资源简介

(共106张PPT)
Unit 3　
Fit for life
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
The remarkable progress in medicine has significantly changed our approach to health and diseases.The exploration of genes, a widespread phenomenon, has offered new insights into not only treating diseases but also extending our lifespans.The integration of conventional practices like acupuncture with modern science has also opened up new areas for treatment and wellness.Without doubt, these advances prove that the pursuit of medical knowledge is an essential journey towards a healthier future.
医学领域的显著进步已经极大地改变了我们对待健康和疾病的方法。基因探索这一普遍现象不仅为我们治疗疾病提供了新的见解,还为延长我们的寿命带来了新的启示。针灸等传统实践与现代科学的结合也为治疗和健康领域开辟了新的天地。毫无疑问,这些进步证明了对医学知识的追求是一段通往更健康未来的极其重要的旅程。
Welcome to the unit,Reading,
Grammar and usage
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　 n.牙科医生
2. n.基因
3. n.细胞
4. n.生物;存在;身心
5. vt.感染(疾病);与……订立合同(或契约)
n.合同,合约
写作词汇
dentist
gene
cell
being
contract
6. n.癌症;邪恶,毒瘤
7. n.(pl. )方法,方式;财富,钱财
8. vt.删去,删除
9. vt.恢复;修复;使复原,使复位
10. adv.最终;根本上
11. n.武器,手段;兵器
12. adj.十分重大的,根本的;基础的,基本的
n.基本规律,根本法则,基础
cancer
means
means
delete
restore
ultimately
weapon
fundamental
13. n.发生的速度,节奏;步速;快节奏
vi.& vt.来回踱步,走来走去;确定速度,调整节奏
14. vi.( , )发生,出现;(由……)引起,(因……)产生
15. n.特征,特点
adj.典型的,独特的
16. vt.& vi.讨论,辩论;仔细考虑,思考
n.讨论,争论;辩论
pace
arise
arose
arisen
characteristic
debate
17. n.调查发现,调研结果
18. adj.人工的,人造的;人为的;虚假的
19. adj.外向的
20. adj.感激的,表示感谢的
finding
artificial
outgoing
grateful
1.game-changing　 adj.
2.genome n.
3.lifespan n.
4.virus n.
5.flu n.
6.wrestle vi.& vt.
7.limb n.
8.rubber n.
阅读词汇
改变游戏规则的(指彻底改变事态发展的)
基因组,染色体组
寿命,有效期
病毒;(计算机程序中的)病毒
流行性感冒,流感
奋力对付,努力处理;摔跤
肢,臂,腿
橡胶;橡皮
9.leather n.
10.patent n.
adj.
皮革
专利,专利证书
有专利的,受专利保护的
拓展词汇
1. n.外科医生→surgery n.外科手术→surgical adj.外科的
2. n.医师,内科医生→physical adj.身体的;物理学的→
physicist n.物理学家
3. n.药剂师,药商;化学家→chemistry n.化学→
chemical adj.化学的→chemical(s) n.化学物质
4. (also ) vi.专门研究(或从事),专攻→special adj.特殊的;专门的→specially adv.特殊地;专门地→specialist n.专家;专科医生
surgeon
physician
chemist
specialize
specialise
5. vt.影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动→affection n.喜爱,钟爱→
affectionate adj.深情的;表达爱意的
6. vt.找到,发现;确认,认出;显示,说明身份→identity n.身份→
identification n.鉴定;辨认;身份证明
7. vi.& vt.联系,使有联系;叙述,讲述→related adj.有关系的,相关的→
relation n.关系,联系→relative n.亲戚,亲属
8. adj.反常的,畸形的→normal adj.正常的
affect
identify
relate
abnormal
9. vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束→restricted adj.有限的;受限的;受约束的→restriction n.限制;约束;制约因素
10. vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能→prohibition n.(尤指通过法律的)禁止;禁令
11. n.抵抗力;抵制,反对;抵抗,反抗→resist v.抵制,阻挡;反抗,抵抗;忍住→resistant adj.对……有抵抗力的,抵制的,反抗的,抗拒的
12. adj.成熟的;时机成熟的→ripen v.成熟;使成熟
restrict
prohibit
resistance
ripe
13. vi.& vt.( , ) 脱离(社会),不与人交往;
(使)撤回;(使)退出;停止提供→withdrawal n.撤走;收回;取款
14. vt.配备;使有能力→equipment n.设备;配备;装备
15. adj.有残疾的,丧失能力的→disability n.缺陷,障碍
16. adj.传统的,习惯的;依照惯例的,遵循习俗的→
convention n.习俗;常规;惯例
17. adj.感觉的,感官的→sense n.感官 v.感觉到→sensible adj.理智的,明智的→sensitive adj.敏感的
withdraw
withdrew
withdrawn
equip
disabled
conventional
sensory
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.relate to　　　　　　　　　
2.prohibit sb from doing sth
3.wrestle with
4.put sth in place
5.without doubt
6.a ripe old age
7.be equipped with
涉及,与……相关
禁止某人做某事
努力处理,全力解决
准备就绪
毫无疑问,的确
高龄
装备;配备;具有
重点句型
1.Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases,
. (as引导原因状语从句)
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关,因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease
treatment and prevention
2.Ultimately,this new technology might even
from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. (it作形式宾语)
最终,这项新技术甚至有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。
make it possible to prevent
diseases
3. , however, questions arise about .(as 引导时间状语从句;
“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构作宾语)
然而,随着这一技术不断迅速发展,出现了如何合理使用它的问题。
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace
how to use it appropriately
4. make a much wider range of movements,
be controlled directly by the brain and feed sensory information back into it.(not only...but also...的倒装句式)
它们不仅可以做更大范围的动作,而且还可以由大脑直接控制,并将感觉信息反馈给大脑。
Not only can they
but they can also
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——医学进展、疾病与健康
2.语篇类型:讲座文稿。
3.课文内容分析:
本文是一篇讲座文稿,介绍了基因组编辑这一尖端医学技术的发展状况和应用范围,并分析了基因组编辑技术的潜在问题,旨在培养学生的辩证思维能力和严谨的科学态度。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
possibilities
shaping
prevention
appropriately
greatest inventions
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What is the passage mainly about
[A] People are against using genome editing.
[B] Genome editing can be as dangerous as a car out of control.
[C] Genome editing opens up endless possibilities for humanity.
[D] Genome editing is the most effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
C
(　　)2.Which of the following can take the place of the word “contracting” in Paragraph 2
[A] Acquiring.
[B] Spreading.
[C] Curing.
[D] Infecting.
D
(　　)3.What does the author mainly tell us in the last paragraph
[A] Genome editing can make people taller and help their muscles develop faster.
[B] Geneticists and government officials can prohibit genome editing from running wild.
[C] Genome editing still needs to be explored and debated.
[D] Genome editing could be dangerous.
C
(　　)4.What’s the author’s attitude towards genome editing
[A] Objective.
[B] Positive.
[C] Negative.
[D] Indifferent.
A
二次开发·深研课文
▲
The future is in our genes
Genes play a critical role in shaping our lives.Everything from the colour of our eyes to our talent for maths 1.　　　　(depend) on genes.The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being 2.　　　 　(call) a genome.Our own personal genome carries all the information 3.
(need) to make us grow and develop.
depends
is called
needed
Genome editing allows geneticists 4.　　 　　(make) changes to the genome by correcting,adding,deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material.Ultimately,this new technology might even make 5.
possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.However,questions arise about how to use it 6.
(appropriate).Should we prohibit geneticists 7.　　　　 using it to enhance healthy bodies
to make
it
appropriately
from
One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flu,to make people taller,to help their muscles develop 8.　　　　(fast),to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent.We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born,creating 9.　　　　 some have called “designer babies”.However,is this a good thing What consequences might it have
faster
what
Despite the public argument over this technology,its 10.
(possibility) have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond.
possibilities
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.relate vi.& vt.联系,使有联系;叙述,讲述
·related adj.有关系的,相关的
·relation n.关系,联系
·relative n.亲戚,亲属
[教材原句] Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关, 因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
例 It’s important to relate what you read in textbooks to real-life situations.
将你在教科书上读到的东西与现实生活中的情况建立联系是很重要的。
relate A to B把A和B联系起来
例 The assignment is difficult, but it relates to our future career goals.
这个作业很难,但它与我们的未来职业目标有关。
relate to涉及,与……相关
归纳拓展
·relate A to B把A和B联系起来
relate sth to sb向某人叙述/讲述某事
relate to涉及,与……相关
· be related to...和……有关/有联系
·in/with relation to关于;涉及;相对……而言
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
You can identify the clues to the answer if you relate the results 　 　 the causes.
In school, we learn not only knowledge but also how to maintain good
　　 　　 (relate) with others.
(应用文写作之建议信)我写这封信是想给你一些关于课间锻炼的建议。
I am writing to offer you some recommendations
　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 .
to
relations
in relation to/relating to/
(which are) related to physical exercise during the breaks between classes
2.means n.(pl.means)方法,方式;财富,钱财
[教材原句] Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关, 因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
例 Email is an effective means of communication.
电子邮件是一种有效的交流方式。
a means of...一种……的手段/方法
例 That was by no means the end of the matter.
事情绝不可能到此为止。
by no means绝不;一点儿都不(置于句首时,句子部分倒装)
归纳拓展
a means of...一种……的手段/方法
by means of借助……手段;依靠……方法
by all means可以;当然行;没问题
by no means绝不;一点儿都不(置于句首时,句子部分倒装)
means,way,manner,method,approach都有“方法”之意,但用法、搭配不同:
温馨提示
“(做)……的方法” means of (doing) sth way to do/of (doing) sth method of (doing) sth approach to (doing) sth “用这种方法”
by this means
in this way
with this method
in this manner
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Plenty of technical means 　　 　　 (try), but the machine still fails to start.
She achieved excellent grades by means 　　　　 hard work and effective study methods.
我绝不会向困难屈服,我只是想换种方法解决问题。
　　　　　　 　　　　　give in to difficulty; I just want to solve it in another manner.
have been tried
of
By no means will I
(话题写作之语言学习)英语是一种交流手段,在处理国际事务中起着至关重要的作用。
English, which is　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, plays a critical role in dealing with international affairs.
a means of communication
3.arise vi. (arose, arisen) 发生,出现;(由……)引起,(因……)产生
[教材原句] As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately.
然而,随着这一技术不断迅速发展,出现了如何合理使用它的问题。
例 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.
现在,由瑞士苏黎世大学的Damián Blasi领导的一队研究人员已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么产生的。
例 We keep them informed of any changes as they arise.
如有任何变化,我们随时通知他们。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)The problem between you arises from a lack of communication,so you need to talk it over face to face.
你们之间的问题是缺乏沟通引起的,所以你们需要面对面地好好谈一谈。
arise from/out of由……引起;因……产生;从……产生
归纳拓展
arise from/out of由……引起;因……产生;从……产生
arise from one’s chair/seat 从座位上站起来
[词语辨析]
词语 词性及词义 例句
arise vi.(arose,arisen)发生,出现;(由……)引起,(因……)产生 A new crisis has arisen.
新的危机已经出现。
rise vi.(rose,risen)上升;升起;起身;增长 Smoke was rising from the chimney.
烟从烟囱里升起。
raise vt.(raised,raised)举起;提高;饲养;筹集;抚养 He raised a hand in greeting.
他扬起手表示问候。
arouse vt.(aroused,aroused)激发;引起(感情、态度);唤醒 The activity aims to arouse students’ interest in learning English.
该活动旨在激发学生学习英语的兴趣。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Emotional problems may arise　　　　a physical cause,so it is of great importance to stay physically healthy.
What made me quite upset was that some misunderstanding
(arise) between my deskmate and me.
我们应该时刻牢记大部分事故是人们开车时的粗心大意造成的。
We should always keep in mind that most of accidents
　　　　　　　while people are driving.
from
arose
arise from/out of
carelessness
一听到我们期待的激动人心的消息,我们所有人都从座位上站了起来。
On hearing the exciting news we were looking forward to,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
all of us arose from our seats
4.restrict vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束
·restricted 有限的;受限的;受约束的
·restriction n.限制;约束;制约因素
[教材原句] Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases
我们是否应该将其(这项技术)应用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面
例 Speed is restricted to 60 kph in towns.
在城里车速不得超过每小时60千米。
例 Fog severely restricted visibility.
浓雾严重影响了能见度。
be restricted to...限制在……
例 We restrict the number of students per class to 30.
我们将每个班的学生人数限定为30人。
restrict...to...把……限制在……范围内
归纳拓展
·restrict...to...把……限制在……范围内
restrict sb to (doing) sth限制/约束某人(做)某事
·be restricted to...限制在……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now 　　 　　 (restrict) to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.
Public transport is restricted to 　　　 　 (have) only one passenger per seat, ensuring the distance between passengers.
are restricted
having
(应用文写作之倡议信)为了保护博物馆的文物,我们应该将游客的数量限制为每天5 000人。
In order to protect the cultural relics of the museum, we should restrict the number of visitors to 5,000 per day.
5.resistance n.抵抗力;抵制,反对;抵抗,反抗
·resist v.抵制,阻挡;反抗,抵抗;忍住
·resistant adj.对……有抵抗力的,抵制的,反抗的,抗拒的
[教材原句] One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flu...
不久之后,我们将能利用基因组编辑技术提高人类对感冒和流感的
抵抗力……
例 Generally speaking,there was no resistance to the idea.
一般来说,没有人会反对这个主意。
resistance to对……的抵制
例 Regular physical exercise can enhance our resistance to diseases.
有规律的体育锻炼能增强我们对疾病的抵抗力。
resistance to对……的抵制
例 The new material is designed to resist high temperatures and extreme weather conditions.
这种新材料旨在抵抗高温和极端天气条件。
归纳拓展
·resistance to对……的抵制
·resist (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
can’t/couldn’t resist (doing) sth无法抗拒(做)某事
·be resistant to对……有抵抗力;抗拒……
[语境运用] 完成句子
对变革的抵制几乎毁了这个行业。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 has nearly destroyed the industry.
(读后续写之动作描写)窗户上的声音引起了我的注意,我忍不住踮起脚尖走上前看看发生了什么事。
A noise at the window caught my attention and I
　　　　 　to see what was happening.
Resistance to change
couldn’t resist tiptoeing
forward
我们反对任何不文明的旅游。
We are 　　　　　　　　 any uncivilized travel.
resistant to
6.debate vt.& vi.讨论,辩论;仔细考虑,思考 n.讨论,争论;辩论
[教材原句] There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing.
对于基因组编辑这一话题,要探索和讨论的还有很多。
例 They sat for hours debating the pros and cons of setting up their own firm.
他们在一起坐了数小时,讨论自己创办公司的利弊。
例 Our next class will take the form of a debate.
我们下一堂课将采用辩论的形式。
归纳拓展
· debate with sb on/about/over sth 和某人就某事辩论
debate whether+从句/whether to do讨论/考虑是否……
· have/hold a debate on/about/over...举行关于……的辩论
under debate 正在讨论中
beyond/without debate 无可争议
be open to debate有待商榷
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
We are debating 　　 　　 to go skiing this winter.
(读后续写之主旨升华)一个小小的善举会对我们周围的人产生巨大的影
响,这是无可争议的事实。
It is a fact 　　　　　 　　　 that a small act of kindness makes a great difference to those around us.
whether
beyond/without debate
(话题写作之环境保护)我们必须讨论应该采取什么措施来阻止空气污染。
We must 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(话题写作之学校生活)在他和父母讨论了专业的选择后,他的父母推荐他选择数学专业。
After　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　,his parents advised him to major in mathematics.
debate what measures should be taken to stop the air pollution
he debated with his parents on/about/over the choice of major
7.equip vt.配备;使有能力
·equipment n.设备;配备;装备
[教材原句] I was equipped with an artificial hand,but it did not feel like part of me.
我装了一只假手,但它感觉不像是我的一部分。
例 The school equipped the science lab with new microscopes and experimental equipment.
学校为科学实验室配备了新的显微镜和实验设备。
equip...with...用……装备……
例 (2022·全国乙卷) We could move all the office equipment at a weekend—do everything at once.
我们可以在一个周末搬走所有的办公设备,一次性完成所有的事情。
归纳拓展
· equip...with...用……装备……
be equipped with 装备;配备;具有
equip sb for (doing) sth/to (do) sth使某人为(做)某事而准备;使某人具备(做)某事的能力
·a piece of equipment 一件设备
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
All the　　 　　(equip) that you need is available in that building.
The floors of all campus buildings　　 　　(equip) with manual fire alarm systems.
They knew clearly they should equip themselves　　 　necessary knowledge and ability 　　　　 better future jobs before their graduation from universities.
equipment
are equipped
with
for
这些经历赋予了我追逐梦想所需的激情、技能和信心。
These experiences 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that I needed to go after my dream.
equipped me with the passion, skills and confidence
8.without doubt 毫无疑问,的确
[教材原句] Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.
毫无疑问,基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的发明之一。
例 He will succeed this time without doubt.
毫无疑问,他这次会成功。
例 She is without doubt the best candidate for the job.
毫无疑问,她是这份工作的最佳人选。
归纳拓展
· have some/no doubt about...对……有/没有怀疑
in doubt不确定;怀疑地
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether...……尚有疑问
· doubt about...怀疑……
doubt+that从句(用于否定句或疑问句中)
doubt+whether/if从句(用于肯定句中)
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Learning that my head teacher never doubted 　　　　 my English level, I walked on air.
You can complain,but I　　　 　　　　　　　(怀疑是否) it will make any difference.
She looked at me　　　　　　　　(怀疑地) for a moment.
He is　　　　　 　　　(毫无疑问) the most diligent student I’ve ever taught.
about
doubt whether/if
in doubt
without doubt
重点句式
as引导状语从句
▲
[教材原句] Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关,因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
例 As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.
因为天气太糟糕,我们不得不推迟旅行。
as 引导原因状语从句,意为“因为,由于”,既可放在
主句前也可放在主句后。
例 As he was tired,he went to bed early.
由于他累了,所以他很早就上床睡觉了。
as 引导原因状语从句,意为“因为,由于”,既可放在
主句前也可放在主句后。
归纳拓展
·as 引导原因状语从句,意为“因为,由于”,既可放在主句前也可放在主句后。
·as引导时间状语从句,意为“随着;一边……一边……”,多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生。
·as 引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然,尽管”,从句通常用倒装语序。
·as 引导方式状语从句,意为“正如;按照”。
·as 引导比较状语从句,意为“像……一样地”,从句常省略与主句相同的部分。
[语境运用] 翻译句子
随着时间的流逝,她越来越见不到家乡的那些老朋友了。
As time went by,she saw less and less of all her old friends at home.
气球飘在空中如同船浮在水上一样。
Balloons float in the air as boats float on the water.
因为这个问题很重要,所以我们将再讨论一次。
As/Because this question is of great importance,we will discuss it once again.
(读后续写之情感描写)尽管我既焦虑又担心,但我最终还是选择了参加写作比赛。
Anxious and concerned as I was,I finally chose to take part in the writing contest.
it作形式宾语
▲
[教材原句] Ultimately,this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.
最终,这项新技术甚至有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。
例 The headmaster has made it clear that the school meeting will not be put off.
校长已经说得很清楚,学校会议不会推迟。
例 I like it when the weather is clear and bright.
我喜欢晴朗的天气。
归纳拓展
· it 作形式宾语代替不定式(短语):
主语+make/think/believe/suppose/feel/consider+it+形容词/名词+(for sb) to do sth
· it 作形式宾语代替动名词(短语):
主语+make/think/believe/suppose/feel/consider+it+useless/worth/
worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time (money/energy)+doing sth
· it 作形式宾语代替从句:
主语+make/think/believe/suppose/feel/consider+it+形容词/名词+从句
[语境运用] 完成句子
我已经讲得很清楚了,任何人不准在这儿吸烟。
I have　　　　　　　　　　　 nobody is allowed to smoke here.
他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。
They 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 the work in such a short time.
我认为抱怨没用,相反,我们应该立即采取行动保护海洋。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　;instead,we should take action immediately to protect the ocean.
made it clear that
thought/considered/believed it difficult to finish
I feel it no use complaining
语法微专题3
现在完成进行时
语法原句再现
Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years,and their work on robotic limbs has really changed my life.
Over the past three months I have been testing out the limits of what I can do with my new hand,and it constantly surprises me.
For example,I have been cooking for my family again since I got my new hand.
仔细观察上面句子中的黑体部分,即“have/has+been+现在分词”结构,这种结构被称为现在完成进行时。
语法知识点拨
一、现在完成进行时的构成
have/has+been+现在分词
二、现在完成进行时的用法
1.表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for over two thousand years.
中国人有两千多年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)
They have been repairing the broken road.
他们一直在维修那条损坏的道路。(动作还将继续下去)
2.表示一个进行了很长时间并且刚刚完成了的动作。
Oh,here you are!We have been looking for you everywhere.
哦,你在这里!我们一直在到处找你。(说话时刚刚找到)
3.表示从过去到现在一直在进行的动作,强调动作的未完成性或不间断性。
It has been raining for three days.
已经下了三天的雨了。(现在还没停止)
[语境运用] 完成句子
我教英语将近20年了。
I　　　　　　　　　 　　　English for almost twenty years.
自从新学期开始,汤姆一直在努力学习。
Tom　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 since the new term began.
have been teaching
has been working hard
三、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
1.现在完成进行时有延续性,现在完成时往往没有。
They have been widening the road.
他们在加宽马路。(尚未完工)
They have widened the road.
他们加宽了马路。(已完工)
2.现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。
①Have you been meeting her lately
你最近一直和她见面吗
②Have you met her lately
你最近见过她吗
①句有“经常见面”之意,②句则没有。②句如与often、every day等连用,也可表示动作在重复。
3.现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果,但前者所表示的结果是直接的,而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。
We have been cleaning the classroom.
我们一直在打扫教室。(直接结果可能是:我们身上都是灰)
We have cleaned the classroom.
我们把教室打扫过了。(其结果是:现在教室很整洁,可以用了)
4.现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感彩可言。
①What have you been doing
你都干了些什么
②What have you done
你做了什么
①句表示惊异,②句只是一个问题。
[语境运用] 完成句子
他整个晚上都坐在那儿学习。
He　　　　　　　　 there studying all evening.
我们今天上午同他谈过话。
We　　　　　 　　　 to him this morning.
has been sitting
have talked
真题体验
1.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017,right before the arrival of the two new pandas,Meng Meng and Jiao Qing,I 　　　　　　 　　 (help) the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
【解析】 考查动词的时态。由语境可知,此处Since June 2017为时间状语,为现在完成时或者现在完成进行时的标志,动作help现在可能还在进行,故要用现在完成进行时。故填have been helping。
have been helping
2.(2023·全国甲卷)Bo.Lan 　　　　 　　　　 (make) waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009.
【解析】 考查动词的时态。由语境可知,此处表示动作make发生在过去,延续到现在,现在可能还在进行,故要用现在完成进行时。故填has been making。
has been making
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Since then,I 　　　　　　　　　　 (write) many good works and now I am a famous writer.
【解析】 考查动词的时态。由语境可知,此处强调现在的结果,不表示动作还在进行,故要用现在完成时。故填have written。
have written
4.(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that
　　　　　　　 　 (pass) down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。由语境可知,此处强调现在的结果是这种简单的文学形式已经流传了几世纪,要用现在完成时,并且是被动。故填has been passed。
has been passed
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.I　　　　　　 　　(read) books about positive thinking recently and I will write about it in my article.
2.This is the first time that we　　　　 　　　(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.
3.You should go to bed.You　　　 　　　　 (watch) TV for 2 hours.
4.The little boy is dirty all over because he　　　　 　　　　(play) in the mud all the morning.
have been reading
have seen
have been watching
has been playing
5.I　　　　　　　　 (write) three letters since breakfast.
6.Sorry,but Mr Smith　　　　　　　　(leave) for Beijing.
7.I　　　　　 　　　(look) for him everywhere.Where can he be
8.Here he is!We　　　　　　 　　(wait) anxiously for him since last night.
9.It　　　　　 　　 (rain) for two days,and it seems that it will rain for another two days.
10.Tom　　　　　　 　 (play) tennis as a professional for two years.
have written
has left
have been looking
have been waiting
has been raining
has been playing
Ⅱ.语篇填空
Some experts 1.　　　　　 　　　 (do) some research on robots these years.Robot teachers are now very popular with pupils in some primary schools in pared with human teachers,robot teachers are more patient.In addition,they 2.　　　　　 　　　 (stand) there and never feel tired.Equipped with microphones and video cameras,the robots teach students as teachers.Many people think these robot teachers should be used in faraway village schools so that the children who 3.　　　　 　　 (look) forward to better education these years can also receive good education.
have been doing
have been standing
have been looking
To give rural school children more learning chances,the government
4.　　　　　　　　 (express) great interest in developing these robots already.No doubt there 5.　　　　　　 (be) more and more robot teachers working with students in the future.
has expressed
will be(共23张PPT)
Unit 3　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.I 　　　　　 　　　 (work) on this project for three days,but I haven’t finished yet.
2.I 　　　　　 　　　 (try) to phone her,but I still can’t get through.
3.You know,I　　　　　　 　　(look) for a job for three months,and this is my first interview.
4.We 　　　　　 　　　 (wait) for him for two hours,and we are about to lose our patience.
5.The weather 　　　 　　　　　 (change) rapidly these days.
have been working
have been trying
have been looking
have been waiting
has been changing
6.The telephone　　　　　　　　(ring) for almost a minute.Why hasn’t anyone answered it
7.Over the past decades,sea ice　　　 　　　　　 (decrease) in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
8.We 　　　　　 　　　 (plan) our dream vacation for the past several months.
9.I　　　　　 　　　(live) here for 10 years and I don’t intend to leave here.
10.My brother 　　　　 　　　　 (practise) guitar for hours every day since he got his new instrument.
has been ringing
has been decreasing
have been planning
have been living
has been practising
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我已经等了一个小时了,他还没有出现。
I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up yet.
2.我很累,我已经工作了一个上午了。
I’m very tired and I’ve been working all morning.
3.我的手很脏,因为我一直在修理汽车。
My hands are very dirty because I have been repairing the car.
4.他已经做了十五年的志愿者,这真不是一件容易的事。
He has been working as a volunteer for fifteen years,which really isn’t an
easy thing.
5.几个月来,他每个周末都在打篮球。
He has been playing basketball every weekend for months.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
For years,doctors have given blood to patients who need it to survive.
These transfusions usually include giving red blood cells to patients.
Blood transfusions aren’t as simple as taking blood from one person and giving it to someone else.There are several different blood types that don’t all mix well.If someone gets a transfusion of the wrong kind of blood,
their body will reject the blood cells,causing problems.For the first time ever,scientists from the University of Bristol,Britain,are carrying out a new trial:testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers.The scientists have used stem cells from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells.
This could be even better than a regular blood transfusion.For one thing,they can be adjusted for people with different blood types.That’ll be extremely helpful for people with rare blood types.Also,a normal transfusion has red blood cells of all different ages,which means only a small part of them are brand new.The red blood cells grown in the lab are brand new,and this means they last longer and that patients will need fewer transfusions.
To test its safety,researchers have given a couple of teaspoons of the blood to two healthy people,both of whom seem to be doing just fine after the transfusions.In all,they’ll be tested on 10 people,and compared to normal transfusions.The new process doesn’t indicate that normal blood transfusions will disappear.Meanwhile,growing red blood cells in a lab is extremely expensive.And a lot of work and testing still need to be done.But if it’s successful,the process could make life much easier for patients who often need transfusions—even those with rare blood types.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的给患者输血的方式,即给患者提供红细胞,这种输血方式一旦成功,将会使得有输血需要的患者,即使是那些有稀有血型的患者的生活变得更轻松。
(　　)1.Why are the scientists carrying out the research
[A] The blood reserve is inadequate.
[B] Normal blood transfusions are behind the times.
[C] More and more people need blood transfusions.
[D] They want to find a new form of blood transfusions.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,输血并不像想象的那么简单,且不同血型不能很好地混合,输错了血可能造成问题。由此推知,科学家进行实验的目的是找到一种新的输血方式——红细胞输血,以避免这些问题。故选D。
(　　)2.What’s the advantage of the brand new red blood cells grown in the lab
[A] They fit the patients of all ages.
[B] They have red blood cells from various races.
[C] They are effective to the patients for a longer duration.
[D] They are extremely economical and efficient.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,在实验室中的红细胞的优势是它们是全新的,因此对患者有效的时间更长。故选C。
(　　)3.Which of the following statements is true
[A] The research still has a long way to go.
[B] The present blood transfusions will disappear soon.
[C] Ten people have received the lab-grown brand new blood.
[D] The brand new blood isn’t suitable for those with rare blood types.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“And a lot of work and testing still need to be done.”可知,该研究还有一段很长的路要走。故选A。
(　　)4.What is the text mainly about
[A] The test of lab-grown blood.
[B] Contrast of two blood transfusions.
[C] A call for rare blood donation.
[D] The features of blood transfusions.
A
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据首段内容以及第二段最后两句可知,本文主要讲述的是科学家在实验室研发的一种红细胞输血方式。由此可知,A项能够概括本文。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Have you ever seen cupping marks on anyone The 1.　　 　　(shock) red marks opened people’s eyes to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and cupping therapy.
Cupping,also termed as “horn method” in ancient China,2.
(become) popular in China for thousands of years.It is one of the physiotherapy(理疗) 3.　　　 　 (method) of traditional Chinese medicine.
When people apply cupping therapy,special cups are heated,4.　　 　 helps to create a vacuum(真空状态),and applied on specific treatment sites.
shocking
has become
methods
which
Cupping therapy has developed alongside TCM theory as part of its strong foundation.TCM believes that the human body 5.
(associate) with the dynamic balance of opposites in the form of yin and yang.Pain results 6.　　 　　 an imbalance in this unity.Cupping allows for the decongestion(减轻充血)of skin and tissues.Cupping therapy can
7.　　 　　(effective) stimulate channels and collaterals(经络),awaken blood circulation,8.　　　　relieve muscle fatigue(疲劳),balancing yin and yang.
is associated
from
effectively
and
Due to the continued 9.　　　 　(develop) of TCM,more and more westerners have come to accept the healthy treatment concept.At the same time,TCM doctors continue to promote the treatment methods of TCM,
including through acupuncture,cupping,massages,Qigong and tai chi,all in 10.　　　　attempt to prevent disease and improve fitness.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了拔火罐疗法在中医中的应用和其疗效。
development
an
1.【答案】 shocking
【解析】 考查形容词。空处应用形容词形式作定语,修饰名词 marks。故填 shocking。
2.【答案】 has become
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,become是句中谓语动词,与主语cupping之间是主动关系,结合时间状语 for thousands of years 可知,应用现在完成时,又因主语cupping是专有名词,助动词应用has。故填has become。
3.【答案】 methods
【解析】 考查名词复数。“one of+名词复数”意为“……之一”。故填methods。
4.【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,在定语从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which。故填which。
5.【答案】 is associated
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,associate是宾语从句中的谓语动词,与主语 the human body之间是被动关系,结合句意和主句时态可知,描述客观事实,应用一般现在时,又因主语the human body是单数名词,be动词应用is。故填is associated。
6.【答案】 from
【解析】 考查介词。result from...意为“由……引起,是……造成的”。故填from。
7.【答案】 effectively
【解析】 考查副词。空处修饰动词 stimulate,用副词effectively作状语,意为“有效地”。故填effectively。
8.【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。分析句子可知,stimulate、awaken和 relieve三个动词是并列的谓语动词,应用连词and连接。故填and。
9.【答案】 development
【解析】 考查名词。根据空前的the continued和空后的of可知,此处应用名词形式。故填 development。
10.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。in an attempt to do...意为“为了……,试图……”。故填an。(共14张PPT)
Unit 3　读后续写专题练
(分值:25分)
阅读下面的材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Growing up,I was always around my grandma Meredith.She was the one who originally inspired my love for cooking and my dream of becoming a chef.Yet,one day I received a text that would turn my whole life around,“Grandma is seriously ill,” the text read,“and we need your help in assisting with her care.”
Without a second of hesitation,I agreed to travel back home.
Thankfully,my boss at the restaurant let me take unpaid leave for the next several months so I could come home to help out with Gran.After driving across several states,I finally got back to our family home in West Virginia.Yet,what I saw was really hard for me to bear.The Meredith I saw then was not the lively,joyful Meredith I had seen while I was growing up.
“Tony!” she called to me from her bed.“It’s so good to see you!”
“Gran,” I sighed,“I’m not Tony.That’s Dad,your son.I’m Hank.”
This was the start of a months-long journey of helping out around the house—cooking,cleaning,and,most of all,keeping Gran in good health and good spirits.
Every day,I cooked delicious food to keep everyone’s spirits high.But,
secretly,I hoped that cooking some dishes that we had made together in my childhood would somehow help get Gran’s memory of me back,if not,just for a moment.
Stews (炖菜),chops (排骨),roasts — I served all of these to Gran and my parents around the clock.When I wasn’t taking Gran out for strolls (散步) in her wheelchair or changing her bed sheets,I was cooking.I had cooked for dignitaries (显要人物) while at the restaurant in New York City,but never had I poured my heart out into my meals than I did then for Grandma Meredith.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
When I was almost at my breaking point,I decided to make something simple.
Paragraph 2:
After taking a few bites,Gran finally called out my name — my actual name.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who My grandma Meredith and I 惊讶
焦虑
伤心
激动
宽慰
When During the time I cared for my grandma
Where In our family home in West Virginia
What I took care of my grandma Meredith,who originally inspired my love for cooking and my dream of becoming a chef.However,she couldn’t recognize me.
明确冲突定主题 Conflict & Clue Conflict:The Meredith I saw then was not the lively,joyful Meredith I had seen while I was growing up. Clue: Cooking some dishes that we had made together in my childhood would somehow help get Gran’s memory of me back. 惊讶
焦虑
伤心
激动
宽慰
Theme Love has the power to help a patient recover.
预设问题定走向 Para.1 When I was almost at my breaking point,I decided to make something simple. Q1:What was the simple food Q2:What reminded me to do the food Q3:How did I do the food 惊讶
焦虑
伤心
激动
宽慰
Para.2 After taking a few bites,Gran finally called out my name—my actual name. Q1:How did I respond to the scene Q2:Whether did my grandma recover Q3:What helped my grandma recover (共37张PPT)
Unit 3　课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共11题;每题1分,共11分)
1.affect
(分值:53.5分)
单元知识综合练
B
A.vt.影响　B.vt.打动　C.vt.假装　D. vt.侵袭,感染
①The heartfelt speech affected the audience deeply.　　　
②Your opinion will not affect my decision.　　　
③He affected a calmness he did not feel.　　　
④The disease can affect anyone who comes into contact with the infected person.　　　
A
C
D
2.contract
C
A.vt.感染(疾病)　B.vt.与……订立合同(或契约)　C.n.合同,合约
①Under the terms of the contract the job should have been finished yesterday.　　　
②More than 200 people have died after contracting the disease over the past 2 years.　　　
③The player is contracted to play until August.　　　
A
B
3.while
A.conj.当……的时候　 B.n.一会儿 C.conj.虽然;尽管　D.conj.然而
①While I am willing to help,I do not have much time available.　　　
②He is very interested in rock music,while his brother is fond of folk music.　　　
③While I was waiting at the bus stop,three buses went by in the opposite direction.　　　
④I’ll be back in a little while.　　　
C
D
A
B
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Humans have been searching for the fountain of youth.A scientist named Dr David proved that reversing the age of a cell is possible.1.　　　 It will allow us to live healthy lives for an extended period of time.Here are some ways you can improve your health today.
Relieve your joints.There is something called hyaluronic acid (透明质酸) in your joints.You might have heard of it being put into skin creams before.It holds a lot of moisture and is used to relieve a dry eye as well as improve the skin,remove wrinkles and make joints healthy.2.　　　
F
B
Maximise your exercise.While it’s clear that living healthily may only bring minor life extension,exercise helps with a wide range of longevity pathways.It seems that resistance exercise is the best for health and longevity.But remember,you don’t have to lift heavy weights if you don’t want to.3.　　　 We recommend using resistance bands as they are personalised based on your current performance.
A
Sleep better.A sleep is an essential time for our bodily repair.4.
Watching TV late at night,sleeping in a room where there is too much light,and not having a night-time routine can all affect sleep.
Improve your memory.5.　　　 Fasting for more than 48 hours has been shown to activate something called autophagy,which is where the body gets rid of cells it no longer needs to make room for new ones.If you prefer not to fast,you can take an ingredient called spermidine (亚精胺) instead.It is an element found naturally in wheatgerm,and is proven to improve brain performance.
E
D
A.A can of beans is sometimes enough!
B.It even shows promise for fighting cancer.
C.The only danger lies in not sleeping enough.
D.Protecting your brain is obviously very important.
E.When it is disturbed,particularly for extended periods,our bodies suffer.
F.Within a couple of decades this technology should be available to humans.
G.In 20 years we may have some science fiction style time machines for our bodies.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章就如何提升健康状况给出了几条建议。
1.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据空后句可知,It指代的是未来可以拥有延长寿命的技术,F项中的“this technology”呼应空前句中的“reversing the age of a cell”,故选F。
2.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空前句讲到了hyaluronic acid的好处可知,空处应是进一步说明它的好处,B项符合语境,故选B。
3.【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空前句可知,空处应该会给出关于合适的重量的建议,故选A。
4.【答案】 E
【解析】 空前句讲到了睡眠的重要性,空后句通过举例讲到了影响睡眠的行为,因此,空处应会说到睡眠受到影响可能会带来的危害,E项符合语境,故选E。
5.【答案】 D
【解析】 结合段落主旨句“Improve your memory.”可知,D项中的“Protecting your brain”与话题相关,故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空 (共15题;每题1分,共15分)
340-pound Andy Duran decided to return to his favourite high school hobby—skateboarding.
However,Duran’s　1　 began before he even stepped on a skateboard.
He couldn’t find any resources for 　2　 skateboarders—what types of skateboards to 　3　 and where to buy plus-size shirts.
What Duran did find instead was an unfounded　4　.“People say that if you’re over 190 pounds you shouldn’t be on a skateboard,” he says.
Determined to do something to　5　 the description of plus-size people in sports,Duran set up Chub Rollz—a skateboarding community for overweight skateboarders.To encourage plus-size people to 　6　 the fun sport,Duran created a list of recommended 　7　 for them.He also hosted skateboarding classes to teach beginners.
The comments on Chub Rollz have been　8　.Following an article about his action on the Internet,Duran received a lot of messages from 　9　 showing thanks for giving them courage to stand on skateboards.
Duran believes a lot more needs to be done to　10　 body image stereotypes (成见).“Maybe skateboard shops should create a 　11　 environment for us and all types of boards should be made—everyone is making lighter products,but sometimes we need other 　12　,” he explains.For those 　13　 about taking up their favourite sports due to their 　14　,Duran has this to say,“Be 　15　 to yourself,as you’re often your worst critic (批评家).That you don’t see it doesn’t mean you can’t do it.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述Andy Duran为了改变人们对超重人士在体育运动中的刻板印象和成见,为超重滑板者建立滑板社区,鼓励他们积极参与运动。
(　　)1.
C
【解析】 根据下文“He couldn’t find...buy plus-size shirts.”可知,Duran在重新开始滑滑板前遇到许多挑战(challenges)。故选C。
[A] chances
[B] protests
[C] challenges
[D] arrangements
(　　)2.
B
【解析】 根据上文可知,Duran的体重是340磅,比较胖(fat)。故选B。
[A] new
[B] fat
[C] gifted
[D] young
(　　)3.
D
【解析】 根据语境可知,Duran找不到任何为超重滑板者提供的资源,故推知他不知道超重人士可以尝试(try)用什么类型的滑板。故选D。
[A] register
[B] design
[C] sell
[D] try
(　　)4.
D
【解析】 根据下文可知,此处描述的是人们对超重人士参与滑板运动毫无根据的看法(belief)。故选D。
[A] proof
[B] guideline
[C] report
[D] belief
(　　)5.
B
[A] check
[B] change
[C] stress
[D] match
【解析】 根据上下文语境可推知,Duran要改变(change)人们对参与滑板运动的超重人士的看法。故选B。
(　　)6.
A
【解析】 根据下文“He also hosted skateboarding classes to teach beginners.”可知,Duran开展滑板课程是为了鼓励更多的超重人士参与(play)滑板运动,故选A。
[A] play
[B] promote
[C] like
[D] rate
(　　)7.
A
【解析】 根据上文可推知,Duran为超重人士推荐适合他们使用的产品(products)。故选A。
[A] products
[B] books
[C] hobbies
[D] sizes
(　　)8.
B
【解析】 根据下文“Duran received a lot of...stand on skateboards.”可知,
Duran收到的都是向他表示感谢的消息,所以对Chub Rollz的评论一直是积极的(positive)。故选B。
[A] unusual
[B] positive
[C] informal
[D] immediate
(　　)9.
C
【解析】 根据语境可知,Duran收到的是陌生人(strangers)的评论和感谢。故选C。
[A] volunteers
[B] students
[C] strangers
[D] neighbours
(　　)10.
D
【解析】 根据上文可知,Duran希望消除(remove)人们对超重人士参与运动的成见。故选D。
[A] understand
[B] control
[C] compare
[D] remove
(　　)11.
C
【解析】 根据语境可知,Duran希望滑板店为超重人士创造一个友好的(welcoming)购买环境。故选C。
[A] safe
[B] competitive
[C] welcoming
[D] healthy
(　　)12.
A
【解析】 根据语境可知,Duran希望滑板店为超重人士创造一个友好的购买环境,制作并提供各种类型的滑板,以便人们有时会有其他选择(choices)。故选A。
[A] choices
[B] plans
[C] measures
[D] experiences
(　　)13.
D
【解析】 根据下文“...as you’re often your worst critic.That you don’t see it doesn’t mean you can’t do it.”可知,超重人士会因体重而批评自己,怀疑(doubtful)自己。故选D。
[A] careful
[B] curious
[C] certain
[D] doubtful
(　　)14.
B
【解析】 根据上文可推知,超重人士会因为体重(weight)陷入自我怀疑。故选B。
[A] skill
[B] weight
[C] popularity
[D] age
(　　)15.
C
【解析】 根据上文可推知,Duran希望因体重而怀疑自己的人可以忽略成见,善待(kind)自己。故选C。
[A] useful
[B] open
[C] kind
[D] faithful
Ⅳ.应用文写作 (15分)
假设你是李华,你的外国朋友Chris给你写信表达他对青少年心理健康的关注,请你用英语给他回信,内容包括:
1.你的看法;
2.你的理由及建议。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris,
Yours,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Dear Chris,
I hope this letter finds you well.In terms of the concern you raised regarding teenagers’ mental health,I’m eager to share my understanding with you and suggest some improvements.
As society advances,mental health is crucial to our overall well-being,
affecting how we handle stress and relate to others.To enhance it,I suggest organizing workshops that educate students about stress management and emotional strength,which will equip them to cope with challenges in their lives.Establishing a mental health support system will be invaluable.Not only does it encourage students to seek help,but it also helps foster a sense of belonging.
Hope my advice will be of some help to you.
Yours,
Li Hua(共18张PPT)
Unit 3　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The flowers in the vase look so beautiful,but on closer inspection,one can tell they are　　　　(人造的).
2.The use of reusable water bottles has become　　　 　 (广泛的) among students in an effort to reduce plastic waste.
3.The surgeon used a　　　　 (针) to sew up the wound for him.
4.The physical education　　 　　 (部门) offers a variety of sports activities to encourage a healthy lifestyle.
artificial
widespread
needle
department
5.They were drilling through 　　　　(实心的)rock.
6.The device was protected by　　　　 (专利).
7.This bath is very thin,only three　　 　　 (毫米) thick.
8.He failed to keep his appointment at the 　　　　 (诊所).
9.The discovery of this　　 　　 (物质) plays an important role in the research of gene science.
10.The dove is a universal　　 　　 (象征) of peace.
solid
patent
millimetres
clinic
substance
symbol
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Peer support groups on campus provide a safe space for students to discuss and manage　　 　　 (anxious).
2.The height of the bicycle seat is　　 　　 (adjust).
3.All the 　　 　　 (equip) should be cleaned down regularly.
4.It has now become　　 　　 (evidence) to us that a mistake has been made.
5.On closer　　　 　 (examine) these goods are of low quality.
anxiety
adjustable
equipment
evident
examination
6.The forest fire　　　　 (severe) impacted the local wildlife,destroying their habitats.
7.The newspaper has unearthed some 　　　 　 (disturb) facts.
8.The old building 　　　 　 (date) back to the 7th century is going to be rebuilt.
9.The Great Wall 　　　 　 (symbol) the hard work and efforts of ancient Chinese people.
10.The risk of 　　　　 (infect) will ascend,if a person doesn’t get enough exercise.
severely
disturbing
dating
symbolizes
infection
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.她竭尽全力确保她的学生理解课堂上的每一个概念。(go to great lengths to do sth)
She goes to great lengths to ensure that her students understand every
concept in class.
2.在办公室里,电脑已经基本取代了手写。 (take the place of )
Computers have largely taken the place of handwriting in offices.
3.除了为了知识而读书,我们读书也是为了乐趣和灵感。(in addition to)
In addition to reading for knowledge,we also read for fun and inspiration.
4.据我所知,这个老城区的历史可以追溯到17世纪晚期。 (date back to)
As far as I know,the old town dates back to the late seventeenth century.
5.我在讲座期间做了笔记,这样我就不会忘记重要的内容。(so that引导目的状语从句)
I took notes during the lecture so that I wouldn’t forget the important points.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Biological fieldwork can mean trips to exotic places.But the work itself can be depressing,especially when you are trying to track down complicated subjects.The most common method is to send a few eager graduate students armed with camera traps and several weeks of spare time.But perhaps not for much longer.A paper published in Current Biology,whose lead authors are Christina Lynggaard at the University of Copenhagen and Jan Gogarten at the Helmholtz Institute for One Health in Germany,suggests an easier method:simply swabbing(用拭子擦拭)nearby leaves for DNA.
The DNA in question is called“environmental DNA”(eDNA for short).It refers to all the genetic information that animals shed as they go about their daily business:breathing,urinating,moving around,or interacting with their environment in any way.
In recent years,gene-sequencing technology has become quick and sensitive enough to pick out genetic sequences from this universal eDNA—particular animals,including humans.One way of doing so is to blow air through filters,and then analyse them to see which creatures live in the surroundings.
Aware of that technique,Drs Gogarten and Lynggaard wondered if there might be a simpler approach.Air-sampling systems can take days to do their work.Maintenance must be done,and filters must be changed.But given that eDNA is literally blowing around ecosystems,the researchers wondered if it might be collected on leaves.The leaves of many plants are waxy(质地光滑的) and somewhat sticky.The researchers theorized that eDNA might end up sticking to leaves and that it could subsequently be collected by swabbing them.They tested their theory in the dense rainforests of Kibale National Park,in Uganda.
The swabs revealed the presence of 26 birds,24 mammals,one amphibian and one fish,with each swab containing DNA from eight animals on average.More than half the samples were good enough to work out the precise species they came from.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种确认动物踪迹的基因采集技术。
(　　)1.When can biological fieldwork be discouraging
[A] You’re tracking down complex issues.
[B] You’re exploring exotic destinations.
[C] You’re making trips to unfamiliar fields.
[D] You’re appointing graduates to send camera traps.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“But the work itself ...track down complicated subjects.”可知,生物研究工作在追踪复杂问题时,可能让研究者倍感沮丧。故选A。
(　　)2.What assumption did the researchers make about eDNA
[A] It can be tested in distant rainforests.
[B] It might be gathered by swabbing leaves.
[C] It might end up to be a little smooth and sticky.
[D] It can literally centre on ecosystem protection.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers theorized that ...be collected by swabbing them.”可知,研究者们在eDNA实验中得出实验结论,即eDNA最后会留在树叶上,人们可以通过拭子擦拭的方式提取这些eDNA。故选B。
(　　)3.How does the author present the research findings
[A] By making a comparison.
[B] By analysing the cause.
[C] By giving some examples.
[D] By providing some figures.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断,作者是通过列数据来呈现实验的研究结果的。故选D。
(　　)4.What is this passage mainly talking about
[A] A new system to swab leaves.
[B] A convenient way to track animals.
[C] A novel method to identify samples.
[D] A special technique to sequence genes.
B
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知,全文主要介绍了一个使用棉签擦拭树叶收集生物遗留在树叶上的eDNA从而去追踪复杂问题的方法。而且文章最后一段第一句提到的都是动物物种。由此可知,本文介绍的是一个便捷的追踪动物的方法。故选B。(共96张PPT)
Integrated skills,Extended reading,
Project,Assessment,Further study
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　　　 vt.增加,刺激;给……提供燃料
n.燃料
2. vt.应付,处理,解决
3. n.针;注射针;指针
4. adj.实心的;固体的;结实的;纯色的
5. vi.& vt.转变;交换;调班
n.开关,闸;转变,改变
写作词汇
fuel
tackle
needle
solid
switch
6. n.私人诊所;门诊部;门诊时间
7. vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂
n.滥用;虐待;辱骂
8. n.毒品;药物
9. n.(pl.phenomena)现象
10. n.物质;要点
11. adj.分布广的,普遍的,广泛的
12. n.(医院的)科,部门,局,系
clinic
abuse
drug
phenomenon
substance
widespread
department
1.head-on　　　　 adv.
adj.
2.centimetre (AmE centimeter)
n.
3.acupuncture n.
4.stainless adj.
5.steel n.
6.millimetre (AmE millimeter) n.
阅读词汇
积极地,果断地;正面相撞地
迎头相撞的;正面反对的
厘米
针刺疗法
不生锈的
钢;钢铁工业
毫米
7.tongue n.
8.pulse n.
vi.
9.wrist n.
10.alcohol n.
11.tobacco n.
12.bandage n.
舌头;语言
脉搏
搏动,跳动;洋溢着
手腕,腕关节
酒精,酒
烟草
绷带
拓展词汇
1. vt.使不安;打扰;搅乱→disturbing adj.令人烦恼的;令人不安的→disturbed adj.心神不安的;烦恼的→disturbance n.干扰;骚乱;失调
2. vt.& vi.调整,调节;适应,习惯;整理→adjustment n.调整;调节→adjustable adj.可调整的
3. n.证据,证明;物证,人证 vt.证明,表明→evident adj.明显的,清楚的→evidently adv.明显地
4. vt.检查,检验;审查,调查;考,测试;审问→examination n.考试;审查;检查
disturb
adjust
evidence
examine
5. n.器官;风琴;机构,机关→organize vt.组织→organization n.组织→organized adj.有组织的;有计划的;有条理的;高效的
6. adj.十分严重的,极为恶劣的;严厉的;艰难的→severely adv.严重地→severity n.严重性
7. n.焦虑;担心;渴望→anxious adj.焦虑的;不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地;不安地
8. n.象征;符号,代号→symbolize vt.象征→ symbolic adj.象征性的
9. n.传染,感染→infect vt.使感染;传染→infectious adj.传染性的;有感染力的
organ
severe
anxiety
symbol
infection
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.go to great lengths to do sth
2.a wide variety of
3.date back to
4.take the place of...
5.up to now
6.be applied to...
7.come into use
竭尽全力做某事,不遗余力做某事
各种各样的
追溯到,始于,自……至今
取代……的位置
到目前为止
适用于……
开始被使用
重点句型
1.Nowadays,the fine sharp needles that measure usually between 15 and 75 millimetres in length are still used,
.(while连接并列句表对比)
现在针刺疗法中仍在使用的是又尖又细、长度一般在15至75毫米之间的
针,而大部分其他类型的针都被更复杂的医疗器械取代了。
while most of the others have been
replaced by more complex medical instruments
2.Needles are pushed into the skin at these points
.(so that引导目的状语从句)
针从穴位推入皮肤,从而治疗一种疾病。
3.Up to now,more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified,
.(独立主格结构)
到目前为止,已有360多个针刺穴位被确认,每个穴位对应身体的一个不同部位。
so that a health
problem can be treated
each linked to a different part of the body
4.And it has been used to treat more than just physical problems—acupuncturists have discovered
.(that引导宾语从句)
而且它(针灸)不仅适用于治疗身体疾患——针疗医师们发现这种疗法对抑郁、焦虑等心理问题也有效果。
5. is not clearly understood.(how引导主语从句)
针刺疗法究竟是怎样产生疗效的,这个问题尚不清楚。
that the treatment helps with mental
problems like depression and anxiety too
How acupuncture actually works
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——传统中医疗法。
2.语篇类型:杂志文章。
3.课文内容分析:
本文是一篇杂志文章,作者从多角度介绍了一项传统中医疗法——针刺疗法。文章详细讲解了针刺疗法的历史演变、诊疗过程以及针刺疗法所能医治的疾病和其原理猜想,并指出针刺疗法作为中华优秀传统文化的一个符号,已经拥有世界范围内的影响力,使学生在获得对针刺疗法的基本认识之余还 能够感受传承千年的中华优秀传统文化的魅力。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
origin
needles
treatment
theories
influence
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2
[A] The development of acupuncture needles.
[B] The importance of acupuncture needles.
[C] The materials of acupuncture needles.
[D] The kinds and length of acupuncture needles.
A
(　　)2.Why should acupuncture points be identified
[A] They are easy to get infected.
[B] They are used to identify diseases.
[C] They are distributed throughout the body.
[D] They are linked to different parts of the body.
D
(　　)3.What does the word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to
[A] A theory.
[B] Acupuncture.
[C] An agreement.
[D] An acupuncturist.
B
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.disturb vt.使不安;打扰;搅乱
·disturbing adj.令人烦恼的;令人不安的
·disturbed adj.心神不安的;烦恼的
·disturbance n.干扰;骚乱;失调
[教材原句] The figures disturb the school authorities, who have decided to tackle this problem head-on.
这些数字使校方感到不安,他们已决定积极处理这个问题。
例 (应用文写作之求助信)I’m sorry to disturb you with this question.
很抱歉用这个问题打扰你。
例 A disturbing thought crossed my mind.
我突然想起一件令人心烦的事。
归纳拓展
·It disturbs sb to do sth做某事使某人不安
·It’s disturbing that...……令人不安
·be disturbed by/about/at...对……感到忧虑/不安
be disturbed to do sth 对做某事感到不安
be disturbed that...担心/烦恼……
disturb指人心、睡眠、安静等被打扰、扰乱;interrupt多指由于某种外界因素而停下来或中断。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without
　　　 　 (disturb) and care little about passion and success.
New research helps to explain why screaming is　　　 　(disturb) and useful.
He was disturbed　　 　　the inaccuracy of the answers.
(读后续写之心理描写)她意识到自己孤单一人,心里感到不安。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that she was alone.
being disturbed/
disturbance
disturbing
by/about/at
It disturbs her to realize
2.adjust vt.& vi.调整,调节;适应,习惯;整理
·adjustment n.调整;调节
·adjustable adj.可调整的
[教材原句] The school has adjusted all the lights to make sure the classrooms are well lit.
学校调整了所有的灯,以确保教室照明良好。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)When giving lectures,please adjust your language to the age of your audience.
演讲时,请根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。
adjust...to...调整……以适应……
例 It took her a while to adjust to living alone.
她过了一段时间才适应独自生活。
adjust to (doing) sth 适应(做)某事
归纳拓展
·adjust...to...调整……以适应……
adjust to (doing) sth 适应(做)某事
adjust oneself to 使自己适应
·make an adjustment/adjustments to...对……做出调整
adjust to和adjust...to...中的to都是介词,其后需接名词或动词-ing形式。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The　　　 　(adjust) seat can be raised or lowered to fit different users.
It took a few seconds for her eyes to adjust　　　　the darkness.
Don’t get mad at me as I just made one　　 　　(adjust) to the design.
(应用文写作之求助信)我写信是想向您征求如何适应学校生活的建议。
I’m writing to turn to you for advice on 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 .
adjustable
to
adjustment
how to adjust (myself) to school life
语
境
串
词
The adjustable glasses can give you a clear vision at a distance.They can be adjusted for special visual needs.Moreover, the adjustment is not difficult to make.
这种可调节的眼镜可以让你在远处看得很清楚。它们可以根据特殊的视觉需求进行调整。而且,调整并不难。
3.evidence n.证据,证明;物证,人证vt.证明,表明
·evident adj.明显的,清楚的
·evidently adv.明显地
[教材原句] There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body.
有证据表明针刺疗法可追溯到石器时代,当时一种叫做 “砭”的石器被用来按压身体部位。
例 Studies provide evidence that proper lighting can significantly improve the comfort of our eyes.
研究提供了证据,适当的照明可以显著提高我们眼睛的舒适度。
例 It is evident that the man is highly thought of in the company.
很显然,这个人在公司里受到了高度评价。
It’s evident that...很明显……
归纳拓展
·give evidence 陈述证词
There is evidence that...有证据证明……
·It’s evident that...很明显……
evidence是不可数名词,不与不定冠词连用,也不用复数,若表示几条证据,要借助piece,如:several pieces of evidence (几条证据)。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
　　 　　 (evident) shows that eating more fruit and vegetables is beneficial to health.
　　　 　(evident),she was unhappy with the decision, as she stormed out of the meeting.
From the smell,　　　　　 　　　　　　(很明显) the drains had been blocked for several days.
　 (有证据表明)smoking is harmful to health.
Evidence
Evidently
it was evident that
There is evidence that
4.date back to 追溯到,始于,自……至今
[教材原句] There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body.
有证据表明针刺疗法可追溯到石器时代,当时一种叫做 “砭”的石器被用来按压身体部位。
例 (话题写作之传统文化)Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history dating back to more than 1,000 years ago.
中国的饮茶文化有着悠久的历史,可以追溯到1 000多年前。
date back to = date from追溯到
例 To date,we have received over 200 replies.
到目前为止,我们已收到200多封回信。
to date 迄今为止,到目前为止
归纳拓展
·date back to = date from追溯到
·out of date 过时的,陈旧的
up to date 至今;最新的;现代的;时髦的
fix/set a date for确定……的日期
to date 迄今为止,到目前为止
date back (to)一般只用现在时态,没有被动语态。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子
(话题写作之传统文化)汉字,至少可以追溯到汉代,至少有几千年的历史。
Chinese characters,　　　　　 　　　　　　 at least the Han Dynasty, has a history of at least thousands of years.
我们必须尽快定下会议的日期,这样的话我们就可以开始为它做准备了。
We must　　　　　　　　　　　　　the meeting as soon as possible so that we can start to get prepared for it.
dating back to/from
fix/set a date for
这个新闻已经过时了,我们需要的是最新的信息。
The news is 　　　　　　　and what we need is the information that is
　　　　　　　　.
out of date
up to date
5.anxiety n.焦虑;担心;渴望
·anxious adj.焦虑的;不安的
·anxiously adv.焦虑地;不安地
[教材原句] And it has been used to treat more than just physical problems—
acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety too.
而且它(针灸)不仅适用于治疗身体疾患——针疗医师们发现这种疗法对抑郁、焦虑等心理问题也有效果。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)The driver got seriously injured in the accident and was sent to the nearest hospital at once.His wife was waiting for the examination result with anxiety.
司机在事故中受了重伤,立即被送往最近的医院。他的妻子正焦急地等待着检查结果。
with anxiety 担心地;焦虑地
例 We waited for the news of her safe arrival anxiously.
我们焦虑地等待着她安全到达的消息。
归纳拓展
·with anxiety 担心地;焦虑地
·be anxious about sth/for sb 为……担心/焦虑
be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事
be anxious for sth 渴望某物
表示“渴望做某事”的短语还有long for/to do、be thirsty for、be dying for/to do、be keen on/to do。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
I discovered I was no longer afraid of carrying on oral exchange with other people,and I was no longer anxious　　　　 making mistakes.
As you know,everybody is anxious　　　　(see) his article published as soon as possible.
At that moment she felt the first twitch of　　　　 (anxious).
about
to see
anxiety
玛丽正焦急地等待着结果。
Mary is waiting for the outcome anxiously / with anxiety.
(应用文写作之邀请信)我们热切期待您尽早给予肯定的回复。
We are anxious for your positive response at your earliest convenience.
重点句式
so that引导目的状语从句
▲
[教材原句] Needles are pushed into the skin at these points so that a health problem can be treated.
针从穴位推入皮肤,从而治疗一种疾病。
例 Please open the window so that we can breathe fresh air.
请打开窗户,以便我们能呼吸到新鲜空气。
例 We should read more books so that we may get more knowledge.
我们应当多读书,以便获得更多的知识。
归纳拓展
本句中so that引导目的状语从句,意为“以便,为了”。
·so that引导目的状语从句时,从句中谓语动词常和may/might、can/could、should、would等情态动词连用;
·so that还可引导结果状语从句,意为“因此,所以”。主句和从句之间可用逗号相隔,不能和in order that换用;
·so...that与such...that可以连接一个表示结果的状语从句,意为
“如此……以至于……”。so后面可加形容词或副词,而such后面要用名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词,也可以不带)。
[语境运用] 完成句子
老师又解释了一遍这个问题,以便学生能更好地理解。
The teacher explained the problem again
　 .
她太惊讶了,以至于说不出话来。
She　　　　　　　　　　　　　 she couldn’t say a word.
小心驾驶,以免发生交通事故。
Drive carefully 　 .
so that the students could
understand it better
was so surprised that
so that you can avoid accidents
我打开灯,以便能在房间里看清楚。
I turned on the light 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
so that I could see clearly in the room
独立主格结构
▲
[教材原句] Up to now,more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, each linked to a different part of the body.
到目前为止,已有360多个针刺穴位被确认,每个穴位对应身体的一个不同部位。
例 Weather permitting, we will go for a picnic.
如果天气允许,我们将去野餐。
名词/代词+现在分词(表示主动和正在进行)
例 (读后续写之动作链描写)Class over,the excited students rose to their feet,
grabbed their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.
下课了,兴奋的学生们站起来,抓起书包,像箭一样冲出教室。
名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语(用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)
归纳拓展
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,在形式上与主句没有关系,在句中主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句。独立主格结构的基本构成形式:
·名词/代词+现在分词(表示主动和正在进行)
·名词/代词+过去分词(表示被动和已完成)
·名词/代词+不定式(表示将要发生的动作)
·名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语(用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)
[语境运用] 完成句子/句式升级
(读后续写之动作描写)看完信后,我站在那里说不出话来,眼里噙满了泪水。
After reading the letter, I stood there speechless,　　　　　　　　　　　.
(读后续写之动作描写)他一见到妈妈,就奔向她的怀抱,内心的恐惧变成了持续的大哭。
The moment he saw his mother, he ran into her arms,
　 .
There was no bus, so we had to walk home.
→　　　　　　　 　　　　,we had to walk home.(独立主格结构)
tears filling my eyes
the fear inside turning
into constant crying
There being no bus
长难句分析
[教材原句] Sometimes the needles are pushed into points near the body part affected by a disease, and sometimes into points that are not so close to it.
尝试分析:此句是并列复合句。 为过去分词短语作后置定语, 为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词points。
自主翻译:下针的穴位有时在患病部位附近,有时又并不靠近。
[语境运用] 情境写作
人们的注意力有时会集中在受环境污染的社区的问题上,有时也会关注那些虽然不紧急但同样需要解决的问题。
Sometimes, the attention of people is focused on the problems of communities affected by environmental pollution, and sometimes on the problems which are not urgent but need to be solved equally.
写作微专题3
Talking about
short-sightedness
文本解读
1.文体类型:应用文。
2.要点内容:近视。
[思路指引]
实用表达
A recent survey has revealed that...
Recently,the netizens have had a heated discussion/debate on...
As we all know that eyes are very important for us and they’re essential for us,too.
Due to/Because of/As a result of...,short-sightedness has become a serious problem.
Such problems arise out of/arise from/are caused by...
There are various reasons why young people are becoming short-sighted.
Don’t read in the sun or in a poor light; don’t read in bed or in a moving bus.
The situation could be improved if...
An effective way to...is...
If you obey the rules above,I think,you may prevent your eyesight from becoming short-sighted.
佳作建构
假设你是中学生李华,你的外国朋友Jack在上次给你的电子邮件中抱怨自己最近眼睛近视了。请你用英语给他回一封电子邮件,内容如下:
1.介绍一下你们班同学近视的情况;
2.分析一下造成你们班这种情况的原因;
3.提出一些保持眼睛健康的建议。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头、结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,
I am sorry to hear that you are suffering from short-sightedness.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　　　 n.近视
2.　　　　　　　　 n.现象
3.　　　　　　　　 vt.影响;侵袭
4.　　　　　　　 定期的休息
5.　　　　　　 　 不良的阅读习惯
short-sightedness
phenomenon
affect
regular breaks
bad reading habits
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.坦率地说,越来越多的学生受到了近视的影响。
　　　　　　, more and more students 　　　 　　　 short-sightedness.
2.在我们班看到同学们戴着眼镜是很常见的。
　　　　　　　　 　　　　 to see classmates with glasses on in our class.
3.有很多原因导致了这种现象。
Many factors 　 .
To be frank
are affected by
It’s quite common
contribute to this phenomenon
4.首先,我们学生对学业成绩很重视。
First,we students 　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.我们花费大量时间学习,却忽视了必要的休息。
We spend　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 while neglecting to
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
attach so much importance to our academic performance
a large amount of time studying
take necessary breaks
6. 其次,不良的阅读习惯增加了近视的风险,原因要么是缺乏保护眼睛的知识,要么是粗心大意。
Second,　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 of developing short-sightedness due to either lack of knowledge of protecting eyes or carelessness.
7. 幸运的是,如果你能定时休息,并走到户外让你的眼睛看看绿树,这种情况会得到改善。
Luckily,the situation could be improved if
and go outside to let your eyes see green trees.
bad reading habits increase the risk
you can take regular breaks
8.此外,当你阅读时,最好避免离书本太近。
Besides,you’d better　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　while reading.
avoid being too close to the books
亮点提升
将第4句和第5句用so...that进行改写升级。
First,we students attach so much importance to our academic performance that we spend a large amount of time studying while neglecting to take necessary breaks.
范文展示
Dear Jack,
I am sorry to hear that you are suffering from short-sightedness. To be frank,more and more students are affected by short-sightedness.It’s quite common to see classmates with glasses on in our class.
Many factors contribute to this phenomenon.First,we students attach so much importance to our academic performance that we spend a large amount of time studying while neglecting to take necessary breaks.Second,
bad reading habits increase the risk of developing short-sightedness due to either lack of knowledge of protecting eyes or carelessness.
Luckily, the situation could be improved if you can take regular breaks and go outside to let your eyes see green trees.Besides, you’d better avoid being too close to the books while reading.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
写作练习
目前,越来越多的学生成了近视眼患者,这给他们的学习和生活带来了很多麻烦。假设你是新华中学高一学生李华,请你向某英文报社投稿,介绍当前青少年近视的现状,并提出预防近视的措施和建议。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
写作指导
One possible version:
Nowadays,there are more and more students becoming short-sighted.
Some students get short-sightedness at an early age.There are fifteen students wearing glasses in my class.Being short-sighted is common among students,even in primary schools.That is too serious.
Therefore,we should protect our eyes carefully.When we are reading and writing,we should keep a standard posture.Besides,we should not watch TV or play the computer for too long,which is bad for our eyes.And we should do eye exercises regularly.A good rest is also important to our eyes.
Hopefully, by adopting these practices, we will not only protect our vision but also enrich our overall well-being.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后 续写 微技 能之 “点” 情感 描写 grateful adj.感激的,表示感谢的　disturb vt.使不安;打扰→disturbing adj.令人不安的　anxiety n.焦虑;担心　without doubt毫无疑问
人物 描写 outgoing adj.外向的　surgeon n.外科医生　characteristic n.特征,特点　disabled adj.有残疾的,丧失能力的→disability n.缺陷,障碍
动作 描写 affect vt.影响;侵袭　relate vt.联系,使有联系　pace vi. & vt.来回踱步,走来走去 arise vi.发生,出现　 wrestle with努力处理,全力解决　adjust vt. & vi.调整,调节;适应　abuse vt.滥用
读后续写 微技能之 “线” I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and I hope to share my excitement with you today.(情感
描写)
First, the acupuncturist examines the patient, looking at the patient’s skin and tongue, listening to the sound of his or her voice and breathing, and smelling his or her breath.(动作描写)
While doubts about its safety have gradually disappeared, interest continues to grow.(情感描写)
读后 续写 微技能之“面”
读后续写——鼓足勇气克服困难
丈夫踱来踱去,妻子坐在窗边焦虑不安。令人不安的事情发生在他们唯一的儿子汤姆身上。他曾经外向活泼,却因一场意外而变得残疾。然而,汤姆接受了他的残疾。深受一则励志故事的影响,他决心从头再来。当汤姆决定全力克服他所面临的困难时,气氛似乎发生了变化。他很感激自己仍然有机会实现成为优秀外科医生的梦想。
The husband paced back and forth,and the wife sat by the window, 1.　　　　　　　.2.　　　　　　　　　　 happened to their only son Tom.He was once outgoing but became disabled due to an accident.However,Tom accepted his disability.3.
an inspiring story,he determined to start all over.The atmosphere seemed to change as Tom decided to 4.　　　　 　　　　　 he faced.He 5.　　　　　　　 　　he still had the chance to realize his dream of being an excellent surgeon.
with anxiety
Something disturbing
Affected by
wrestle with difficulties
was grateful that
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.specialize (also specialise) vi.专门研究(或从事),专攻→ adj.特殊的;专门的→ adv.特殊地;专门地→ n.专家;专科医生
2. affect vt.影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动→ n.喜爱;钟爱→
adj.深情的;表达爱意的
3.relate vi. & vt.联系,使有联系;叙述,讲述→ adj.有关系的;相关的→ n.关系,联系→ n.亲戚,亲属
special
specially
specialist
affection
affectionate
related
relation
relative
4.restrict vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束→ adj.有限的;受限的;受约束的→ n.限制;约束;制约因素
5.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能→ n.(尤指通过法律的)禁止;禁令
6.resistance n.抵抗力;抵制,反对;抵抗,反抗→ v.抵制,阻挡;反抗,抵抗;忍住→ adj.对……有抵抗力的,抵制的,反抗的,抗拒的
7.sensory adj.感觉的,感官的→ n.感官 v.感觉到→ adj.理智的,明智的→ adj.敏感的
restricted
restriction
prohibition
resist
resistant
sense
sensible
sensitive
8.disturb vt.使不安;打扰;搅乱→ adj.令人烦恼的;令人不安的→ adj.心神不安的;烦恼的→ n.干扰;骚乱;失调
9.adjust vt. & vi.调整,调节;适应,习惯;整理→ n.调整;调节→
adj.可调整的
10.evidence n.证据,证明;物证,人证 vt.证明,表明→ adj.明显的,清楚的→ adv.明显地
11.severe adj.十分严重的,极为恶劣的;严厉的;艰难的→ adv.严重地→ n.严重性
12.anxiety n.焦虑;担心;渴望→ adj.焦虑的;不安的→
adv.焦虑地;不安地
disturbing
disturbed
disturbance
adjustment
adjustable
evident
evidently
severely
severity
anxious
anxiously
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　　 涉及,与……有关
2. 禁止某人做某事
3. 努力处理,全力解决
4. 准备就绪
5. 毫无疑问,的确
6. 高龄
7. 装备;配备
relate to
prohibit sb from doing sth
wrestle with
put sth in place
without doubt
a ripe old age
be equipped with
8. 竭尽全力做某事,不遗余力做某事
9. 追溯到,始于,自……至今
10. 代替
go to great lengths to do sth
date back to
take the place of
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.it作形式宾语
Ultimately,this new technology might even
(有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病).
句式仿写
(他们认为学习第二语言很重要).
make it possible to prevent
diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on
They consider it important to learn a second language
2.not only...but also...的倒装句式
(它们不仅可以做更大范围的动作,而且还)they can also be controlled directly by the brain and feed sensory information back into it.
句式仿写
(他不仅英语说得流利,而且) he also writes it beautifully.
Not only can they make a much wider range of movements, but
Not only does he speak English fluently, but
3.独立主格结构
Up to now,more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified,
(每个穴位对应
身体的一个不同部位).
句式仿写
She closed her eyes tightly, (双手掩面).
each linked to a different part of the body
her face buried in her hands
4.so that引导目的状语从句
Needles are pushed into the skin at these points
(从而治疗一种疾病).
句式仿写
She learnt Chinese calligraphy
(以便能更好地了解中国文化).
so that a health problem
can be treated
so that she could understand Chinese
culture better(共17张PPT)
Unit 3　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The measures are intended to 　　　　 (恢复) public confidence in the economy.
2.Eating at a slower　　　　 (节奏) can help with digestion and prevent overeating.
3.They are preparing for a　　 　　 (辩论) on the importance of physical education.
4.The passage must be limited to no more than 500 words,so you should
　　　 　 (删去) some words.
5.Good sleep is　　　 　 (基本的) to overall well-being.
restore
pace
debate
delete
fundamental
6.Regular exercise is a　　 　　 (特征) of a healthy lifestyle.
7.The　　 　　 (外科医生) treated the patient’s waist with great care.
8.We need to find more effective　　　 　(方法) to solve this problem.
9.You should visit your 　　　　 (牙科医生) at least twice a year.
10.When our own rights and interests are damaged,we must take up the
　 　　　 (武器) of law to protect ourselves.
characteristic
surgeon
means
dentist
weapon
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.It is not your talents or abilities,but your choices that 　 　 (ultimate) decide your fate.
2.Inside these zones,traffic speeds are 　 　　　 (restrict) to 20 km/h.
3.The children are anxiously waiting for the apples to 　　 　　 (ripe).
4.As an exchange student,I have a great 　　 　　 (affect) for China.
5.It is 　　　 　 (normal) for a baby to have teeth at the age of two months.
ultimately
restricted
ripen
affection
abnormal
6.The 　 　　　 (find) of the commission will be published today.
7.Today,there are many charitable organizations which 　　 　　 (special) in helping the weary travellers.
8.The need to communicate is a key 　　　 　 (character) of human society.
9.Since the new 　　　 　 (prohibit) of drunk driving was introduced,the number of accidents in the area has fallen sharply.
10.There has been a lot of　　 　　 (resist) to this new law.
findings
specialize
characteristic
prohibition
resistance
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.他现在正在努力解决这个问题。(wrestle with)
He is wrestling with this problem right now.
2.这项新政策与提高教育质量的目标密切相关。 (relate to)
This new policy is closely related to the goal of improving the quality of
education.
3.图书馆内禁止吸烟。 (sb be prohibited from doing)
People are prohibited from smoking in the library.
4.毫无疑问,保持一个积极的态度可以极大地影响一个人的幸福感和生活满意度。(without doubt)
Without doubt,maintaining a positive attitude can greatly influence a
person’s happiness and life satisfaction.
5.由于雨下得很大,我们决定待在家里。(as引导原因状语从句)
As it was raining heavily,we decided to stay at home.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Just like happiness and sadness,anxiety is part of everyone’s lived experience—but it’s not always tolerated as such.“People often spend too much time and effort trying to rid anxiety,” says Dr Joel Minden,a clinical psychologist.“I encourage them to remember that anxiety is a normal emotional response.”
If you try to banish anxiety,all you’re doing is putting it more at the forefront of your mind.But if you accept anxiety as part of life,you can learn to relate to it with self-pity or even with humour.This is a cornerstone of acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT),which has been gaining clinical validation,including by the American Psychological Association.
ACT guides people to see their unpleasant emotions as just feelings and to accept that parts of life are hard.Sufferers are encouraged to begin a dialogue with anxious thoughts,examining their causes while also keeping in mind their personal goals and values.
This way of relating to anxiety has been a powerful strategy for John Bateman,the 52-year-old host of the podcast Our Anxiety Stories.
When negative thoughts arise,he acknowledges them but doesn’t let them drive his decisions.Over the years,Bateman has noticed that if he submits to his thoughts,they don’t go away but dramatically increase.
But if he recognises them for what they are,just a passing thought and not a fact that needs to be acted on,they gradually go away.
Learning to live with anxiety is an individual process and one that requires trial and error to get just right.While acceptance is the first and most important step to take,some lifestyle changes have been proven to take the edge off as well.Since tiredness,increased tension and stress leave us much easier to fall into anxiety,a well-balanced diet,sufficient rest and,especially,regular exercise can help us manage it better.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了临床心理学家建议学会用自怜甚至幽默的方式来对待焦虑,此外,文章还介绍了一种心理疗法并给出了应对焦虑的建议。
(　　)1.What may Dr Joel Minden agree about anxiety
[A] It goes hand in hand with joy.
[B] It should be seriously taken.
[C] It is easily-earned experience.
[D] It is often improperly treated.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,Dr Joel Minden认为焦虑经常被不恰当地处理。故选D。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “banish” mean in Paragraph 2
[A] Ignore.
[B] Hide.
[C] Recognise.
[D] Control.
D
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第二段第二句可知,此处提到了接受焦虑的情况,由此可知,画线词所在句是在说明试图控制焦虑的情况,故画线词意思是“控制”,与Control意思一致。故选D。
(　　)3.Why does the author mention John Bateman in Paragraph 3
[A] To explain a strategy.
[B] To describe a phenomenon.
[C] To present a successful case.
[D] To introduce a public figure.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知,作者在第三段提到John Bateman是为了提供一个成功的案例。故选C。
(　　)4.What is advised to deal with anxiety in the last part
[A] Concentrating on the process.
[B] Making lifestyle adjustments.
[C] Avoiding exposure to pressure.
[D] Learning to get things in place.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知,作者在最后一段中建议通过调整生活方式来应对焦虑。故选B。

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