资源简介

U5 Looking into nature语法讲义—宾语从句1
教材原句
For hundreds of years, people believed that dinosaurs looked like huge lizards.
数百年来，人们一直认为恐龙的外形就像巨大的蜥蜴。
They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers, but that's not all.
它告诉我们恐龙是否有羽毛，但其价值远不止于此。
语法要点
第一个句子中，动词believe后面用了一个that引出的完整句子作宾语。第二个句子中，tell后面有两个宾语，一个是us，另一个是whether引出的完整句子。这样放在动词后面作宾语的句子我们称作宾语从句。
语法讲解
宾语从句定义
（一）什么是宾语？
主语 谓语 宾语
He remembered the taxi number. ( )
seeing him. ( )
to feed the fish before leaving. ( )
that this park used to be much quieter. ( )
宾语从句的定义
称为宾语从句。
宾语从句分类：
I suppose that nature is full of magic secrets. ____________________
We are talking about whether amber has amazing magic. ____________________
I’m afraid that we can’t unlock more secrets in amber. ____________________
宾语从句三要素： ， ，
引导词
that引导的宾语从句
从句是__________时，用________引导， 无词义，只起连接作用，一般可省略。
Eg1. I think. She is a teacher. I think (____________) she is a teacher.
Eg2. Do you know His father is a doctor.
Do you know ____________________________
主句的主语是I或we，谓语为think, believe, suppose, guess，know等动词时，宾语从句的否定词not习惯上要转移到主句中，即“否定转移”。
Eg1. 我相信他不会做如此愚蠢的事。
I believe that he will not do such a silly thing.
________________________________________________________
Eg2. 我认为明天不会下雨。
that在宾语从句中不能省略的情况
Eg1. He said (that) the book was very interesting and that (不省略) all the children liked to read it.
2. It says, on the card, that is made in China
3. I think it necessary that he should stay here.
4. I can’t tell him that his father died.
5. She says that that is a good idea.
【总结】
1. 并列多个宾语从句，第__________个及以后的 that 不能省略。
2. 主句和从句之间有____________隔开时。
3. 主句中有it作_____________
4. 当宾语从句做双宾语中的_______________。
5. that作从句的 时。
【练一练】利用下表中的短语，写出5句话
eg：He says （that）he feels ill.
If/whether引导的宾语从句
1.从句是__________时，用___________引导，表“是否”。
从句要用陈述句语序：主语+谓语+其他。
Eg1. Do you know Is his father a doctor
Do you know ？
Eg2. Does Kate get up early Do you know
Do you know ____________________________
【练一练】 that 或 if/ whether 填空
1. Lisa believes __________ she will win the tennis match.
2. I don’t know ____________ Tom is an English teacher.
3. We haven’t decided__________we will go on a picnic this weekend.
4. My foreign friends wonder __________ December is the best time to visit Hainan.
5. Annie said ___________ she would return the book to Emily as soon as possible.
2.以下情况只能用whether
Eg1. It depends on whether it is going to rain. 在______________后；
Eg2. They asked me/ whether to go fishing tomorrow. 在______________前；
Eg3. I don’t know whether he will come or not. 与______________连用；
Eg4. Whether he will come, I can’t say. 位于_____________时。
【练一练】选择if/whether填空
1. I asked her ______________ she had a bike.
2. We’re worried about ______________ he is safe.
3. I wonder_______________ he is well.
4. I don’t know _________________ or not he is well.
5. I don’t know _________________ to go.
时态
1. 观察下列句子，请圈出主句谓语动词和宾语从句的谓语动词。
I think (that) you are right.
She says (that) she won't take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.
He told me (that) he was sick.
He said (that) he was watching TV at eight last night.
The teacher said (that) the earth moves around the sun.
【总结】1.当主句为_____________时态，从句的时态_______________________.
2.当主句为_____________时态，从句的时态_______________________.
3.当从句为_____________，从句的时态为_________________________.
【口诀】
2. 当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。
Eg1. He said. He will go to Xi’an. _______________________________________________
Eg2. He said. He is ill. _________________________________________________________
Eg3. He told me. he is reading a book. _____________________________________________
【练一练】
1.Our teacher told us that light______________(travel) much faster than sound.
2. Please tell me if she _______________ (come) again next time.
3. The teacher told us the sun________________(rise) in the east .
4. She doesn’t know if they _________________ (come) tomorrow.
5. We were sure that he_______________(go) to school tomorrow .
6. He asked me if I ______________ (know) his name.
7. Mum said that she ________________ (buy) me a book later.
8. I didn’t know whether they ________________ (play) basketball at 5 yesterday afternoon.
语法专练
用that / if / whether 填空，每空一词
I think ______ he is good at playing basketball.
She asks ______ you will come to the party or not.
Our teacher said ______ the earth goes around the sun.
Could you tell me ______ there is a bookstore near here
I don’t know ______ they like swimming.
单选
( )1. I’m sure ______ we can do well in the English speaking competition.
A. that B. how C. if D. whether
( )2. Kelly hopes ______ she will make new friends in the club.
A. whether B. if C. what D. /
( )3. I don’t know ________ or not he will come to the party.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
( )4. The doctor told the students ______ they’d better do exercise during the break.
A. whether B. if C. that D. what
( )5. After training for a long time, Lily thinks ______ she is good at playing tennis and ______ she is able to teach her sister to play tennis.
A. that; that B. that; / C. /; how D. that; what
三. 将下列句子改写成宾语从句
1.He is a good student. I think.
2.Will they go for a picnic She wants to know.
3.The light travels faster than sound. Our teacher told us.
4.Is he at home now I don’t know.
5.He is honest. I thought.
Does she like music He asked.
Tom will come soon. She said.
8.Is there a bank nearby They wondered.
9.The moon goes around the earth. The scientist told us.
Will he accept our invitation We want to know …or not.
答案
语法讲解
宾语从句定义
（一）什么是宾语？
主语 谓语 宾语
He remembered the taxi number. ( 名词短语 )
seeing him. ( 动词-ing形式 )
to feed the fish before leaving. ( 动词不定式 )
that this park used to be much quieter. ( 完整句子 ) 引导词 主 谓 宾
（二）宾语从句的定义
在主从复合句中充当宾语的句子 称为宾语从句。
宾语从句分类：
I suppose that nature is full of magic secrets. __及物动词后______
We are talking about whether amber has amazing magic. __介词后__________
I’m afraid that we can’t unlock more secrets in amber. __系动词+形容词____
宾语从句三要素： 时态 ， 语序 ， 引导词
引导词
that引导的宾语从句
从句是__陈述句__时，用__that__引导， that 无词义，只起连接作用，一般可省略。
Eg1. I think. She is a teacher. I think (___that___) she is a teacher.
Eg2. Do you know His father is a doctor.
Do you know __that his father is a doctor__
主句的主语是I或we，谓语为think, believe, suppose, guess，know等动词时，宾语从句的否定词not习惯上要转移到主句中，即“否定转移”。
Eg1. 我相信他不会做如此愚蠢的事。
I believe that he will not do such a silly thing.
___I don't believe that he will do such a silly thing.______
Eg2. 我认为明天不会下雨。
I don't think that it will rain tomorrow.
that在宾语从句中不能省略的情况
Eg1. He said (that) the book was very interesting and that (不省略) all the children liked to read it.
2. It says, on the card, that is made in China
3. I think it necessary that he should stay here.
4. I can’t tell him that his father died.
5. She says that that is a good idea.
【总结】
1. 并列多个宾语从句，第__二__个及以后的 that 不能省略。
2. 主句和从句之间有___插入语__隔开时。
3. 主句中有it作__形式宾语____
4. 当宾语从句做双宾语中的___直接宾语__。
5. that作从句的 主语 时。
【练一练】利用下表中的短语，写出5句话
eg：He says （that）he feels ill.
If/whether引导的宾语从句
1.从句是_一般疑问句_时，用_if/whether_引导，表“是否”。
从句要用陈述句语序：主语+谓语+其他。
Eg1. Do you know Is his father a doctor
Do you know if/whether his father is a doctor ？
Eg2. Does Kate get up early Do you know
Do you know __if/whether Kate gets up early_____
【练一练】 that 或 if/ whether 填空
1. Lisa believes ___ that ___ she will win the tennis match.
2. I don’t know ___if/whether _ Tom is an English teacher.
3. We haven’t decided__if/whether _we will go on a picnic this weekend.
4. My foreign friends wonder __if/whether __ December is the best time to visit Hainan.
5. Annie said __ that ____ she would return the book to Emily as soon as possible.
2.以下情况只能用whether
Eg1. It depends on whether it is going to rain. 在____介词___后；
Eg2. They asked me/ whether to go fishing tomorrow. 在___不定式___前；
Eg3. I don’t know whether he will come or not. 与___or not____连用；
Eg4. Whether he will come, I can’t say. 位于__句首______时。
【练一练】选择if/whether填空
1. I asked her __if/whether ___ she had a bike.
2. We’re worried about ___whether___ he is safe.
3. I wonder___if/whether ____ he is well.
4. I don’t know ____whether______ or not he is well.
5. I don’t know ____whether_____ to go.
时态
1. 观察下列句子，请圈出主句谓语动词和宾语从句的谓语动词。
I think (that) you are right.
She says (that) she won't take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.
He told me (that) he was sick.
He said (that) he was watching TV at eight last night.
The teacher said (that) the earth moves around the sun.
【总结】1.当主句为__一般现在__时态，从句的时态__不受限制，视情况而定__.
2.当主句为__一般过去___时态，从句的时态___变为过去的某种时态__.
3.当从句为__客观事实__，从句的时态为__一般现在时_______.
【口诀】 主现从随意
主过从过去
客观真理永不变
从用一般现在
2. 当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。
Eg1. He said. He will go to Xi’an. ___He said that he would go to Xi'an._______
Eg2. He said. He is ill. _____He said that he was ill._______________
Eg3. He told me. he is reading a book. ____He told me that he was reading a book._______【练一练】
1.Our teacher told us that light___travels___(travel) much faster than sound.
2. Please tell me if she __will come__ (come) again next time.
3. The teacher told us the sun____rises_____(rise) in the east .
4. She doesn’t know if they ___will come___ (come) tomorrow.
5. We were sure that he__would go___(go) to school tomorrow .
6. He asked me if I ___knew____ (know) his name.
7. Mum said that she ___would buy__ (buy) me a book later.
8. I didn’t know whether they __were playing__ (play) basketball at 5 yesterday afternoon.
语法专练
用that / if / whether 填空，每空一词
I think _that_ he is good at playing basketball.
She asks _whether_ you will come to the party or not.
Our teacher said _that_ the earth goes around the sun.
Could you tell me _ if / whether_ there is a bookstore near here
I don’t know _ if / whether__ they like swimming.
单选
( )1. I’m sure ______ we can do well in the English speaking competition.
A. that B. how C. if D. whether
( )2. Kelly hopes ______ she will make new friends in the club.
A. whether B. if C. what D. /
( )3. I don’t know ________ or not he will come to the party.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
( )4. The doctor told the students ______ they’d better do exercise during the break.
A. whether B. if C. that D. what
( )5. After training for a long time, Lily thinks ______ she is good at playing tennis and ______ she is able to teach her sister to play tennis.
A. that; that B. that; / C. /; how D. that; what
三. 将下列句子改写成宾语从句
1.He is a good student. I think.
I think that he is a good student.
2.Will they go for a picnic She wants to know.
She wants to know if / whether they will go for a picnic.
3.The light travels faster than sound. Our teacher told us.
Our teacher told us that the light travels faster than sound.
4.Is he at home now I don’t know.
I don’t know if / whether he is at home now.
5.He is honest. I thought.
I thought that he was honest.
6.Does she like music He asked.
He asked if / whether she liked music.
7.Tom will come soon. She said.
She said that Tom would come soon.
8.Is there a bank nearby They wondered.
They wondered if / whether there was a bank nearby.
9.The moon goes around the earth. The scientist told us.
The scientist told us that the moon goes around the earth.
10.Will he accept our invitation We want to know …or not.
We want to know whether he will accept our invitation or not.

展开更多......

收起↑