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Unit 3　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:53.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共11题;每题1分,共11分)
1.affect
A.vt.影响　B.vt.打动　C.vt.假装　D. vt.侵袭,感染
①The heartfelt speech affected the audience deeply.　　　
②Your opinion will not affect my decision.　　　
③He affected a calmness he did not feel.　　　
④The disease can affect anyone who comes into contact with the infected person.　　　
2.contract
A.vt.感染(疾病)　B.vt.与……订立合同(或契约)　C.n.合同,合约
①Under the terms of the contract the job should have been finished yesterday.　　　
②More than 200 people have died after contracting the disease over the past 2 years.　　　
③The player is contracted to play until August.　　　
3.while
A.conj.当……的时候　B.n.一会儿 C.conj.虽然;尽管　D.conj.然而
①While I am willing to help,I do not have much time available.　　　
②He is very interested in rock music,while his brother is fond of folk music.　　　
③While I was waiting at the bus stop,three buses went by in the opposite direction.　　　
④I’ll be back in a little while.　　 　
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Humans have been searching for the fountain of youth.A scientist named Dr David proved that reversing the age of a cell is possible.1.　　　 It will allow us to live healthy lives for an extended period of time.Here are some ways you can improve your health today.
Relieve your joints.There is something called hyaluronic acid (透明质酸) in your joints.You might have heard of it being put into skin creams before.It holds a lot of moisture and is used to relieve a dry eye as well as improve the skin,remove wrinkles and make joints healthy.2.　　　
Maximise your exercise.While it’s clear that living healthily may only bring minor life extension,exercise helps with a wide range of longevity pathways.It seems that resistance exercise is the best for health and longevity.But remember,you don’t have to lift heavy weights if you don’t want to.3.　　　 We recommend using resistance bands as they are personalised based on your current performance.
Sleep better.A sleep is an essential time for our bodily repair.4.　　　 Watching TV late at night,sleeping in a room where there is too much light,and not having a night-time routine can all affect sleep.
Improve your memory.5.　　　 Fasting for more than 48 hours has been shown to activate something called autophagy,which is where the body gets rid of cells it no longer needs to make room for new ones.If you prefer not to fast,you can take an ingredient called spermidine (亚精胺) instead.It is an element found naturally in wheatgerm,and is proven to improve brain performance.
A.A can of beans is sometimes enough!
B.It even shows promise for fighting cancer.
C.The only danger lies in not sleeping enough.
D.Protecting your brain is obviously very important.
E.When it is disturbed,particularly for extended periods,our bodies suffer.
F.Within a couple of decades this technology should be available to humans.
G.In 20 years we may have some science fiction style time machines for our bodies.
Ⅲ.完形填空 (共15题;每题1分,共15分)
340-pound Andy Duran decided to return to his favourite high school hobby—skateboarding.
However,Duran’s　1　 began before he even stepped on a skateboard.He couldn’t find any resources for 　2　 skateboarders—what types of skateboards to 　3　 and where to buy plus-size shirts.
What Duran did find instead was an unfounded　4　.“People say that if you’re over 190 pounds you shouldn’t be on a skateboard,” he says.
Determined to do something to　5　 the description of plus-size people in sports,Duran set up Chub Rollz—a skateboarding community for overweight skateboarders.To encourage plus-size people to 　6　 the fun sport,Duran created a list of recommended 　7　 for them.He also hosted skateboarding classes to teach beginners.
The comments on Chub Rollz have been　8　.Following an article about his action on the Internet,Duran received a lot of messages from 　9　 showing thanks for giving them courage to stand on skateboards.
Duran believes a lot more needs to be done to　10　 body image stereotypes (成见).“Maybe skateboard shops should create a 　11　 environment for us and all types of boards should be made—everyone is making lighter products,but sometimes we need other 　12　,” he explains.For those 　13　 about taking up their favourite sports due to their 　14　,Duran has this to say,“Be 　15　 to yourself,as you’re often your worst critic (批评家).That you don’t see it doesn’t mean you can’t do it.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述Andy Duran为了改变人们对超重人士在体育运动中的刻板印象和成见,为超重滑板者建立滑板社区,鼓励他们积极参与运动。
(　　)1.[A] chances [B] protests
[C] challenges [D] arrangements
(　　)2.[A] new [B] fat
[C] gifted [D] young
(　　)3.[A] register [B] design
[C] sell [D] try
(　　)4.[A] proof [B] guideline
[C] report [D] belief
(　　)5.[A] check [B] change
[C] stress [D] match
(　　)6.[A] play [B] promote
[C] like [D] rate
(　　)7.[A] products [B] books
[C] hobbies [D] sizes
(　　)8.[A] unusual [B] positive
[C] informal [D] immediate
(　　)9.[A] volunteers [B] students
[C] strangers [D] neighbours
(　　)10.[A] understand [B] control
[C] compare [D] remove
(　　)11.[A] safe [B] competitive
[C] welcoming [D] healthy
(　　)12.[A] choices [B] plans
[C] measures [D] experiences
(　　)13.[A] careful [B] curious
[C] certain [D] doubtful
(　　)14.[A] skill [B] weight
[C] popularity [D] age
(　　)15.[A] useful [B] open
[C] kind [D] faithful
Ⅳ.应用文写作 (15分)
假设你是李华,你的外国朋友Chris给你写信表达他对青少年心理健康的关注,请你用英语给他回信,内容包括:
1.你的看法;
2.你的理由及建议。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris,
Yours,
Li HuaUnit 3　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The flowers in the vase look so beautiful,but on closer inspection,one can tell they are
　　　　(人造的).
2.The use of reusable water bottles has become　　　　 (广泛的) among students in an effort to reduce plastic waste.
3.The surgeon used a　　　　 (针) to sew up the wound for him.
4.The physical education　　　　 (部门) offers a variety of sports activities to encourage a healthy lifestyle.
5.They were drilling through 　　　　(实心的)rock.
6.The device was protected by　　　　 (专利).
7.This bath is very thin,only three　　　　 (毫米) thick.
8.He failed to keep his appointment at the 　　　　 (诊所).
9.The discovery of this　　　　 (物质) plays an important role in the research of gene science.
10.The dove is a universal　　　　 (象征) of peace.
【答案】 1.artificial　2.widespread　3.needle
4.department　5.solid　6.patent
7.millimetres　8.clinic　9.substance
10.symbol
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Peer support groups on campus provide a safe space for students to discuss and manage
　　　　 (anxious).
2.The height of the bicycle seat is　　　　 (adjust).
3.All the 　　　　 (equip) should be cleaned down regularly.
4.It has now become　　　　 (evidence) to us that a mistake has been made.
5.On closer　　　　 (examine) these goods are of low quality.
6.The forest fire　　　　 (severe) impacted the local wildlife,destroying their habitats.
7.The newspaper has unearthed some 　　　　 (disturb) facts.
8.The old building 　　　　 (date) back to the 7th century is going to be rebuilt.
9.The Great Wall 　　　　 (symbol) the hard work and efforts of ancient Chinese people.
10.The risk of 　　　　 (infect) will ascend,if a person doesn’t get enough exercise.
【答案】 1.anxiety　2.adjustable　3.equipment
4.evident　5.examination　6.severely
7.disturbing　8.dating　9.symbolizes
10.infection
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.她竭尽全力确保她的学生理解课堂上的每一个概念。(go to great lengths to do sth)
2.在办公室里,电脑已经基本取代了手写。 (take the place of )
3.除了为了知识而读书,我们读书也是为了乐趣和灵感。(in addition to)
4.据我所知,这个老城区的历史可以追溯到17世纪晚期。 (date back to)
5.我在讲座期间做了笔记,这样我就不会忘记重要的内容。(so that引导目的状语从句)
【答案】 1.She goes to great lengths to ensure that her students understand every concept in class.
2.Computers have largely taken the place of handwriting in offices.
3.In addition to reading for knowledge,we also read for fun and inspiration.
4.As far as I know,the old town dates back to the late seventeenth century.
5.I took notes during the lecture so that I wouldn’t forget the important points.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Biological fieldwork can mean trips to exotic places.But the work itself can be depressing,especially when you are trying to track down complicated subjects.The most common method is to send a few eager graduate students armed with camera traps and several weeks of spare time.But perhaps not for much longer.A paper published in Current Biology,whose lead authors are Christina Lynggaard at the University of Copenhagen and Jan Gogarten at the Helmholtz Institute for One Health in Germany,suggests an easier method:simply swabbing(用拭子擦拭)nearby leaves for DNA.
The DNA in question is called“environmental DNA”(eDNA for short).It refers to all the genetic information that animals shed as they go about their daily business:breathing,urinating,moving around,or interacting with their environment in any way.
In recent years,gene-sequencing technology has become quick and sensitive enough to pick out genetic sequences from this universal eDNA—particular animals,including humans.One way of doing so is to blow air through filters,and then analyse them to see which creatures live in the surroundings.
Aware of that technique,Drs Gogarten and Lynggaard wondered if there might be a simpler approach.Air-sampling systems can take days to do their work.Maintenance must be done,and filters must be changed.But given that eDNA is literally blowing around ecosystems,the researchers wondered if it might be collected on leaves.The leaves of many plants are waxy(质地光滑的) and somewhat sticky.The researchers theorized that eDNA might end up sticking to leaves and that it could subsequently be collected by swabbing them.They tested their theory in the dense rainforests of Kibale National Park,in Uganda.
The swabs revealed the presence of 26 birds,24 mammals,one amphibian and one fish,with each swab containing DNA from eight animals on average.More than half the samples were good enough to work out the precise species they came from.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种确认动物踪迹的基因采集技术。
(　　)1.When can biological fieldwork be discouraging
[A] You’re tracking down complex issues.
[B] You’re exploring exotic destinations.
[C] You’re making trips to unfamiliar fields.
[D] You’re appointing graduates to send camera traps.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“But the work itself ...track down complicated subjects.”可知,生物研究工作在追踪复杂问题时,可能让研究者倍感沮丧。故选A。
(　　)2.What assumption did the researchers make about eDNA
[A] It can be tested in distant rainforests.
[B] It might be gathered by swabbing leaves.
[C] It might end up to be a little smooth and sticky.
[D] It can literally centre on ecosystem protection.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers theorized that ...be collected by swabbing them.”可知,研究者们在eDNA实验中得出实验结论,即eDNA最后会留在树叶上,人们可以通过拭子擦拭的方式提取这些eDNA。故选B。
(　　)3.How does the author present the research findings
[A] By making a comparison.
[B] By analysing the cause.
[C] By giving some examples.
[D] By providing some figures.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断,作者是通过列数据来呈现实验的研究结果的。故选D。
(　　)4.What is this passage mainly talking about
[A] A new system to swab leaves.
[B] A convenient way to track animals.
[C] A novel method to identify samples.
[D] A special technique to sequence genes.
【答案】 B
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知,全文主要介绍了一个使用棉签擦拭树叶收集生物遗留在树叶上的eDNA从而去追踪复杂问题的方法。而且文章最后一段第一句提到的都是动物物种。由此可知,本文介绍的是一个便捷的追踪动物的方法。故选B。Unit 3　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The measures are intended to 　　　　 (恢复) public confidence in the economy.
2.Eating at a slower　　　　 (节奏) can help with digestion and prevent overeating.
3.They are preparing for a　　　　 (辩论) on the importance of physical education.
4.The passage must be limited to no more than 500 words,so you should　　　　 (删去) some words.
5.Good sleep is　　　　 (基本的) to overall well-being.
6.Regular exercise is a　　　　 (特征) of a healthy lifestyle.
7.The　　　　 (外科医生) treated the patient’s waist with great care.
8.We need to find more effective　　　　(方法) to solve this problem.
9.You should visit your 　　　　 (牙科医生) at least twice a year.
10.When our own rights and interests are damaged,we must take up the　　　　 (武器) of law to protect ourselves.
【答案】 1.restore　2.pace　3.debate　4.delete　5.fundamental　6.characteristic
7.surgeon　8.means　9.dentist　10.weapon
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.It is not your talents or abilities,but your choices that 　　　　 (ultimate) decide your fate.
2.Inside these zones,traffic speeds are 　　　　 (restrict) to 20 km/h.
3.The children are anxiously waiting for the apples to 　　　　 (ripe).
4.As an exchange student,I have a great 　　　　 (affect) for China.
5.It is 　　　　 (normal) for a baby to have teeth at the age of two months.
6.The 　　　　 (find) of the commission will be published today.
7.Today,there are many charitable organizations which 　　　　 (special) in helping the weary travellers.
8.The need to communicate is a key 　　　　 (character) of human society.
9.Since the new 　　　　 (prohibit) of drunk driving was introduced,the number of accidents in the area has fallen sharply.
10.There has been a lot of　　　　 (resist) to this new law.
【答案】 1.ultimately　2.restricted　3.ripen
4.affection　5.abnormal　6.findings
7.specialize　8.characteristic　 9.prohibition
10.resistance
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.他现在正在努力解决这个问题。(wrestle with)
2.这项新政策与提高教育质量的目标密切相关。 (relate to)
3.图书馆内禁止吸烟。 (sb be prohibited from doing)
4.毫无疑问,保持一个积极的态度可以极大地影响一个人的幸福感和生活满意度。(without doubt)
5.由于雨下得很大,我们决定待在家里。(as引导原因状语从句)
【答案】 1.He is wrestling with this problem right now.
2.This new policy is closely related to the goal of improving the quality of education.
3.People are prohibited from smoking in the library.
4.Without doubt,maintaining a positive attitude can greatly influence a person’s happiness and life satisfaction.
5.As it was raining heavily,we decided to stay at home.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Just like happiness and sadness,anxiety is part of everyone’s lived experience—but it’s not always tolerated as such.“People often spend too much time and effort trying to rid anxiety,” says Dr Joel Minden,a clinical psychologist.“I encourage them to remember that anxiety is a normal emotional response.”
If you try to banish anxiety,all you’re doing is putting it more at the forefront of your mind.But if you accept anxiety as part of life,you can learn to relate to it with self-pity or even with humour.This is a cornerstone of acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT),which has been gaining clinical validation,including by the American Psychological Association.ACT guides people to see their unpleasant emotions as just feelings and to accept that parts of life are hard.Sufferers are encouraged to begin a dialogue with anxious thoughts,examining their causes while also keeping in mind their personal goals and values.
This way of relating to anxiety has been a powerful strategy for John Bateman,the 52-year-old host of the podcast Our Anxiety Stories.When negative thoughts arise,he acknowledges them but doesn’t let them drive his decisions.Over the years,Bateman has noticed that if he submits to his thoughts,they don’t go away but dramatically increase.But if he recognises them for what they are,just a passing thought and not a fact that needs to be acted on,they gradually go away.
Learning to live with anxiety is an individual process and one that requires trial and error to get just right.While acceptance is the first and most important step to take,some lifestyle changes have been proven to take the edge off as well.Since tiredness,increased tension and stress leave us much easier to fall into anxiety,a well-balanced diet,sufficient rest and,especially,regular exercise can help us manage it better.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了临床心理学家建议学会用自怜甚至幽默的方式来对待焦虑,此外,文章还介绍了一种心理疗法并给出了应对焦虑的建议。
(　　)1.What may Dr Joel Minden agree about anxiety
[A] It goes hand in hand with joy.
[B] It should be seriously taken.
[C] It is easily-earned experience.
[D] It is often improperly treated.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,Dr Joel Minden认为焦虑经常被不恰当地处理。故选D。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “banish” mean in Paragraph 2
[A] Ignore. [B] Hide.
[C] Recognise. [D] Control.
【答案】 D
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第二段第二句可知,此处提到了接受焦虑的情况,由此可知,画线词所在句是在说明试图控制焦虑的情况,故画线词意思是“控制”,与Control意思一致。故选D。
(　　)3.Why does the author mention John Bateman in Paragraph 3
[A] To explain a strategy.
[B] To describe a phenomenon.
[C] To present a successful case.
[D] To introduce a public figure.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知,作者在第三段提到John Bateman是为了提供一个成功的案例。故选C。
(　　)4.What is advised to deal with anxiety in the last part
[A] Concentrating on the process.
[B] Making lifestyle adjustments.
[C] Avoiding exposure to pressure.
[D] Learning to get things in place.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知,作者在最后一段中建议通过调整生活方式来应对焦虑。故选B。Unit 3　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.I 　　　　　　　　 (work) on this project for three days,but I haven’t finished yet.
2.I 　　　　　　　　 (try) to phone her,but I still can’t get through.
3.You know,I　　　　　　　　(look) for a job for three months,and this is my first interview.
4.We 　　　　　　　　 (wait) for him for two hours,and we are about to lose our patience.
5.The weather 　　　　　　　　 (change) rapidly these days.
6.The telephone　　　　　　　　(ring) for almost a minute.Why hasn’t anyone answered it
7.Over the past decades,sea ice　　　　　　　　 (decrease) in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
8.We 　　　　　　　　 (plan) our dream vacation for the past several months.
9.I　　　　　　　　(live) here for 10 years and I don’t intend to leave here.
10.My brother 　　　　　　　　 (practise) guitar for hours every day since he got his new instrument.
【答案】 1.have been working　2.have been trying
3.have been looking　4.have been waiting
5.has been changing　6.has been ringing　7.has been decreasing　8.have been planning　9.have been living　10.has been practising
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我已经等了一个小时了,他还没有出现。
2.我很累,我已经工作了一个上午了。
3.我的手很脏,因为我一直在修理汽车。
4.他已经做了十五年的志愿者,这真不是一件容易的事。
5.几个月来,他每个周末都在打篮球。
【答案】 1.I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up yet.
2.I’m very tired and I’ve been working all morning.
3.My hands are very dirty because I have been repairing the car.
4.He has been working as a volunteer for fifteen years,which really isn’t an easy thing.
5.He has been playing basketball every weekend for months.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
For years,doctors have given blood to patients who need it to survive.These transfusions usually include giving red blood cells to patients.
Blood transfusions aren’t as simple as taking blood from one person and giving it to someone else.There are several different blood types that don’t all mix well.If someone gets a transfusion of the wrong kind of blood,their body will reject the blood cells,causing problems.For the first time ever,scientists from the University of Bristol,Britain,are carrying out a new trial:testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers.The scientists have used stem cells from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells.
This could be even better than a regular blood transfusion.For one thing,they can be adjusted for people with different blood types.That’ll be extremely helpful for people with rare blood types.Also,a normal transfusion has red blood cells of all different ages,which means only a small part of them are brand new.The red blood cells grown in the lab are brand new,and this means they last longer and that patients will need fewer transfusions.
To test its safety,researchers have given a couple of teaspoons of the blood to two healthy people,both of whom seem to be doing just fine after the transfusions.In all,they’ll be tested on 10 people,and compared to normal transfusions.The new process doesn’t indicate that normal blood transfusions will disappear.Meanwhile,growing red blood cells in a lab is extremely expensive.And a lot of work and testing still need to be done.But if it’s successful,the process could make life much easier for patients who often need transfusions—even those with rare blood types.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的给患者输血的方式,即给患者提供红细胞,这种输血方式一旦成功,将会使得有输血需要的患者,即使是那些有稀有血型的患者的生活变得更轻松。
(　　)1.Why are the scientists carrying out the research
[A] The blood reserve is inadequate.
[B] Normal blood transfusions are behind the times.
[C] More and more people need blood transfusions.
[D] They want to find a new form of blood transfusions.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,输血并不像想象的那么简单,且不同血型不能很好地混合,输错了血可能造成问题。由此推知,科学家进行实验的目的是找到一种新的输血方式——红细胞输血,以避免这些问题。故选D。
(　　)2.What’s the advantage of the brand new red blood cells grown in the lab
[A] They fit the patients of all ages.
[B] They have red blood cells from various races.
[C] They are effective to the patients for a longer duration.
[D] They are extremely economical and efficient.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,在实验室中的红细胞的优势是它们是全新的,因此对患者有效的时间更长。故选C。
(　　)3.Which of the following statements is true
[A] The research still has a long way to go.
[B] The present blood transfusions will disappear soon.
[C] Ten people have received the lab-grown brand new blood.
[D] The brand new blood isn’t suitable for those with rare blood types.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“And a lot of work and testing still need to be done.”可知,该研究还有一段很长的路要走。故选A。
(　　)4.What is the text mainly about
[A] The test of lab-grown blood.
[B] Contrast of two blood transfusions.
[C] A call for rare blood donation.
[D] The features of blood transfusions.
【答案】 A
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据首段内容以及第二段最后两句可知,本文主要讲述的是科学家在实验室研发的一种红细胞输血方式。由此可知,A项能够概括本文。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Have you ever seen cupping marks on anyone The 1.　　　　(shock) red marks opened people’s eyes to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and cupping therapy.
Cupping,also termed as “horn method” in ancient China,2.　　　　(become) popular in China for thousands of years.It is one of the physiotherapy(理疗) 3.　　　　 (method) of traditional Chinese medicine.When people apply cupping therapy,special cups are heated,4.　　　　 helps to create a vacuum(真空状态),and applied on specific treatment sites.
Cupping therapy has developed alongside TCM theory as part of its strong foundation.TCM believes that the human body 5.　　　　(associate) with the dynamic balance of opposites in the form of yin and yang.Pain results 6.　　　　 an imbalance in this unity.Cupping allows for the decongestion(减轻充血)of skin and tissues.Cupping therapy can 7.　　　　(effective) stimulate channels and collaterals(经络),awaken blood circulation,8.　　　　relieve muscle fatigue(疲劳),balancing yin and yang.
Due to the continued 9.　　　　(develop) of TCM,more and more westerners have come to accept the healthy treatment concept.At the same time,TCM doctors continue to promote the treatment methods of TCM,including through acupuncture,cupping,massages,Qigong and tai chi,all in 10.　　　　attempt to prevent disease and improve fitness.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了拔火罐疗法在中医中的应用和其疗效。
1.【答案】 shocking
【解析】 考查形容词。空处应用形容词形式作定语,修饰名词 marks。故填 shocking。
2.【答案】 has become
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,become是句中谓语动词,与主语cupping之间是主动关系,结合时间状语 for thousands of years 可知,应用现在完成时,又因主语cupping是专有名词,助动词应用has。故填has become。
3.【答案】 methods
【解析】 考查名词复数。“one of+名词复数”意为“……之一”。故填methods。
4.【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,在定语从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which。故填which。
5.【答案】 is associated
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,associate是宾语从句中的谓语动词,与主语 the human body之间是被动关系,结合句意和主句时态可知,描述客观事实,应用一般现在时,又因主语the human body是单数名词,be动词应用is。故填is associated。
6.【答案】 from
【解析】 考查介词。result from...意为“由……引起,是……造成的”。故填from。
7.【答案】 effectively
【解析】 考查副词。空处修饰动词 stimulate,用副词effectively作状语,意为“有效地”。故填effectively。
8.【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。分析句子可知,stimulate、awaken和 relieve三个动词是并列的谓语动词,应用连词and连接。故填and。
9.【答案】 development
【解析】 考查名词。根据空前的the continued和空后的of可知,此处应用名词形式。故填 development。
10.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。in an attempt to do...意为“为了……,试图……”。故填an。Unit 3　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The flowers in the vase look so beautiful,but on closer inspection,one can tell they are
　　　　(人造的).
2.The use of reusable water bottles has become　　　　 (广泛的) among students in an effort to reduce plastic waste.
3.The surgeon used a　　　　 (针) to sew up the wound for him.
4.The physical education　　　　 (部门) offers a variety of sports activities to encourage a healthy lifestyle.
5.They were drilling through 　　　　(实心的)rock.
6.The device was protected by　　　　 (专利).
7.This bath is very thin,only three　　　　 (毫米) thick.
8.He failed to keep his appointment at the 　　　　 (诊所).
9.The discovery of this　　　　 (物质) plays an important role in the research of gene science.
10.The dove is a universal　　　　 (象征) of peace.
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Peer support groups on campus provide a safe space for students to discuss and manage
　　　　 (anxious).
2.The height of the bicycle seat is　　　　 (adjust).
3.All the 　　　　 (equip) should be cleaned down regularly.
4.It has now become　　　　 (evidence) to us that a mistake has been made.
5.On closer　　　　 (examine) these goods are of low quality.
6.The forest fire　　　　 (severe) impacted the local wildlife,destroying their habitats.
7.The newspaper has unearthed some 　　　　 (disturb) facts.
8.The old building 　　　　 (date) back to the 7th century is going to be rebuilt.
9.The Great Wall 　　　　 (symbol) the hard work and efforts of ancient Chinese people.
10.The risk of 　　　　 (infect) will ascend,if a person doesn’t get enough exercise.
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.她竭尽全力确保她的学生理解课堂上的每一个概念。(go to great lengths to do sth)
2.在办公室里,电脑已经基本取代了手写。 (take the place of )
3.除了为了知识而读书,我们读书也是为了乐趣和灵感。(in addition to)
4.据我所知,这个老城区的历史可以追溯到17世纪晚期。 (date back to)
5.我在讲座期间做了笔记,这样我就不会忘记重要的内容。(so that引导目的状语从句)
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Biological fieldwork can mean trips to exotic places.But the work itself can be depressing,especially when you are trying to track down complicated subjects.The most common method is to send a few eager graduate students armed with camera traps and several weeks of spare time.But perhaps not for much longer.A paper published in Current Biology,whose lead authors are Christina Lynggaard at the University of Copenhagen and Jan Gogarten at the Helmholtz Institute for One Health in Germany,suggests an easier method:simply swabbing(用拭子擦拭)nearby leaves for DNA.
The DNA in question is called“environmental DNA”(eDNA for short).It refers to all the genetic information that animals shed as they go about their daily business:breathing,urinating,moving around,or interacting with their environment in any way.
In recent years,gene-sequencing technology has become quick and sensitive enough to pick out genetic sequences from this universal eDNA—particular animals,including humans.One way of doing so is to blow air through filters,and then analyse them to see which creatures live in the surroundings.
Aware of that technique,Drs Gogarten and Lynggaard wondered if there might be a simpler approach.Air-sampling systems can take days to do their work.Maintenance must be done,and filters must be changed.But given that eDNA is literally blowing around ecosystems,the researchers wondered if it might be collected on leaves.The leaves of many plants are waxy(质地光滑的) and somewhat sticky.The researchers theorized that eDNA might end up sticking to leaves and that it could subsequently be collected by swabbing them.They tested their theory in the dense rainforests of Kibale National Park,in Uganda.
The swabs revealed the presence of 26 birds,24 mammals,one amphibian and one fish,with each swab containing DNA from eight animals on average.More than half the samples were good enough to work out the precise species they came from.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种确认动物踪迹的基因采集技术。
(　　)1.When can biological fieldwork be discouraging
[A] You’re tracking down complex issues.
[B] You’re exploring exotic destinations.
[C] You’re making trips to unfamiliar fields.
[D] You’re appointing graduates to send camera traps.
(　　)2.What assumption did the researchers make about eDNA
[A] It can be tested in distant rainforests.
[B] It might be gathered by swabbing leaves.
[C] It might end up to be a little smooth and sticky.
[D] It can literally centre on ecosystem protection.
(　　)3.How does the author present the research findings
[A] By making a comparison.
[B] By analysing the cause.
[C] By giving some examples.
[D] By providing some figures.
(　　)4.What is this passage mainly talking about
[A] A new system to swab leaves.
[B] A convenient way to track animals.
[C] A novel method to identify samples.
[D] A special technique to sequence genes.Unit 3　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The measures are intended to 　　　　 (恢复) public confidence in the economy.
2.Eating at a slower　　　　 (节奏) can help with digestion and prevent overeating.
3.They are preparing for a　　　　 (辩论) on the importance of physical education.
4.The passage must be limited to no more than 500 words,so you should　　　　 (删去) some words.
5.Good sleep is　　　　 (基本的) to overall well-being.
6.Regular exercise is a　　　　 (特征) of a healthy lifestyle.
7.The　　　　 (外科医生) treated the patient’s waist with great care.
8.We need to find more effective　　　　(方法) to solve this problem.
9.You should visit your 　　　　 (牙科医生) at least twice a year.
10.When our own rights and interests are damaged,we must take up the　　　　 (武器) of law to protect ourselves.
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.It is not your talents or abilities,but your choices that 　　　　 (ultimate) decide your fate.
2.Inside these zones,traffic speeds are 　　　　 (restrict) to 20 km/h.
3.The children are anxiously waiting for the apples to 　　　　 (ripe).
4.As an exchange student,I have a great 　　　　 (affect) for China.
5.It is 　　　　 (normal) for a baby to have teeth at the age of two months.
6.The 　　　　 (find) of the commission will be published today.
7.Today,there are many charitable organizations which 　　　　 (special) in helping the weary travellers.
8.The need to communicate is a key 　　　　 (character) of human society.
9.Since the new 　　　　 (prohibit) of drunk driving was introduced,the number of accidents in the area has fallen sharply.
10.There has been a lot of　　　　 (resist) to this new law.
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.他现在正在努力解决这个问题。(wrestle with)
2.这项新政策与提高教育质量的目标密切相关。 (relate to)
3.图书馆内禁止吸烟。 (sb be prohibited from doing)
4.毫无疑问,保持一个积极的态度可以极大地影响一个人的幸福感和生活满意度。(without doubt)
5.由于雨下得很大,我们决定待在家里。(as引导原因状语从句)
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Just like happiness and sadness,anxiety is part of everyone’s lived experience—but it’s not always tolerated as such.“People often spend too much time and effort trying to rid anxiety,” says Dr Joel Minden,a clinical psychologist.“I encourage them to remember that anxiety is a normal emotional response.”
If you try to banish anxiety,all you’re doing is putting it more at the forefront of your mind.But if you accept anxiety as part of life,you can learn to relate to it with self-pity or even with humour.This is a cornerstone of acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT),which has been gaining clinical validation,including by the American Psychological Association.ACT guides people to see their unpleasant emotions as just feelings and to accept that parts of life are hard.Sufferers are encouraged to begin a dialogue with anxious thoughts,examining their causes while also keeping in mind their personal goals and values.
This way of relating to anxiety has been a powerful strategy for John Bateman,the 52-year-old host of the podcast Our Anxiety Stories.When negative thoughts arise,he acknowledges them but doesn’t let them drive his decisions.Over the years,Bateman has noticed that if he submits to his thoughts,they don’t go away but dramatically increase.But if he recognises them for what they are,just a passing thought and not a fact that needs to be acted on,they gradually go away.
Learning to live with anxiety is an individual process and one that requires trial and error to get just right.While acceptance is the first and most important step to take,some lifestyle changes have been proven to take the edge off as well.Since tiredness,increased tension and stress leave us much easier to fall into anxiety,a well-balanced diet,sufficient rest and,especially,regular exercise can help us manage it better.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了临床心理学家建议学会用自怜甚至幽默的方式来对待焦虑,此外,文章还介绍了一种心理疗法并给出了应对焦虑的建议。
(　　)1.What may Dr Joel Minden agree about anxiety
[A] It goes hand in hand with joy.
[B] It should be seriously taken.
[C] It is easily-earned experience.
[D] It is often improperly treated.
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “banish” mean in Paragraph 2
[A] Ignore. [B] Hide.
[C] Recognise. [D] Control.
(　　)3.Why does the author mention John Bateman in Paragraph 3
[A] To explain a strategy.
[B] To describe a phenomenon.
[C] To present a successful case.
[D] To introduce a public figure.
(　　)4.What is advised to deal with anxiety in the last part
[A] Concentrating on the process.
[B] Making lifestyle adjustments.
[C] Avoiding exposure to pressure.
[D] Learning to get things in place.Unit 3　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.I 　　　　　　　　 (work) on this project for three days,but I haven’t finished yet.
2.I 　　　　　　　　 (try) to phone her,but I still can’t get through.
3.You know,I　　　　　　　　(look) for a job for three months,and this is my first interview.
4.We 　　　　　　　　 (wait) for him for two hours,and we are about to lose our patience.
5.The weather 　　　　　　　　 (change) rapidly these days.
6.The telephone　　　　　　　　(ring) for almost a minute.Why hasn’t anyone answered it
7.Over the past decades,sea ice　　　　　　　　 (decrease) in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
8.We 　　　　　　　　 (plan) our dream vacation for the past several months.
9.I　　　　　　　　(live) here for 10 years and I don’t intend to leave here.
10.My brother 　　　　　　　　 (practise) guitar for hours every day since he got his new instrument.
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我已经等了一个小时了,他还没有出现。
2.我很累,我已经工作了一个上午了。
3.我的手很脏,因为我一直在修理汽车。
4.他已经做了十五年的志愿者,这真不是一件容易的事。
5.几个月来,他每个周末都在打篮球。
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
For years,doctors have given blood to patients who need it to survive.These transfusions usually include giving red blood cells to patients.
Blood transfusions aren’t as simple as taking blood from one person and giving it to someone else.There are several different blood types that don’t all mix well.If someone gets a transfusion of the wrong kind of blood,their body will reject the blood cells,causing problems.For the first time ever,scientists from the University of Bristol,Britain,are carrying out a new trial:testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers.The scientists have used stem cells from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells.
This could be even better than a regular blood transfusion.For one thing,they can be adjusted for people with different blood types.That’ll be extremely helpful for people with rare blood types.Also,a normal transfusion has red blood cells of all different ages,which means only a small part of them are brand new.The red blood cells grown in the lab are brand new,and this means they last longer and that patients will need fewer transfusions.
To test its safety,researchers have given a couple of teaspoons of the blood to two healthy people,both of whom seem to be doing just fine after the transfusions.In all,they’ll be tested on 10 people,and compared to normal transfusions.The new process doesn’t indicate that normal blood transfusions will disappear.Meanwhile,growing red blood cells in a lab is extremely expensive.And a lot of work and testing still need to be done.But if it’s successful,the process could make life much easier for patients who often need transfusions—even those with rare blood types.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的给患者输血的方式,即给患者提供红细胞,这种输血方式一旦成功,将会使得有输血需要的患者,即使是那些有稀有血型的患者的生活变得更轻松。
(　　)1.Why are the scientists carrying out the research
[A] The blood reserve is inadequate.
[B] Normal blood transfusions are behind the times.
[C] More and more people need blood transfusions.
[D] They want to find a new form of blood transfusions.
(　　)2.What’s the advantage of the brand new red blood cells grown in the lab
[A] They fit the patients of all ages.
[B] They have red blood cells from various races.
[C] They are effective to the patients for a longer duration.
[D] They are extremely economical and efficient.
(　　)3.Which of the following statements is true
[A] The research still has a long way to go.
[B] The present blood transfusions will disappear soon.
[C] Ten people have received the lab-grown brand new blood.
[D] The brand new blood isn’t suitable for those with rare blood types.
(　　)4.What is the text mainly about
[A] The test of lab-grown blood.
[B] Contrast of two blood transfusions.
[C] A call for rare blood donation.
[D] The features of blood transfusions.
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Have you ever seen cupping marks on anyone The 1.　　　　(shock) red marks opened people’s eyes to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and cupping therapy.
Cupping,also termed as “horn method” in ancient China,2.　　　　(become) popular in China for thousands of years.It is one of the physiotherapy(理疗) 3.　　　　 (method) of traditional Chinese medicine.When people apply cupping therapy,special cups are heated,4.　　　　 helps to create a vacuum(真空状态),and applied on specific treatment sites.
Cupping therapy has developed alongside TCM theory as part of its strong foundation.TCM believes that the human body 5.　　　　(associate) with the dynamic balance of opposites in the form of yin and yang.Pain results 6.　　　　 an imbalance in this unity.Cupping allows for the decongestion(减轻充血)of skin and tissues.Cupping therapy can 7.　　　　(effective) stimulate channels and collaterals(经络),awaken blood circulation,8.　　　　relieve muscle fatigue(疲劳),balancing yin and yang.
Due to the continued 9.　　　　(develop) of TCM,more and more westerners have come to accept the healthy treatment concept.At the same time,TCM doctors continue to promote the treatment methods of TCM,including through acupuncture,cupping,massages,Qigong and tai chi,all in 10.　　　　attempt to prevent disease and improve fitness. Unit 3　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:53.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共11题;每题1分,共11分)
1.affect
A.vt.影响　B.vt.打动　C.vt.假装　D. vt.侵袭,感染
①The heartfelt speech affected the audience deeply.　　　
②Your opinion will not affect my decision.　　　
③He affected a calmness he did not feel.　　　
④The disease can affect anyone who comes into contact with the infected person.　　　
2.contract
A.vt.感染(疾病)　B.vt.与……订立合同(或契约)　C.n.合同,合约
①Under the terms of the contract the job should have been finished yesterday.　　　
②More than 200 people have died after contracting the disease over the past 2 years.　　　
③The player is contracted to play until August.　　　
3.while
A.conj.当……的时候　B.n.一会儿 C.conj.虽然;尽管　D.conj.然而
①While I am willing to help,I do not have much time available.　　　
②He is very interested in rock music,while his brother is fond of folk music.　　　
③While I was waiting at the bus stop,three buses went by in the opposite direction.　　　
④I’ll be back in a little while.　　 　
【答案】 1.①B　②A　③C　④D
2.①C　②A　③B
3.①C　②D　③A　④B
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Humans have been searching for the fountain of youth.A scientist named Dr David proved that reversing the age of a cell is possible.1.　　　 It will allow us to live healthy lives for an extended period of time.Here are some ways you can improve your health today.
Relieve your joints.There is something called hyaluronic acid (透明质酸) in your joints.You might have heard of it being put into skin creams before.It holds a lot of moisture and is used to relieve a dry eye as well as improve the skin,remove wrinkles and make joints healthy.2.　　　
Maximise your exercise.While it’s clear that living healthily may only bring minor life extension,exercise helps with a wide range of longevity pathways.It seems that resistance exercise is the best for health and longevity.But remember,you don’t have to lift heavy weights if you don’t want to.3.　　　 We recommend using resistance bands as they are personalised based on your current performance.
Sleep better.A sleep is an essential time for our bodily repair.4.　　　 Watching TV late at night,sleeping in a room where there is too much light,and not having a night-time routine can all affect sleep.
Improve your memory.5.　　　 Fasting for more than 48 hours has been shown to activate something called autophagy,which is where the body gets rid of cells it no longer needs to make room for new ones.If you prefer not to fast,you can take an ingredient called spermidine (亚精胺) instead.It is an element found naturally in wheatgerm,and is proven to improve brain performance.
A.A can of beans is sometimes enough!
B.It even shows promise for fighting cancer.
C.The only danger lies in not sleeping enough.
D.Protecting your brain is obviously very important.
E.When it is disturbed,particularly for extended periods,our bodies suffer.
F.Within a couple of decades this technology should be available to humans.
G.In 20 years we may have some science fiction style time machines for our bodies.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章就如何提升健康状况给出了几条建议。
1.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据空后句可知,It指代的是未来可以拥有延长寿命的技术,F项中的“this technology”呼应空前句中的“reversing the age of a cell”,故选F。
2.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空前句讲到了hyaluronic acid的好处可知,空处应是进一步说明它的好处,B项符合语境,故选B。
3.【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空前句可知,空处应该会给出关于合适的重量的建议,故选A。
4.【答案】 E
【解析】 空前句讲到了睡眠的重要性,空后句通过举例讲到了影响睡眠的行为,因此,空处应会说到睡眠受到影响可能会带来的危害,E项符合语境,故选E。
5.【答案】 D
【解析】 结合段落主旨句“Improve your memory.”可知,D项中的“Protecting your brain”与话题相关,故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空 (共15题;每题1分,共15分)
340-pound Andy Duran decided to return to his favourite high school hobby—skateboarding.
However,Duran’s　1　 began before he even stepped on a skateboard.He couldn’t find any resources for 　2　 skateboarders—what types of skateboards to 　3　 and where to buy plus-size shirts.
What Duran did find instead was an unfounded　4　.“People say that if you’re over 190 pounds you shouldn’t be on a skateboard,” he says.
Determined to do something to　5　 the description of plus-size people in sports,Duran set up Chub Rollz—a skateboarding community for overweight skateboarders.To encourage plus-size people to 　6　 the fun sport,Duran created a list of recommended 　7　 for them.He also hosted skateboarding classes to teach beginners.
The comments on Chub Rollz have been　8　.Following an article about his action on the Internet,Duran received a lot of messages from 　9　 showing thanks for giving them courage to stand on skateboards.
Duran believes a lot more needs to be done to　10　 body image stereotypes (成见).“Maybe skateboard shops should create a 　11　 environment for us and all types of boards should be made—everyone is making lighter products,but sometimes we need other 　12　,” he explains.For those 　13　 about taking up their favourite sports due to their 　14　,Duran has this to say,“Be 　15　 to yourself,as you’re often your worst critic (批评家).That you don’t see it doesn’t mean you can’t do it.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述Andy Duran为了改变人们对超重人士在体育运动中的刻板印象和成见,为超重滑板者建立滑板社区,鼓励他们积极参与运动。
(　　)1.[A] chances [B] protests
[C] challenges [D] arrangements
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“He couldn’t find...buy plus-size shirts.”可知,Duran在重新开始滑滑板前遇到许多挑战(challenges)。故选C。
(　　)2.[A] new [B] fat
[C] gifted [D] young
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文可知,Duran的体重是340磅,比较胖(fat)。故选B。
(　　)3.[A] register [B] design
[C] sell [D] try
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据语境可知,Duran找不到任何为超重滑板者提供的资源,故推知他不知道超重人士可以尝试(try)用什么类型的滑板。故选D。
(　　)4.[A] proof [B] guideline
[C] report [D] belief
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文可知,此处描述的是人们对超重人士参与滑板运动毫无根据的看法(belief)。故选D。
(　　)5.[A] check [B] change
[C] stress [D] match
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上下文语境可推知,Duran要改变(change)人们对参与滑板运动的超重人士的看法。故选B。
(　　)6.[A] play [B] promote
[C] like [D] rate
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“He also hosted skateboarding classes to teach beginners.”可知,Duran开展滑板课程是为了鼓励更多的超重人士参与(play)滑板运动,故选A。
(　　)7.[A] products [B] books
[C] hobbies [D] sizes
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文可推知,Duran为超重人士推荐适合他们使用的产品(products)。故选A。
(　　)8.[A] unusual [B] positive
[C] informal [D] immediate
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“Duran received a lot of...stand on skateboards.”可知,Duran收到的都是向他表示感谢的消息,所以对Chub Rollz的评论一直是积极的(positive)。故选B。
(　　)9.[A] volunteers [B] students
[C] strangers [D] neighbours
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据语境可知,Duran收到的是陌生人(strangers)的评论和感谢。故选C。
(　　)10.[A] understand [B] control
[C] compare [D] remove
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文可知,Duran希望消除(remove)人们对超重人士参与运动的成见。故选D。
(　　)11.[A] safe [B] competitive
[C] welcoming [D] healthy
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据语境可知,Duran希望滑板店为超重人士创造一个友好的(welcoming)购买环境。故选C。
(　　)12.[A] choices [B] plans
[C] measures [D] experiences
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据语境可知,Duran希望滑板店为超重人士创造一个友好的购买环境,制作并提供各种类型的滑板,以便人们有时会有其他选择(choices)。故选A。
(　　)13.[A] careful [B] curious
[C] certain [D] doubtful
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“...as you’re often your worst critic.That you don’t see it doesn’t mean you can’t do it.”可知,超重人士会因体重而批评自己,怀疑(doubtful)自己。故选D。
(　　)14.[A] skill [B] weight
[C] popularity [D] age
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文可推知,超重人士会因为体重(weight)陷入自我怀疑。故选B。
(　　)15.[A] useful [B] open
[C] kind [D] faithful
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文可推知,Duran希望因体重而怀疑自己的人可以忽略成见,善待(kind)自己。故选C。
Ⅳ.应用文写作 (15分)
假设你是李华,你的外国朋友Chris给你写信表达他对青少年心理健康的关注,请你用英语给他回信,内容包括:
1.你的看法;
2.你的理由及建议。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris,
Yours,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Dear Chris,
I hope this letter finds you well.In terms of the concern you raised regarding teenagers’ mental health,I’m eager to share my understanding with you and suggest some improvements.
As society advances,mental health is crucial to our overall well-being,affecting how we handle stress and relate to others.To enhance it,I suggest organizing workshops that educate students about stress management and emotional strength,which will equip them to cope with challenges in their lives.Establishing a mental health support system will be invaluable.Not only does it encourage students to seek help,but it also helps foster a sense of belonging.
Hope my advice will be of some help to you.
Yours,
Li Hua

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