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Unit 6 Sunshine for all 单词解析三
1.greatly(副词)非常，很
[用法讲解] greatly在句中常用来修饰动词，形容词。
Eg: The new policy greatly benefited small businesses.
新政策让小企业受益匪浅。
I was greatly surprised by the news.
我对这个消息感到非常惊讶。
[常见搭配] greatly differ/ vary 差异很大
Eg: Opinions on this issue greatly differ among experts.
专家们对这个问题的看法差异很大。
[派生词] great为形容词，译为"伟大的，极大的";
greatness为名词，译为"伟大，卓越".
Eg: She made a great contribution to the project.
她为这个项目做出了巨大贡献。
His greatness as a leader was recognized by all.
他作为领导者的伟大得到了所有人的认可。
[即学即用]
We_________ (great) appreciate your timely help.
答案：greatly
2.influence(动词/名词) 影响
[用法讲解] influence在表示"影响力，势力，权力"时为不可数名词；influence在表示"有影响的人/事物，有权势者"，其复数形式为influences.
Eg: The weather an influence our mood.
天气可以影响我们的情绪。
His parents have a great influence on his career choice.
他的父母对他的职业选择有很大影响。
The celebrity is a big influence on fashion trends.
这位名人对时尚潮流有很大影响。
[常见搭配] have an influence on ... 对... 有影响
under the influence of... 在...的影响上
influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事
be influenced by... 被...影响
people of influence 有权势的人
Eg: The movie has a positive influence on young people.
这部电影对年轻人有积极的影响。
The child's behavior changed under the influence of his friends.
这个孩子的行为在他朋友的影响下发生了改变。
His example influenced me to work harder.
他的榜样影响我更加努力地工作。
She is influenced by her parents' values.
她受到父母价值观的影响。
We should seek advice from people of influence.
我们应该向有权势的人征求意见。
[派生词] influential为形容词，译为"有影响的，有权势的".
Eg: He is an influential figure in the business world.
他是商界一个有影响的人物。
[即学即用]
老师的话对学生未来的选择产生了很大影响。
The teacher's words____________________the students' future choices.
答案：had a great influence on
3.cross(动词)穿越，横过
[用法讲解]cross作动词还可译为"反对，违背";cross还可为名词，译为"十字架，十字形记号";cross还可为形容词，译为"生气的，恼怒的".
Eg: The river is too wide to cross.
这条河太宽，跨不过去。
The two lines cross at this point.
这两条线在这个点相交。
Don't cross your parents' wishes.
不要违背你父母的意愿。
Make a cross on the map where you are.
在地图上你所在的位置做个十字记号。
He was cross with me for being late.
大为我迟到了，他对我很生气。
[常见搭配] cross one's mind 突然想到
cross out 划掉，删除
be cross with sb. 和某人生气
Eg: It never crossed my mind that he would lie to me.
我从未想到他会对我说谎。
Cross out the wrong answers.
把错误的答案划掉。
He was cross with himself for forgetting the keys.
他因忘记钥匙而自责。
[派生词] across为介词，译为"穿过";
crossing为名词，译为"十字路口，交叉点".
Eg: Please be careful when you walk across the street.
过马路时请当心。
Take care at the crossing.
在十字路口要小心。
[即学即用]
__________ the road at the zebra__________(cross).
答案：Cross; crossing
4.charity(名词)慈善机构(或组织)
[用法讲解] charity为可数名词，其复数形式为charities.
Eg: She donated half her salary to charity.
她把一半工资捐给了慈善事业。
[常见搭配] charity event 慈善活动
out of charity 出于仁慈
Eg: The gala dinner is an annual charity event.
这场晚宴是年度慈善活动。
She offered her help out of charity, not obligation.
她提供帮助是出于仁慈，而非义务。
[派生词]其形容词形式为charitable，译为"慷慨的，仁慈的".
Eg: She likes to take part in the charitable activities.
她喜欢参加慈善活动。
[即学即用]
She runs a ____________(慈善机构)for homeless children.
答案：charity
5.western(形容词)西部的，西方国家的
[用法讲解] western常作定语，修饰名词。
Eg:England is a western country.
英国是一个西方国家。
[常见搭配] western region 西部地区
Eg: Developing Education is a key to the development of the western regions.
发展民族教育是西部大开发的重要基础。
[派生词] west为名词，译为"西方，西部"；也可为形容词，译为"西方的".
Eg: The sun was sinking in the west.
太阳西坠。
[即学即用]
The restaurant serves both___________(west) and Asian food.
答案：western
6.popularity(名词)受欢迎，普及
[用法讲解] popularity为不可数名词，还可译为"热销".
Eg:The app's popularity grew rapidly among teenagers.
这款应用在青少年中迅速走红。
The product's popularity led to shortages.
这款产品的热销导致缺货。
[常见搭配] rise/ grow in popularity 变得流行
Eg: Electric cars are growing in popularity due to environmental concerns.
由于环境关注电车变得流行。
[派生词] popular为形容词，译为"流行的，受欢迎的";
popularize为动词，译为"推广，使普及".
Eg: K- pop has become popular worldwide, especially among young people.
K-pop在全球变得流行，尤其在年轻人中。
Social media helped popularize the trend of minimalist lifestyles.
社交媒体帮助推广了极简生活方式的风潮。
[即学即用]
The singer continues to enjoy___________(popular) in recent seasons.
答案：popularity
7.chemistry(名词)化学
[用法讲解] chemistry为不可数名词。
Eg: She studies chemistry at university.
她在大学学习化学。
[常见搭配] have chemistry (with sb.) (和某人)有默契/有吸引力
lack chemistry 缺乏默契
Eg: The actors had amazing chemistry on screen.
这些演员在影评上很有吸引力。
The team lacked chemistry, which affected their performance.
这个团队缺乏默契，影响了他们的表演。
[派生词]chemical为形容词，译为"化学的"; chemical还可为名词，译为"化学品";
chemist为名词，译为"化学家".
Eg: The chemical reaction produced a bright blue light.
这个化学反应产生了明亮的蓝光。
Always wear gloves when handing dangerous chemicals.
处理危险化学品时务必戴手套。
Marie Curie was a famous chemist who discovered radium.
居里夫人是发现镭的著名化学家。
[即学即用]
Our __________(化学)professor won the Nobel Prize.
答案：chemistry
8.north-western(形容词)西北的，西北方向的
[用法讲解] north-western在句中常作定语。
Eg: The north- western part of China is rich in mineral resources.
中国西北地区矿产资源丰富。
[即学即用]
A strong ______________(西北的)wind will bring cooler temperatures.
答案：north-western
9.north-eastern(形容词)东北的，东北方向的
[用法讲解] north-eastern在句中常作定语。
Eg: The north - eastern coast has many natural harbors.
东北海岸有许多天然港口。
[即学即用]
Cold air from the ___________(东北的) direction will arrive tomorrow.
答案：north-eastern
10.suffer(动词)受折磨，遭受，变差
[用法讲解] suffer也可为名词，译为"痛苦，折磨".
Eg: As long as I am here, I won't the child suffer.
只要有我在，就不能让孩子受苦。
[常见搭配] suffer from... 遭受某种痛苦
suffer due to ... 因某种原因而遭受
suffer in silence 默默承受，忍受
Eg: She suffered from a bad cold last week.
上周她感冒了。
Many families are suffering due to lack of access to clean water.
许多家庭由于无法获得干净的水资源而受苦。
She suffered in silence rather than ask for help.
她选择默默承受，而不是寻求帮助。
[即学即用]
很多人有失眠的困扰。
Many people____________ insomnia.
答案：suffer from
11.blood(名词)血液
[用法讲解] blood为不可数名词，还可译为"统，家族关系".
Eg: The doctor took a blood sample for testing.
医生采了血样做检测。
They share the same blood despite different nationalities.
尽管国籍不同，他们有共同血统。
[常见搭配] blood test 验血
blood type 血型
blood pressure 血压
in cold blood 冷酷无情地
new/ fresh blood 新成员
blood is thicker than water 血浓于水
Eg: The doctor ordered a blood test to check for infections.
医生安排验血来检查感染。
A person with blood type AB can donate red blood cells to anyone.
一个AB血型的人可以捐血红细胞给任何人。
High blood pressure requires medical attention.
高血压需要药物护理。
The crime was committed in cold blood.
罪犯被认定为冷酷无情。
The company needs fresh blood to innovate.
为了革新这个公司需要新成员。
She helped her brother despite their fights - blood thicker than water.
尽管他们打架了她还是帮助她的兄弟--血浓于水。
[派生词] bleed为动词，译为"流血";
bleeding为名词，译为"出血";bleeding也可为形容词，译为"流血的".
Eg: His wound is bleeding.
他的伤口在流血。
The nurse applied pressure to stop the bleeding.
护士按压伤口以止血。
He had a bleeding wound on his arm.
他手臂上有一处流血的伤口。
[即学即用]
I have been known to faint at the sight of b________.
答案：blood
12.disease(名词)病，疾病
[用法讲解] disease为可数名词，其复数形式为diseases.
Eg: Regular exercise reduces the risk of heart disease.
规律运动降低心脏病风险。
[常见搭配] a disease of society 社会弊病
Eg: Corruption is a disease of modern society.
贪污是现代社会的弊病。
[派生词] diseased为形容词，译为"患病的，有病害的".
Eg: The diseased tree had to be cut down to prevent the infection from spreading.
这棵患病的树不得不被砍伐，以防止病害蔓延。
[易混辨析] illness与disease区别：
illness侧重描述身体或心理上处于不健康的状态，不一定有明确的病因或病理特征；
disease通常指具体的，有明确病理特征和病因的疾病，强调医学上的专业性和严重性。
Eg: He took a leave of absence because of illness.
他因生病请假了。
Cancer is a serious disease that affects many people worldwide.
癌症是一种严重影响全球许多人的严重疾病。
[即学即用]
What_________(疾病) causes these symptoms
答案：disease
13.operation(名词)手术
[用法讲解] operation常为可数名词；operation也可为不可数名词，此时译为"运转/操作的过程".
Eg: She has had three operations this year.
她今年做了三次手术。
The operation of this machine requires training.
操作这台机器需要培训。
[常见搭配] perform/ carry out an operation实施手术
in operation 运行中
Eg: The surgeon will perform the operation tomorrow.
外科医生明天将实施手术。
The new policy has been in operation since January.
新的政策从一月份以来一直在运行。
[派生词] operate为动词，译为"操作，运转，做手术";
operator为名词，译为"操作员，接线员，经营."
Eg: The surgeon will operate on the patient tomorrow morning.
外科医生明早将为患者做手术。
The operator controls the crane with precision.
操作员精准控制起重机。
[即学即用]
The patient recovered well after the_________(operate).
答案：operation
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共35张PPT)
Unit 6 Sunshine for all
八年级
译林版2024
下
单词解析三
1.greatly(副词)非常，很
[用法讲解] greatly在句中常用来修饰动词，形容词。
Eg: The new policy greatly benefited small businesses.
新政策让小企业受益匪浅。
I was greatly surprised by the news.
我对这个消息感到非常惊讶。
[常见搭配]greatly differ/ vary差异很大
Eg:Opinionson this issue greatly differ among experts.
专家们对这个问题的看法差异很大。
[派生词] great为形容词，译为"伟大的，极大的";
greatness为名词，译为"伟大，卓越".
Eg: She made a great contribution to the project.
她为这个项目做出了巨大贡献。
His greatness as a leader was recognized by all.
他作为领导者的伟大得到了所有人的认可。
[即学即用]
We_________(great) appreciate yourtimely help.
greatly
2.influence(动词/名词) 影响
[用法讲解] influence在表示"影响力，势力，权力"时为不可数名词；influence在表示"有影响的人/事物，有权势者"，其复数形式为influences.
Eg: The weather an influence our mood.
天气可以影响我们的情绪。
His parents have a great influence on his career choice.
他的父母对他的职业选择有很大影响。
The celebrity is a big influence on fashion trends.
这位名人对时尚潮流有很大影响。
[常见搭配]have an influence on ...对...有影响
under the influence of...在...的影响上
influence sb. to do sth.影响某人做某事
be influenced by...被...影响
people of influence有权势的人
Eg: The movie has a positive influence on young people.
这部电影对年轻人有积极的影响。
The child's behavior changed under the influence of his friends.
这个孩子的行为在他朋友的影响下发生了改变。
His example influenced me to work harder.
他的榜样影响我更加努力地工作。
She is influenced by her parents' values.
她受到父母价值观的影响。
We should seek advice from people of influence.
我们应该向有权势的人征求意见。
[派生词] influential为形容词，译为"有影响的，有权势的".
Eg: He isan influentialfigure inthe business world.
他是商界一个有影响的人物。
[即学即用]
老师的话对学生未来的选择产生了很大影响。
The teacher's words____________________the students' future choices.
had a great influence on
3.cross(动词)穿越，横过
[用法讲解]cross作动词还可译为"反对，违背";cross还可为名词，译为"十字架，十字形记号";cross还可为形容词，译为"生气的，恼怒的".
Eg: The river is too wide to cross.
这条河太宽，跨不过去。
The two lines cross at this point.
这两条线在这个点相交。
Don't cross your parents' wishes.
不要违背你父母的意愿。
Make a cross on the map where you are.
在地图上你所在的位置做个十字记号。
He was cross with me for being late.
大为我迟到了，他对我很生气。
[常见搭配]cross one's mind突然想到
cross out划掉，删除
be cross with sb.和某人生气
Eg: It never crossed my mind that he would lie to me.
我从未想到他会对我说谎。
Cross out the wrong answers.
把错误的答案划掉。
He was cross with himself for forgetting the keys.
他因忘记钥匙而自责。
[派生词]across为介词，译为"穿过";
crossing为名词，译为"十字路口，交叉点".
Eg:Please becareful when you walk across the street.
过马路时请当心。
Take care at the crossing.
在十字路口要小心。
[即学即用]
__________ the road at the zebra__________(cross).
Cross
crossing
4.charity(名词)慈善机构(或组织)
[用法讲解]charity为可数名词，其复数形式为charities.
Eg: She donated half her salary to charity.
她把一半工资捐给了慈善事业。
[常见搭配]charity event慈善活动
out of charity出于仁慈
Eg: The gala dinner is an annual charity event.
这场晚宴是年度慈善活动。
She offered her help out of charity, not obligation.
她提供帮助是出于仁慈，而非义务。
[派生词]其形容词形式为charitable，译为"慷慨的，仁慈的".
Eg:She likesto take part in the charitable activities.
她喜欢参加慈善活动。
[即学即用]
She runs a ____________(慈善机构)for homeless children.
charity
5.western(形容词)西部的，西方国家的
[用法讲解]western常作定语，修饰名词。
Eg:England is a western country.
英国是一个西方国家。
[常见搭配]western region西部地区
Eg: Developing Education is a key to the development of the western regions.
发展民族教育是西部大开发的重要基础。
[派生词] west为名词，译为"西方，西部"；也可为形容词，译为"西方的".
Eg: The sun was sinking in the west.
太阳西坠。
[即学即用]
The restaurant serves both___________(west) and Asian food.
western
6.popularity(名词)受欢迎，普及
[用法讲解] popularity为不可数名词，还可译为"热销".
Eg:The app's popularity grew rapidly among teenagers.
这款应用在青少年中迅速走红。
The product's popularity led to shortages.
这款产品的热销导致缺货。
[常见搭配]rise/ grow in popularity变得流行
Eg:Electric cars are growing in popularity due to environmental concerns.
由于环境关注电车变得流行。
[派生词] popular为形容词，译为"流行的，受欢迎的";
popularize为动词，译为"推广，使普及".
Eg: K- pop has become popular worldwide, especially among young people.
K-pop在全球变得流行，尤其在年轻人中。
Social media helped popularize the trend of minimalist lifestyles.
社交媒体帮助推广了极简生活方式的风潮。
[即学即用]
The singer continues to enjoy___________(popular) in recent seasons.
popularity
7.chemistry(名词)化学
[用法讲解]chemistry为不可数名词。
Eg: She studies chemistry at university.
她在大学学习化学。
[常见搭配]have chemistry (with sb.)(和某人)有默契/有吸引力
lack chemistry缺乏默契
Eg: The actors had amazing chemistry on screen.
这些演员在影评上很有吸引力。
The team lacked chemistry, which affected their performance.
这个团队缺乏默契，影响了他们的表演。
[派生词]chemical为形容词，译为"化学的"; chemical还可为名词，译为"化学品";
chemist为名词，译为"化学家".
Eg: The chemical reaction produced a bright blue light.
这个化学反应产生了明亮的蓝光。
Always wear gloves when handing dangerous chemicals.
处理危险化学品时务必戴手套。
Marie Curie was a famous chemist who discovered radium.
居里夫人是发现镭的著名化学家。
[即学即用]
Our __________(化学)professor won the Nobel Prize.
chemistry
8.north-western(形容词)西北的，西北方向的
[用法讲解]north-western在句中常作定语。
Eg: The north- western part of China is rich in mineral resources.
中国西北地区矿产资源丰富。
[即学即用]
A strong ______________(西北的)wind will bring cooler temperatures.
north-western
9.north-eastern(形容词)东北的，东北方向的
[用法讲解]north-eastern在句中常作定语。
Eg: The north - eastern coast has many natural harbors.
东北海岸有许多天然港口。
[即学即用]
Cold air from the ___________(东北的) direction will arrive tomorrow.
north-eastern
10.suffer(动词)受折磨，遭受，变差
[用法讲解] suffer也可为名词，译为"痛苦，折磨".
Eg: As long as I am here, I won't the child suffer.
只要有我在，就不能让孩子受苦。
[常见搭配]suffer from...遭受某种痛苦
suffer due to ...因某种原因而遭受
suffer in silence默默承受，忍受
Eg: She suffered from a bad cold last week.
上周她感冒了。
Many families are suffering due to lack of access to clean water.
许多家庭由于无法获得干净的水资源而受苦。
She suffered in silence rather than ask for help.
她选择默默承受，而不是寻求帮助。
[即学即用]
很多人有失眠的困扰。
Many people____________insomnia.
suffer from
11.blood(名词)血液
[用法讲解] blood为不可数名词，还可译为"统，家族关系".
Eg: The doctor took a blood sample for testing.
医生采了血样做检测。
They share the same blood despite different nationalities.
尽管国籍不同，他们有共同血统。
[常见搭配]blood test验血
blood type血型
blood pressure血压
in cold blood冷酷无情地
new/ fresh blood新成员
blood is thicker than water血浓于水
Eg: The doctor ordered a blood test to check for infections.
医生安排验血来检查感染。
A person with blood type AB can donate red blood cells to anyone.
一个AB血型的人可以捐血红细胞给任何人。
High blood pressure requires medicalattention.
高血压需要药物护理。
The crime was committed in cold blood.
罪犯被认定为冷酷无情。
The company needs fresh blood to innovate.
为了革新这个公司需要新成员。
She helped her brother despite their fights - blood thicker than water.
尽管他们打架了她还是帮助她的兄弟--血浓于水。
[派生词] bleed为动词，译为"流血";
bleeding为名词，译为"出血";bleeding也可为形容词，译为"流血的".
Eg: His wound is bleeding.
他的伤口在流血。
Thenurse appliedpressureto stop the bleeding.
护士按压伤口以止血。
He had a bleeding wound on his arm.
他手臂上有一处流血的伤口。
[即学即用]
I have been known to faint at the sight of b________.
lood
12.disease(名词)病，疾病
[用法讲解]disease为可数名词，其复数形式为diseases.
Eg: Regular exercise reduces the risk of heart disease.
规律运动降低心脏病风险。
[常见搭配]a disease of society社会弊病
Eg: Corruption is a disease of modern society.
贪污是现代社会的弊病。
[派生词] diseased为形容词，译为"患病的，有病害的".
Eg: The diseased tree had to be cut down to prevent the infection from spreading.
这棵患病的树不得不被砍伐，以防止病害蔓延。
[易混辨析] illness与disease区别：
illness侧重描述身体或心理上处于不健康的状态，不一定有明确的病因或病理特征；
disease通常指具体的，有明确病理特征和病因的疾病，强调医学上的专业性和严重性。
Eg: He took a leave of absence because of illness.
他因生病请假了。
Cancer is a serious disease that affects many people worldwide.
癌症是一种严重影响全球许多人的严重疾病。
[即学即用]
What_________(疾病)causes these symptoms
disease
13.operation(名词)手术
[用法讲解]operation常为可数名词；operation也可为不可数名词，此时译为"运转/操作的过程".
Eg: She has had three operations this year.
她今年做了三次手术。
The operation of this machine requires training.
操作这台机器需要培训。
[常见搭配] perform/ carry out an operation实施手术
in operation 运行中
Eg:The surgeon will perform the operation tomorrow.
外科医生明天将实施手术。
The new policy has been in operation since January.
新的政策从一月份以来一直在运行。
[派生词] operate为动词，译为"操作，运转，做手术";
operator为名词，译为"操作员，接线员，经营."
Eg: The surgeon will operate on the patient tomorrow morning.
外科医生明早将为患者做手术。
Theoperatorcontrols the crane with precision.
操作员精准控制起重机。
[即学即用]
The patient recovered well after the_________(operate).
operation
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