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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2026年北京中考模拟汇编---阅读单选（解析版）
姓名：___________学号：___________
一、阅读理解
（2026·北京石景山·一模）Nilsa stared at the classroom clock, counting down the minutes until lunch. Her mom had packed her favorite meal— sancocho, a rich chicken soup from their hometown.
In the dining hall, she poured the warm soup into a bowl. Just as she was about to take a sip (一小口) , her classmates noticed it.
“What is that smell ” John asked, wrinkling (皱起) his nose.
“It’s sancocho. It’s a kind of chicken soup,” Nilsa replied.
“That doesn’t look like any soup I’ve ever seen,” said Codi. “Looks like something from a science lab.”
“Why don’t you eat normal food, like pizza ” added Candice.
Nilsa took a quick look at the other lunches— pizza, fries, peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. Suddenly, she didn’t feel hungry anymore. Quietly, she closed her lunchbox.
When Nilsa got home, she cried out, “Why did you pack that strange food, Mom ”
Her mother looked surprised. “Strange That’s our traditional dish. It’s part of our hometown culture. Your great-grandmother used to make it.”
“But everyone made fun of me,” Nilsa said sadly.
“Then maybe next time, you can help them understand,” her mom said gently. “Tell them where it comes from, or share some with them. People often think something is strange just because they’ve never tried it.”
Nilsa thought for a moment. “Will you teach me how to make it ”
Her mom smiled. “Of course. Let’s cook together tonight.”
The next day at lunch, Nilsa opened her lunchbox confidently. The familiar smell spread through the room. She offered some to her classmates.
One by one, they tasted the soup. Some liked it, some didn’t, but nobody laughed. Instead, they asked questions about the ingredients (原料) and the cooking method. Nilsa smiled. “This is a traditional dish from my hometown. My great-grandmother used to make it. It’s part of my family’s story.” She realized that sharing her food was more than just about taste— it was sharing the culture, her hometown, her family, and a little part about herself.
She returned home that afternoon, feeling proud. Her mom asked, “How was the lunch ” Nilsa smiled. “Not everyone loved it, but they listened. And that’s the part that counts.”
1．What did Nilsa’s classmates think of sancocho at first
A．It smelled and looked unusual. B．It seemed like a traditional soup.
C．It was full of love from hometown. D．It had ingredients from a science lab.
2．How did Nilsa feel when she shared the soup the next day
A．Unsure. B．Nervous. C．Lucky. D．Confident.
3．What has Nilsa learnt from her experience
A．Be thoughtful when sharing things. B．Sharing food is also sharing culture.
C．It takes time to accept something new. D．It’s important to take normal food for lunch.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文讲述了Nilsa因带家乡传统美食sancocho去学校而被同学嘲笑，在妈妈的开导和帮助下，她第二天主动分享并讲解这道菜的文化背景，最终赢得尊重和理解的故事。
1．第三段John说“What is that smell ”并皱起鼻子，第四段Codi说“Looks like something from a science lab.”，说明同学们起初认为sancocho的气味和外观都很奇怪。
2．倒数第六段提到“The next day at lunch, Nilsa opened her lunchbox confidently.”，因此第二天分享汤时她感到自信。
3．倒数第四段Nilsa意识到“sharing her food was more than just about taste— it was sharing the culture, her hometown, her family, and a little part about herself.”，因此她从这次经历中学到分享食物也是在分享文化。
二、阅读理解
（2026·北京西城·一模）The Dream Builder
Finn’s younger brother, Leo, had a serious immune deficiency (免疫缺陷) disease, making the outside world a dangerous place. Finn saw the longing in Leo’s eyes when he talked about his own hikes or bike rides.
Finn was a member of his school’s tech club. He’d built robots. One night, watching Leo get lost in a map, Finn had an idea: If Leo couldn’t go to the world, he would bring the world to Leo.
He called this idea “The Dreamwalker.” It was about creating a personalized, sensory experience. Finn improved an old virtual reality (VR) headset, but the key was a pair of special gloves he engineered himself. They could simulate (模拟) the feeling of touching different things.
Then came the hard part: building the “worlds”. For a week, Finn took a 360-degree camera on his hike. He didn’t just film; he recorded the sound of the river, the wind, and the birds. He reached out and touched hard stones, soft grass, and cold water, noting the exact sensation.
Back in the lab, he synchronized (同步) the videos to the headset. He programmed the gloves: When Leo “touched” the river, some water produced by an improved computer cooling fan would hit his face, and the special gloves would help him feel the movement of the water.
Then came the first test. Leo put on the headset and gloves, and started the program. He was silent for a minute. Then, “I can...feel the river!” he said. His smile widened behind the headset. For twenty minutes, Leo explored, reaching out, laughing as water hit his face by the “river”.
Finn filmed Leo’s reaction, a joy he hadn’t seen in years. He realized that the highest purpose of technology and skill isn’t to win competitions or create new inventions. It’s to be a bridge. It’s to use your knowledge as a tool for understanding and to give someone you love the irreplaceable gift of an experience. He learned that the greatest engineering is the kind that connects one human heart to another.
1．Why was the outside world a dangerous place for Leo
A．Because he was too young. B．Because he had poor eyesight.
C．Because he got lost easily outside. D．Because he had a serious disease.
2．What did Finn do for Leo
A．He created a set of sensory tools. B．He personalized a special robot.
C．He recorded all of his bike rides. D．He bought a VR headset with nature programs.
3．What did Finn learn from this experience
A．Human connections are based on the development of technology.
B．Technology finds its true value in enriching the life of loved ones.
C．Diseases cannot hold back the dreams of those who never give up.
D．Engineering can help people win awards and prizes in competitions.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B
【导语】本文是记叙文，讲述Finn为患有严重免疫缺陷疾病、无法外出的弟弟Leo，利用VR技术和自制传感手套打造“造梦行者”系统，让Leo体验户外世界的故事，最终Finn领悟到技术的最高价值是连接人心、丰富所爱之人的生活。
1．文中首句指出“Finn’s younger brother, Leo, had a serious immune deficiency disease, making the outside world a dangerous place”，说明 Leo 因患有严重疾病，外界对他而言很危险。
2．文中提到Finn改良了VR头显，还自制了特殊手套，打造了名为“The Dreamwalker”的个性化感官体验系统，这属于一套感官工具。
3．最后一段Finn意识到“the highest purpose of technology and skill isn’t to win competitions or create new inventions. It’s to be a bridge...to give someone you love the irreplaceable gift of an experience”，说明技术的真正价值在于丰富所爱之人的生活，与选项 B 表述一致
三、阅读理解
（2026·北京东城·一模）Have you ever looked up at a beautiful rainbow when noticing your friend looking at it At that moment, both of you were focusing on the same object and aware of each other’s attention. This shared focus is called joint(共同的)attention. It depends on social cues(提示)such as actions or words that help two people to focus on the same thing.
When completing tasks or solving problems, it is often said that two heads are better than one. But what does “better” mean In one study, researchers asked pairs of participants(参与者)to complete a search task alone and then together. They found that when the participants worked together, they were faster at finding the goal, which researchers suggest is“better”performance.
You might be wondering why two heads are better. Is it simply because you have another pair of eyes or because you divide the task Well, the answer is both! Just having another pair of eyes can make a task easier and faster, so a group benefit can be found even if two people do not talk about the division of work. By dividing the work, you are more likely to finish the task faster, though one may work a little faster than the other.
Researchers have also been interested in whether joint attention improves memory. They asked participants to remember pictures and found that when people believed another person was looking at the same picture and doing the same task, they remembered the picture better. So, this suggests that even when people imagine social cues, like just thinking someone else is focusing on the same task, joint attention can help people better remember things.
Today, however, many interactions(互动)take place online. It is important to understand whether online interactions with others influence people’s attention. Researchers asked participants to complete a search task on their home computers, with an imaginary partner. The results showed that people were more accurate(准确的)when they thought they were working together with a partner, but faster when they thought they were competing with that partner. Interestingly, it did not matter how realistic the imaginary partner’s image(形象)was.
All in all, joint attention is an important part of human interaction that shapes how people work together and how they remember. By understanding this, we can better recognise the value of our interactions.
1．Which of the following best shows the results of the study in Paragraphs 2 and 3
A． B．
C． D．
2．What can we learn from the passage
A．Joint attention works better online than in the real world.
B．Joint attention depends on how well people remember things.
C．Imagining working with others brings about better performance.
D．Cooperation is more important than competition in online settings.
3．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．From Attention to Performance B．The Power of Shared Focus
C．From Social Cues to Connection D．The Key to Effective Interactions
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍共同注意（联合注意力）的概念，通过多项研究说明共同注意可以提升任务效率、增强记忆力，同时探究线上互动中的共同注意效应，点明其在人类交往中的重要作用。
1．第二、三段指出：独自完成任务速度最慢；两人协作时，不分工也会变快，分工后速度最快。图中纵坐标为搜索用时（秒），用时越短代表速度越快，对应柱状高度越低。Person A、Person B独自用时高；A+B（不分工）用时降低；A+B（分工）用时最低。
2．第五段提到，认为与虚拟伙伴合作时，参与者准确率更高；认为与其竞争时，速度更快，C项，想象与他人合作能带来更好的表现，符合文意。A项，共同注意在线上比现实中效果更好。文中未对比线上线下效果，无依据。B项，共同注意取决于人们记忆事物的好坏。逻辑颠倒，是共同注意提升记忆力，而非依赖记忆。D项，线上环境中合作比竞争更重要。文中只对比了合作与竞争的表现差异，未强调谁更重要。
3．全文围绕shared focus（共同注意/联合注意力）展开，介绍它对合作效率、记忆、线上互动的积极作用，核心是其影响力。B项，共同专注的力量。精准概括全文核心主题。A项，从注意到表现。片面，未涵盖记忆、互动等内容。C项，从社会提示到联结。仅为文中细节，非主旨。D项，有效互动的关键。范围过大，偏离共同注意这一核心。
四、阅读理解
（2026·北京门头沟·二模）Is lying ever morally (道德上) acceptable Generally speaking, lying can be harmful to society because it can have a negative influence on trust. However, avoiding lying seems impossible because humans have the habit of self-deception (自欺), and society also needs to keep a certain persona. Before making a judgement, let us examine this complex (复杂的) issue more closely.
Defining a lie is surprisingly challenging. While dishonesty is wrong, must all lies be considered wrong Thinkers like Kant argued that a society that supports lies will lose its sense of unity (整体). They view honesty as a complete duty that cannot be broken. However, history suggests that lying is sometimes a suitable choice to keep necessary social unity.
Think about “white lies”. In some situations, a kind lie seems better than a painful truth. For example, telling a lie might prevent a friend from worrying unnecessarily or losing confidence. While strict moralists find it hard to support this, many people argue that the results matter. If a lie protects someone’s feelings without causing real harm, perhaps it is the right choice.
Furthermore, dramatic situations challenge the ban (禁令) on lying. Sometimes, a small lie can avoid serious results without causing any loss. Consider the situation in which someone is outraged, out of control, and asks you where she can find a relative of yours so that she can harm that relative. You know where the relative is and lying will help her calm down: should you tell the truth Here, the lie plays a greater role. If you think carefully, there are many situations where lying might be the right choice. And in real life, people often accept lies told in such situations.
People can also fall into self-deception. We comfort ourselves with the thought that our excuses are reasonable, even though they aren’t. Besides, our culture includes masking ourselves. For example, makeup and wonderful clothes can cover our true selves, and these are socially accepted ways to change our appearance. In fact, some activities like cosplay just celebrate this kind of human nature by showing different sides of ourselves.
In conclusion, although lying generally harms the foundation of trust, the moral issue is not black and white. We should spare no effort to stay true to ourselves and be honest in our daily lives. However, in some situations, if a “white lie” is the only way to avoid serious harm or save a life, then such a lie may be acceptable. Real wisdom lies in knowing the difference.
1．What can be inferred about Kant’s view on lying
A．Lying is sometimes necessary to keep social unity.
B．The key to keeping society together is to avoid white lies.
C．The loss of social unity is caused by the lack of self-deception.
D．Social unity depends on strictly following the basic duty of honesty.
2．What does the underlined word “outraged” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A．Quite angry. B．Slightly worried. C．Deeply confused. D．Totally indifferent.
3．Why does the writer mention makeup, wonderful clothes and cosplay in Paragraph 5
A．To explain that people are encouraged to hide their true selves.
B．To prove that self-cheating only happens when people make excuses.
C．To show that hiding reality by appearance is a culturally accepted lie.
D．To stress that our society should refuse the act of masking our inner selves.
4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A．Avoid the Spread of Lies B．Take a Wise Point to Lying
C．Explore the Harm of Lying D．Prove the Benefits of White Lies
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要围绕“说谎在道德上是否可接受”这一复杂问题展开讨论。文中分析了不同类型的说谎情况，如善意的谎言、在极端情况下说谎的合理性，还提到人类自欺的本性以及文化中掩饰自我的现象。
1．根据第二段中“Thinkers like Kant argued that a society that supports lies will lose its sense of unity (整体). They view honesty as a complete duty that cannot be broken.”可知，Kant认为支持说谎的社会将会失去整体感，他将诚实视为不可违背的完全义务。由此可推断出，社会的团结依赖于严格遵循诚实这一基本义务。
2．找到需猜测词义的单词在文中的位置，定位至第四段中“Consider the situation in which someone is outraged, ...”，根据单词所在句中的“out of control, and asks you where she can find a relative of yours so that she can harm that relative”可知，此处指的是这个人处于失控状态，并且想要找到你的一个亲戚去伤害他。结合上下文，画线单词的意思是“愤怒的”。
3．根据第五段中“People can also fall into self-deception...For example, makeup and wonderful clothes can cover our true selves, and these are socially accepted ways to change our appearance.”可知，人们也会陷入自欺，利用化妆品、漂亮衣服等能隐藏真实的自我，这些是社会所接受的改变外貌的方式。由此可推断出，作者提到这些是为了表明通过外表隐藏现实是一种文化上被接受的谎言。
4．文章整体在探讨说谎的道德性，强调要认识到说谎并非绝对错误，在特定情况下善意的谎言是可接受的，也就是要以一种明智的观点来看待说谎。B选项“Take a Wise Point to Lying”意为“对撒谎采取明智的态度”，准确概括了文章主旨。
五、阅读理解
（2026·北京石景山·一模）Many kids find it hard to stay focused on their lessons for long. Research shows that movement breaks help students learn better—and it doesn’t take much. According to a study in Psychology of Sport & Exercise, just a few minutes of activity can improve classroom performance.
Lead scientist Eric Drollette, an exercise psychologist at the University of North Carolina, wanted to find a kind of exercise that could fit into a classroom setting with limited space. Early studies had tested 20 to 30 minutes of moderate-intensity (中等强度的) exercise, but they couldn’t be done in a classroom and would take too much time away from lessons. Drollette’s team designed a nine-minute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Kids performed moves like jumping jacks (开合跳), squats and high knees—exercising for 30 seconds, resting for 30 seconds, and then repeating.
The study tested 25 children aged 9 to 12. Each child visited the lab three times, taking part in three different activities: doing the nine-minute HIIE, riding a stationary (静止的) bike, and watching an educational video. After each activity, the children completed tasks testing attention, language skills, and math.
Drollette’s team showed that after the high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), children’s brains became more efficient at recognizing mistakes. Language performance also improved after the HIIE. However, for math, the kids performed a bit less than after less-intense exercise. “That could be because of tiredness.” Drollette says. Tasks that require higher-level thinking, such as math, seem to be the first ones affected by tiredness.
Experts find the results exciting. Lauren Raine, an exercise scientist at Northeastern University, noted that short, high-intensity exercise breaks in classrooms might improve learning performance and help students deal with mistakes more effectively.
Drollette also believes such exercise could benefit teens. An overactive mistake response is connected with mental (精神的) health problems, which have become more common in high school. By helping calm this response, high-intensity exercise may support mental well-being.
“Being active can help with a lot of things that are going on in society,” Drollette said, encouraging students to find chances to stand up and get moving.
1．Why did Drollette’s team create the nine-minute HIIE
A．To find the most popular exercise for young kids.
B．To make exercise fit limited classroom time and space.
C．To replace the moderate exercise in students’ daily life.
D．To compare moderate exercise with a high-intensity one.
2．What is mentioned in Paragraph 4 about Drollette’s team’s study
A．Its results. B．Its process. C．Its challenges. D．Its limitations.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．20-30 minutes’ exercise is out of date today.
B．The kids did activities instead of tests in the lab.
C．Tiredness may influence the kids’ math performance.
D．The HIIE program mainly benefits the kids’ learning.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Drollette团队设计的一种9分钟高强度间歇运动（HIIE），这种运动能提高儿童的注意力、语言能力及错误识别效率，但对数学表现可能有暂时的疲劳影响。同时，高强度运动可能有助于心理健康。
1．根据文章第二段“wanted to find a kind of exercise that could fit into a classroom setting with limited space... would take too much time away from lessons”以及“Drollette’s team designed a nine-minute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)”可知，设计9分钟HIIE是为了让运动适应有限的教室时间和空间。故选B。
2．根据文章第四段“Drollette’s team showed that after the HIIE, children’s brains became more efficient at recognizing mistakes. Language performance also improved... however, for math, the kids performed a bit less...”可知，该段主要介绍了在进行九分钟HIIE后学生大脑和语言等方面发生的变化，是研究结果。故选A。
3．根据文章第四段“That could be because of tiredness... math tasks seem to be the first ones affected by tiredness.”可知，疲劳可能影响孩子的数学表现，故选C。文中未提及“20-30分钟的运动如今过时了”，不选A。根据第三段“completed tasks testing attention, language skills, and math”可知，孩子们在实验室进行测试，选项B与原文不符。根据文章第四段“However, for math, the kids performed a bit less than after less-intense exercise.”可知，HIIE可能会导致数学表现下降，故选项D过于片面。
六、阅读理解
（2026·北京东城·一模）Artificial Intelligence (AI) has already become an important part of our daily lives. From answering our questions to recommending movies, AI is no longer an idea of the future but a present-day reality. Yet behind this progress lies a strange and sometimes troubling problem: hallucinations.
An AI hallucination happens when a generative (生成式的) model produces information that seems believable but does not match reality. For example, if a model is asked to provide a source (来源) for a medical study, it might invent a paper with a realistic title, believable writers, and even a journal listing, but the paper is not real. AI hallucinations result from the way the models are trained: on a great deal of human-generated text, images, and other information. A model’s job is to predict the most likely sequence (序列) of words or pixels to come next. But it does not understand facts the way humans do. So sometimes, those predictions are untrue.
One cause of AI hallucinations is data limitations (局限). Even large datasets cannot cover every possible fact, and missing or incorrect information may lead to mistakes. Also, a model might learn that some structures or patterns (模式) are common — such as the organization of a scientific report — and copy them even when there is no real source. Finally, the lack of grounding is key. AI models generate text only by probability. Without ways to check against real facts, the model cannot decide whether it is true.
Researchers are exploring ways to reduce or prevent hallucinations. One promising method is to connect AI models to live databases, scientific collections, or trusted knowledge networks. This allows the model to check its outputs (输出的内容) against them. Some developers are also introducing testing steps, where models explain their reasoning or clearly show their sources, making it easier for users to judge the truthfulness of answers. In addition, AI models can be used together with traditional search engines or fact-checking tools to check the facts before giving the final output.
However, fixing hallucinations is not just a matter of improving models. Education is also important. Just as society learned to question sources during the rise of the Internet, we must now develop the ability to wisely judge AI outputs.
In the end, the story of AI hallucinations is also the story of humanity’s relationship with its own creations. It is a story of dreams, mistakes, correction, and growth. By facing the problem honestly, we can ensure that AI will be a tool for knowledge, empowerment, and discovery — without letting the hallucinations of machines become hallucinations of our own.
1．According to the passage, what is an example of an AI hallucination
A．An AI makes up a news event that never happened.
B．An AI talks in a cold way, without any real feelings.
C．An AI fails to provide the steps for a science experiment.
D．An AI misses some information when describing a picture.
2．What do the words “the lack of grounding” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．Breakdown in reasoning. B．Loss of stored information.
C．Failure to follow instructions. D．Disconnection from factual information.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Testing steps make AI outputs easier to understand.
B．Common patterns make AI outputs more trustworthy.
C．Live data sources can help AI models reduce false outputs.
D．Fact-checking tools can provide users with the final output.
4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To prove that AI hallucinations can be fixed.
B．To warn people of the risks of AI hallucinations.
C．To guide proper judgment of AI-generated information.
D．To encourage people to build a closer relationship with AI.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了AI“幻觉”的定义，成因与应对方法，以及我们应如何理性看待AI生成的信息。
1．第二段指出了AI幻觉的定义:“An AI hallucination happens when a generative (生成式的) model produces information that seems believable but does not match reality”，“编造从未发生的新闻事件”符合定义。
2．第三段解释“the lack of grounding”时提到：“Without ways to check against real facts, the model cannot decide whether it is true”，说明它指的是AI与事实信息脱节。
3．第四段提到:“One promising method is to connect AI models to live databases, scientific collections, or trusted knowledge networks. This allows the model to check its outputs (输出的内容) against them.”，说明实时数据源可以帮助AI减少错误输出。
4．文章最后强调，我们需要“develop the ability to wisely judge AI outputs”，因此作者的主要写作目的是引导人们正确判断AI生成的信息。
七、阅读理解
（2026·北京门头沟·二模）The human brain may work more similarly to artificial intelligence (AI) than people expect. A surprising new study shows that our brains understand spoken language through a layered (分层的) and step-by-step process, which is similar to the way advanced AI language models work. This discovery reshapes long-held ideas about how we build meaning from speech and provides new views on the connection between human thinking and technology.
Led by Dr. Ariel Goldstein from the Hebrew University, the research team worked with experts from Google Research and Princeton University. They used a special technology called electrocorticography to track (追踪) brain activity while people listened to a thirty-minute podcast (播客) about science and daily life. What they found was unbelievable: the order of the brain’s responses matched the layered design of AI models like GPT and DeepSeek.
As we listen to a speech, the brain doesn’t understand everything at once. Instead, each word goes through a series of neural (神经的) steps in the brain. Early brain signals match the early steps in AI, which focus on basic word features such as pronunciation and spelling. Later, the responses in key language areas— such as Broca’s area—match the deeper layers in AI that bring broader meanings. For example, when you hear the word “apple”, you might first think of the word itself, and then connect it to fruit, food, or other things. “We were amazed to see how closely the brain’s step-by-step understanding matches how AI works,” said Dr. Goldstein.
These findings challenge the traditional view that language depends on fixed rules and strict symbols. Instead, they suggest that meaning is built gradually and depends on different situations—just like AI models learn from lots of examples. Classic linguistic elements, such as phonemes (音素), can’t explain real-time brain activity as well as AI models do.
This study not only changes our understanding of language but also has practical value. The team has shared a public data set of neural recordings, providing a powerful resource for scientists to develop more brain-like models. This research builds a bridge between AI and neuroscience and opens new ways to explore how our brains make sense of the world through language. It has great value in fields like language education and brain science.
1．How did the researchers carry out the experiment
A．They compared how different AI models work together.
B．They studied the brain’s neural processes by studying phonemes.
C．They developed brain-like AI models and tested them with a data set.
D．They followed the testers’ brain activity as the testers listened to an audio program.
2．What can we know about the brain’s language processing method
A．It first thinks of some broader meanings.
B．It builds meaning in a similar way to an AI model.
C．It depends more on strict rules than on different situations.
D．It fully understands the speech immediately after hearing it.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The gradually closer gap between AI technology and neuroscience.
B．The importance of neural data sets for AI and neuroscience research.
C．The study’s practical use and the new research directions it brings about.
D．The methods to develop advanced AI models by using neural recordings.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了一项新研究发现人类大脑理解语言的过程与人工智能语言模型的分层处理方式相似，这一发现挑战了传统语言学观点，并为脑科学和AI研究提供了新方向。
1．第二段提到“They used a special technology called electrocorticography to track brain activity while people listened to a thirty-minute podcast”，因此研究人员通过在测试者收听音频节目时追踪他们的脑活动来进行实验。
2．第三段提到“We were amazed to see how closely the brain’s step-by-step understanding matches how AI works”，并在后文举例说明听“apple”时先想到单词本身，再联想到水果等，说明大脑构建意义的方式与AI模型相似。
3．最后一段指出这项研究改变了我们对语言的理解，分享了公共数据集，为科学家开发更像人脑的模型提供了资源，并强调它在语言教育和脑科学等领域的价值，因此本段主要讨论研究的实际应用及其带来的新研究方向。
八、阅读理解
（2026·北京石景山·一模）In the classic story The Little Engine That Could, a small train worked hard up a steep hill, repeating, “I think I can.” This story shows how much society values perseverance—sticking with something even when it’s hard.
But researchers suggest that sometimes, instead of always setting new goals, we should ask: “What do I no longer need ” Past goals may no longer fit our lives. They might be too hard, too expensive, or simply not what we want anymore. However, quitting (放弃) is often looked down upon, so letting go can be even harder than persevering.
Why We Stick with Past Goals
Scientists are now studying why quitting is so difficult. One reason is the “sunk-cost” bias— we find it hard to give up something after we’ve spent time, money, or effort on it.
In one online game, researchers had over 3, 500 players push colored buttons to get points. Some buttons gave points more often than others, but players weren’t told which. They could turn to a new color at any time but couldn’t go back. Most players stuck with a color far longer than they should have, even though making a change would have been smarter. “Even in this unpaid game, people worked hard to move on,” said researcher Rachit Dubey. In real life, where emotions are involved, it’s even harder.
How to Quit in a Healthy Way
So if quitting is sometimes the best choice, how do we do it Studies show that why we quit is the key point. A 2022 study followed over 900 people who were giving up long-term goals. Those who quit because others pressured them often felt“stuck” (被困住的) and doubted their decision. But those who quit because the goal no longer fit found it easier to move on.
Psychologist Andreea Gavrila compares quitting to a breakup. “It’s very messy,” she says. Quitting a goal can take months or even years. But if there’s a moment you decide from your inner motivation (内在的动机) to do it, there’ll be the process of moving on.
A Different Kind of Courage
We often think of perseverance as a strength. But sometimes, holding on does more harm than good. Letting go of a goal you’ve outgrown can free up mental space and energy for new dreams. Finding a new way forward may first require the courage to say, “I think I can’t.”
1．Why does the writer use the story at the beginning of the passage
A．To explain how trains work. B．To show his love for classic stories.
C．To prove that quitting is always bad. D．To lead into the topic of perseverance.
2．What does the phrase “sunk-cost” bias in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．The habit of giving up when things get hard.
B．The feeling of sticking with what you’ve put in.
C．The idea about trying new things in a brave way.
D．The worry about wasting money on something new.
3．Which of the following would the researchers agree with
A．It’s easy for people to give up old goals quickly.
B．People should stick with their long-held goals in life.
C．Quitting based on inner drive helps people move on.
D．Outer pressure is the best reason for people to quit a goal.
4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A．The Importance of Persevering in Our Life Goals
B．Different Ways to Realize Our Dreams Successfully
C．How to Set New and Practical Goals for a Better Life
D．Sometimes Letting Go of Unfit Goals Is the Best Choice
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，借助经典故事引出“坚持”这一话题，进而提出新观点：适时放弃不合时宜的旧目标同样重要。文章分析人们难以放弃的原因、健康放弃的方式，指出适时放手也是一种勇气。
1．文章开头引用《小火车头》的故事，体现社会对毅力的看重，目的是引出下文关于坚持与放弃的话题，因此选To lead into the topic of perseverance。
2．第三段解释“sunk-cost”bias：人们在一件事上投入时间、金钱、精力后，就很难放手，对应含义为执着于自己已经付出的事物。
3．文中提到，因目标不再适合自己、出于内在动机主动放弃的人，更容易向前看。由此可知研究者认同：基于内在动机主动放弃，有助于人继续前行。
4．全文打破“坚持一定正确”的固有想法，核心观点是：不合适的目标不必硬扛，适时放手才是更好的选择，因此最佳标题为Sometimes Letting Go of Unfit Goals Is the Best Choice。
九、阅读理解
（2026·北京东城·一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
David felt no joy. It was his second week at the new school but he still had no friends. Every time he went up to his classmates, he found a closed circle. The football team had enough players. The art club was full. Everyone had their own groups.
During break, he saw some classmates throwing darts and counting the holes on a dartboard. David wondered what they were doing but he couldn’t find the courage to ask.
The next day was the Class Fun Day. There were circles all around David. Big, bright hula hoops (呼啦圈).
Suddenly someone shouted, “Look at David’s hula hoop.” David had brought an old bicycle tyre (轮胎). He wanted to disappear. Again, he could feel the circle closing, leaving him out. The other children ran out to play. David was left alone.
“Why are you in class, David ” Mr Wilson, his maths teacher, asked. “They laughed at my ugly circle,” David replied.
“Ah David,” the teacher said. “It’s not what’s on the outside that matters. It’s what’s inside. Just like pi (π).”
Mr Wilson picked up David’s tyre and a big, shiny hula hoop.
“Divide the length of the circumference (周长) of this hula hoop by its diameter (直径),” Mr Wilson said. David got 3.14768. “Great! Now divide the circumference of your tyre by its diameter.” David got 3.1463.
Mr Wilson smiled. “When we divide the circumference of any circle by its diameter, the number we get is always about 3.14. This is called pi. Whether it is a shiny hula hoop or an old tyre, you will find pi.”
David understood what Mr Wilson was trying to tell him. When it came to the laws of maths, his tyre was just as good as a shiny hula hoop. He realised that circles may appear to be closed but they had an open mystery (奥秘) inside them. Then he read a book about pi.
In the afternoon, he saw a younger group of children playing a game at the dartboard.
“I’m David,” he said. “I read about pi. I know what this is.” The children formed a circle around David. He counted the holes and started doing the maths. The answer was 3.14159. There was a loud cheer. David was finally part of a circle. He felt a sense of wonder.
1．How did David feel when he first came to the new school
A．Lonely. B．Bored. C．Confident. D．Cheerful.
2．How did David become part of a circle
A．By asking the teacher for help.
B．By bringing an old bicycle tyre.
C．By sharing his maths knowledge.
D．By showing his dart-throwing skills.
3．What does the writer mainly want to tell us
A．Growth takes time. B．Not everything is as it looks.
C．Happiness lies in small things. D．Learning is a lifelong journey.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了戴维转入新学校后倍感孤独，班级趣味日这天，他因旧自行车轮胎被同学孤立，威尔逊老师借助呼啦圈和轮胎讲解圆周率开导他，最终戴维凭借圆周率知识成功融入小伙伴圈子的故事。
1．第一段指出戴维到校后的状态：“David felt no joy. It was his second week at the new school but he still had no friends”，表明戴维刚来到新学校时因没有朋友，内心十分孤独。
2．文章后半部分讲述戴维读完关于pi(π)的书籍后，主动向低年级孩子讲解圆周率相关知识，凭借自身数学知识获得大家认可，从而融入了圈子。
3．全文以光鲜的呼啦圈和破旧自行车轮胎外表不同但圆周率数值相同为切入点，告诉读者不要只看重外在表象，内在本质才更为重要，点明了文章的主旨。
十、阅读理解
（2026·北京丰台·一模）
Household robots have long been a popular idea in science fiction. Now, scientists are finally making them real, yet one daily task has proved surprisingly challenging: folding laundry.
Picking up a T-shirt and folding it seems easy, but it requires a complex (复杂的) understanding of how objects move in three dimensions (维度). Humans learn how fabrics (织物) respond and can apply that knowledge to new situations, but robots cannot. As a result, robots are slow and poor at folding laundry.
One key difficulty in teaching robots this skill is the endless number of ways various fabrics can fold. It’s simple for people to pick up a shirt and quickly find a sleeve or collar to fold it, but each way a shirt crumples is a new challenge for robots, which are often trained on images of smooth clothing lying flat on a surface.
This task is easier for people because we learn by seeing and feeling things. Our eyes and hands provide rich information by interacting with objects. Simply looking at a piece of fabric gives us a learned understanding of how heavy or stretchy it is, and how it would best be folded. For example, we know jeans don’t fold like silk. Robots, however, don’t understand that more force is required to lift and fold a pair of jeans than a blouse and instead must interact with the object before determining (确定) a folding plan.
Additionally, robots’ “hands” aren’t as flexible (灵活的) as ours. Many grippers are designed for specific objects, like picking up exact-sized screws (螺丝) in a car factory. Laundry presents a challenge: the dimensions of fabric change with every fold, so grippers must be able to adjust (调节) to match any fabric shape and size. “Folding laundry requires skilled hand control and high-level reasoning,” computer scientist Danica Kragic explains.
Many robots fold laundry using “pick and place”. They pick up a point on clothing and move it along a fixed path to a set spot. However, this method adapts (适应) poorly to real-time changes. Now, a newer method called AdaFold can adjust its plan during folding by monitoring the fabric and adapting its actions as needed. This flexibility could help scientists design robots that better adapt to changing environments.
Even though robots still have trouble with messy, crumpled clothing, new methods like AdaFold are bringing folding laundry closer to reality.
1．What is the main challenge for robots folding laundry
A．The way fabric crumples creates too many changes.
B．Robots are not trained to fold different kinds of clothes.
C．Robots perform poorly on finding a fixed point to start folding.
D．The movement of objects requires robots to have learned skills.
2．What can we learn from the passage
A．Robots can determine a folding plan after looking at fabrics.
B．“Pick and place” follows flexible paths for folding clothes.
C．AdaFold can adapt its folding path to fabric changes.
D．Grippers are adjustable to fit various fabrics.
3．Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A．Want A Household Robot Keep Waiting
B．Need Laundry Folded Don’t Ask A Robot
C．Folding Laundry: People Perform Better than Robots
D．Folding Laundry: Reasoning matters More than Skills
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了机器人难以叠衣服是因为织物折叠方式千变万化、机器人缺乏人类的视觉触觉感知能力以及机械手不够灵活，但新的方法 AdaFold 能实时调整，使叠衣服更接近现实。
1．根据第三段开头“One key difficulty...is the endless number of ways various fabrics can fold.”，即织物皱褶的方式太多，机器人难以应对。B（未训练折叠不同衣服）是表现之一；C（找固定起点差）是“pick and place”方法的局限；D（物体运动需要学习技能）过于笼统。
2．第六段明确说“AdaFold can adjust its plan during folding by monitoring the fabric and adapting its actions as needed.”。A错误（机器人需要触摸才能确定）；B错误（“pick and place”路径固定）；D错误（抓取器目前难以灵活适应各种织物）。
3．文章通篇对比人类轻松完成叠衣服和机器人的困难，强调人类优势，结尾虽提到新方法但未改变机器人目前不如人类的事实。Need Laundry Folded Don’t Ask A Robot（需要折叠衣服？别指望机器人）以幽默的方式概括了全文的主题——折叠衣服对机器人来说依然困难重重。
十一、阅读理解
（2026·北京顺义·一模）
If you’ve ever worn a cotton T-shirt, drunk bottled water, or forgotten to turn off the tap, you’ve unknowingly connected with coral reefs—those vibrant underwater ecosystems that are disappearing faster than we realize. National Geographic’s 2024 Marine Survey reveals that 50％ of the world’s coral reefs have died since 1995, and without action, another 90％ could disappear by 2050. Coral reefs aren’t just exotic wonders—they’re linked to our lives, and saving them starts with understanding that link.
First, let’s uncover why coral reefs matter beyond their beauty. Though they cover less than 1％ of the ocean floor, they support 25％ of all marine species (海洋物种), from tiny clownfish to large sea turtles. This biodiversity isn’t just fascinating—it’s necessary and important to human survival. Over 500 million people rely on reef fish for protein, and reefs act as natural breakwaters, reducing storm damage to coastal communities by up to 97%. For students, reefs also fuel curiosity: their limestone skeletons, built over thousands of years, hold clues to Earth’s past climate, much like tree rings. Losing reefs means losing a classroom of natural science.
So what’s harming them The biggest threats are linked to our daily habits. Carbon emissions (排放) from cars and energy use warm oceans, causing “coral bleaching”—when corals force out the algae (藻类) that give them color and food. Plastic waste, often from single-use items like water bottles or snack wrappers, entangles (缠住) coral polyps and gives off toxic chemicals. Even water waste plays a role: a single load of laundry uses 41 gallons of water, and runoff from our homes carries pollutants into reef habitats. The good news These are problems students can deal with directly.
Teenagers around the world are already leading the charge, proving that age doesn’t limit impact. In Cape Town, 18-year-old Jade founded Oceano Redemptores, an organization that turns beach plastic into “eco-bricks” for building houses. Her team hosts monthly clean-ups where students collect plastic waste that would otherwise reach reefs, and she gives talks at schools to teach peers about the reef-plastic connection. Across the globe, high school students in Australia use smartphone apps to report bleached coral to marine scientists, helping track damage in real time. Even small acts add up: switching to reusable water bottles, buying secondhand clothes (to reduce cotton’s water footprint), and using reef-safe sunscreen can cut your personal impact by 30％.
National Geographic explorer Sylvia Earle once said, “The ocean connects us all.” This is never truer than for coral reefs. Every time you choose to walk to school instead of getting a ride, or recycle a plastic bag, you’re sending a lifeline to these underwater ecosystems. Saving reefs isn’t about grand gestures—it’s about recognizing that your daily choices are part of a global web.
1．According to the passage, what makes coral reefs a “natural classroom”
A．Offering a large number of reef fish for people to eat.
B．Providing clues about Earth’s past climate conditions.
C．Protecting coastal communities from serious storms.
D．Supporting different kinds of marine species.
2．Why does the writer mention Sylvia Earle’s saying
A．To stress that people are closely linked to coral reefs.
B．To explain that coral reef protection is important to humans.
C．To prove that coral reef protection requires global cooperation.
D．To suggest that people should take action to protect coral reefs.
3．According to the passage, what can you do to protect coral reefs
A．Wear a cotton T-shirt. B．Wash clothes every day.
C．Use one water bottle many times. D．Choose common sunscreen.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了珊瑚礁生态系统对人类生存的重要性、目前其面临的消失危机及其原因，并列举了青少年及个人可以采取的保护措施，强调了个人选择与全球生态系统的紧密联系。
1．第二段最后两句指出：“…their limestone skeletons, built over thousands of years, hold clues to Earth’s past climate…Losing reefs means losing a classroom of natural science.”。这直接说明珊瑚礁之所以被称为“自然教室”，是因为它们的石灰岩骨骼中蕴藏着地球过去气候状况的线索。
2．最后一段第一、二句提到：“National Geographic explorer Sylvia Earle once said, ‘The ocean connects us all.’ This is never truer than for coral reefs.”。作者通过引用名言及其后的评价，旨在强调人类与珊瑚礁之间存在着紧密的相互联系，每个人日常的细微选择都会影响到这些水下生态系统。
3．第四段最后一句列举了减少个人影响的具体做法：“…switching to reusable water bottles…can cut your personal impact by 30%.”。文中建议使用“可重复使用的水瓶”，这与选项C中“多次使用同一个水瓶”的含义一致。
十二、阅读理解
（2026·北京·一模）It was a long night. Our dog Precious was having puppies. I stayed by her side. After six hours, the puppies finally arrived. The first was black and white. The next two were tan (棕褐色的) and brown, and the last two were also black and white. I counted five puppies and went to tell my wife, Judy, that everything was okay.
When we came back, we saw a sixth puppy alone in the cage. Judy noticed something was wrong. The puppy had a cleft lip and palate (唇腭裂 ), which meant it couldn’t close its mouth or suckle (吸吮). The vet said it would cost a lot to fix, and the puppy might not survive. We couldn’t afford it, but I decided to try my best to help the puppy. I fed it with a syringe every two hours for over 10 days. The puppy slowly learned to eat soft food.
After five weeks, we found homes for all the puppies except the one with the cleft lip.
One day, our neighbor, a retired (退休的) teacher, asked if she could have a puppy for her grandson. When they arrived, I told her all the puppies were taken. Just then, the little puppy with the cleft lip started to yelp (吠叫). The boy ran to the puppy, calling it “my puppy”. He looked up at his grandmother and said, “Look, Grandma! They found homes for all the puppies except the pretty one.”
The teacher asked if the puppy was available. I said yes. The boy hugged the puppy tightly (紧紧地).
The image of the boy and his puppy still stays with me. I think it must be a wonderful feeling to look at a small animal and see nothing except “the pretty one”.
1．What can we know about the sixth puppy
A．It had trouble eating. B．It was black and white.
C．It lived alone all the time. D．It was the writer’s favorite.
2．What did the writer do to help the sixth puppy
A．He took it to the vet every day. B．He taught it to play with the boy.
C．He asked neighbors to look after it. D．He fed it with a syringe for over 10 days.
3．What can we learn from the story
A．It’s not easy to keep pets at home. B．It’s expensive to look after sick pets.
C．We should accept and care for every life. D．We should make friends with pretty animals.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C
【导语】本文讲述了作者救助一只患有唇腭裂的小狗，并最终被一个小男孩视为“漂亮的那只”的故事。
1．第二段指出第六只小狗“couldn’t close its mouth or suckle”，说明它有进食困难。
2．第二段指出作者“fed it with a syringe every two hours for over 10 days”，说明他用注射器喂养了它十多天。
3．小男孩把有缺陷的小狗称为“the pretty one”，说明我们应该接纳和关爱每一个生命。
十三、阅读理解
（2026·北京顺义·一模）After dinner, I told my six-year-old son, who was mid-meltdown, “Use your words!” He had just started yelling and hitting his eight-year-old sister because she wasn’t sharing a toy he believed was his. Both kids froze for a second, giving me just enough time to slow my own quickly rising emotions.
Looking back, I realize I never actually explained to my kids why words can help. But putting feelings into words is how we begin to name what’s happening inside us, and that naming can start to change the experience itself. Sometimes, as research shows, the words we choose to describe our lives can shape our mental health for months and years to come.
Psychologists are exploring how verbalizing our feelings can transform experience. It can help us manage heated moments and also support healing from life’s hardest situations. Research published over the past 40 years on expressive disclosure—using your words—shows it can lead to significant health improvements, especially for those dealing with stressful life events. Another research shows that writing about feelings can have a similar effect. After writing about a challenging situation, people report fewer doctor visits, reduced pain, stronger immune function (免疫功能), and better outcomes for conditions.
Research also shows that writing about feelings can actually change the way you remember them. For those who don’t like to write, talking through one’s feelings works just as well. When we describe painful or overwhelming events, we don’t just relive them. We reorganize them. We add meaning, emotional context and resolution. In doing so, we can reduce the pain these memories cause and make them easier to deal with.
Similar expressive writing programs are being explored with children and stem from (源于) research by psychologist John Gottman. A recent review shows these newer expressive writing programs have small but meaningful effects on improving outcomes for emotional well-being among kids ages 10 to 18 years old. There’s even some indication that these programs can improve school achievement among kids who have significant emotional problems. Even for young kids, storytelling and drawing can help make sense of big emotions, especially when guided by a teacher or parent.
“Use your words” is a tool, and like any tool, it takes practice for someone to use it effectively. Sometimes we see it pay off. The boy is trying new ways to ask the girl to share her toys, and sometimes it even works. When using their words helps them get what they want or helps them solve a problem, it creates its own reward loop (循环). Over time, these small moments of language aren’t just about resolving conflicts. People begin to see themselves as the main characters in their own life stories—those who can take action and make changes, which, as research shows, is a foundation for lasting well-being.
1．Why does the writer mention the experience at the beginning of the passage
A．To introduce a topic. B．To offer a solution.
C．To describe a problem. D．To support a viewpoint.
2．What does the word “verbalizing” in the third paragraph most probably mean
A．Understanding. B．Showing. C．Controlling. D．Voicing.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Simple expressions make stressful events easy to face.
B．Words change how people understand their bad experiences.
C．Talking is more effective than writing in dealing with emotions.
D．People’s physical health decides their ability to manage feelings.
4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A．“Using Your Words” Shapes Mental Health
B．“Using Your Words” Builds Lasting Well-being
C．“Using Your Words” Reorganizes Painful Memories
D．“Using Your Words” Helps Make Sense of Big Emotions
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文主要阐述了用语言表达情感对心理健康的积极影响，包括缓解压力、重组痛苦记忆以及促进儿童情绪发展等。
1．第一段描述了作者让孩子“用语言表达”的生活经历，随后引出关于语言如何帮助情绪管理的讨论，因此该经历是为了引出话题。
2．第三段提到“Psychologists are exploring how verbalizing our feelings can transform experience. It can help us manage heated moments and also support healing from life’s hardest situations.”以及后文对用语言描述感受的阐述，可知“verbalizing”意思是“用语言表达”，与“Voicing”意思相近。
3．第四段明确指出：“When we describe painful or overwhelming events... We reorganize them. We add meaning... we can reduce the pain”，说明语言改变了人们理解痛苦经历的方式。
4．根据文章内容，全文围绕“用语言表达”对心理健康的积极作用展开，从帮助管理情绪、重组痛苦记忆，到对儿童情绪发展的意义，最终落脚于为持久幸福感奠定基础。因此最合适的标题是“‘用语言表达’建立持久幸福感”。
十四、阅读理解
（2026·北京门头沟·二模）
Rania was sure that her wooden pencil had magical power. Every morning, she held it close and whispered, “Help me get top marks in every test.” Her older sister Somia just rolled her eyes and said, “It’s just a pencil.” However, Rania didn’t listen to her. “My teacher said my writing had improved last week!”
“That’s because you practiced, not because the pencil did anything,” Somia explained. But Rania still didn’t believe her sister.
A few days before the exams, Rania spent most of her time on her phone, believing that her pencil would work its magic on the day of the exams. Mum watched Rania worriedly but said nothing— she knew that some lessons had to be learned the hard way.
On the morning of her first exam, Rania walked into the classroom with her “magical” pencil. “Work your magic,” she thought. But when she looked at the test paper, her mind went completely blank. She hadn’t reviewed at all. Staring at the empty page with tears in her eyes, she threw the pencil on the desk and finally realized: there was no magic in it.
Rania ran home crying and threw herself into Mum’s arms. “The pencil isn’t magical!” she cried. Mum patted her back lightly. “Mistakes are how we learn,” she said. “True magic comes from hard work, not a pencil or wishful thinking.”
These words touched Rania deeply. That night, she put away her phone and opened her textbooks. Every night, she reviewed her notes, asked her teachers for help, and even studied with Somia. By the time of the next exam, she felt ready.
This time, when she walked into the classroom, she held her pencil calmly— not because she thought it was magical, but because she knew she was well-prepared. When the results came out, she got excellent grades this time.
Holding her report card, Rania smiled at her family. “I used to think magic could make me successful. “But now I have realized that real magic is perseverance (坚持不懈) and hard work.”
1．Why did Rania believe that her pencil was magical at the beginning
A．Because Somia encouraged her to believe in magic.
B．Because her handwriting was praised by her teacher.
C．Because she had passed all the exams easily with it.
D．Because she could write answers more quickly with it.
2．How did Rania feel when she walked into the classroom for the second exam
A．Confident. B．Upset. C．Regretful. D．Nervous.
3．What can we learn from the story
A．The secret of success lies in hard work and effort.
B．A little wishful thinking can push us to make real efforts.
C．Magic tools are useless unless we match them with hard work.
D．Mistakes are one of the most important ways to learn life lessons.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了女孩Rania起初相信她的铅笔有魔力能帮她考高分，但在经历了一次考试失败后，她意识到真正的“魔力”来自努力和坚持。
1．根据第一段最后一句Rania对姐姐说的话：“My teacher said my writing had improved last week!” 可知，她认为铅笔有魔力是因为老师表扬了她的书写进步。B项正确。A项错误，Somia并不鼓励她；C、D两项文中未提及。
2．根据倒数第二段第一句“This time, when…” 可知，她第二次走进考场时很平静，因为准备充分，由此可以推理出A项Confident自信的。B、C、D三项（沮丧、后悔、紧张）都不符合此时的情绪。
3．文章最后一句点明主题“real magic is perseverance and hard work”，即成功的关键在于努力和坚持。D项虽然文中妈妈提到“Mistakes are how we learn”，但这只是故事的一部分，不是全文最核心的道理。
十五、阅读理解
（2026·北京朝阳·一模）“Dear Daddy” Notes
My father was the gentlest and most caring dad in the world. But when we argued, he became strict and never considered that there could be another side. My words seemed to reach no one because his ears were closed. I could never win.
When my father refused to understand that I needed privacy for my phone, I felt frustrated (沮丧的) and even cried. When he noticed I was trying to explain my reason for not wearing uniforms to school in junior high, he ended our “discussion”, leaving me silently sad. Later, when he refused to let me go on my last-year class trip to Montreal, I could do nothing but run out of his room in great sadness. I couldn’t get him to listen to my side, maybe he would read it.
Hoping his eyes would be more open than his ears, I wrote a note that began “Dear Daddy” and ended with how much I respected his opinion, hated to fight with him, valued our relationship, and loved him. I put the note under his door and raced back to my room.
Minutes later, there was a knock at my door. Seeing my father’s face, I knew my note had softened his strictness and touched his heart.
Getting his agreement to go to Montreal was sweet. Even better was discovering a way to argue with him without tears, ending with a hug instead. My “Dear Daddy” notes became a way to follow up on many of our arguments. During our most heated disagreements, I knew how to get through to him, but his firm (坚定的) final word left me speechless.
Years later, my father and I still share those sweet memories about my “Dear Daddy” notes. Whenever we look back on our heated disagreements and how those little notes helped him finally understand me, we can’t help smiling. He never said he knew my little plan, but I could always tell he loved every note that helped him see my way. To this day, those notes remain one of my favorite stories between us.
1．How did the writer feel when her father refused her Montreal trip
A．Nervous. B．Lonely. C．Disappointed. D．Calm.
2．What could the “Dear Daddy” notes help the writer do
A．Send messages faster. B．Avoid meeting her father.
C．Improve her writing skills. D．Make her father understand her.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Understanding matters more than winning.
B．Reaching agreement isn’t important in argument.
C．Sweet memories often come from heated fights.
D．Children should consider their parents’ opinions.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者小时候与严厉的父亲发生争执时，通过写“Dear Daddy”便条的方式温和表达想法，最终化解矛盾、获得父亲理解的故事，展现了有效沟通对增进亲子理解的重要性。
1．根据原文第二段第3句“Later, when he refused to let me go on my last-year class trip to Montreal, I could do nothing but run out of his room in great sadness.”，作者被拒绝后很难过，选项中“Disappointed”符合语境。
2．根据原文第三段第1句“Hoping his eyes would be more open than his ears, I wrote a note that began ‘Dear Daddy’...”、第四段第2句“Seeing my father’s face, I knew my note had softened his strictness and touched his heart.”以及第六段第2句 “...how those little notes helped him finally understand me”，可知便条的核心作用是帮助父亲理解作者的想法。
3．全文围绕作者与父亲的争执展开，作者没有在争吵中追求“赢”，而是通过写便条的方式沟通，让父亲理解自己，最终收获了更好的亲子关系，点明了“理解比输赢更重要”的核心主旨。
十六、阅读理解
（2026·北京顺义·一模）The Math Challenge
It was Friday, and there were only 15 minutes until lunch. All the students in Mrs. Stretch’s math class were waiting excitedly for the fun game called Around the World. This was Eddie’s favorite activity. He loved racing against classmates to solve math problems quickly. Eddie sometimes won and sometimes lost, but his friend Michael was always the champion. Michael never lost and beat everyone in class every week.
Soon the game started. Mrs. Stretch let the new student Talia play first. Talia was very fast. She beat Eddie, Vivian, and many other students one by one. No one could stop her. Finally, only Michael was left. The whole class became quiet and watched carefully. When Mrs. Stretch gave the question, Talia answered correctly before Michael. Everyone cheered loudly for the new winner.
After class, Eddie found Michael sitting sadly at his desk with his head down. Eddie walked over and asked, “You OK ” Michael didn’t look up. Eddie could tell he was upset. He sat beside Michael and said, “It’s OK to lose. I lose all the time, and you’re still great at math. ”
Michael looked up and said quietly, “I thought no one liked me. They cheered when I lost. ” Eddie smiled and explained that the class was just surprised and happy for Talia’s amazing work. He told Michael that one loss didn’t change how good he was.
Then Eddie said, “We can practice math together. I can help you, and you can help me. Next time you can challenge her again. ” Michael felt much better and said with a little smile, “Challenge accepted!”
Finally, the two friends walked out together to join their classmates. Michael was no longer sad. He felt hopeful and ready to practice hard for the next game.
1．What do you know about the game “Around the World” in the passage
A．It is a race to solve math problems. B．It usually lasts more than one hour.
C．It is a game to welcome new students. D．It teaches students how to communicate.
2．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．Being fast at math is very important.
B．One failure cannot show a person’s ability.
C．It is easy to become popular by winning games.
D．People should try their best to challenge themselves.
3．What will the two friends probably do next
A．They will challenge Talia after lunch. B．They will ask the teacher for help.
C．They will practice math together. D．They will stop playing the game.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了数学课上的数学竞赛中，常胜将军Michael意外输给新同学Talia后，在朋友Eddie的安慰与鼓励下走出失落，并决定一起练习、准备下次挑战的故事，传递了“一次失败并不能否定一个人的能力” 这一主题。
1．根据原文第一段“He loved racing against classmates to solve math problems quickly.”可知“Around the World”是一场和同学比赛快速解数学题的游戏。
2．文章核心情节是Michael因一次失败感到沮丧，Eddie安慰他说“It’s OK to lose. I lose all the time, and you’re still great at math.”，并点明“one loss didn’t change how good he was”，对应主旨“一次失败不能代表一个人的能力”。
3．根据原文最后一段“We can practice math together. I can help you, and you can help me.”，可知两人接下来会一起练习数学。
十七、阅读理解
（2026·北京朝阳·一模）A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with a clear goal in mind: How can willpower be improved If willpower is truly easily used up, as the research suggests, what can be done to keep it strong
Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an effective method for keeping self-control, so please follow “out of view, out of mind” rule. One recent study, for example, found office workers are less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks.
The research suggesting that we have a limited amount of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail Not necessarily. Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely used up. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve (储备), saved for future needs. The right drive allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High drive might help deal with weakened willpower, at least to a point.
Willpower may also be made less easily exhausted (精疲力尽的) in the first place. Researchers compare self-control to a muscle (肌肉) that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another side to this comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by daily exercise in the long term. Similarly, we should take regular (有规律的) practices of self-control to build willpower strength.
Studies on willpower exhaustion suggest that making a list of decisions on New Year’s Eve is the worst possible way. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don’t try to give up smoking, choose a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better way. Once a good habit is in place, psychologist Baumeister says, you’ll no longer need willpower to keep the behavior. Finally, healthy habits will become routine (常规) and won’t require making decisions at all.
Many questions about中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2026年北京中考模拟汇编---阅读单选（原卷版）
姓名：___________学号：___________
一、阅读理解
（2026·北京石景山·一模）Nilsa stared at the classroom clock, counting down the minutes until lunch. Her mom had packed her favorite meal— sancocho, a rich chicken soup from their hometown.
In the dining hall, she poured the warm soup into a bowl. Just as she was about to take a sip (一小口) , her classmates noticed it.
“What is that smell ” John asked, wrinkling (皱起) his nose.
“It’s sancocho. It’s a kind of chicken soup,” Nilsa replied.
“That doesn’t look like any soup I’ve ever seen,” said Codi. “Looks like something from a science lab.”
“Why don’t you eat normal food, like pizza ” added Candice.
Nilsa took a quick look at the other lunches— pizza, fries, peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. Suddenly, she didn’t feel hungry anymore. Quietly, she closed her lunchbox.
When Nilsa got home, she cried out, “Why did you pack that strange food, Mom ”
Her mother looked surprised. “Strange That’s our traditional dish. It’s part of our hometown culture. Your great-grandmother used to make it.”
“But everyone made fun of me,” Nilsa said sadly.
“Then maybe next time, you can help them understand,” her mom said gently. “Tell them where it comes from, or share some with them. People often think something is strange just because they’ve never tried it.”
Nilsa thought for a moment. “Will you teach me how to make it ”
Her mom smiled. “Of course. Let’s cook together tonight.”
The next day at lunch, Nilsa opened her lunchbox confidently. The familiar smell spread through the room. She offered some to her classmates.
One by one, they tasted the soup. Some liked it, some didn’t, but nobody laughed. Instead, they asked questions about the ingredients (原料) and the cooking method. Nilsa smiled. “This is a traditional dish from my hometown. My great-grandmother used to make it. It’s part of my family’s story.” She realized that sharing her food was more than just about taste— it was sharing the culture, her hometown, her family, and a little part about herself.
She returned home that afternoon, feeling proud. Her mom asked, “How was the lunch ” Nilsa smiled. “Not everyone loved it, but they listened. And that’s the part that counts.”
1．What did Nilsa’s classmates think of sancocho at first
A．It smelled and looked unusual. B．It seemed like a traditional soup.
C．It was full of love from hometown. D．It had ingredients from a science lab.
2．How did Nilsa feel when she shared the soup the next day
A．Unsure. B．Nervous. C．Lucky. D．Confident.
3．What has Nilsa learnt from her experience
A．Be thoughtful when sharing things. B．Sharing food is also sharing culture.
C．It takes time to accept something new. D．It’s important to take normal food for lunch.
二、阅读理解
（2026·北京西城·一模）The Dream Builder
Finn’s younger brother, Leo, had a serious immune deficiency (免疫缺陷) disease, making the outside world a dangerous place. Finn saw the longing in Leo’s eyes when he talked about his own hikes or bike rides.
Finn was a member of his school’s tech club. He’d built robots. One night, watching Leo get lost in a map, Finn had an idea: If Leo couldn’t go to the world, he would bring the world to Leo.
He called this idea “The Dreamwalker.” It was about creating a personalized, sensory experience. Finn improved an old virtual reality (VR) headset, but the key was a pair of special gloves he engineered himself. They could simulate (模拟) the feeling of touching different things.
Then came the hard part: building the “worlds”. For a week, Finn took a 360-degree camera on his hike. He didn’t just film; he recorded the sound of the river, the wind, and the birds. He reached out and touched hard stones, soft grass, and cold water, noting the exact sensation.
Back in the lab, he synchronized (同步) the videos to the headset. He programmed the gloves: When Leo “touched” the river, some water produced by an improved computer cooling fan would hit his face, and the special gloves would help him feel the movement of the water.
Then came the first test. Leo put on the headset and gloves, and started the program. He was silent for a minute. Then, “I can...feel the river!” he said. His smile widened behind the headset. For twenty minutes, Leo explored, reaching out, laughing as water hit his face by the “river”.
Finn filmed Leo’s reaction, a joy he hadn’t seen in years. He realized that the highest purpose of technology and skill isn’t to win competitions or create new inventions. It’s to be a bridge. It’s to use your knowledge as a tool for understanding and to give someone you love the irreplaceable gift of an experience. He learned that the greatest engineering is the kind that connects one human heart to another.
1．Why was the outside world a dangerous place for Leo
A．Because he was too young. B．Because he had poor eyesight.
C．Because he got lost easily outside. D．Because he had a serious disease.
2．What did Finn do for Leo
A．He created a set of sensory tools. B．He personalized a special robot.
C．He recorded all of his bike rides. D．He bought a VR headset with nature programs.
3．What did Finn learn from this experience
A．Human connections are based on the development of technology.
B．Technology finds its true value in enriching the life of loved ones.
C．Diseases cannot hold back the dreams of those who never give up.
D．Engineering can help people win awards and prizes in competitions.
三、阅读理解
（2026·北京东城·一模）Have you ever looked up at a beautiful rainbow when noticing your friend looking at it At that moment, both of you were focusing on the same object and aware of each other’s attention. This shared focus is called joint(共同的)attention. It depends on social cues(提示)such as actions or words that help two people to focus on the same thing.
When completing tasks or solving problems, it is often said that two heads are better than one. But what does “better” mean In one study, researchers asked pairs of participants(参与者)to complete a search task alone and then together. They found that when the participants worked together, they were faster at finding the goal, which researchers suggest is“better”performance.
You might be wondering why two heads are better. Is it simply because you have another pair of eyes or because you divide the task Well, the answer is both! Just having another pair of eyes can make a task easier and faster, so a group benefit can be found even if two people do not talk about the division of work. By dividing the work, you are more likely to finish the task faster, though one may work a little faster than the other.
Researchers have also been interested in whether joint attention improves memory. They asked participants to remember pictures and found that when people believed another person was looking at the same picture and doing the same task, they remembered the picture better. So, this suggests that even when people imagine social cues, like just thinking someone else is focusing on the same task, joint attention can help people better remember things.
Today, however, many interactions(互动)take place online. It is important to understand whether online interactions with others influence people’s attention. Researchers asked participants to complete a search task on their home computers, with an imaginary partner. The results showed that people were more accurate(准确的)when they thought they were working together with a partner, but faster when they thought they were competing with that partner. Interestingly, it did not matter how realistic the imaginary partner’s image(形象)was.
All in all, joint attention is an important part of human interaction that shapes how people work together and how they remember. By understanding this, we can better recognise the value of our interactions.
1．Which of the following best shows the results of the study in Paragraphs 2 and 3
A． B．
C． D．
2．What can we learn from the passage
A．Joint attention works better online than in the real world.
B．Joint attention depends on how well people remember things.
C．Imagining working with others brings about better performance.
D．Cooperation is more important than competition in online settings.
3．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．From Attention to Performance B．The Power of Shared Focus
C．From Social Cues to Connection D．The Key to Effective Interactions
四、阅读理解
（2026·北京门头沟·二模）Is lying ever morally (道德上) acceptable Generally speaking, lying can be harmful to society because it can have a negative influence on trust. However, avoiding lying seems impossible because humans have the habit of self-deception (自欺), and society also needs to keep a certain persona. Before making a judgement, let us examine this complex (复杂的) issue more closely.
Defining a lie is surprisingly challenging. While dishonesty is wrong, must all lies be considered wrong Thinkers like Kant argued that a society that supports lies will lose its sense of unity (整体). They view honesty as a complete duty that cannot be broken. However, history suggests that lying is sometimes a suitable choice to keep necessary social unity.
Think about “white lies”. In some situations, a kind lie seems better than a painful truth. For example, telling a lie might prevent a friend from worrying unnecessarily or losing confidence. While strict moralists find it hard to support this, many people argue that the results matter. If a lie protects someone’s feelings without causing real harm, perhaps it is the right choice.
Furthermore, dramatic situations challenge the ban (禁令) on lying. Sometimes, a small lie can avoid serious results without causing any loss. Consider the situation in which someone is outraged, out of control, and asks you where she can find a relative of yours so that she can harm that relative. You know where the relative is and lying will help her calm down: should you tell the truth Here, the lie plays a greater role. If you think carefully, there are many situations where lying might be the right choice. And in real life, people often accept lies told in such situations.
People can also fall into self-deception. We comfort ourselves with the thought that our excuses are reasonable, even though they aren’t. Besides, our culture includes masking ourselves. For example, makeup and wonderful clothes can cover our true selves, and these are socially accepted ways to change our appearance. In fact, some activities like cosplay just celebrate this kind of human nature by showing different sides of ourselves.
In conclusion, although lying generally harms the foundation of trust, the moral issue is not black and white. We should spare no effort to stay true to ourselves and be honest in our daily lives. However, in some situations, if a “white lie” is the only way to avoid serious harm or save a life, then such a lie may be acceptable. Real wisdom lies in knowing the difference.
1．What can be inferred about Kant’s view on lying
A．Lying is sometimes necessary to keep social unity.
B．The key to keeping society together is to avoid white lies.
C．The loss of social unity is caused by the lack of self-deception.
D．Social unity depends on strictly following the basic duty of honesty.
2．What does the underlined word “outraged” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A．Quite angry. B．Slightly worried. C．Deeply confused. D．Totally indifferent.
3．Why does the writer mention makeup, wonderful clothes and cosplay in Paragraph 5
A．To explain that people are encouraged to hide their true selves.
B．To prove that self-cheating only happens when people make excuses.
C．To show that hiding reality by appearance is a culturally accepted lie.
D．To stress that our society should refuse the act of masking our inner selves.
4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A．Avoid the Spread of Lies B．Take a Wise Point to Lying
C．Explore the Harm of Lying D．Prove the Benefits of White Lies
五、阅读理解
（2026·北京石景山·一模）Many kids find it hard to stay focused on their lessons for long. Research shows that movement breaks help students learn better—and it doesn’t take much. According to a study in Psychology of Sport & Exercise, just a few minutes of activity can improve classroom performance.
Lead scientist Eric Drollette, an exercise psychologist at the University of North Carolina, wanted to find a kind of exercise that could fit into a classroom setting with limited space. Early studies had tested 20 to 30 minutes of moderate-intensity (中等强度的) exercise, but they couldn’t be done in a classroom and would take too much time away from lessons. Drollette’s team designed a nine-minute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Kids performed moves like jumping jacks (开合跳), squats and high knees—exercising for 30 seconds, resting for 30 seconds, and then repeating.
The study tested 25 children aged 9 to 12. Each child visited the lab three times, taking part in three different activities: doing the nine-minute HIIE, riding a stationary (静止的) bike, and watching an educational video. After each activity, the children completed tasks testing attention, language skills, and math.
Drollette’s team showed that after the high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), children’s brains became more efficient at recognizing mistakes. Language performance also improved after the HIIE. However, for math, the kids performed a bit less than after less-intense exercise. “That could be because of tiredness.” Drollette says. Tasks that require higher-level thinking, such as math, seem to be the first ones affected by tiredness.
Experts find the results exciting. Lauren Raine, an exercise scientist at Northeastern University, noted that short, high-intensity exercise breaks in classrooms might improve learning performance and help students deal with mistakes more effectively.
Drollette also believes such exercise could benefit teens. An overactive mistake response is connected with mental (精神的) health problems, which have become more common in high school. By helping calm this response, high-intensity exercise may support mental well-being.
“Being active can help with a lot of things that are going on in society,” Drollette said, encouraging students to find chances to stand up and get moving.
1．Why did Drollette’s team create the nine-minute HIIE
A．To find the most popular exercise for young kids.
B．To make exercise fit limited classroom time and space.
C．To replace the moderate exercise in students’ daily life.
D．To compare moderate exercise with a high-intensity one.
2．What is mentioned in Paragraph 4 about Drollette’s team’s study
A．Its results. B．Its process. C．Its challenges. D．Its limitations.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．20-30 minutes’ exercise is out of date today.
B．The kids did activities instead of tests in the lab.
C．Tiredness may influence the kids’ math performance.
D．The HIIE program mainly benefits the kids’ learning.
六、阅读理解
（2026·北京东城·一模）Artificial Intelligence (AI) has already become an important part of our daily lives. From answering our questions to recommending movies, AI is no longer an idea of the future but a present-day reality. Yet behind this progress lies a strange and sometimes troubling problem: hallucinations.
An AI hallucination happens when a generative (生成式的) model produces information that seems believable but does not match reality. For example, if a model is asked to provide a source (来源) for a medical study, it might invent a paper with a realistic title, believable writers, and even a journal listing, but the paper is not real. AI hallucinations result from the way the models are trained: on a great deal of human-generated text, images, and other information. A model’s job is to predict the most likely sequence (序列) of words or pixels to come next. But it does not understand facts the way humans do. So sometimes, those predictions are untrue.
One cause of AI hallucinations is data limitations (局限). Even large datasets cannot cover every possible fact, and missing or incorrect information may lead to mistakes. Also, a model might learn that some structures or patterns (模式) are common — such as the organization of a scientific report — and copy them even when there is no real source. Finally, the lack of grounding is key. AI models generate text only by probability. Without ways to check against real facts, the model cannot decide whether it is true.
Researchers are exploring ways to reduce or prevent hallucinations. One promising method is to connect AI models to live databases, scientific collections, or trusted knowledge networks. This allows the model to check its outputs (输出的内容) against them. Some developers are also introducing testing steps, where models explain their reasoning or clearly show their sources, making it easier for users to judge the truthfulness of answers. In addition, AI models can be used together with traditional search engines or fact-checking tools to check the facts before giving the final output.
However, fixing hallucinations is not just a matter of improving models. Education is also important. Just as society learned to question sources during the rise of the Internet, we must now develop the ability to wisely judge AI outputs.
In the end, the story of AI hallucinations is also the story of humanity’s relationship with its own creations. It is a story of dreams, mistakes, correction, and growth. By facing the problem honestly, we can ensure that AI will be a tool for knowledge, empowerment, and discovery — without letting the hallucinations of machines become hallucinations of our own.
1．According to the passage, what is an example of an AI hallucination
A．An AI makes up a news event that never happened.
B．An AI talks in a cold way, without any real feelings.
C．An AI fails to provide the steps for a science experiment.
D．An AI misses some information when describing a picture.
2．What do the words “the lack of grounding” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．Breakdown in reasoning. B．Loss of stored information.
C．Failure to follow instructions. D．Disconnection from factual information.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Testing steps make AI outputs easier to understand.
B．Common patterns make AI outputs more trustworthy.
C．Live data sources can help AI models reduce false outputs.
D．Fact-checking tools can provide users with the final output.
4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To prove that AI hallucinations can be fixed.
B．To warn people of the risks of AI hallucinations.
C．To guide proper judgment of AI-generated information.
D．To encourage people to build a closer relationship with AI.
七、阅读理解
（2026·北京门头沟·二模）The human brain may work more similarly to artificial intelligence (AI) than people expect. A surprising new study shows that our brains understand spoken language through a layered (分层的) and step-by-step process, which is similar to the way advanced AI language models work. This discovery reshapes long-held ideas about how we build meaning from speech and provides new views on the connection between human thinking and technology.
Led by Dr. Ariel Goldstein from the Hebrew University, the research team worked with experts from Google Research and Princeton University. They used a special technology called electrocorticography to track (追踪) brain activity while people listened to a thirty-minute podcast (播客) about science and daily life. What they found was unbelievable: the order of the brain’s responses matched the layered design of AI models like GPT and DeepSeek.
As we listen to a speech, the brain doesn’t understand everything at once. Instead, each word goes through a series of neural (神经的) steps in the brain. Early brain signals match the early steps in AI, which focus on basic word features such as pronunciation and spelling. Later, the responses in key language areas— such as Broca’s area—match the deeper layers in AI that bring broader meanings. For example, when you hear the word “apple”, you might first think of the word itself, and then connect it to fruit, food, or other things. “We were amazed to see how closely the brain’s step-by-step understanding matches how AI works,” said Dr. Goldstein.
These findings challenge the traditional view that language depends on fixed rules and strict symbols. Instead, they suggest that meaning is built gradually and depends on different situations—just like AI models learn from lots of examples. Classic linguistic elements, such as phonemes (音素), can’t explain real-time brain activity as well as AI models do.
This study not only changes our understanding of language but also has practical value. The team has shared a public data set of neural recordings, providing a powerful resource for scientists to develop more brain-like models. This research builds a bridge between AI and neuroscience and opens new ways to explore how our brains make sense of the world through language. It has great value in fields like language education and brain science.
1．How did the researchers carry out the experiment
A．They compared how different AI models work together.
B．They studied the brain’s neural processes by studying phonemes.
C．They developed brain-like AI models and tested them with a data set.
D．They followed the testers’ brain activity as the testers listened to an audio program.
2．What can we know about the brain’s language processing method
A．It first thinks of some broader meanings.
B．It builds meaning in a similar way to an AI model.
C．It depends more on strict rules than on different situations.
D．It fully understands the speech immediately after hearing it.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The gradually closer gap between AI technology and neuroscience.
B．The importance of neural data sets for AI and neuroscience research.
C．The study’s practical use and the new research directions it brings about.
D．The methods to develop advanced AI models by using neural recordings.
八、阅读理解
（2026·北京石景山·一模）In the classic story The Little Engine That Could, a small train worked hard up a steep hill, repeating, “I think I can.” This story shows how much society values perseverance—sticking with something even when it’s hard.
But researchers suggest that sometimes, instead of always setting new goals, we should ask: “What do I no longer need ” Past goals may no longer fit our lives. They might be too hard, too expensive, or simply not what we want anymore. However, quitting (放弃) is often looked down upon, so letting go can be even harder than persevering.
Why We Stick with Past Goals
Scientists are now studying why quitting is so difficult. One reason is the “sunk-cost” bias— we find it hard to give up something after we’ve spent time, money, or effort on it.
In one online game, researchers had over 3, 500 players push colored buttons to get points. Some buttons gave points more often than others, but players weren’t told which. They could turn to a new color at any time but couldn’t go back. Most players stuck with a color far longer than they should have, even though making a change would have been smarter. “Even in this unpaid game, people worked hard to move on,” said researcher Rachit Dubey. In real life, where emotions are involved, it’s even harder.
How to Quit in a Healthy Way
So if quitting is sometimes the best choice, how do we do it Studies show that why we quit is the key point. A 2022 study followed over 900 people who were giving up long-term goals. Those who quit because others pressured them often felt“stuck” (被困住的) and doubted their decision. But those who quit because the goal no longer fit found it easier to move on.
Psychologist Andreea Gavrila compares quitting to a breakup. “It’s very messy,” she says. Quitting a goal can take months or even years. But if there’s a moment you decide from your inner motivation (内在的动机) to do it, there’ll be the process of moving on.
A Different Kind of Courage
We often think of perseverance as a strength. But sometimes, holding on does more harm than good. Letting go of a goal you’ve outgrown can free up mental space and energy for new dreams. Finding a new way forward may first require the courage to say, “I think I can’t.”
1．Why does the writer use the story at the beginning of the passage
A．To explain how trains work. B．To show his love for classic stories.
C．To prove that quitting is always bad. D．To lead into the topic of perseverance.
2．What does the phrase “sunk-cost” bias in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．The habit of giving up when things get hard.
B．The feeling of sticking with what you’ve put in.
C．The idea about trying new things in a brave way.
D．The worry about wasting money on something new.
3．Which of the following would the researchers agree with
A．It’s easy for people to give up old goals quickly.
B．People should stick with their long-held goals in life.
C．Quitting based on inner drive helps people move on.
D．Outer pressure is the best reason for people to quit a goal.
4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A．The Importance of Persevering in Our Life Goals
B．Different Ways to Realize Our Dreams Successfully
C．How to Set New and Practical Goals for a Better Life
D．Sometimes Letting Go of Unfit Goals Is the Best Choice
九、阅读理解
（2026·北京东城·一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
David felt no joy. It was his second week at the new school but he still had no friends. Every time he went up to his classmates, he found a closed circle. The football team had enough players. The art club was full. Everyone had their own groups.
During break, he saw some classmates throwing darts and counting the holes on a dartboard. David wondered what they were doing but he couldn’t find the courage to ask.
The next day was the Class Fun Day. There were circles all around David. Big, bright hula hoops (呼啦圈).
Suddenly someone shouted, “Look at David’s hula hoop.” David had brought an old bicycle tyre (轮胎). He wanted to disappear. Again, he could feel the circle closing, leaving him out. The other children ran out to play. David was left alone.
“Why are you in class, David ” Mr Wilson, his maths teacher, asked. “They laughed at my ugly circle,” David replied.
“Ah David,” the teacher said. “It’s not what’s on the outside that matters. It’s what’s inside. Just like pi (π).”
Mr Wilson picked up David’s tyre and a big, shiny hula hoop.
“Divide the length of the circumference (周长) of this hula hoop by its diameter (直径),” Mr Wilson said. David got 3.14768. “Great! Now divide the circumference of your tyre by its diameter.” David got 3.1463.
Mr Wilson smiled. “When we divide the circumference of any circle by its diameter, the number we get is always about 3.14. This is called pi. Whether it is a shiny hula hoop or an old tyre, you will find pi.”
David understood what Mr Wilson was trying to tell him. When it came to the laws of maths, his tyre was just as good as a shiny hula hoop. He realised that circles may appear to be closed but they had an open mystery (奥秘) inside them. Then he read a book about pi.
In the afternoon, he saw a younger group of children playing a game at the dartboard.
“I’m David,” he said. “I read about pi. I know what this is.” The children formed a circle around David. He counted the holes and started doing the maths. The answer was 3.14159. There was a loud cheer. David was finally part of a circle. He felt a sense of wonder.
1．How did David feel when he first came to the new school
A．Lonely. B．Bored. C．Confident. D．Cheerful.
2．How did David become part of a circle
A．By asking the teacher for help.
B．By bringing an old bicycle tyre.
C．By sharing his maths knowledge.
D．By showing his dart-throwing skills.
3．What does the writer mainly want to tell us
A．Growth takes time. B．Not everything is as it looks.
C．Happiness lies in small things. D．Learning is a lifelong journey.
十、阅读理解
（2026·北京丰台·一模）
Household robots have long been a popular idea in science fiction. Now, scientists are finally making them real, yet one daily task has proved surprisingly challenging: folding laundry.
Picking up a T-shirt and folding it seems easy, but it requires a complex (复杂的) understanding of how objects move in three dimensions (维度). Humans learn how fabrics (织物) respond and can apply that knowledge to new situations, but robots cannot. As a result, robots are slow and poor at folding laundry.
One key difficulty in teaching robots this skill is the endless number of ways various fabrics can fold. It’s simple for people to pick up a shirt and quickly find a sleeve or collar to fold it, but each way a shirt crumples is a new challenge for robots, which are often trained on images of smooth clothing lying flat on a surface.
This task is easier for people because we learn by seeing and feeling things. Our eyes and hands provide rich information by interacting with objects. Simply looking at a piece of fabric gives us a learned understanding of how heavy or stretchy it is, and how it would best be folded. For example, we know jeans don’t fold like silk. Robots, however, don’t understand that more force is required to lift and fold a pair of jeans than a blouse and instead must interact with the object before determining (确定) a folding plan.
Additionally, robots’ “hands” aren’t as flexible (灵活的) as ours. Many grippers are designed for specific objects, like picking up exact-sized screws (螺丝) in a car factory. Laundry presents a challenge: the dimensions of fabric change with every fold, so grippers must be able to adjust (调节) to match any fabric shape and size. “Folding laundry requires skilled hand control and high-level reasoning,” computer scientist Danica Kragic explains.
Many robots fold laundry using “pick and place”. They pick up a point on clothing and move it along a fixed path to a set spot. However, this method adapts (适应) poorly to real-time changes. Now, a newer method called AdaFold can adjust its plan during folding by monitoring the fabric and adapting its actions as needed. This flexibility could help scientists design robots that better adapt to changing environments.
Even though robots still have trouble with messy, crumpled clothing, new methods like AdaFold are bringing folding laundry closer to reality.
1．What is the main challenge for robots folding laundry
A．The way fabric crumples creates too many changes.
B．Robots are not trained to fold different kinds of clothes.
C．Robots perform poorly on finding a fixed point to start folding.
D．The movement of objects requires robots to have learned skills.
2．What can we learn from the passage
A．Robots can determine a folding plan after looking at fabrics.
B．“Pick and place” follows flexible paths for folding clothes.
C．AdaFold can adapt its folding path to fabric changes.
D．Grippers are adjustable to fit various fabrics.
3．Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A．Want A Household Robot Keep Waiting
B．Need Laundry Folded Don’t Ask A Robot
C．Folding Laundry: People Perform Better than Robots
D．Folding Laundry: Reasoning matters More than Skills
十一、阅读理解
（2026·北京顺义·一模）
If you’ve ever worn a cotton T-shirt, drunk bottled water, or forgotten to turn off the tap, you’ve unknowingly connected with coral reefs—those vibrant underwater ecosystems that are disappearing faster than we realize. National Geographic’s 2024 Marine Survey reveals that 50％ of the world’s coral reefs have died since 1995, and without action, another 90％ could disappear by 2050. Coral reefs aren’t just exotic wonders—they’re linked to our lives, and saving them starts with understanding that link.
First, let’s uncover why coral reefs matter beyond their beauty. Though they cover less than 1％ of the ocean floor, they support 25％ of all marine species (海洋物种), from tiny clownfish to large sea turtles. This biodiversity isn’t just fascinating—it’s necessary and important to human survival. Over 500 million people rely on reef fish for protein, and reefs act as natural breakwaters, reducing storm damage to coastal communities by up to 97%. For students, reefs also fuel curiosity: their limestone skeletons, built over thousands of years, hold clues to Earth’s past climate, much like tree rings. Losing reefs means losing a classroom of natural science.
So what’s harming them The biggest threats are linked to our daily habits. Carbon emissions (排放) from cars and energy use warm oceans, causing “coral bleaching”—when corals force out the algae (藻类) that give them color and food. Plastic waste, often from single-use items like water bottles or snack wrappers, entangles (缠住) coral polyps and gives off toxic chemicals. Even water waste plays a role: a single load of laundry uses 41 gallons of water, and runoff from our homes carries pollutants into reef habitats. The good news These are problems students can deal with directly.
Teenagers around the world are already leading the charge, proving that age doesn’t limit impact. In Cape Town, 18-year-old Jade founded Oceano Redemptores, an organization that turns beach plastic into “eco-bricks” for building houses. Her team hosts monthly clean-ups where students collect plastic waste that would otherwise reach reefs, and she gives talks at schools to teach peers about the reef-plastic connection. Across the globe, high school students in Australia use smartphone apps to report bleached coral to marine scientists, helping track damage in real time. Even small acts add up: switching to reusable water bottles, buying secondhand clothes (to reduce cotton’s water footprint), and using reef-safe sunscreen can cut your personal impact by 30％.
National Geographic explorer Sylvia Earle once said, “The ocean connects us all.” This is never truer than for coral reefs. Every time you choose to walk to school instead of getting a ride, or recycle a plastic bag, you’re sending a lifeline to these underwater ecosystems. Saving reefs isn’t about grand gestures—it’s about recognizing that your daily choices are part of a global web.
1．According to the passage, what makes coral reefs a “natural classroom”
A．Offering a large number of reef fish for people to eat.
B．Providing clues about Earth’s past climate conditions.
C．Protecting coastal communities from serious storms.
D．Supporting different kinds of marine species.
2．Why does the writer mention Sylvia Earle’s saying
A．To stress that people are closely linked to coral reefs.
B．To explain that coral reef protection is important to humans.
C．To prove that coral reef protection requires global cooperation.
D．To suggest that people should take action to protect coral reefs.
3．According to the passage, what can you do to protect coral reefs
A．Wear a cotton T-shirt. B．Wash clothes every day.
C．Use one water bottle many times. D．Choose common sunscreen.
十二、阅读理解
（2026·北京·一模）It was a long night. Our dog Precious was having puppies. I stayed by her side. After six hours, the puppies finally arrived. The first was black and white. The next two were tan (棕褐色的) and brown, and the last two were also black and white. I counted five puppies and went to tell my wife, Judy, that everything was okay.
When we came back, we saw a sixth puppy alone in the cage. Judy noticed something was wrong. The puppy had a cleft lip and palate (唇腭裂 ), which meant it couldn’t close its mouth or suckle (吸吮). The vet said it would cost a lot to fix, and the puppy might not survive. We couldn’t afford it, but I decided to try my best to help the puppy. I fed it with a syringe every two hours for over 10 days. The puppy slowly learned to eat soft food.
After five weeks, we found homes for all the puppies except the one with the cleft lip.
One day, our neighbor, a retired (退休的) teacher, asked if she could have a puppy for her grandson. When they arrived, I told her all the puppies were taken. Just then, the little puppy with the cleft lip started to yelp (吠叫). The boy ran to the puppy, calling it “my puppy”. He looked up at his grandmother and said, “Look, Grandma! They found homes for all the puppies except the pretty one.”
The teacher asked if the puppy was available. I said yes. The boy hugged the puppy tightly (紧紧地).
The image of the boy and his puppy still stays with me. I think it must be a wonderful feeling to look at a small animal and see nothing except “the pretty one”.
1．What can we know about the sixth puppy
A．It had trouble eating. B．It was black and white.
C．It lived alone all the time. D．It was the writer’s favorite.
2．What did the writer do to help the sixth puppy
A．He took it to the vet every day. B．He taught it to play with the boy.
C．He asked neighbors to look after it. D．He fed it with a syringe for over 10 days.
3．What can we learn from the story
A．It’s not easy to keep pets at home. B．It’s expensive to look after sick pets.
C．We should accept and care for every life. D．We should make friends with pretty animals.
十三、阅读理解
（2026·北京顺义·一模）After dinner, I told my six-year-old son, who was mid-meltdown, “Use your words!” He had just started yelling and hitting his eight-year-old sister because she wasn’t sharing a toy he believed was his. Both kids froze for a second, giving me just enough time to slow my own quickly rising emotions.
Looking back, I realize I never actually explained to my kids why words can help. But putting feelings into words is how we begin to name what’s happening inside us, and that naming can start to change the experience itself. Sometimes, as research shows, the words we choose to describe our lives can shape our mental health for months and years to come.
Psychologists are exploring how verbalizing our feelings can transform experience. It can help us manage heated moments and also support healing from life’s hardest situations. Research published over the past 40 years on expressive disclosure—using your words—shows it can lead to significant health improvements, especially for those dealing with stressful life events. Another research shows that writing about feelings can have a similar effect. After writing about a challenging situation, people report fewer doctor visits, reduced pain, stronger immune function (免疫功能), and better outcomes for conditions.
Research also shows that writing about feelings can actually change the way you remember them. For those who don’t like to write, talking through one’s feelings works just as well. When we describe painful or overwhelming events, we don’t just relive them. We reorganize them. We add meaning, emotional context and resolution. In doing so, we can reduce the pain these memories cause and make them easier to deal with.
Similar expressive writing programs are being explored with children and stem from (源于) research by psychologist John Gottman. A recent review shows these newer expressive writing programs have small but meaningful effects on improving outcomes for emotional well-being among kids ages 10 to 18 years old. There’s even some indication that these programs can improve school achievement among kids who have significant emotional problems. Even for young kids, storytelling and drawing can help make sense of big emotions, especially when guided by a teacher or parent.
“Use your words” is a tool, and like any tool, it takes practice for someone to use it effectively. Sometimes we see it pay off. The boy is trying new ways to ask the girl to share her toys, and sometimes it even works. When using their words helps them get what they want or helps them solve a problem, it creates its own reward loop (循环). Over time, these small moments of language aren’t just about resolving conflicts. People begin to see themselves as the main characters in their own life stories—those who can take action and make changes, which, as research shows, is a foundation for lasting well-being.
1．Why does the writer mention the experience at the beginning of the passage
A．To introduce a topic. B．To offer a solution.
C．To describe a problem. D．To support a viewpoint.
2．What does the word “verbalizing” in the third paragraph most probably mean
A．Understanding. B．Showing. C．Controlling. D．Voicing.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Simple expressions make stressful events easy to face.
B．Words change how people understand their bad experiences.
C．Talking is more effective than writing in dealing with emotions.
D．People’s physical health decides their ability to manage feelings.
4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A．“Using Your Words” Shapes Mental Health
B．“Using Your Words” Builds Lasting Well-being
C．“Using Your Words” Reorganizes Painful Memories
D．“Using Your Words” Helps Make Sense of Big Emotions
十四、阅读理解
（2026·北京门头沟·二模）
Rania was sure that her wooden pencil had magical power. Every morning, she held it close and whispered, “Help me get top marks in every test.” Her older sister Somia just rolled her eyes and said, “It’s just a pencil.” However, Rania didn’t listen to her. “My teacher said my writing had improved last week!”
“That’s because you practiced, not because the pencil did anything,” Somia explained. But Rania still didn’t believe her sister.
A few days before the exams, Rania spent most of her time on her phone, believing that her pencil would work its magic on the day of the exams. Mum watched Rania worriedly but said nothing— she knew that some lessons had to be learned the hard way.
On the morning of her first exam, Rania walked into the classroom with her “magical” pencil. “Work your magic,” she thought. But when she looked at the test paper, her mind went completely blank. She hadn’t reviewed at all. Staring at the empty page with tears in her eyes, she threw the pencil on the desk and finally realized: there was no magic in it.
Rania ran home crying and threw herself into Mum’s arms. “The pencil isn’t magical!” she cried. Mum patted her back lightly. “Mistakes are how we learn,” she said. “True magic comes from hard work, not a pencil or wishful thinking.”
These words touched Rania deeply. That night, she put away her phone and opened her textbooks. Every night, she reviewed her notes, asked her teachers for help, and even studied with Somia. By the time of the next exam, she felt ready.
This time, when she walked into the classroom, she held her pencil calmly— not because she thought it was magical, but because she knew she was well-prepared. When the results came out, she got excellent grades this time.
Holding her report card, Rania smiled at her family. “I used to think magic could make me successful. “But now I have realized that real magic is perseverance (坚持不懈) and hard work.”
1．Why did Rania believe that her pencil was magical at the beginning
A．Because Somia encouraged her to believe in magic.
B．Because her handwriting was praised by her teacher.
C．Because she had passed all the exams easily with it.
D．Because she could write answers more quickly with it.
2．How did Rania feel when she walked into the classroom for the second exam
A．Confident. B．Upset. C．Regretful. D．Nervous.
3．What can we learn from the story
A．The secret of success lies in hard work and effort.
B．A little wishful thinking can push us to make real efforts.
C．Magic tools are useless unless we match them with hard work.
D．Mistakes are one of the most important ways to learn life lessons.
十五、阅读理解
（2026·北京朝阳·一模）“Dear Daddy” Notes
My father was the gentlest and most caring dad in the world. But when we argued, he became strict and never considered that there could be another side. My words seemed to reach no one because his ears were closed. I could never win.
When my father refused to understand that I needed privacy for my phone, I felt frustrated (沮丧的) and even cried. When he noticed I was trying to explain my reason for not wearing uniforms to school in junior high, he ended our “discussion”, leaving me silently sad. Later, when he refused to let me go on my last-year class trip to Montreal, I could do nothing but run out of his room in great sadness. I couldn’t get him to listen to my side, maybe he would read it.
Hoping his eyes would be more open than his ears, I wrote a note that began “Dear Daddy” and ended with how much I respected his opinion, hated to fight with him, valued our relationship, and loved him. I put the note under his door and raced back to my room.
Minutes later, there was a knock at my door. Seeing my father’s face, I knew my note had softened his strictness and touched his heart.
Getting his agreement to go to Montreal was sweet. Even better was discovering a way to argue with him without tears, ending with a hug instead. My “Dear Daddy” notes became a way to follow up on many of our arguments. During our most heated disagreements, I knew how to get through to him, but his firm (坚定的) final word left me speechless.
Years later, my father and I still share those sweet memories about my “Dear Daddy” notes. Whenever we look back on our heated disagreements and how those little notes helped him finally understand me, we can’t help smiling. He never said he knew my little plan, but I could always tell he loved every note that helped him see my way. To this day, those notes remain one of my favorite stories between us.
1．How did the writer feel when her father refused her Montreal trip
A．Nervous. B．Lonely. C．Disappointed. D．Calm.
2．What could the “Dear Daddy” notes help the writer do
A．Send messages faster. B．Avoid meeting her father.
C．Improve her writing skills. D．Make her father understand her.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Understanding matters more than winning.
B．Reaching agreement isn’t important in argument.
C．Sweet memories often come from heated fights.
D．Children should consider their parents’ opinions.
十六、阅读理解
（2026·北京顺义·一模）The Math Challenge
It was Friday, and there were only 15 minutes until lunch. All the students in Mrs. Stretch’s math class were waiting excitedly for the fun game called Around the World. This was Eddie’s favorite activity. He loved racing against classmates to solve math problems quickly. Eddie sometimes won and sometimes lost, but his friend Michael was always the champion. Michael never lost and beat everyone in class every week.
Soon the game started. Mrs. Stretch let the new student Talia play first. Talia was very fast. She beat Eddie, Vivian, and many other students one by one. No one could stop her. Finally, only Michael was left. The whole class became quiet and watched carefully. When Mrs. Stretch gave the question, Talia answered correctly before Michael. Everyone cheered loudly for the new winner.
After class, Eddie found Michael sitting sadly at his desk with his head down. Eddie walked over and asked, “You OK ” Michael didn’t look up. Eddie could tell he was upset. He sat beside Michael and said, “It’s OK to lose. I lose all the time, and you’re still great at math. ”
Michael looked up and said quietly, “I thought no one liked me. They cheered when I lost. ” Eddie smiled and explained that the class was just surprised and happy for Talia’s amazing work. He told Michael that one loss didn’t change how good he was.
Then Eddie said, “We can practice math together. I can help you, and you can help me. Next time you can challenge her again. ” Michael felt much better and said with a little smile, “Challenge accepted!”
Finally, the two friends walked out together to join their classmates. Michael was no longer sad. He felt hopeful and ready to practice hard for the next game.
1．What do you know about the game “Around the World” in the passage
A．It is a race to solve math problems. B．It usually lasts more than one hour.
C．It is a game to welcome new students. D．It teaches students how to communicate.
2．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．Being fast at math is very important.
B．One failure cannot show a person’s ability.
C．It is easy to become popular by winning games.
D．People should try their best to challenge themselves.
3．What will the two friends probably do next
A．They will challenge Talia after lunch. B．They will ask the teacher for help.
C．They will practice math together. D．They will stop playing the game.
十七、阅读理解
（2026·北京朝阳·一模）A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with a clear goal in mind: How can willpower be improved If willpower is truly easily used up, as the research suggests, what can be done to keep it strong
Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an effective method for keeping self-control, so please follow “out of view, out of mind” rule. One recent study, for example, found office workers are less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks.
The research suggesting that we have a limited amount of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail Not necessarily. Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely used up. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve (储备), saved for future needs. The right drive allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High drive might help deal with weakened willpower, at least to a point.
Willpower may also be made less easily exhausted (精疲力尽的) in the first place. Researchers compare self-control to a muscle (肌肉) that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another side to this comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by daily exercise in the long term. Similarly, we should take regular (有规律的) practices of self-control to build willpower strength.
Studies on willpower exhaustion suggest that making a list of decisions on New Year’s Eve is the worst possible way. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don’t try to give up smoking, choose a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better way. Once a good habit is in place, psychologist Baumeister says, you’ll no longer need willpower to keep the behavior. Finally, healthy habits will become routine (常规) and won’t require making decisions at all.
Many questions about the nature of self-control remain to be answered by further research. Yet it seems likely that with clear goals, good self-control and a little practice, you can train your willpower to stay strong in the face of temptation.
1．From the studies, we can learn that ________.
A．daily activities can keep people’s willpower active
B．willpower is not easily completely used up in daily life
C．strong wishes are the key to solving willpower problems
D．people can improve their willpower by controlling themselves less
2．What does the phrase “tap into” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．Set up. B．Take up. C．Run out of. D．Make use of.
3．To form a good habit, which of the following does the writer prefer
A．Focusing on one goal before moving on to another.
B．Preparing a long list of decisions on New Year’s Eve.
C．Trying different plans to develop healthy daily habits.
D．Carrying out several lifestyle changes at the same time.
4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To offer advice on how to improve and keep willpower.
B．To explain why people’s willpower becomes weak easily.
C．To show how to avoid different kinds of daily temptations.
D．To discuss the problems caused by poor self-control in life.
十八、阅读理解
（2026·北京大兴·一模）Jared sat unhappily, staring into space as he fanned himself with a napkin (餐巾纸). His grandma’s noodle stand was full of noise and people. Jared sighed (叹气) heavily. He had wanted to spend his school holiday playing video games, not sitting in this hot food market at nine o’clock in the morning.
“Ugh, why are you still working at your age You’re seventy-two!” Jared asked. Grandma just smiled and kept cooking, her hands moving quickly — pouring soup, adding toppings, passing bowls to customers with a warm nod.
“Sit there and watch, boy,” Grandma said. “There are things books do not teach.” Jared didn’t understand. To him, it just looked like hard, tiring work.
As the morning went on, Jared began to notice small things. Grandma knew every customer’s name and she remembered their small favorites — extra fish balls for one, no spring onions for another, less salt for the third. When a little boy dropped his spoon, Grandma quietly handed him a new one before he even asked. When an old lady struggled with her tray, she came around and helped her take it to her table.
“Don’t you get tired of all this ” Jared finally asked during a short break. Grandma smiled. “Of course, I do. But without it, I was never able to pay for your father’s education. And when I see elderly people who might not get a good meal for the day, I know why I must continue. Tiredness goes away. But the will to keep going, bowl after bowl, stays.”
Jared didn’t say anything. He had thought his grandma’s job was just about making noodles. But watching her today, Jared saw how Grandma served each bowl with care. What he had thought was just cooking turned out to be admirable work.
“You should enjoy life in your old age!” Jared asked as he helped clean up. Grandma looked at him and said, “People remember how you make them feel. In fact, I enjoy spending my time this way.” Jared laughed a little. Between playing video games and making someone smile, he now knew which one counted more.
1．How did Jared feel at his grandma’s noodle stand at first
A．Excited and hopeful. B．Surprised and curious. C．Upset and afraid. D．Unhappy and bored.
2．What did Jared notice as the morning went on
A．Grandma remembered customers’ likes and dislikes.
B．Grandma often forgot to add toppings to the noodles.
C．Grandma rested sometimes because she felt very tired.
D．Grandma cared about how to make money quickly.
3．What can we learn from the story
A．Making noodles is a good way to make money for a family.
B．Young people should respect and understand their elders.
C．Helping others and caring for people can bring true happiness.
D．It is important to learn how to cook from your family members.
十九、阅读理解
（2026·北京·一模）Imagine a cute cat doll that chats with you while showing lively facial expressions, a smart globe that introduces local cultures based on where you tap, or a small robot ready to play Go or Chinese chess.
These creative toys all use artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, and such interactive and responsive “smart companions (伴侣)” are quickly becoming popular with consumers (消费者) around the world.
As new AI technologies develop rapidly, these smart toys are being produced and used in larger numbers. They have turned from something unusual into common products in many families, bringing new experiences to both children and adult users.
Experts and business leaders say AI toys, created to provide emotional support and companionship, are well placed to drive the next wave of consumer trends by using advanced technologies to build emotional links with consumers.
“Young consumers are increasingly paying for emotional value, and AI companionship is emerging (出现) as a key early use case,” some industry experts have pointed out in recent reports.
Beyond emotional support, AI toys may also affect the way kids grow up. They promise every child a kind of upbringing (养育) that was once only available to rich families, with private tutors (辅导), personalized learning activities and custom-made entertainment.
However, there are risks. AI may influence vulnerable (易受伤害的) people and children to harm themselves. For example, some AI toys told researchers where to find potentially dangerous objects.
Similar concerns have been raised about AI toys, which could potentially store personal data. According to some critics, “AI toys feel like a wolf in sheep’s clothing, because when using them it’s hard to tell how much privacy you don’t have.”
AI may also reinforce echo chambers (信息茧房), where people see only content they agree with. A favorites-only diet means a person never needs to learn to accept something unfamiliar. AI companions that never criticize or share their own feelings may leave people unprepared for dealing with real human beings.
Because of this, some basic protective measures are urgently needed. These could include stricter age restrictions (限制) on chat bots and tighter rules for AI companies. At the same time, parents should think carefully before trusting their children to a machine that only tells them what they already agree with.
1．What can we infer from the passage
A．Rich kids refuse to use AI toys in their daily life.
B．AI toys are welcomed but cause worries as well.
C．AI toys will take the place of human teachers soon.
D．People have found effective ways to reduce the risks of AI toys.
2．What is one of the benefits AI toys can bring to kids
A．They offer personalized support. B．They teach kids to be independent.
C．They help children think more actively. D．They develop kids’ awareness of self-protection.
3．Some critics call AI toys “a wolf in sheep’s clothing” because they________________.
A．seem educational but are just for fun B．may cheat children into buying them
C．usually give users what they agree with D．appear friendly but actually put users’ privacy at risk
4．How can we deal with the risks of AI toys according to the passage
A．Strengthen age limits and rules.
B．Provide users with regular training.
C．Stay with children when they play with AI toys.
D．Do more research before putting AI toys on the market.
二十、阅读理解
（2026·北京朝阳·一模）
Many people think that eating a fruit in summer has the same effect on your body as eating it in winter. However, new research shows a different result.
Our bodies have body cycles, which are just like our body clocks. There’s a main clock in the brain and other clocks in different body parts. These clocks work together to control different body activities. For example, at night, our bodies produce chemical substances (化学物质) that make us sleepy.
The body knows what time it is mainly through light. Since the daylight changes with the seasons, our bodies adjust (调整) accordingly. There are two types of body cycles: daily cycles and yearly cycles.
Food also influences our body clocks. The idea suggests that parts in plants can let our bodies know about the place where the plants grow. So, eating fruits and vegetables when they’re in season can help our bodies get used to the changing seasons. For example, apples are in season in autumn. Apples from this season have certain things that can help our bodies save energy and get stronger against illness as the weather turns cold.
However, these days, we can eat all kinds of fruits and vegetables at any time of the year. According to the recent study, polyphenols (多酚) which are things in fruits and vegetables are good for our health and can affect our body cycles. Different plants have different kinds of polyphenols because of their growing conditions. It is believed that eating out-of-season fruits might cause a difference between our body clock and the real environment.
Let’s take bananas as an example. Bananas grow in areas with a hot climate. In the places where they come from, they come together at a certain time of the year. If people in mild-climate (气候温和的) areas eat bananas when they’re not in season locally, it might mess up the body’s normal cycle. Our bodies may get “wrong” signals, which could possibly influence how our body processes (加工) food and our general health.
So, it’s better to eat fruits in season to keep our body cycles in line with the environment. But remember, eating any fruit is better than not eating at all.
1．According to the passage, what can we learn about body cycles
A．They have nothing to do with food.
B．They change as the daylight changes.
C．They work together because of the main clock.
D．They produce chemical substances to control sleep.
2．Why does the writer mention polyphenols in Paragraph 5
A．To tell readers what polyphenols are in plants.
B．To show all fruits are good for people’s health.
C．To advise people to eat more fruit in cold weather.
D．To explain why out-of-season fruits influence body cycles.
3．What is the passage mainly about
A．The differences between summer fruits and winter fruits.
B．The ways to keep our body clocks working properly all year round.
C．The relationship between eating seasonal fruits and our body cycles.
D．The reasons why our bodies need different chemicals in different seasons.
二十一、阅读理解
（2026·北京西城·一模）You’ve been there before: promising to finish that report by Thursday, telling your partner you’ll be ready in “just five minutes,” or confidently planning back-to-back meetings with zero buffer (缓冲) time. Then reality hits, deadlines rush by, and you’re left wondering why you’re so bad at estimating (估计) time. You’re not alone. Most people often underestimate the time, costs, and risks of future actions while overestimating their benefits. This is the “planning fallacy.”
The planning fallacy is more than just poor time management. Imagine you are short on time but have to write an email. You quickly estimate it will not take too long, but it takes far longer than you thought. What has happened Most likely, you pictured yourself writing the message, reviewing it once, and hitting send. The problem is, when you plan, you focus on the task itself while forgetting the countless small interruptions (干扰) and difficulties that unavoidably appear.
The planning fallacy also explains why large projects always run over budget and take more time than planned. Part of the reason is that everyone makes optimistic (乐观的) estimates, which quickly produce wildly unrealistic expectations. The problem is often made worse by the “sunk cost fallacy.” We refuse to accept failure when too much effort has been made, and throw more time and money at the project instead.
The planning fallacy can be very costly. Missed deadlines hurt your reputation (名声). Poor planning eats your time away and then other chances will pass you by. And when every task takes longer than expected, you keep playing catch-up, creating unnecessary stress and health problems.
So what can you do Instead of thinking about the task, use data (数据). Think back to when you last completed a similar task. How long did it take This works best if you keep some actual notes. Adding buffers is also a good idea, but one rule to keep you realistic is to add percentages instead of fixed time buffers. For example, add 25% to your estimate instead of 10 minutes more. Break big projects into smaller, more predictable steps, and estimate the time of each one. Estimating a big project holds lots of unknowns. Vague commitments hardly work. Instead, create clear “if-then” plans: If I have a meeting at 9 a.m. on Monday, then I’ll add a 25% buffer (leave 30 minutes earlier than usual) to account for the rush hour traffic instead of just saying “I’ll go earlier.”
When you learn to make more clear time estimates, you will experience less stress, achieve higher-quality work, and improve your reputation. You’ll also save time, make more space in your mind needed for creative work and have the time to chase other chances.
1．Which of the following would probably lead to “planning fallacy”
A．Putting off a task until the last minute.
B．Creating timetables based only on the best cases.
C．Spending more time than planned to complete a task.
D．Continuing a failing project because so much has been put into it.
2．What do the words “vague commitments” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean
A．Goals that are difficult to achieve.
B．Statements that hurt one’s reputation.
C．Promises that are general and uncertain.
D．Agreements that aren’t carefully considered.
3．According to the passage, what can we do to avoid planning fallacy
A．Stay optimistic to achieve more higher-quality and creative work.
B．Make clearer plans by building in a 15-minute buffer for each task.
C．Break large tasks into smaller parts and decide which one to complete first.
D．Record how long it takes to complete a task as a guide for the next time.
4．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with
A．Plan

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