是被动关系,即“机器人被配备人工智能”,此处用过去分词equipped作后置定语,修饰robots,相当于定语从句which are equipped;核心:过去分词作后置定语,表被动或完成,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,常见结构“名词 + done + 其他成分”,如a girl dressed in red(一个穿红衣服的女孩)、a machine invented by scientists(科学家发明的机器);拓展:equip的常见搭配:equip sth with sth(用某物配备某物),被动形式为be equipped with,如The lab is equipped with advanced equipment.(实验室配备了先进的设备。)
4. 答案:to engage (知识点:非谓语动词中的不定式,ability(能力)后常用不定式作后置定语,构成固定搭配“the ability to do sth”,意为“做某事的能力”;核心:常见后接不定式作后置定语的名词有ability、chance、opportunity、way、time、wish等,如a chance to go abroad(出国的机会)、a way to solve the problem(解决问题的方法);拓展:不定式作后置定语时,若不定式是不及物动词,需补充相应介词,如the ability to communicate with others(与他人沟通的能力),communicate是不及物动词,后需加with。)
5. 答案:are designed (知识点:时态语态,主语these robots(这些机器人)与design(设计)之间是被动关系,即“机器人被设计用来改善日常生活”,且此处描述客观事实,用一般现在时的被动语态;核心:一般现在时被动语态的构成:am/is/are + done,主语是复数robots,故用are designed;拓展:design的常见搭配:design sth to do sth(设计某物用来做某事),被动形式为be designed to do sth,如This app is designed to help people learn English.(这个应用程序是为了帮助人们学习英语而设计的。)
6. 答案:strategic (知识点:词性转换,名词strategy(策略)转换为形容词strategic,作定语,修饰efforts(努力),与creative(创造性的)并列,意为“战略性的努力”;核心:名词变形容词的常见词缀,strategy→strategic(-y变-ic),类似的还有history→historical(历史的)、economy→economic(经济的);拓展:strategy的常见搭配:make a strategy(制定策略)、strategic planning(战略规划),strategic的副词形式是strategically(战略性地),如strategically important areas(战略要地)。)
7. 答案:The (知识点:冠词的用法,此处特指“机器人技术在日常生活中的兴起”,rise(兴起)是可数名词,且后面有of robotics作定语,表特指,故用定冠词The;核心:定冠词The的用法——用于特指某个人或事物,常与后置定语(of短语、定语从句等)连用,表“……的那个/那些”;拓展:rise的常见搭配:the rise of sth(某物的兴起)、on the rise(在上升、在兴起),如the rise of AI(人工智能的兴起)、crime is on the rise(犯罪率在上升)。)
8. 答案:by (知识点:介词的用法,此处by + doing sth表示“通过做某事”,作方式状语,意为“通过拥抱这些创新”;核心:by作介词时,表方式、手段,后接动名词(doing),常见搭配:by working hard(通过努力工作)、by reading(通过阅读);拓展:表“通过某种方式”还可用through,through更侧重“通过某种过程、途径”,by更侧重“通过某种手段、方法”,此处embracing these innovations是一种手段,用by更合适。)
9. 答案:and;truly (知识点:① 并列连词and,连接两个并列分句,前一句“The future is here”(未来已来),后一句“those who can employ these tools will...lead the charge”(那些能使用这些工具的人将……引领潮流),二者是顺承关系,用and连接;② 词性转换,形容词true(真实的)转换为副词truly,作状语,修饰动词lead,意为“真正地引领”;核心:① 并列连词and的用法,连接两个结构完整、语义顺承的分句;② 形容词变副词,一般在词尾加ly,true→truly(注意去e加ly),类似的还有due→duly(适当地)、possible→possibly(可能地);拓展:truly的常见搭配:truly important(真正重要的)、truly understand(真正理解),and还可连接并列的名词、动词、形容词等,如He is tall and strong.(他又高又壮。)
10. 答案:has regarded (知识点:时态,根据时间状语since then(从那以后),可知此处用现在完成时,表示从过去(2015年)开始持续到现在的动作,主语Jord Hammond是第三人称单数,故用has regarded;核心:现在完成时的构成:have/has + done,标志词有since、in the past few years、so far、up to now等,表从过去持续到现在的动作或状态;拓展:regard的常见搭配:regard sth as sth(把某物看作某物),如He regards Chongqing as his second home.(他把重庆看作自己的第二故乡。),现在完成时强调“从过去到现在的状态”,此处指“从2015年到现在一直把重庆当作第二故乡”。)
11. 答案:revealing (知识点:非谓语动词中的现在分词,此处用现在分词revealing作伴随状语,逻辑主语是前面整个句子“he captures the country’s landscapes and people”,与reveal(展现、揭示)之间是主动关系,表“他拍摄风景和人物的同时,展现出一个真实的中国”;核心:现在分词作伴随状语,表主动、同时发生,逻辑主语是句子主语,常放在句子末尾,用逗号与主句隔开,如She walked along the street, singing a song.(她沿着街道走,唱着歌。);拓展:reveal的常见搭配:reveal a secret(泄露秘密)、reveal the truth(揭示真相),此处revealing引导的伴随状语,相当于and reveals。)
12. 答案:completely (知识点:词性转换,形容词complete(完全的)转换为副词completely,作状语,修饰形容词different(不同的),意为“完全不同的”;核心:副词修饰形容词、副词或整个句子,此处completely修饰different,强调程度;拓展:complete的常见用法:complete a task(完成任务)、a complete success(完全的成功),其副词形式completely,类似的还有total→totally(完全地)、absolute→absolutely(绝对地)。)
13. 答案:To understand (知识点:非谓语动词中的不定式,此处用不定式To understand作目的状语,意为“为了更好地了解这座城市”;核心:不定式作目的状语,可位于句首(用逗号与主句隔开)或句末,表“为了……”,常用结构“to do sth, sb do sth”;拓展:若目的状语较长,可用于“in order to do sth”或“so as to do sth”,in order to可位于句首或句末,so as to只能位于句末,如In order to pass the exam, he studied hard.(为了通过考试,他努力学习。)
14. 答案:What (知识点:主语从句,此处What引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,意为“一开始作为让自己更舒适的方式”,整个主语从句作句子的主语,谓语动词是became;核心:What引导主语从句时,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,相当于“the thing that...”,如What he said is true.(他说的话是真的。)= The thing that he said is true.;拓展:常见引导主语从句的连接词还有that、whether、how等,that引导主语从句时,无意义、不充当成分,不能省略,如That he passed the exam made us happy.(他通过了考试,这让我们很开心。)
15. 答案:and (知识点:并列连词and,连接三个并列的不定式“to explore, make sense of the surroundings, and connect with people”,表“探索、理解环境以及与人建立联系”;核心:并列结构中,当有三个或以上并列成分时,最后一个成分前需加and,即“a, b, and c”,避免遗漏;拓展:并列的不定式可省略第二个及以后的to,此处完整形式是“to explore, to make sense of..., and to connect...”,省略to后更简洁,符合英语表达习惯。)
16. 答案:remarkable (知识点:词性转换,动词remark(评论、注意到)转换为形容词remarkable,作表语,意为“非凡的、引人注目的”,此处描述重庆的视觉反差很显著;核心:动词变形容词的常见词缀,remark→remarkable(-remark + -able),表“具有……性质的、值得……的”,类似的还有comfort→comfortable(舒适的)、love→lovable(可爱的);拓展:remarkable的常见搭配:remarkable changes(显著的变化)、remarkable achievements(非凡的成就),其副词形式是remarkably(非凡地),如remarkably beautiful(异常美丽)。)
第一组 举一反三练习题(16题)
结合第一组知识点,完成下列长难句语法填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格。
1. The development of AI technology has changed various ______ (aspect) of people’s work and daily life.
2. Smart phones are not just communication tools but practical devices ______ help people handle daily tasks more efficiently.
3. Modern cars, ______ (equip) with advanced safety systems, are becoming more and more popular among consumers.
4. His ability ______ (solve) difficult problems quickly made him stand out in the company.
5. From smart watches to intelligent speakers, these electronic products ______ (design) to bring convenience to people’s lives.
6. These products enable people to save time and focus more on ______ (strategy) and innovative work.
7. ______ rise of AI technology signifies a new era of technological development and social progress.
8. We can improve our English skills ______ practicing speaking and listening every day.
9. The opportunity is coming, ______ those who can seize it will ______ (true) achieve their dreams.
10. Li Ming, a Chinese teacher, came to this school in 2018 and ______ (regard) it as his own home since then.
11. With a notebook and a pen, she records people’s stories, ______ (reveal) the warmth and kindness in daily life.
12. To me, this book is a ______ (complete) different world — more wonderful, more meaningful and more inspiring.
13. ______ (understand) the problem better, we started doing research and collecting relevant information.
14. ______ started as a small hobby soon became a lifelong passion for the young artist.
15. Reading gives us a way to broaden our horizons, gain knowledge, ______ connect with the world.
16. From the mountains to the rivers, the natural scenery of this area was ______ (remark) and attracted many tourists.
第一组 举一反三答案
1. aspects 2. that/which 3. equipped 4. to solve 5. are designed 6. strategic 7. The 8. by 9. and;truly 10. has regarded 11. revealing 12. completely 13. To understand 14. What 15. and 16. remarkable
第二组 语法填空(16题)
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列长难句填空。
1. At just 20 years old, Wan, a post-2000s Sichuan Opera actress from Chongqing, is breathing new life into the traditional art form by ______ (take) on the iconic role of Lady White.
2. Wan impresses audiences with her ______ (passion) performances and excellent martial arts skills in The Legend of the White Snake.
3. In the rich tradition of Sichuan Opera, roles ______ (distinguish) by character types, each with its own characteristics.
4. The Wudan role, ______ (prefer) by Wan, is reserved for female characters skilled in martial arts and full of courage.
5. This duality of different roles adds depth and excitement ______ the performances of Sichuan Opera.
6. When Wan puts on the fancy costume of Lady White, she ______ (full) illustrates what a Wudan character is.
7. In recent years, traditional Chinese culture has experienced ______ return in popularity, boosted by social media and the Internet.
8. Young ______ (performer) like Wan have taken advantage of online platforms to reach wider audiences.
9. Her short videos ______ highlight the beauty and delicacy of Sichuan Opera have gone viral on the Internet.
10. These short videos have inspired a new-found ______ (appreciate) among young people for classical performances.
11. Laobo, a 68-year-old former Swiss diplomat, has spent 18 years making great ______ (achievement) in China.
12. He created a rich tropical forest ______ (cover) 26 mu within his B&B in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province.
13. When he was young, he studied biology and economics successively, took on various jobs, ______ (participate) in tap water construction projects in Nicaragua.
14. He transformed his B&B, named “Yourantai”, ______ a rubber plantation and initiated his forest-building project in 2003.
15. He busied ______ (him) by collecting the seeds and saplings of tropical species for planting in his B&B.
16. Up to now, over 300 species of tropical trees ______ (house) in his B&B, exceeding the number in Switzerland.
第二组 答案及详细核心知识点
1. 答案:taking (知识点:非谓语动词中的动名词,by是介词,介词后接动名词(doing)作宾语,构成“by doing sth”,表“通过做某事”;核心:介词后必须接动名词,常见的介词有by、in、on、at、for、without等,如by reading(通过阅读)、without speaking(不说话);拓展:take on的常见搭配:take on a role(扮演一个角色)、take on a task(承担一项任务),此处taking on是动名词短语,作by的宾语。)
2. 答案:passionate (知识点:词性转换,名词passion(热情)转换为形容词passionate,作定语,修饰performances(表演),意为“充满热情的表演”;核心:名词变形容词的常见词缀,passion→passionate(-passion + -ate),类似的还有action→active(积极的)、education→educate→educational(教育的);拓展:passion的常见搭配:have a passion for sth(对某物有热情),passionate的副词形式是passionately(热情地),如she performed passionately(她热情地表演)。)
3. 答案:are distinguished (知识点:时态语态,主语roles(角色)与distinguish(区分、辨别)之间是被动关系,即“角色被按照人物类型来区分”,且此处描述客观事实(川剧的传统),用一般现在时的被动语态;核心:一般现在时被动语态的构成:am/is/are + done,主语是复数roles,故用are distinguished;拓展:distinguish的常见搭配:distinguish A from B(区分A和B)、be distinguished by(被……区分开),如These two species are distinguished by their colors.(这两个物种通过颜色来区分。)
4. 答案:preferred (知识点:非谓语动词中的过去分词,the Wudan role(武旦角色)与prefer(偏爱)之间是被动关系,即“武旦角色被 Wan 偏爱”,此处用过去分词preferred作后置定语,修饰the Wudan role,相当于定语从句which is preferred;核心:过去分词作后置定语,表被动,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,与前面第3题的equipped用法一致,可结合记忆;拓展:prefer的常见搭配:prefer A to B(比起B更喜欢A)、prefer to do sth(更喜欢做某事),被动形式为be preferred,如Tea is preferred by many people in China.(中国人大多偏爱茶。)
5. 答案:to (知识点:固定搭配,add sth to sth意为“把某物添加到某物中、给某物增添某物”,此处指“这种双重性给表演增添了深度和趣味性”;核心:add的固定搭配:add to(增添、增加)、add up(加起来)、add up to(总计为),注意区分:add sth to sth(加某物到某物),add to sth(给某物增添),如The rain added to our difficulty.(雨水增加了我们的困难。)
6. 答案:fully (知识点:词性转换,形容词full(完全的、充分的)转换为副词fully,作状语,修饰动词illustrates(诠释、说明),意为“充分地诠释”;核心:形容词变副词,一般在词尾加ly,full→fully,类似的还有careful→carefully(仔细地)、wonderful→wonderfully(精彩地);拓展:full的常见搭配:be full of(充满……),如The room is full of sunshine.(房间里充满了阳光。),fully的常见搭配:fully understand(充分理解)、fully display(充分展示)。)
7. 答案:a (知识点:冠词的用法,return(回归、复兴)是可数名词,此处表示泛指“一次流行的回归”,且return是辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a;核心:不定冠词a用于辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前,表泛指“一个、一次”,不定冠词an用于元音音素开头的可数名词单数前;拓展:return的常见搭配:a return to popularity(重新流行)、in return(作为回报),如a return to traditional values(回归传统价值观)。)
8. 答案:performers (知识点:名词单复数,performer(表演者)是可数名词,前面有形容词young修饰,且此处表示泛指“像 Wan 一样的年轻表演者们”,故用复数形式performers;核心:可数名词复数变化,一般在词尾加s,performer→performers,类似的还有teacher→teachers、student→students;拓展:performer的动词形式是perform(表演、执行),常见搭配:perform a play(表演一出戏)、perform a task(执行一项任务)。)
9. 答案:that/which (知识点:限制性定语从句,先行词是her short videos(她的短视频),指物,在从句中作主语,故可用that或which引导;核心:与第一组第2题知识点一致,先行词指物,作主语时,that和which可互换;拓展:若先行词是物,在从句中作宾语,that/which可省略,如The video (that/which) I watched yesterday was very interesting.(我昨天看的那个视频很有趣。)
10. 答案:appreciation (知识点:词性转换,动词appreciate(欣赏、感激)转换为名词appreciation,作宾语,意为“欣赏、喜爱”;核心:动词变名词的常见词缀,appreciate→appreciation(-ate变-ation),类似的还有celebrate→celebration(庆祝)、donate→donation(捐赠);拓展:appreciate的常见搭配:appreciate sth(欣赏某物)、appreciate doing sth(感激做某事),appreciation的常见搭配:show appreciation for sth(对某物表示欣赏)、in appreciation of(为了感谢)。)
11. 答案:achievements (知识点:名词单复数,achievement(成就)是可数名词,前面有形容词great(伟大的)修饰,且make great achievements是固定搭配,意为“取得伟大的成就”,用复数形式;核心:achievements常用复数形式,表示“多项成就”,类似的还有make efforts(努力)、make progress(进步,progress是不可数名词);拓展:achievement的常见搭配:a great achievement(一项伟大的成就)、academic achievements(学术成就)。)
12. 答案:covering (知识点:非谓语动词中的现在分词,a rich tropical forest(一片茂密的热带森林)与cover(覆盖)之间是主动关系,即“森林覆盖26亩地”,此处用现在分词covering作后置定语,修饰forest,相当于定语从句which covers;核心:现在分词作后置定语,表主动、进行,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,与第一组第11题的revealing用法一致;拓展:cover的常见搭配:cover an area of(覆盖……面积),如The forest covers an area of 100 hectares.(这片森林覆盖了100公顷的面积。)
13. 答案:participated (知识点:并列谓语,句子主语是he,后面有一系列并列的谓语动词:studied、took on、participated,时态一致,均为一般过去时,故用participated;核心:并列谓语的用法,当主语有多个并列的动作时,动词时态要保持一致,中间用逗号隔开,最后一个动词前可加and;拓展:participate的常见搭配:participate in sth(参与某事),如He participated in the meeting yesterday.(他昨天参加了会议。),其名词形式是participation(参与)。)
14. 答案:into (知识点:固定搭配,transform sth into sth意为“把某物转变为某物”,此处指“他把自己的民宿改造成了橡胶种植园”;核心:transform的固定搭配,必须与into连用,表“转变、转化”,类似的还有change sth into sth(把某物变成某物);拓展:transform的常见搭配:transform one’s life(改变某人的生活)、transform the society(改变社会),如Technology has transformed our life into a more convenient one.(科技把我们的生活变得更加便利。)
15. 答案:himself (知识点:反身代词,busy oneself with sth是固定搭配,意为“忙于做某事”,主语是he,故用反身代词himself;核心:反身代词的用法,作宾语时,与主语指代同一人或物,常见搭配:busy oneself with sth、enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、teach oneself(自学);拓展:常见反身代词:myself(我自己)、yourself(你自己)、himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自己)、ourselves(我们自己)、yourselves(你们自己)、themselves(他们自己)。)
16. 答案:have been housed (知识点:时态语态,主语over 300 species of tropical trees(超过300种热带树木)与house(容纳、安置)之间是被动关系,即“树木被安置在民宿里”,且时间状语up to now(到目前为止)表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作,用现在完成时的被动语态;核心:现在完成时被动语态的构成:have/has + been + done,主语是复数species,故用have been housed;拓展:house作动词时,意为“容纳、安置”,常见搭配:house sth/sb(容纳某物/某人),如The hotel can house 200 guests.(这家酒店能容纳200名客人。)
第二组 举一反三练习题(16题)
结合第二组知识点,完成下列长难句语法填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格。
1. At just 19 years old, Li Na, a young Peking Opera actress, is reviving the traditional art by ______ (take) on the role of a classic female character.
2. She impresses the audience with her ______ (passion) singing and wonderful dancing skills.
3. In the traditional culture of Peking Opera, roles ______ (distinguish) by their costumes, facial masks and tones.
4. The Huadan role, ______ (prefer) by many young actresses, is for lively and unmarried young girls.
5. The unique facial masks add charm and mystery ______ the performances of Peking Opera.
6. When she wears the traditional costume, she ______ (full) shows the charm of the Huadan role.
7. In recent years, traditional folk music has experienced ______ return in popularity among young people.
8. Young ______ (performer) like Li Na have used short videos to spread traditional art to more people.
9. Her short videos ______ show the beauty of Peking Opera have become very popular on social media.
10. These videos have inspired a new-found ______ (appreciate) among teenagers for traditional folk art.
11. Mr. Wang, a 70-year-old scholar, has spent 20 years making great ______ (achievement) in protecting traditional culture.
12. He built a small museum ______ (cover) 10 mu to display traditional handicrafts in his hometown.
13. When he was young, he studied history and art successively, took on different jobs, ______ (participate) in the protection of ancient buildings.
14. He transformed an old house into a museum and ______ (initiate) his traditional culture protection project in 2005.
15. He busied ______ (him) by collecting traditional handicrafts and recording folk stories.
16. Up to now, more than 500 pieces of traditional handicrafts ______ (house) in his small museum.
第二组 举一反三答案
1. taking 2. passionate 3. are distinguished 4. preferred 5. to 6. fully 7. a 8. performers 9. that/which 10. appreciation 11. achievements 12. covering 13. participated 14. initiated 15. himself 16. have been housed
语法知识点总结(详细版)
一、词性转换(高频考点,贯穿两组练习,重点突破)
词性转换是语法填空的核心考点,占比极高,主要考查动词、名词、形容词、副词之间的转换,需掌握常见词缀及用法,结合例句记忆,形成系统知识网络,方便背诵和灵活运用,以下按转换类型分类,结合本组练习重点讲解,避免孤立记忆。
1. 名词→形容词(核心转换,两组均重点考查)
(1)名词 + -ate:passion(热情,名词)→ passionate(充满热情的,形容词),类似词:action→active(积极的)、education→educational(教育的)、celebrate→celebratory(庆祝的)。
(2)名词 + -ic/-ical:strategy(策略,名词)→ strategic(战略性的,形容词),类似词:history→historical(历史的)、economy→economic(经济的)、politics→political(政治的)。
(3)动词 + -able/-ible:remark(评论,动词)→ remarkable(非凡的,形容词),类似词:comfort→comfortable(舒适的)、love→lovable(可爱的)、eat→eatable(可食用的)、access→accessible(可获得的)。
(4)特殊转换:full(完全的,形容词)→ fully(充分地,副词),true(真实的,形容词)→ truly(真正地,副词),注意去e加ly;complete(完全的,形容词)→ completely(完全地,副词),直接加ly。
2. 动词→名词(高频转换,重点记忆词缀)
(1)动词 + -ation/-ion:appreciate(欣赏,动词)→ appreciation(欣赏,名词),类似词:celebrate→celebration(庆祝)、donate→donation(捐赠)、invite→invitation(邀请)、operate→operation(操作)。
(2)动词 + -ment:achieve(实现,动词)→ achievement(成就,名词),类似词:develop→development(发展)、improve→improvement(改善)、argue→argument(争论)。
(3)特殊转换:participate(参与,动词)→ participation(参与,名词),需去掉e加-ation;perform(表演,动词)→ performer(表演者,名词),加-er表“做某事的人”。
3. 形容词→副词(基础转换,必掌握)
(1)规则变化:形容词 + ly,如passionate→passionately(热情地)、strategic→strategically(战略性地)、remarkable→remarkably(非凡地)、careful→carefully(仔细地)。
(2)特殊变化:以“e”结尾的形容词,去e加ly,如true→truly、due→duly;以“y”结尾的形容词,变y为i加ly,如happy→happily、busy→busily(本组未涉及,补充记忆,避免遗漏);以“le”结尾的形容词,去e加y,如simple→simply、terrible→terribly。
4. 核心易错点(重点标记,避免出错)
① 区分“可数名词转换”与“不可数名词转换”:achievement(成就)是可数名词,常用复数achievements;appreciation(欣赏)是不可数名词,无复数形式;popularity(流行)、knowledge(知识)、advice(建议)均为不可数名词,不能加s。
② 词缀记忆误区:不要混淆“-able”和“-ible”,二者均表“可……的、具有……性质的”,但搭配不同,如“舒适的”是comfortable,不是comfortible;“可访问的”是accessible,不是accessable。
③ 词性转换后的搭配:形容词修饰名词(passionate performances)、副词修饰动词(fully illustrates)或形容词(completely different),避免词性误用,如不能说“passion performances”“full illustrates”。
二、非谓语动词(核心难点,两组均重点考查,思维引领突破)
非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done),核心解题思维:先判断“逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系(主动/被动)”,再判断“动作的状态(进行/完成/将来)”,最后结合句子成分(状语、定语)确定用法,以下结合本组练习逐一讲解,形成解题方法。
1. 不定式(to do)的核心用法(两组均涉及,重点掌握)
(1)作目的状语:译为“为了……”,可位于句首(用逗号与主句隔开)或句末,解题关键:看到“为了做某事”,直接用不定式to do。例:To understand the city better(为了更好地了解这座城市)、To solve the problem(为了解决这个问题)。
(2)作后置定语:修饰名词(ability、chance、opportunity、way等),构成固定搭配“名词 + to do”,表“……的能力/机会/方式”,解题关键:看到这些名词,后面接不定式。例:the ability to engage(交流的能力)、the way to solve the problem(解决问题的方法)。
(3)易错点:① 不定式作后置定语时,若不定式是不及物动词,需补充相应介词,如the ability to communicate with others(与他人沟通的能力),communicate是不及物动词,后加with;② 并列不定式可省略第二个及以后的to,如to explore, make sense of..., and connect...(探索、理解……以及连接……)。
2. 现在分词(doing)的核心用法(两组均涉及,重点突破)
(1)作伴随状语:逻辑主语是句子主语,与doing之间是主动关系,表“同时发生”,解题关键:句子主语与非谓语动词是“主动做某事”,且动作同时进行,用doing。例:revealing a China(展现一个中国)、singing a song(唱着歌)。
(2)作后置定语:修饰名词,与名词之间是主动关系,表“主动、进行”,解题关键:被修饰的名词与非谓语动词是“主动做某事”,用doing。例:a forest covering 26 mu(一片覆盖26亩的森林)、a boy running on the playground(一个在操场上跑步的男孩)。
(3)作介词宾语:介词(by、in、without等)后接动名词doing,解题关键:看到介词,后面直接接doing。例:by taking on a role(通过扮演一个角色)、without speaking(不说话)。
(4)易错点:现在分词作状语时,逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致,否则会出现“悬垂结构”,如Wrong:Seeing the beautiful scenery, my heart was filled with joy. Right:Seeing the beautiful scenery, I felt my heart filled with joy.(逻辑主语一致,都是I)。
3. 过去分词(done)的核心用法(两组均涉及,重点掌握)
(1)作后置定语:修饰名词,与名词之间是被动关系,表“被……的”,解题关键:被修饰的名词与非谓语动词是“被做某事”,用done,相当于定语从句which is done。例:humanoid robots equipped with AI(配备人工智能的人形机器人)、the Wudan role preferred by Wan(被Wan偏爱的武旦角色)。
(2)易错点:过去分词作后置定语,与现在分词作后置定语的区别:主动用doing,被动用done,如a boy running(主动,男孩在跑)、a boy beaten by his father(被动,男孩被父亲打)。
4. 解题思维引领(教会学生如何判断)
拿到非谓语动词题目,按以下三步解题:① 找逻辑主语(非谓语动词修饰的名词或句子主语);② 判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系(主动→doing/to do;被动→done);③ 判断动作状态(将来→to do;同时进行→doing;完成→done),结合句子成分确定最终答案。
三、定语从句(高频难点,两组均重点考查,系统梳理)
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,核心解题思维:找先行词→判断先行词在从句中的成分→选择合适的关系词,本组练习重点考查限制性定语从句,以下系统梳理知识点,结合例句记忆,方便背诵。
1. 核心关系词的用法(重点区分that/which/who/whose)
(1)that/which:先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,二者可互换(限制性定语从句中);例:tools that/which boost efficiency(提高效率的工具)、videos that/which highlight the beauty(展现美的视频)。
(2)who:先行词指人,在从句中作主语;例:people who love traditional art(热爱传统艺术的人)、performers who spread Peking Opera(传播京剧的表演者)。
(3)whose:先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语,意为“……的”;例:a girl whose mother is a teacher(一个妈妈是老师的女孩)、a house whose windows are broken(一个窗户破了的房子)(本组未涉及,补充记忆)。
2. 限制性定语从句的核心特点
① 无逗号与主句隔开,修饰限定先行词,不能省略,否则句子意思不完整;② 先行词指物,作主语或宾语时,可用that或which;③ 先行词指人,作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom(可省略)。
3. 易错点(重点标记,避免混淆)
① 先行词是物,在从句中作宾语时,that/which可省略,如The video (that/which) I watched was interesting.(我看的那个视频很有趣。)
② 非限制性定语从句中,指物只能用which,不能用that,且有逗号与主句隔开,如The video, which I watched yesterday, was interesting.(我昨天看的那个视频,很有趣。)(本组未涉及,补充拓展,完善知识网络)。
③ 先行词被the only、the very、all、every等词修饰时,只能用that,不能用which,如This is the only tool that can solve the problem.(这是唯一能解决这个问题的工具。)
四、时态和语态(基础考点,重点突破被动语态和现在完成时)
时态和语态的核心解题思维:先判断“动作发生的时间”(确定时态),再判断“主语与动作的关系”(确定主动/被动),本组练习重点考查一般现在时被动、现在完成时、现在完成时被动,以下结合练习逐一讲解,结合时间状语记忆,降低记忆难度。
1. 一般现在时(被动语态)
(1)标志词:无明确时间状语、描述客观事实、习惯性动作;(2)结构:am/is/are + done;(3)例句:roles are distinguished by character types(角色被按照人物类型区分)、robots are designed to improve daily routines(机器人被设计用来改善日常生活)。
(4)易错点:主语是复数时,用are done;主语是单数或不可数名词时,用is done,如The book is written by a famous writer.(这本书是一位著名作家写的。)
2. 现在完成时(主动语态)
(1)标志词:since、since then、in the past few years、so far、up to now等;(2)结构:have/has + done;(3)例句:he has regarded the city as his second home(他把重庆当作第二故乡)、traditional culture has experienced a return in popularity(传统文化重新流行)。
(4)易错点:① 主语是第三人称单数时,用has done;复数用have done;② 现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语(yesterday、last year、in 2020等)连用,如不能说He has visited Chongqing yesterday.(应改为He visited Chongqing yesterday.)
3. 现在完成时(被动语态)
(1)标志词:so far、up to now、in the past few years等;(2)结构:have/has + been + done;(3)例句:over 300 species of tropical trees have been housed in his B&B(超过300种热带树木被安置在他的民宿里)。
(4)易错点:牢记结构“have/has + been + done”,不要遗漏been,如不能说trees have housed(应改为trees have been housed)。
4. 一般过去时(并列谓语)
(1)标志词:when he was young、in 2003、yesterday等;(2)用法:主语有多个并列的过去动作时,动词时态保持一致,均用一般过去时;(3)例句:he studied biology, took on jobs, participated in projects(他学习生物、承担工作、参与项目)。
(4)易错点:不规则动词的过去式,如participate→participated、take→took、study→studied、begin→began(补充常见不规则动词,方便背诵:go→went、see→saw、eat→ate、do→did)。
五、冠词(基础考点,重点突破a/an/the的用法)
冠词的核心是“泛指”和“特指”,解题关键:判断所修饰的名词是“泛指”还是“特指”,结合名词发音(辅音/元音音素开头)选择a/an,以下结合本组练习重点讲解,避免易错点。
1. 不定冠词a/an(表泛指)
(1)a:用于辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前,表“一个、一次”;例:a return in popularity(一次流行的回归)、a rubber plantation(一个橡胶种植园)、a B&B(一家民宿)。
(2)an:用于元音音素开头的可数名词单数前,表“一个、一次”;例:an hour(一小时)、an honest man(一个诚实的人)、an interesting video(一个有趣的视频)(本组未涉及,补充记忆)。
(3)易错点:① 复合形容词或短语的发音判断:如one-month,one是辅音音素/ w n /开头,用a;② 以元音字母开头但发音为辅音的单词,用a,如a university(一所大学)、a European(一个欧洲人);③ 以辅音字母开头但发音为元音的单词,用an,如an hour、an honest man。
2. 定冠词The(表特指)
(1)用法:用于特指某个人或事物,常与后置定语(of短语、定语从句等)连用,表“……的那个/那些”;例:the rise of robotics(机器人技术的兴起)、the beauty of Sichuan Opera(川剧的美)。(2)易错点:① 序数词、形容词最高级前必须用The,如the first day(第一天)、the most important thing(最重要的事);② 世界上独一无二的事物前用The,如the sun(太阳)、the moon(月亮)、the earth(地球);③ 乐器前用The,如play the piano(弹钢琴)、play the violin(拉小提琴);④ 江河湖海、山脉、群岛前用The,如the Yangtze River(长江)、the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)。
2语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破
第一组 语法填空(16题)
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列长难句填空。
1. The integration of robotics into daily life has transformed various ______ (aspect) of individuals’ interaction with technology and their environments.
2. Robots are not just futuristic concepts but present-day tools ______ boost efficiency and productivity through human collaboration to handle complex operations.
3. Humanoid robots, ______ (equip) with artificial intelligence, are increasingly employed in environments such as healthcare, education, and customer service.
4. Their ability ______ (engage) with people on a social level allows them to provide companionship and interactive learning experiences.
5. From robotic vacuum cleaners to advanced programming bots, these robots ______ (design) to improve daily routines and save people’s time.
6. These robots enable individuals to distribute their time and resources more efficiently and focus more on ______ (strategy) and creative efforts.
7. ______ rise of robotics in daily life signifies a technological evolution and represents a fundamental shift in how authority is perceived.
8. Individuals and organizations can position themselves at the forefront of a swiftly advancing world ______ embracing these innovations.
9. The future is here, ______ those who can employ these tools will ______ (true) lead the charge into a new era of productivity.
10. Jord Hammond, a British photographer, first came to live in Chongqing in 2015 and ______ (regard) the city as his second home since then.
11. With cameras and curiosity, he captures the country’s landscapes and people, ______ (reveal) a China that is raw, up-close and deeply human.
12. To him, Chongqing was London on a ______ (complete) different scale — more intense, more layered and more alive.
13. ______ (understand) the city better, he started going on long walks with his camera every day.
14. ______ started as a way to feel more comfortable soon became a daily habit, and eventually, a passion for him.
15. Photography gave him a way to explore, make sense of the surroundings, ______ connect with people and their stories.
16. From the riverbanks to the skyscrapers, the visual contrasts of Chongqing were ______ (remark) and inspired his photography.
第一组 举一反三练习题(16题)
结合第一组知识点,完成下列长难句语法填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格。
1. The development of AI technology has changed various ______ (aspect) of people’s work and daily life.
2. Smart phones are not just communication tools but practical devices ______ help people handle daily tasks more efficiently.
3. Modern cars, ______ (equip) with advanced safety systems, are becoming more and more popular among consumers.
4. His ability ______ (solve) difficult problems quickly made him stand out in the company.
5. From smart watches to intelligent speakers, these electronic products ______ (design) to bring convenience to people’s lives.
6. These products enable people to save time and focus more on ______ (strategy) and innovative work.
7. ______ rise of AI technology signifies a new era of technological development and social progress.
8. We can improve our English skills ______ practicing speaking and listening every day.
9. The opportunity is coming, ______ those who can seize it will ______ (true) achieve their dreams.
10. Li Ming, a Chinese teacher, came to this school in 2018 and ______ (regard) it as his own home since then.
11. With a notebook and a pen, she records people’s stories, ______ (reveal) the warmth and kindness in daily life.
12. To me, this book is a ______ (complete) different world — more wonderful, more meaningful and more inspiring.
13. ______ (understand) the problem better, we started doing research and collecting relevant information.
14. ______ started as a small hobby soon became a lifelong passion for the young artist.
15. Reading gives us a way to broaden our horizons, gain knowledge, ______ connect with the world.
16. From the mountains to the rivers, the natural scenery of this area was ______ (remark) and attracted many tourists.
第二组 语法填空(16题)
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列长难句填空。
1. At just 20 years old, Wan, a post-2000s Sichuan Opera actress from Chongqing, is breathing new life into the traditional art form by ______ (take) on the iconic role of Lady White.
2. Wan impresses audiences with her ______ (passion) performances and excellent martial arts skills in The Legend of the White Snake.
3. In the rich tradition of Sichuan Opera, roles ______ (distinguish) by character types, each with its own characteristics.
4. The Wudan role, ______ (prefer) by Wan, is reserved for female characters skilled in martial arts and full of courage.
5. This duality of different roles adds depth and excitement ______ the performances of Sichuan Opera.
6. When Wan puts on the fancy costume of Lady White, she ______ (full) illustrates what a Wudan character is.
7. In recent years, traditional Chinese culture has experienced ______ return in popularity, boosted by social media and the Internet.
8. Young ______ (performer) like Wan have taken advantage of online platforms to reach wider audiences.
9. Her short videos ______ highlight the beauty and delicacy of Sichuan Opera have gone viral on the Internet.
10. These short videos have inspired a new-found ______ (appreciate) among young people for classical performances.
11. Laobo, a 68-year-old former Swiss diplomat, has spent 18 years making great ______ (achievement) in China.
12. He created a rich tropical forest ______ (cover) 26 mu within his B&B in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province.
13. When he was young, he studied biology and economics successively, took on various jobs, ______ (participate) in tap water construction projects in Nicaragua.
14. He transformed his B&B, named “Yourantai”, ______ a rubber plantation and initiated his forest-building project in 2003.
15. He busied ______ (him) by collecting the seeds and saplings of tropical species for planting in his B&B.
16. Up to now, over 300 species of tropical trees ______ (house) in his B&B, exceeding the number in Switzerland.
第二组 举一反三练习题(16题)
结合第二组知识点,完成下列长难句语法填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格。
1. At just 19 years old, Li Na, a young Peking Opera actress, is reviving the traditional art by ______ (take) on the role of a classic female character.
2. She impresses the audience with her ______ (passion) singing and wonderful dancing skills.
3. In the traditional culture of Peking Opera, roles ______ (distinguish) by their costumes, facial masks and tones.
4. The Huadan role, ______ (prefer) by many young actresses, is for lively and unmarried young girls.
5. The unique facial masks add charm and mystery ______ the performances of Peking Opera.
6. When she wears the traditional costume, she ______ (full) shows the charm of the Huadan role.
7. In recent years, traditional folk music has experienced ______ return in popularity among young people.
8. Young ______ (performer) like Li Na have used short videos to spread traditional art to more people.
9. Her short videos ______ show the beauty of Peking Opera have become very popular on social media.
10. These videos have inspired a new-found ______ (appreciate) among teenagers for traditional folk art.
11. Mr. Wang, a 70-year-old scholar, has spent 20 years making great ______ (achievement) in protecting traditional culture.
12. He built a small museum ______ (cover) 10 mu to display traditional handicrafts in his hometown.
13. When he was young, he studied history and art successively, took on different jobs, ______ (participate) in the protection of ancient buildings.
14. He transformed an old house into a museum and ______ (initiate) his traditional culture protection project in 2005.
15. He busied ______ (him) by collecting traditional handicrafts and recording folk stories.
16. Up to now, more than 500 pieces of traditional handicrafts ______ (house) in his small museum.
语法知识点总结(详细版)
一、词性转换(高频考点,贯穿两组练习,重点突破)
词性转换是语法填空的核心考点,占比极高,主要考查动词、名词、形容词、副词之间的转换,需掌握常见词缀及用法,结合例句记忆,形成系统知识网络,方便背诵和灵活运用,以下按转换类型分类,结合本组练习重点讲解,避免孤立记忆。
1. 名词→形容词(核心转换,两组均重点考查)
(1)名词 + -ate:passion(热情,名词)→ passionate(充满热情的,形容词),类似词:action→active(积极的)、education→educational(教育的)、celebrate→celebratory(庆祝的)。
(2)名词 + -ic/-ical:strategy(策略,名词)→ strategic(战略性的,形容词),类似词:history→historical(历史的)、economy→economic(经济的)、politics→political(政治的)。
(3)动词 + -able/-ible:remark(评论,动词)→ remarkable(非凡的,形容词),类似词:comfort→comfortable(舒适的)、love→lovable(可爱的)、eat→eatable(可食用的)、access→accessible(可获得的)。
(4)特殊转换:full(完全的,形容词)→ fully(充分地,副词),true(真实的,形容词)→ truly(真正地,副词),注意去e加ly;complete(完全的,形容词)→ completely(完全地,副词),直接加ly。
2. 动词→名词(高频转换,重点记忆词缀)
(1)动词 + -ation/-ion:appreciate(欣赏,动词)→ appreciation(欣赏,名词),类似词:celebrate→celebration(庆祝)、donate→donation(捐赠)、invite→invitation(邀请)、operate→operation(操作)。
(2)动词 + -ment:achieve(实现,动词)→ achievement(成就,名词),类似词:develop→development(发展)、improve→improvement(改善)、argue→argument(争论)。
(3)特殊转换:participate(参与,动词)→ participation(参与,名词),需去掉e加-ation;perform(表演,动词)→ performer(表演者,名词),加-er表“做某事的人”。
3. 形容词→副词(基础转换,必掌握)
(1)规则变化:形容词 + ly,如passionate→passionately(热情地)、strategic→strategically(战略性地)、remarkable→remarkably(非凡地)、careful→carefully(仔细地)。
(2)特殊变化:以“e”结尾的形容词,去e加ly,如true→truly、due→duly;以“y”结尾的形容词,变y为i加ly,如happy→happily、busy→busily(本组未涉及,补充记忆,避免遗漏);以“le”结尾的形容词,去e加y,如simple→simply、terrible→terribly。
4. 核心易错点(重点标记,避免出错)
① 区分“可数名词转换”与“不可数名词转换”:achievement(成就)是可数名词,常用复数achievements;appreciation(欣赏)是不可数名词,无复数形式;popularity(流行)、knowledge(知识)、advice(建议)均为不可数名词,不能加s。
② 词缀记忆误区:不要混淆“-able”和“-ible”,二者均表“可……的、具有……性质的”,但搭配不同,如“舒适的”是comfortable,不是comfortible;“可访问的”是accessible,不是accessable。
③ 词性转换后的搭配:形容词修饰名词(passionate performances)、副词修饰动词(fully illustrates)或形容词(completely different),避免词性误用,如不能说“passion performances”“full illustrates”。
二、非谓语动词(核心难点,两组均重点考查,思维引领突破)
非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done),核心解题思维:先判断“逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系(主动/被动)”,再判断“动作的状态(进行/完成/将来)”,最后结合句子成分(状语、定语)确定用法,以下结合本组练习逐一讲解,形成解题方法。
1. 不定式(to do)的核心用法(两组均涉及,重点掌握)
(1)作目的状语:译为“为了……”,可位于句首(用逗号与主句隔开)或句末,解题关键:看到“为了做某事”,直接用不定式to do。例:To understand the city better(为了更好地了解这座城市)、To solve the problem(为了解决这个问题)。
(2)作后置定语:修饰名词(ability、chance、opportunity、way等),构成固定搭配“名词 + to do”,表“……的能力/机会/方式”,解题关键:看到这些名词,后面接不定式。例:the ability to engage(交流的能力)、the way to solve the problem(解决问题的方法)。
(3)易错点:① 不定式作后置定语时,若不定式是不及物动词,需补充相应介词,如the ability to communicate with others(与他人沟通的能力),communicate是不及物动词,后加with;② 并列不定式可省略第二个及以后的to,如to explore, make sense of..., and connect...(探索、理解……以及连接……)。
2. 现在分词(doing)的核心用法(两组均涉及,重点突破)
(1)作伴随状语:逻辑主语是句子主语,与doing之间是主动关系,表“同时发生”,解题关键:句子主语与非谓语动词是“主动做某事”,且动作同时进行,用doing。例:revealing a China(展现一个中国)、singing a song(唱着歌)。
(2)作后置定语:修饰名词,与名词之间是主动关系,表“主动、进行”,解题关键:被修饰的名词与非谓语动词是“主动做某事”,用doing。例:a forest covering 26 mu(一片覆盖26亩的森林)、a boy running on the playground(一个在操场上跑步的男孩)。
(3)作介词宾语:介词(by、in、without等)后接动名词doing,解题关键:看到介词,后面直接接doing。例:by taking on a role(通过扮演一个角色)、without speaking(不说话)。
(4)易错点:现在分词作状语时,逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致,否则会出现“悬垂结构”,如Wrong:Seeing the beautiful scenery, my heart was filled with joy. Right:Seeing the beautiful scenery, I felt my heart filled with joy.(逻辑主语一致,都是I)。
3. 过去分词(done)的核心用法(两组均涉及,重点掌握)
(1)作后置定语:修饰名词,与名词之间是被动关系,表“被……的”,解题关键:被修饰的名词与非谓语动词是“被做某事”,用done,相当于定语从句which is done。例:humanoid robots equipped with AI(配备人工智能的人形机器人)、the Wudan role preferred by Wan(被Wan偏爱的武旦角色)。
(2)易错点:过去分词作后置定语,与现在分词作后置定语的区别:主动用doing,被动用done,如a boy running(主动,男孩在跑)、a boy beaten by his father(被动,男孩被父亲打)。
4. 解题思维引领(教会学生如何判断)
拿到非谓语动词题目,按以下三步解题:① 找逻辑主语(非谓语动词修饰的名词或句子主语);② 判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系(主动→doing/to do;被动→done);③ 判断动作状态(将来→to do;同时进行→doing;完成→done),结合句子成分确定最终答案。
三、定语从句(高频难点,两组均重点考查,系统梳理)
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,核心解题思维:找先行词→判断先行词在从句中的成分→选择合适的关系词,本组练习重点考查限制性定语从句,以下系统梳理知识点,结合例句记忆,方便背诵。
1. 核心关系词的用法(重点区分that/which/who/whose)
(1)that/which:先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,二者可互换(限制性定语从句中);例:tools that/which boost efficiency(提高效率的工具)、videos that/which highlight the beauty(展现美的视频)。
(2)who:先行词指人,在从句中作主语;例:people who love traditional art(热爱传统艺术的人)、performers who spread Peking Opera(传播京剧的表演者)。
(3)whose:先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语,意为“……的”;例:a girl whose mother is a teacher(一个妈妈是老师的女孩)、a house whose windows are broken(一个窗户破了的房子)(本组未涉及,补充记忆)。
2. 限制性定语从句的核心特点
① 无逗号与主句隔开,修饰限定先行词,不能省略,否则句子意思不完整;② 先行词指物,作主语或宾语时,可用that或which;③ 先行词指人,作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom(可省略)。
3. 易错点(重点标记,避免混淆)
① 先行词是物,在从句中作宾语时,that/which可省略,如The video (that/which) I watched was interesting.(我看的那个视频很有趣。)
② 非限制性定语从句中,指物只能用which,不能用that,且有逗号与主句隔开,如The video, which I watched yesterday, was interesting.(我昨天看的那个视频,很有趣。)(本组未涉及,补充拓展,完善知识网络)。
③ 先行词被the only、the very、all、every等词修饰时,只能用that,不能用which,如This is the only tool that can solve the problem.(这是唯一能解决这个问题的工具。)
四、时态和语态(基础考点,重点突破被动语态和现在完成时)
时态和语态的核心解题思维:先判断“动作发生的时间”(确定时态),再判断“主语与动作的关系”(确定主动/被动),本组练习重点考查一般现在时被动、现在完成时、现在完成时被动,以下结合练习逐一讲解,结合时间状语记忆,降低记忆难度。
1. 一般现在时(被动语态)
(1)标志词:无明确时间状语、描述客观事实、习惯性动作;(2)结构:am/is/are + done;(3)例句:roles are distinguished by character types(角色被按照人物类型区分)、robots are designed to improve daily routines(机器人被设计用来改善日常生活)。
(4)易错点:主语是复数时,用are done;主语是单数或不可数名词时,用is done,如The book is written by a famous writer.(这本书是一位著名作家写的。)
2. 现在完成时(主动语态)
(1)标志词:since、since then、in the past few years、so far、up to now等;(2)结构:have/has + done;(3)例句:he has regarded the city as his second home(他把重庆当作第二故乡)、traditional culture has experienced a return in popularity(传统文化重新流行)。
(4)易错点:① 主语是第三人称单数时,用has done;复数用have done;② 现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语(yesterday、last year、in 2020等)连用,如不能说He has visited Chongqing yesterday.(应改为He visited Chongqing yesterday.)
3. 现在完成时(被动语态)
(1)标志词:so far、up to now、in the past few years等;(2)结构:have/has + been + done;(3)例句:over 300 species of tropical trees have been housed in his B&B(超过300种热带树木被安置在他的民宿里)。
(4)易错点:牢记结构“have/has + been + done”,不要遗漏been,如不能说trees have housed(应改为trees have been housed)。
4. 一般过去时(并列谓语)
(1)标志词:when he was young、in 2003、yesterday等;(2)用法:主语有多个并列的过去动作时,动词时态保持一致,均用一般过去时;(3)例句:he studied biology, took on jobs, participated in projects(他学习生物、承担工作、参与项目)。
(4)易错点:不规则动词的过去式,如participate→participated、take→took、study→studied、begin→began(补充常见不规则动词,方便背诵:go→went、see→saw、eat→ate、do→did)。
五、冠词(基础考点,重点突破a/an/the的用法)
冠词的核心是“泛指”和“特指”,解题关键:判断所修饰的名词是“泛指”还是“特指”,结合名词发音(辅音/元音音素开头)选择a/an,以下结合本组练习重点讲解,避免易错点。
1. 不定冠词a/an(表泛指)
(1)a:用于辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前,表“一个、一次”;例:a return in popularity(一次流行的回归)、a rubber plantation(一个橡胶种植园)、a B&B(一家民宿)。
(2)an:用于元音音素开头的可数名词单数前,表“一个、一次”;例:an hour(一小时)、an honest man(一个诚实的人)、an interesting video(一个有趣的视频)(本组未涉及,补充记忆)。
(3)易错点:① 复合形容词或短语的发音判断:如one-month,one是辅音音素/ w n /开头,用a;② 以元音字母开头但发音为辅音的单词,用a,如a university(一所大学)、a European(一个欧洲人);③ 以辅音字母开头但发音为元音的单词,用an,如an hour、an honest man。
2. 定冠词The(表特指)
(1)用法:用于特指某个人或事物,常与后置定语(of短语、定语从句等)连用,表“……的那个/那些”;例:the rise of robotics(机器人技术的兴起)、the beauty of Sichuan Opera(川剧的美)。(2)易错点:① 序数词、形容词最高级前必须用The,如the first day(第一天)、the most important thing(最重要的事);② 世界上独一无二的事物前用The,如the sun(太阳)、the moon(月亮)、the earth(地球);③ 乐器前用The,如play the piano(弹钢琴)、play the violin(拉小提琴);④ 江河湖海、山脉、群岛前用The,如the Yangtze River(长江)、the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)。
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