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Unit 4　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:50.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.commit
A.vt.承诺,保证　B.vt.花(钱或时间) C.vi.全心全意投入　D.vt.犯(罪)
①He was arrested for committing a burglary.　　　　
②Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully.　　　　
③The company committed a significant amount of funds to research and development.　　　　
④I will commit myself to studying harder in order to get better grades.　　　
2.pose
A.vt.造成,产生　B.vt.提问,质询　C.vi.摆好姿势　D.n.姿势
①The delegates posed for a group photograph.　　　　
②The task poses no special problems.　　　　
③Please allow me to pose several questions before the meeting for later discussion.　　　　
④Peter adopted a relax pose for the camera.　　　
【答案】 1.①D　②A　③B　④C
2.①C　②A　③B　④D
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
　　In the past few years,online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.1.　　　 But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you 2.　　　
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.3.　　　 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman.Before choosing to study online,consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the materials seem interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple:build online courses into your weekly schedule,just like what you would do with in person courses.4.　　　 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades.It is so easy to let an online course slide,but your grades will suffer as a result.Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures,read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
5.　　　 A social connection is often a big part of learning.There are things you can do to ease this problem.Jessica Pink,an undergraduate student,suggests taking online courses with a friend,so you can motivate each other to stay on track.You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group,or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A.But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B.Your motivation should be your main concern.
C.Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F.If you take an online course,what can you do to ensure the best possible grades
G.A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 由设空处前一句可知,在线学习对大学生活很重要,本空要说与这种现象的具体表现有关的话题,G项能承接上文,符合题意。故选G。
2.【答案】 F
【解析】 由上文“But are all online courses...is right for you ”可知,上文对在线课程提出疑问,本空可以继续提出疑问,F项能承接上文,符合题意。故选F。
3.【答案】 A
【解析】 由设空处前一句可知,在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习,本空要说与学习时间有关的话题,A项与上文构成转折关系,that指代上一句话,符合题意。故选A。
4.【答案】 D
【解析】 由设空处后一句可知,本空要说与在线教授课程老师有关的话题,D项能引起下文,下文中的He指代D项中的“Alex Davidson”教授,符合题意。故选D。
5.【答案】 E
【解析】 由下文“A social connection is often...to discuss course concepts.”可知,本空要说与人们之间的互动有关的话题,E项能引起下文,符合题意。故选E。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
　　I am an imaginative girl.I have always been 　1　 about the future just like the great novelist,Liu Cixin.
What will life be like in the future What will happen to humans and other living things When I was a little girl,I often thought about these questions and drew　2　 of my imaginary future life in my album.
How will people in the future 　3　 Perhaps there will be cities underground,in the air or in the sea,where there will be new kinds of 　4　 like underground express trains,airships and undersea trains.With　5　 technology,we may even be able to fly on a broom,just like Harry Potter.
Living conditions will also certainly　6　.Just imagine such a house in 　7　 it feels like spring all year because of an intelligent thermostat.All complicated and boring chores will be 　8　 by a robot.
As for travel,it may be possible to travel through time and space freely.What if there were time machines to travel to any time in history If I could　9　 a time machine,I would go to the age of dinosaurs and take them to the 　10　.By that time,more and more people would
　11　 dinosaurs as pets—you might even see people walk dinosaurs in the streets.
Maybe one day,riding flying dinosaurs to fly to schools in cities in the sky will be common.All kinds of creatures will work and play with us.What a harmonious world it will be!
However,as science and technology　12　,pollution may become more serious,and then people will need to 　13　 new planets to live on.At the same time,human beings may 　14　 become too dependent on science and technology,but I’m 　15　 that we can solve these problems step by step.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。作者主要就人们未来的生活展开了想象,从居住环境、交通方式、旅行和宠物等方面对未来的生活进行了描述,同时也预测了未来可能出现的一些问题。
(　　)1.[A] careful [B] worried
[C] positive [D] curious
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据后文“about the future”以及“What will life be like in the future ”可知,作者一直对未来充满好奇。be curious about意为“对……好奇”。故选D。
(　　)2.[A] books [B] pictures
[C] photos [D] diaries
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空前的“drew”可知,作者小时候经常在自己的画册里画出想象的未来生活的图片(pictures)。故选B。
(　　)3.[A] shop [B] live
[C] work [D] play
【答案】 B
【解析】 后文“Perhaps there will be cities underground,in the air or in the sea”对未来人们生活的地方进行了想象。由此可知,本句是在提问未来的人们将如何生活(live)。故选B。
(　　)4.[A] shelters [B] behaviour
[C] transportation [D] adventures
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据后文“like underground express trains,airships and undersea trains”可知,此处是在想象交通工具(transportation)。故选C。
(　　)5.[A] fast [B] official
[C] advanced [D] global
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据后文“we may even be able to fly on a broom”可知,有了先进的(advanced)技术,人们甚至可以骑着扫帚飞行。故选C。
(　　)6.[A] remain [B] exchange
[C] suffer [D] change
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据后文“it feels like spring all year because of an intelligent thermostat”可知,此处设想了未来的生活条件所发生的变化(change)。故选D。
(　　)7.[A] where [B] that
[C] which [D] who
【答案】 C
【解析】 此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词house,作介词in的宾语,指物,应用which。故选C。
(　　)8.[A] done [B] stared
[C] controlled [D] made
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据设空处所在句“All complicated and boring chores will be　8　by a robot.”可知,此处是指家务都将由机器人来做(done)。故选A。
(　　)9.[A] stop [B] use
[C] help [D] deliver
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据后文“a time machine,I would go to the age of dinosaurs”可知,作者假设自己如果能够使用(use)时光机,会回到恐龙时代。故选B。
(　　)10.[A] future [B] present
[C] home [D] past
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据后文“dinosaurs as pets—you might even see people walk dinosaurs in the streets”可知,作者回到恐龙时代是为了把恐龙带到未来(future),给人们当宠物。故选A。
(　　)11.[A] choose [B] arrange
[C] provide [D] trust
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据后文“dinosaurs as pets”可知,此处指选择(choose)恐龙当宠物。故选A。
(　　)12.[A] increase [B] support
[C] cheat [D] develop
【答案】 D
【解析】 结合前后文语境“as science and technology 　12　,pollution may become more serious”可知,污染变得更加严重是因为科学技术的发展(develop)。 故选D。
(　　)13.[A] give up [B] look for
[C] refer to [D] work out
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据后文“new planets to live on”可知,人们因为严重污染,会寻找(look for)新的行星居住。故选B。
(　　)14.[A] suddenly [B] actually
[C] immediately [D] gradually
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据常识可知,在将来人类会逐渐(gradually)变得过于依赖科学技术。故选D。
(　　)15.[A] confident [B] anxious
[C] confused [D] sorry
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据后文“that we can solve these problems step by step”可知,作者相信(confident)人们会一步步解决上述这些问题。故选A。
Ⅳ.应用文写作 (15分)
　　假设你是学生会负责人李华,下周爱尔兰某高中师生将到你校参加科技周活动,请你写一则欢迎辞。内容包括:
1.表示欢迎;
2.活动介绍。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Dear teachers and students,
It’s a moment of great privilege to extend our sincerest welcome to each of you from afar on behalf of our school.We feel truly honored to have you engage in our Science Week.
This event features a diverse variety of activities,ranging from innovative technology showcase and hands-on workshops to engaging interactive sessions,which aim to spark our enthusiasm for science and technology.Not only will it bring us a technological feast,but also it will help strengthen the bonds between our two schools.
Once again,we sincerely welcome your presence and wish for the utmost success of this Science Week!
Yours,
Li HuaUnit 4　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.I 　　　　　　　　　　 (take) an exam at 2:30 tomorrow afternoon,so I can’t go skating with you.
2.It’s no use trying to see him at six this evening,because he 　　　　　　　　　　 (give) a lesson then.
3.Just think!This time next week we 　　　　　　　　　　 (sit) in the sun in the south of France.
4.I’m afraid I won’t be available.I 　　　　　　　　　　 (talk) with my tutor at 2 o’clock this afternoon.
5.You’d better not ring me up between 9 and 10 tomorrow morning.I 　　　　　　　　　　 (have) an important meeting then.
6.We 　　　　　　　　　　 (meet) at the school gate at 6 o’clock this afternoon.
7.She 　　　　　　　　　　 (study) for her final exams all day next week.
8.He 　　　　　　　　　　 (wear) a dark green suit and a yellow tie during the show tomorrow morning.
9.My mother 　　　　　　　　　　 (cook) a big dinner for us when we get home.
10.At this time next year,I hope I 　　　　　　　　　　 (ride) my bicycle on the way to Beijing with you!
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我猜我到家时你将正在写论文。
2.明天上午学生们将正在听一场历史讲座。
3.明天下午三点,我们将在开派对。
4.对不起,我明天下午五点不能见你,因为那时我要踢足球。
5.明天上午十点,我将飞往纽约。
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Smartphones have changed people’s lives in so many ways.They help people communicate,navigate,remember to pick up the laundry,and more.Now,smartphones may also help keep people safe while they travel.
A study,published in the journal Nature Communications Engineering,led by researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Senseable City Laboratory,has shown that smartphone sensors are nearly as good at collecting information about bridge safety as sensors.The researchers conducted the study on the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco and a smaller bridge in Ciampino.
The researchers drove over the Golden Gate Bridge,their sensor apps running,one hundred and two times.They also gave the apps to seventy-two drivers who regularly cross the bridge over the course of their days.Once they had the data from the phones,they compared that data to the information from two hundred and forty sensors that had been placed on the bridge.Surprisingly,they found that the data from their phones pretty much matched the data from the sensors.
In Italy,the researchers collected the data from two hundred and eighty trips across the bridge,and compared it to the data from six sensors that had been placed on the bridge.Though the results differed a bit,the results were still quite similar.
“We still have work to do,but we believe that our approach could be scaled up easily—all the way to the level of an entire country,” told a researcher.“It might not reach the accuracy that one can get using fixed sensors installed on a bridge,but it could become a very interesting early-warning system.Small differences could then suggest when to carry out further analyses.”
Millions of smartphone-carrying people drive over bridges every day.If the new method is put into use,it will go a long way towards making bridges much safer.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了智能手机传感器在收集桥梁安全信息方面的表现几乎与安装在桥梁上的传感器一样,都可以很好地检测桥梁的状况。
(　　)1.What is the study related to smartphone sensors about
[A] Smartphones can change people’s everyday life.
[B] Smartphones can entertain people in many ways.
[C] Smartphones may keep people comfortable on the road.
[D] Smartphones can detect the condition of bridges.
(　　)2.Why does the author mention “San Francisco” and “Ciampino” in Paragraph 2
[A] To present the locations of the study.
[B] To tell how the study was carried out.
[C] To stress the accuracy of the data.
[D] To make a comparison.
(　　)3.How did the researchers get the result of the study
[A] By fixing sensor apps on certain bridges.
[B] By comparing data from two different sources.
[C] By collecting information about bridge safety.
[D] By referring to different drivers’ comments.
(　　)4.What do the researchers think of their bridge-detecting approach
[A] It’s time-consuming.
[B] It’s challenging.
[C] It’s promising.
[D] It’s far from satisfactory.
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
In the recent years,researchers at the University of New South Wales,Australia,1.　　　　 (invent) a soft skin stretch(拉伸) device (SSD),a haptic device that can recreate the sense of touch.It is similar to 2.　　　　 is felt in the real world,through force,vibration or motion.
The research team introduced a novel method to recreate the sense of touch through soft,artificial “muscles”.It works like this:Imagine you are at home and your friend is in Australia.You wear a haptic glove with the SSDs and your friend also wears a glove with 3.　　　　 (integrate) 3D force sensors.If your friend picks up 4.　　　　 object,it will 5.　　　　 (physical) press against your friend’s fingers.And their glove with 3D force sensors will measure these interactions.The force signals can 6.　　　　 (send) to your glove so your device will generate the same 3D forces,7.　　　　 (make) you experience the same sense of touch as your friend.The haptic devices could allow users to feel objects inside a virtual world or at a 8.　　　　 (distant).This could be especially 9.　　　　 (benefit) during special times when people rely on video calls to stay connected with loved ones.Or it could be used in medical practices.Doctors can feel a patient’s organ tissues with surgical tools 10.　　　　 touching them. Unit 4　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.I 　　　　　　　　　　 (take) an exam at 2:30 tomorrow afternoon,so I can’t go skating with you.
2.It’s no use trying to see him at six this evening,because he 　　　　　　　　　　 (give) a lesson then.
3.Just think!This time next week we 　　　　　　　　　　 (sit) in the sun in the south of France.
4.I’m afraid I won’t be available.I 　　　　　　　　　　 (talk) with my tutor at 2 o’clock this afternoon.
5.You’d better not ring me up between 9 and 10 tomorrow morning.I 　　　　　　　　　　 (have) an important meeting then.
6.We 　　　　　　　　　　 (meet) at the school gate at 6 o’clock this afternoon.
7.She 　　　　　　　　　　 (study) for her final exams all day next week.
8.He 　　　　　　　　　　 (wear) a dark green suit and a yellow tie during the show tomorrow morning.
9.My mother 　　　　　　　　　　 (cook) a big dinner for us when we get home.
10.At this time next year,I hope I 　　　　　　　　　　 (ride) my bicycle on the way to Beijing with you!
【答案】 1.will/shall be taking　2.will be giving　3.will/shall be sitting　4.will/shall be talking　5.will/shall be having　6.will/shall be meeting　7.will be studying
8.will be wearing　9.will be cooking 10.will/shall be riding
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我猜我到家时你将正在写论文。
2.明天上午学生们将正在听一场历史讲座。
3.明天下午三点,我们将在开派对。
4.对不起,我明天下午五点不能见你,因为那时我要踢足球。
5.明天上午十点,我将飞往纽约。
【答案】 1.I guess you will be writing your essay when I arrive home.
2.The students will be listening to a lecture on history tomorrow morning.
3.We’ll be having a party at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon.
4.Sorry,I can’t meet you at 5 o’clock tomorrow afternoon,because I will be playing soccer then.
5.At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning,I will be flying to New York.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Smartphones have changed people’s lives in so many ways.They help people communicate,navigate,remember to pick up the laundry,and more.Now,smartphones may also help keep people safe while they travel.
A study,published in the journal Nature Communications Engineering,led by researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Senseable City Laboratory,has shown that smartphone sensors are nearly as good at collecting information about bridge safety as sensors.The researchers conducted the study on the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco and a smaller bridge in Ciampino.
The researchers drove over the Golden Gate Bridge,their sensor apps running,one hundred and two times.They also gave the apps to seventy-two drivers who regularly cross the bridge over the course of their days.Once they had the data from the phones,they compared that data to the information from two hundred and forty sensors that had been placed on the bridge.Surprisingly,they found that the data from their phones pretty much matched the data from the sensors.
In Italy,the researchers collected the data from two hundred and eighty trips across the bridge,and compared it to the data from six sensors that had been placed on the bridge.Though the results differed a bit,the results were still quite similar.
“We still have work to do,but we believe that our approach could be scaled up easily—all the way to the level of an entire country,” told a researcher.“It might not reach the accuracy that one can get using fixed sensors installed on a bridge,but it could become a very interesting early-warning system.Small differences could then suggest when to carry out further analyses.”
Millions of smartphone-carrying people drive over bridges every day.If the new method is put into use,it will go a long way towards making bridges much safer.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了智能手机传感器在收集桥梁安全信息方面的表现几乎与安装在桥梁上的传感器一样,都可以很好地检测桥梁的状况。
(　　)1.What is the study related to smartphone sensors about
[A] Smartphones can change people’s everyday life.
[B] Smartphones can entertain people in many ways.
[C] Smartphones may keep people comfortable on the road.
[D] Smartphones can detect the condition of bridges.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,这项研究是关于智能手机可以检测桥梁的安全状况的。故选D。
(　　)2.Why does the author mention “San Francisco” and “Ciampino” in Paragraph 2
[A] To present the locations of the study.
[B] To tell how the study was carried out.
[C] To stress the accuracy of the data.
[D] To make a comparison.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句及下文可知,研究人员在两个不同的地方对两座大小不一样的桥进行实验是为了保证获取数据的准确性。故选C。
(　　)3.How did the researchers get the result of the study
[A] By fixing sensor apps on certain bridges.
[B] By comparing data from two different sources.
[C] By collecting information about bridge safety.
[D] By referring to different drivers’ comments.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句和第四段内容可知,研究人员通过比较来自对两个不同地方的两座桥进行检测的数据来得出研究结果。故选B。
(　　)4.What do the researchers think of their bridge-detecting approach
[A] It’s time-consuming.
[B] It’s challenging.
[C] It’s promising.
[D] It’s far from satisfactory.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,研究人员认为他们这种对桥梁检测的方法是很有前景的。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
In the recent years,researchers at the University of New South Wales,Australia,1.　　　　 (invent) a soft skin stretch(拉伸) device (SSD),a haptic device that can recreate the sense of touch.It is similar to 2.　　　　 is felt in the real world,through force,vibration or motion.
The research team introduced a novel method to recreate the sense of touch through soft,artificial “muscles”.It works like this:Imagine you are at home and your friend is in Australia.You wear a haptic glove with the SSDs and your friend also wears a glove with 3.　　　　 (integrate) 3D force sensors.If your friend picks up 4.　　　　 object,it will 5.　　　　 (physical) press against your friend’s fingers.And their glove with 3D force sensors will measure these interactions.The force signals can 6.　　　　 (send) to your glove so your device will generate the same 3D forces,7.　　　　 (make) you experience the same sense of touch as your friend.The haptic devices could allow users to feel objects inside a virtual world or at a 8.　　　　 (distant).This could be especially 9.　　　　 (benefit) during special times when people rely on video calls to stay connected with loved ones.Or it could be used in medical practices.Doctors can feel a patient’s organ tissues with surgical tools 10.　　　　 touching them.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。如果可以在视频通话时触碰到对方,那会是什么样的感受 这听起来或许很不可思议,但科学家通过柔软的皮肤拉伸装置正将其变为现实。
1.【答案】 have invented
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处的时间状语 In the recent years 强调时间段而非时间点,所以应用现在完成时,主语 researchers 是名词复数,助动词用have。故填have invented。
2.【答案】 what
【解析】 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,表示“在真实世界中的感觉”,指物,应用what。故填what。
3.【答案】 integrated
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。动词integrate和名词sensors之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词作定语。故填integrated。
4.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。object意为“物体”,是可数名词,此处泛指“一个物体”,应用不定冠词,且object以元音音素开头。故填an。
5.【答案】 physically
【解析】 考查副词。修饰动词press,应用副词形式。故填physically。
6.【答案】 be sent
【解析】 考查动词的语态。动词send和主语The force signals之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be sent。
7.【答案】 making
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处表示一种自然而然的结果,应用动词-ing形式作结果状语。故填making。
8.【答案】 distance
【解析】 考查名词。at a distance意为“在远处”,是固定搭配。故填distance。
9.【答案】 beneficial
【解析】 考查形容词。设空处应用形容词作表语,beneficial意为“有益的”。故填beneficial。
10.【答案】 without
【解析】 考查介词。根据上文提到的触觉设备的作用可知,医生无需触摸,通过手术工具就能感受到病人的器官组织,without表示“没有,不借用”,符合语境。故填without。Unit 4　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.New technology has enabled readers to read books in an online 　　　　 (虚拟的) library.
2.We need to gather 　　　　 (最初的) data to start the research project.
3.A 　　　　 (切实可行的) approach to learning is essential for mastering new skills.
4.His 　　　　 (学术的) performance is so outstanding that he gains the chance to participate in that important conference.
5.The need for additional security measures was 　　　　 (有正当理由的) by recent events.
6.The 　　　　 (解释) of a healthy diet includes a balance of nutrients.
7.He remains 　　　　 (乐观的) about the future despite current challenges.
8.The company is willing to bear all 　　　　 (费用) for the business trip.
9.For a healthy diet,we should focus on the quality of food rather than just the 　　　　 (数量).
10.Technological 　　　　 (障碍) have prevented the widespread adoption of this new software.
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.The 　　　　 (annoy) ads on the website make it difficult to concentrate on the contents.
2.The economist made a bold 　　　　 (predict) about the future of the global economy.
3.The audience was fully 　　　　 (engage) throughout the entire performance.
4.The study reached the 　　　　 (conclude) that regular exercise can improve mental health.
5.It is 　　　　 (virtual) impossible to predict the future accurately.
6.How to give a 　　　　 (definite) of the phenomenon is being debated now.
7.With his strong 　　　　 (academy) background,he can restore the original appearance of the painting.
8.She was 　　　　 (initial) hesitant about the idea but eventually agreed.
9.He saw the 　　　　 (envy) look in the other boy’s eyes.
10.Climate change is a 　　　　 (globe) issue that affects every country.
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.二十多年来,该公司一直走在科学技术的前沿。 (at the forefront of)
2.现在问题归结为我们怎么去那里:坐飞机还是坐火车 (boil down to)
3.在任何情况下,都不能以牺牲环境和资源为代价谋求一时的经济发展。(at the expense of)
4.用不了多久他就会想出这个问题的解决方案。(before引导时间状语从句)
5.不可否认,技术已经改变了我们的生活和工作方式。(There is no denying that)
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Researchers are trying to explore creative ways to reduce e-waste.Now one team has invented a water-activated battery (水激活电池) made of paper and other sustainable (可持续的) materials.
Some e-waste is relatively large:old phones and air conditioners,for instance.Other e-waste is more unnoticeable,such as batteries.It’s these small batteries that are big problems.Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.Researchers at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology are working to address this problem.They invented a water-activated paper battery using environmentally friendly materials that could eventually replace the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices.
A traditional battery is made of plastic,metal or other harmful materials.The paper battery works the same as a traditional battery.It has a positively charged (带电的) side,a negatively charged side,and a conductive material (传导材料) between the two.In the new battery,the positively and negatively charged sides are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper.That paper is filled with salt,which dissolves(溶解) when the paper is wet.When the paper is dry,the battery is off.Once the paper is wet,the battery activates within 20 seconds.The new battery’s operating performance worsens as the paper dries.When the scientists rewet the paper during testing,the battery begins to work again and lasts an hour before beginning to dry out again.
Although the researchers showed that their battery could power an alarm clock,it is unlikely to replace standard batteries now.It is hard to predict a time line for producing such batteries in a large number,but that future may not be so far off.
“This really starts with the development of sustainable materials,” Nystr m,the lead author,explains.“From there,I think we are able to create something that is quite useful.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了一个研究小组发明了一种由纸和其他可持续材料制成的水激活电池。
(　　)1.Why did the researchers invent the new batteries
[A] To replace harmful batteries.
[B] To develop sustainable materials.
[C] To power common devices.
[D] To make e-waste more noticeable.
(　　)2.In what aspect are the traditional and the new batteries different
[A] Sizes. [B] Usages.
[C] Materials. [D] Purposes.
(　　)3.What do we know about the paper used in the new batteries
[A] It dries within 20 seconds.
[B] It can be used many times.
[C] It only has ink on the front side.
[D] It breaks easily in salt water.
(　　)4.What can be inferred about the new battery from the last two paragraphs
[A] It stores huge power.
[B] It takes ages to make it.
[C] It has been put into market.
[D] It has a promising future.Unit 4　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:50.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.commit
A.vt.承诺,保证　B.vt.花(钱或时间) C.vi.全心全意投入　D.vt.犯(罪)
①He was arrested for committing a burglary.　　　　
②Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully.　　　　
③The company committed a significant amount of funds to research and development.　　　　
④I will commit myself to studying harder in order to get better grades.　　　
2.pose
A.vt.造成,产生　B.vt.提问,质询　C.vi.摆好姿势　D.n.姿势
①The delegates posed for a group photograph.　　　　
②The task poses no special problems.　　　　
③Please allow me to pose several questions before the meeting for later discussion.　　　　
④Peter adopted a relax pose for the camera.　　　
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
　　In the past few years,online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.1.　　　 But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you 2.　　　
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.3.　　　 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman.Before choosing to study online,consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the materials seem interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple:build online courses into your weekly schedule,just like what you would do with in person courses.4.　　　 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades.It is so easy to let an online course slide,but your grades will suffer as a result.Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures,read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
5.　　　 A social connection is often a big part of learning.There are things you can do to ease this problem.Jessica Pink,an undergraduate student,suggests taking online courses with a friend,so you can motivate each other to stay on track.You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group,or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A.But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B.Your motivation should be your main concern.
C.Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F.If you take an online course,what can you do to ensure the best possible grades
G.A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
　　I am an imaginative girl.I have always been 　1　 about the future just like the great novelist,Liu Cixin.
What will life be like in the future What will happen to humans and other living things When I was a little girl,I often thought about these questions and drew　2　 of my imaginary future life in my album.
How will people in the future 　3　 Perhaps there will be cities underground,in the air or in the sea,where there will be new kinds of 　4　 like underground express trains,airships and undersea trains.With　5　 technology,we may even be able to fly on a broom,just like Harry Potter.
Living conditions will also certainly　6　.Just imagine such a house in 　7　 it feels like spring all year because of an intelligent thermostat.All complicated and boring chores will be 　8　 by a robot.
As for travel,it may be possible to travel through time and space freely.What if there were time machines to travel to any time in history If I could　9　 a time machine,I would go to the age of dinosaurs and take them to the 　10　.By that time,more and more people would
　11　 dinosaurs as pets—you might even see people walk dinosaurs in the streets.
Maybe one day,riding flying dinosaurs to fly to schools in cities in the sky will be common.All kinds of creatures will work and play with us.What a harmonious world it will be!
However,as science and technology　12　,pollution may become more serious,and then people will need to 　13　 new planets to live on.At the same time,human beings may 　14　 become too dependent on science and technology,but I’m 　15　 that we can solve these problems step by step.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。作者主要就人们未来的生活展开了想象,从居住环境、交通方式、旅行和宠物等方面对未来的生活进行了描述,同时也预测了未来可能出现的一些问题。
(　　)1.[A] careful [B] worried
[C] positive [D] curious
(　　)2.[A] books [B] pictures
[C] photos [D] diaries
(　　)3.[A] shop [B] live
[C] work [D] play
(　　)4.[A] shelters [B] behaviour
[C] transportation [D] adventures
(　　)5.[A] fast [B] official
[C] advanced [D] global
(　　)6.[A] remain [B] exchange
[C] suffer [D] change
(　　)7.[A] where [B] that
[C] which [D] who
(　　)8.[A] done [B] stared
[C] controlled [D] made
(　　)9.[A] stop [B] use
[C] help [D] deliver
(　　)10.[A] future [B] present
[C] home [D] past
(　　)11.[A] choose [B] arrange
[C] provide [D] trust
(　　)12.[A] increase [B] support
[C] cheat [D] develop
(　　)13.[A] give up [B] look for
[C] refer to [D] work out
(　　)14.[A] suddenly [B] actually
[C] immediately [D] gradually
(　　)15.[A] confident [B] anxious
[C] confused [D] sorry
Ⅳ.应用文写作 (15分)
　　假设你是学生会负责人李华,下周爱尔兰某高中师生将到你校参加科技周活动,请你写一则欢迎辞。内容包括:
1.表示欢迎;
2.活动介绍。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Unit 4　课时作业(一)
(分值:43.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.After years of effort,the scientists finally made a 　　　　 (突破) in the field of artificial intelligence.
2.There are some 　　　　 (自治的) regions of course,under the central government.
3.I discovered some new information in the 　　　　 (数据库).
4.She has a lot of experience in handling 　　　　 (家庭的) issues.
5.Doctors issued a 　　　　 (警告) against eating any fish caught in the river.
6.Don’t be 　　　　 (贪婪的) in your work; take only what you deserve.
7.The 　　　　 (巨大的) earthquake caused widespread damage.
8.The lack of resources 　　　　 (造成) a serious threat to the project’s success.
9.It’s 　　　　 (要求) by the court that the insurance should pay for the loss of the farmers.
10.The 　　　　 (受害者) in the disaster have been ranked according to their wounds to be given medical care.
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共9题;每题1.5分,共13.5分)
1.The project failed for want of 　　　　 (finance) backing.
2.　　　　 (alternative),we can meet at a different time if this one doesn’t suit you.
3.Every student in the class is 　　　　 (capacity) of passing the exam.
4.The police are reportedly testing out new smart glasses with facial 　　　　 (recognise) technology.
5.After 　　　　 (analyse) the conclusion they had a new opinion on the matter.
6.Faced with 　　　　 (mass) goods in the supermarket,we should have good discrimination.
7.The environmental activists warned that if deforestation continues,it will 　　　　 (threat) the habitats of many endangered species.
8.The manager urged his staff 　　　　 (take) some measures to control the downward trend of sales.
9.The 　　　　 (murder) left no trace,making it difficult for the detectives to solve the case.
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.搬到一个新城市后,他不得不适应不同的生活方式。(adjust to)
2.我们丢了钥匙,只好破门而入。(break into)
3.她能流利地说几种语言,比如西班牙语、法语、意大利语等等,仅举几例。(to name but a few)
4.在做决定之前,你最好寻求专业建议,这是明智的。(It+be+adj.+that...句式)
5.你今天的任务是打扫房间。(to do不定式作表语)
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Imagine you have a picture puzzle with 10,000 pieces but no picture on a box.In fact,you don’t even have the box — it was destroyed nearly 2,000 years ago.These puzzle pieces are the remains of frescoes (壁画) in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.Some pieces are missing;others are broken.How would you solve this puzzle
Scientists at the Italian Institute of Technology have a plan:send in the robot.Their project called RePAIR (Reconstructing the Past:Artificial Intelligence and Robotics meet Cultural Heritage) combines robotics,AI and archaeology (考古学) in an attempt to reconstruct architectural characters of Pompeii,because they’re either too complex or they would require impossible amounts of human labor and time.
RePAIR’s unnamed robot must have a combination of brains,strength and a sensitive touch.The brains will come from a mix of the high-tech computer’s ability to scan the fresco puzzle pieces,machine-learning algorithms (算法) to solve the puzzles and human expert skills to guide the AI.
In Pompeii,the researchers are in the process of manually digitizing every fresco piece in two test sites to create a digital database for the RePAIR robot.But once the whole system is fully operational,the robot will do the scanning process itself.
RePAIR is experimental.“We are focusing mainly on frescoes and we’ll bring them back to life.But that’s just the case study.If we succeed,we think we can export this technology to other objects or even,to other fields,” says Pelillo,a professor of the University of Venice.
The RePAIR scientists aim to apply the robot in Pompeii in the near future.They have some time to experiment.
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲的是意大利理工学院的科学家们计划运用机器人结合人工智能和考古学来再现庞贝古城的建筑特征。
(　　)1.Why is a picture puzzle mentioned in Paragraph 1
[A] To establish its connection with the project.
[B] To express the challenge of repairing frescoes.
[C] To show the complexity of solving the puzzle.
[D] To tell the exact number of the pieces of frescoes.
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “manually” in Paragraph 4 mean
[A] By hand. [B] In a hurry.
[C] By machine. [D] At a slow pace.
(　　)3.What can be inferred about the project from Pelillo
[A] It will benefit all the research fields soon.
[B] It is intended to study other cultural objects.
[C] It will rely on more technology to be functional.
[D] It has great significance despite its present limitations.
(　　)4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage
[A] Cultural Heritages Rescued by Hi-Tech
[B] Pelillo,a Professor Focusing on Frescoes
[C] Pompeii,a City Coming to Life Due to AI
[D] Pompeii’s Ruins to Be Reconstructed by RobotUnit 4　课时作业(一)
(分值:43.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.After years of effort,the scientists finally made a 　　　　 (突破) in the field of artificial intelligence.
2.There are some 　　　　 (自治的) regions of course,under the central government.
3.I discovered some new information in the 　　　　 (数据库).
4.She has a lot of experience in handling 　　　　 (家庭的) issues.
5.Doctors issued a 　　　　 (警告) against eating any fish caught in the river.
6.Don’t be 　　　　 (贪婪的) in your work; take only what you deserve.
7.The 　　　　 (巨大的) earthquake caused widespread damage.
8.The lack of resources 　　　　 (造成) a serious threat to the project’s success.
9.It’s 　　　　 (要求) by the court that the insurance should pay for the loss of the farmers.
10.The 　　　　 (受害者) in the disaster have been ranked according to their wounds to be given medical care.
【答案】 1.breakthrough　2.autonomous
3.database　4.domestic　5.warning
6.greedy　7.massive　8.poses
9.demanded　10.victims
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共9题;每题1.5分,共13.5分)
1.The project failed for want of 　　　　 (finance) backing.
2.　　　　 (alternative),we can meet at a different time if this one doesn’t suit you.
3.Every student in the class is 　　　　 (capacity) of passing the exam.
4.The police are reportedly testing out new smart glasses with facial 　　　　 (recognise) technology.
5.After 　　　　 (analyse) the conclusion they had a new opinion on the matter.
6.Faced with 　　　　 (mass) goods in the supermarket,we should have good discrimination.
7.The environmental activists warned that if deforestation continues,it will 　　　　 (threat) the habitats of many endangered species.
8.The manager urged his staff 　　　　 (take) some measures to control the downward trend of sales.
9.The 　　　　 (murder) left no trace,making it difficult for the detectives to solve the case.
【答案】 1.financial　2.Alternatively　3.capable　4.recognition　5.analysing　6.massive　7.threaten　8.to take　9.murderer
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.搬到一个新城市后,他不得不适应不同的生活方式。(adjust to)
2.我们丢了钥匙,只好破门而入。(break into)
3.她能流利地说几种语言,比如西班牙语、法语、意大利语等等,仅举几例。(to name but a few)
4.在做决定之前,你最好寻求专业建议,这是明智的。(It+be+adj.+that...句式)
5.你今天的任务是打扫房间。(to do不定式作表语)
【答案】 1.After moving to a new city,he had to adjust to the different lifestyle.
2.We had to break into the house as we had lost our key.
3.She can speak several languages fluently,Spanish,French,Italian,to name but a few.
4.It is advisable that you seek professional advice before making a decision.
5.Your task today is to clean the room.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Imagine you have a picture puzzle with 10,000 pieces but no picture on a box.In fact,you don’t even have the box — it was destroyed nearly 2,000 years ago.These puzzle pieces are the remains of frescoes (壁画) in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.Some pieces are missing;others are broken.How would you solve this puzzle
Scientists at the Italian Institute of Technology have a plan:send in the robot.Their project called RePAIR (Reconstructing the Past:Artificial Intelligence and Robotics meet Cultural Heritage) combines robotics,AI and archaeology (考古学) in an attempt to reconstruct architectural characters of Pompeii,because they’re either too complex or they would require impossible amounts of human labor and time.
RePAIR’s unnamed robot must have a combination of brains,strength and a sensitive touch.The brains will come from a mix of the high-tech computer’s ability to scan the fresco puzzle pieces,machine-learning algorithms (算法) to solve the puzzles and human expert skills to guide the AI.
In Pompeii,the researchers are in the process of manually digitizing every fresco piece in two test sites to create a digital database for the RePAIR robot.But once the whole system is fully operational,the robot will do the scanning process itself.
RePAIR is experimental.“We are focusing mainly on frescoes and we’ll bring them back to life.But that’s just the case study.If we succeed,we think we can export this technology to other objects or even,to other fields,” says Pelillo,a professor of the University of Venice.
The RePAIR scientists aim to apply the robot in Pompeii in the near future.They have some time to experiment.
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲的是意大利理工学院的科学家们计划运用机器人结合人工智能和考古学来再现庞贝古城的建筑特征。
(　　)1.Why is a picture puzzle mentioned in Paragraph 1
[A] To establish its connection with the project.
[B] To express the challenge of repairing frescoes.
[C] To show the complexity of solving the puzzle.
[D] To tell the exact number of the pieces of frescoes.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“These puzzle pieces are...others are broken.”可知,在第一段中提到拼图游戏是为了表达修复壁画具有挑战性。故选B。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “manually” in Paragraph 4 mean
[A] By hand. [B] In a hurry.
[C] By machine. [D] At a slow pace.
【答案】 A
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第四段中的“the researchers”和“digitizing every fresco...for the RePAIR robot”可知,画线词所在句子表示的是:研究人员正在对两个测试地点的每一幅壁画碎片进行手工数字化,为“RePAIR”机器人创建一个数据库。因此画线词的意思是“用手工”,和by hand意思一致。故选A。
(　　)3.What can be inferred about the project from Pelillo
[A] It will benefit all the research fields soon.
[B] It is intended to study other cultural objects.
[C] It will rely on more technology to be functional.
[D] It has great significance despite its present limitations.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“If we succeed,we...other fields”可知,这个项目具有重要的意义,尽管它目前有局限性。故选D。
(　　)4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage
[A] Cultural Heritages Rescued by Hi-Tech
[B] Pelillo,a Professor Focusing on Frescoes
[C] Pompeii,a City Coming to Life Due to AI
[D] Pompeii’s Ruins to Be Reconstructed by Robot
【答案】 D
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其根据文章第二段和最后一段可推知,本文主要讲的是意大利理工学院的科学家们计划运用机器人结合人工智能和考古学来再现庞贝古城。因此D项符合文意,适合作为本文标题。故选D。Unit 4　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.New technology has enabled readers to read books in an online 　　　　 (虚拟的) library.
2.We need to gather 　　　　 (最初的) data to start the research project.
3.A 　　　　 (切实可行的) approach to learning is essential for mastering new skills.
4.His 　　　　 (学术的) performance is so outstanding that he gains the chance to participate in that important conference.
5.The need for additional security measures was 　　　　 (有正当理由的) by recent events.
6.The 　　　　 (解释) of a healthy diet includes a balance of nutrients.
7.He remains 　　　　 (乐观的) about the future despite current challenges.
8.The company is willing to bear all 　　　　 (费用) for the business trip.
9.For a healthy diet,we should focus on the quality of food rather than just the 　　　　 (数量).
10.Technological 　　　　 (障碍) have prevented the widespread adoption of this new software.
【答案】 1.virtual　2.initial　3.practical
4.academic　5.justified　6.definition
7.optimistic　8.expenses　9.quantity　10.barriers
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.The 　　　　 (annoy) ads on the website make it difficult to concentrate on the contents.
2.The economist made a bold 　　　　 (predict) about the future of the global economy.
3.The audience was fully 　　　　 (engage) throughout the entire performance.
4.The study reached the 　　　　 (conclude) that regular exercise can improve mental health.
5.It is 　　　　 (virtual) impossible to predict the future accurately.
6.How to give a 　　　　 (definite) of the phenomenon is being debated now.
7.With his strong 　　　　 (academy) background,he can restore the original appearance of the painting.
8.She was 　　　　 (initial) hesitant about the idea but eventually agreed.
9.He saw the 　　　　 (envy) look in the other boy’s eyes.
10.Climate change is a 　　　　 (globe) issue that affects every country.
【答案】 1.annoying　2.prediction　3.engaged
4.conclusion　5.virtually　6.definition
7.academic　8.initially　9.envious
10.global
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.二十多年来,该公司一直走在科学技术的前沿。 (at the forefront of)
2.现在问题归结为我们怎么去那里:坐飞机还是坐火车 (boil down to)
3.在任何情况下,都不能以牺牲环境和资源为代价谋求一时的经济发展。(at the expense of)
4.用不了多久他就会想出这个问题的解决方案。(before引导时间状语从句)
5.不可否认,技术已经改变了我们的生活和工作方式。(There is no denying that)
【答案】 1.The company has been at the forefront of science and technology for over two decades.
2.Now it boils down to a question of how we can get there:by plane or by train
3.Under no circumstances should we seek temporary economic development at the expense of the environment and resources.
4.It won’t be long before he figures out the solution to the problem.
5.There is no denying that technology has changed the way we live and work.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Researchers are trying to explore creative ways to reduce e-waste.Now one team has invented a water-activated battery (水激活电池) made of paper and other sustainable (可持续的) materials.
Some e-waste is relatively large:old phones and air conditioners,for instance.Other e-waste is more unnoticeable,such as batteries.It’s these small batteries that are big problems.Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.Researchers at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology are working to address this problem.They invented a water-activated paper battery using environmentally friendly materials that could eventually replace the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices.
A traditional battery is made of plastic,metal or other harmful materials.The paper battery works the same as a traditional battery.It has a positively charged (带电的) side,a negatively charged side,and a conductive material (传导材料) between the two.In the new battery,the positively and negatively charged sides are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper.That paper is filled with salt,which dissolves(溶解) when the paper is wet.When the paper is dry,the battery is off.Once the paper is wet,the battery activates within 20 seconds.The new battery’s operating performance worsens as the paper dries.When the scientists rewet the paper during testing,the battery begins to work again and lasts an hour before beginning to dry out again.
Although the researchers showed that their battery could power an alarm clock,it is unlikely to replace standard batteries now.It is hard to predict a time line for producing such batteries in a large number,but that future may not be so far off.
“This really starts with the development of sustainable materials,” Nystr m,the lead author,explains.“From there,I think we are able to create something that is quite useful.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了一个研究小组发明了一种由纸和其他可持续材料制成的水激活电池。
(　　)1.Why did the researchers invent the new batteries
[A] To replace harmful batteries.
[B] To develop sustainable materials.
[C] To power common devices.
[D] To make e-waste more noticeable.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,研究者发明新电池是为了取代旧的有害的电池。故选A。
(　　)2.In what aspect are the traditional and the new batteries different
[A] Sizes. [B] Usages.
[C] Materials. [D] Purposes.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,这种新电池使用了环保材料,根据第三段第一句可知,传统电池使用的是塑料、金属或者其他有害材料。由此可知,新的电池与传统电池在材料方面不同。故选C。
(　　)3.What do we know about the paper used in the new batteries
[A] It dries within 20 seconds.
[B] It can be used many times.
[C] It only has ink on the front side.
[D] It breaks easily in salt water.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When the paper is dry...before beginning to dry out again.”可知,当纸干了,电池就失效,纸再次被打湿后,电池又可以使用。由此推知,这种纸可以被多次使用。故选B。
(　　)4.What can be inferred about the new battery from the last two paragraphs
[A] It stores huge power.
[B] It takes ages to make it.
[C] It has been put into market.
[D] It has a promising future.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,大规模生产这种电池的时间不会很遥远,结合最后一段可知,Nystr m认为这是一种非常有用的东西。由此推知,这种新电池有广阔的前景。故选D。

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