资源简介

(共123张PPT)
晨背·积累沉淀
　　情境填空·重拾教材
　　The Amazon rainforest， with an area of around 6 million square kilometres，
is several times 1. size of Congo rainforest in Africa， plays a significant role in keeping the fine balance of the global ecosystem.The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable 2. （various） of wildlife.Mammals 3. （survive） in the forest feed on some species such as frogs.The frogs， in turn， feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.When mammals die， nutrients build up in the earth 4. microorganisms break down their bodies.This is the forest’s food chain.
the　
variety　
surviving　
as　
晨背·积累沉淀
has disappeared　
are trapped　
to live　
produced　
to　
further　
单元知识 必备清单
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1. ecosystem n. 生态系统
2. overseas adj. 海外的，国外的
adv. 在海外，向国外
3. region n. 地区，区域；行政区
4. biodiversity n. 生物多样性
5. microorganism n. 微生物
6. nutrient n. 营养素，营养物
7. drought n. 旱灾，久旱
8. brochure n. 小册子
9. resident n. 居民，住户
10. strategy n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署
Ⅱ.多义单词——我会辨
1. track vt.& vi. 跟踪，追踪
n. 足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线
2. process n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程
vt.　　加工，处理
3. branch n.　　分部；树枝；支流；分支；（政府或机构）部门
4. mass n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群
adj.　　大批的，广泛的
5. belt n.　　地带，地区；腰带；传送带
Ⅲ.核心单词——我会写
1. soil n. 土壤；国土，领土，土地
2. continent n. 大陆，陆地，洲
3. million num. 一百万；许多，大量
4. species n. 种，物种
5. wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物
6. beneath prep. 在……下面；配不上
7. living adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的
n. 生计，谋生；生活方式
8. cattle n. 牛
9. impact n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞
vi. & vt. 有影响；冲击
10. damage vt. & n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
11. climate n. 气候；倾向，风气
12. global adj. 全球的；全面的
13. medal n. 奖章，勋章
14. image n. 形象；图像；意象
15. habitat n. 生活环境，栖息地
16. nowhere adv. 无处，哪里都不
17. chief n. 首领，最高领导人
adj. 主要的；首席的
mittee n. 委员会
19. smog n. 雾霾，烟雾
20. profit n. 利润，收益；好处
vi. & vt. 获益，得到好处
21. policy n. 政策，方针；原则
22. recycle vt. 回收利用，再利用
23. subway n. 地铁；地下人行道
24. former adj. 昔日的，前任的；以前的
25. official n. 官员，要员
adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的
26. further adj. 更多的，更进一步的
adv. 较远，更远；进一步
vt. 促进，增进
Ⅳ.拓展词汇——我会拓
1. harm n. & vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害 的
2. long adj.长的→length n.长；长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影） 片长→lengthen vt. & vi.（使）变长；（使）延长→lengthy adj.漫长 的；冗长的
3. vary v.变化→various adj.各种不同的；各种各样的→variety n.不 同种类；变化；多样性；变种，变体
4. survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n.生存；幸 存；幸存事物→survivor n.幸存者→surviving adj.幸存的；残存的
5. appear vi.出现→reappear vi.再次出现；重新出现→disappear vi.不 复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n.消失
6. agriculture n.农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的
7. extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinction n.灭绝，绝种
8. apply v.应用；申请；涂；有关；运用→application n.应用，运 用；申请→applicant n.申请人
9. organize vt.组织；筹备；安排；组建vi.组建；成立→organizer n. 组织者→organization n.组织；团体；组织工作；安排；条理 →organizational adj.组织的；有组织能力的→organized adj.有条理 的；有组织的→disorganized adj.杂乱无章的
10. absolute adj.绝对的，完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地； 极其
11. entire adj.完全的→entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地
12. defend vt.保护；防御；辩白→defence/-se n.辩护；防御，保护； 防御物；国防；防守→defensive adj.防御性的；保护的
13. economy n.经济→economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 →economical adj.经济的；实惠的；节俭的；省钱的→economically adv.在经济上；节俭地；实惠地→economise/-ize vi.节省；节约 →economist n.经济学家
14. poverty n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏→poor adj.贫穷的→poorly adv.糟糕 地 adj.不适
15. poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的
16. chemist n.化学家→chemistry n.化学→chemical n.化学制品 adj. 化学的；化学作用的
17. consequent adj.随之发生的→consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 →consequently adv.因此；所以
Ⅴ.重点短语——我会记
1. in turn 相应地，转而
2. breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力
（近义： give a boost to）
3. due to 　　由于，因为 （近义： as a result of）
4. build up 　　逐渐增加，扩大
5. come up with 　　想出，想到 （近义： think of）
6. call for 　　（公开）要求；需要
（近义： ask for）
7. spring to mind 　　突然记起（或想到）（近义occur to）
8. get rid of 　　摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 （近义： dispose of）
9. give rise to 　　使发生（或存在） （同义： bring about）
10. in length 在长度上
11. sign up 报名
12. hand in hand 手拉手
13. a variety of 各种各样的
14. in defence of 为……辩护；保护，保卫……
Ⅵ.单元佳句——我会用
1. With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.（倍数表达法）
亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还 要大。
2. The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.（“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句）
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长 约100千米。
3. While a significant number of jaguars survive here， they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.（while引导让步状语从句）
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个 要素。
4. As the human population continues to grow， so does the effect we have on animals.（as引导时间状语从句；so＋助动词＋主语）
随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
高考高分 提升密码
Ⅰ.高考阅读疑难词汇——清障有法
构词法 前缀dis-表示“不，非，相反”；dis-还有“分开，分离” 的意思
写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和词义
1. （2025·全国二卷）It was a moment of connection， a bridge built between cultures through the simple act of sharing my name.Soon， my nervousness and anxiety disappeared.
v.消失　
2. （2024·北京卷） Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of；leadership， marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.
3. （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）Urban Sprouts’ classes， at two middle schools and two high schools， include hands-on experiments such as soil testing， flower-and-seed dissection， tastings of fresh or dried produce， and work in the garden.
4. I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not staying out with my friends too late.
adj.不诚实的　adj.不赞成的　
n.解剖　
v.不服从　
5. We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.
6. If researchers can’t keep their promises， excitement might give way to doubt， disappointment and anger， Johnson warns.
n.断开连接　
n.失望　
Ⅱ.2025新增课标词汇——精准备考
1. evolve v.发展；进化；演变
①evolve from 由……进化/发展而来
②evolve into 发展成，进化为
③evolve out of 从……中逐步演变
Artificial intelligence is evolving at an unprecedented pace， raising both hopes for innovation and concerns about ethical risks.
人工智能正以前所未有的速度发展，既带来了创新希望，也引发了伦 理担忧。
2. faint vi.昏倒；昏厥 adj.（光、声、味）微弱的
①a faint smile 一丝微笑
②a faint light 微弱的灯光
③faint from ... 因……昏厥
④faint sound/voice 微弱的声音
（2025·全国一卷）A faint smile touched my brother’s lips， which spread into a brilliant smile.
一丝微笑掠过哥哥的唇角，继而漾开，化作灿烂的笑容。
核心知识 点面突破
harm n. & vt.伤害，损害
练通 单句语法填空
①（2025·全国一卷）Scientists are still trying to determine how （harm） microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns.
②〔外研必修一〕If （harm） actions are the opposite of harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviours the same？
harmful　
harmless　
③〔外研选必三〕She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored way.
to　
写美 翻译句子
④（2025·全国一卷）我走上前，递出礼物，轻声说道：“我错了。 我没有恶意的，只是没考虑到你的狗对你来说有多重要。请原谅 我。”
I stepped forward， holding out the gifts， and whispered， “I was wrong.I meant no harm.I didn’t consider how important your dog is to you.Please forgive me.”
（1）do/cause harm to sb＝do/cause sb harm　　对某人有害
there is no harm in doing sth　　做某事没有害处
（2）harmful adj.　　有害的
be harmful to　　对……有害
（3）harmless adj.　　无害的；不会导致损伤的
佳句 When it comes to the ocean， overfishing does/causes harm to its ecosystem.
＝When it comes to the ocean， overfishing is harmful to its ecosystem. （海洋保护）
当谈到海洋时，过度捕捞对它的生态系统有害。
As Helen walked on， she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention to harm her， Helen started to run. Eventually， the man caught up with her， and he was only trying to return her wallet！
海伦继续往前走的时候，她听到一个男人朝她冲过来。海伦担心他可 能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把 她的钱包还给她！
survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难
练通 单句语法填空
①〔外研选必一〕Rowling had spent years surviving little money， spending all her time writing.
②〔北师大选必一〕Of course， as we humans depend on so many species for our （survive）， we would also be at risk of dying out.
③〔外研选必三〕 （survive） of the D-Day landings continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day.
on　
survival　
Survivors　
写美 完成句子
④Life isn’t about while it’s about learning to dance in the rain. （主旨升华）
生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞
（1）A survive B （by ...）　A比B活得长（……）
survive on　　依靠……生存下来
survive from ...　　从……留存/保存下来
（2）survivor n.　　幸存者；生还者
survival n.　　[U] 幸存；[C] 残存物
how to survive the storm　
佳句 Fortunately， the old woman survived the tornado and her survival was a wonder because she was the only survivor of the disaster.幸运的 是，这位老妇人在龙卷风中幸存了下来，她的幸存是一个奇迹，因为 她是这场灾难中唯一的幸存者。
Our boat survived， and I was trying to recover when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear， and screamed out the terrifying word “Whirlpool！”
我们的船幸存下来，正当我努力恢复时，哥哥把嘴凑到我耳边，声嘶 竭力地喊出了那个可怕的词：“旋涡！”
damage vt. & n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
练通 单句语法填空
①Many of the images were stored in an ice chest， under freezing water， in the （damage） wooden ship.
②〔人教选必一〕In fact， some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause people and the environment.
damaged　
to　
（which were）
damaged in the earthquake　
caused/did damage to　
佳句 A rainstorm hit the southeastern part of China， causing severe damage to crops.一场暴风雨袭击了中国东南部，对农作物造成严重 破坏。
点津 damage/destroy/ruin
damage “破坏，损坏”较小，一般可修复
destroy 彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏，毁坏”；也可用于 损坏名誉、计划等
ruin 彻底的“毁坏”，通常是自然现象等，多用于比喻用法
defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
练通 单句语法填空
①〔北师大必修一〕Soft martial arts， such as tai chi， teach you to use your opponent’s own force （defence） yourself.
②（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）If he seems a little （defend）， it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.
③Keeping a balanced diet and taking regular exercise can help defend ourselves infection.
to defend　
defensive　
against/from　
写美 一句多译
④看到这条蛇，他冲过去保护儿子。
→Seeing the snake， he rushed his son.（defend）
→Seeing the snake， he rushed his son.（defence） （动作描写）
to defend　
in defence of　
（1）in defence （of）　保护；为了保卫；（为……）辩护
in one’s defence　　为某人辩护；站在某人一边
（2）defend vt.　　保卫；保护
defend ... against/from （doing） ...　　保护……免受……
defend oneself　　自卫；为自己辩护
佳句 Local government set up some natural reserves in defence of animals close to extinction.当地政府建立了一些自然保护区，以保护濒临灭绝 的动物。
词缀拓展 “后缀-ence名词”变形记
evident adj.→evidence证据
consequent adj.→consequence结果
convenient adj.→convenience便利；方便
different adj.→difference差异；不同
absent adj.→absence缺乏；缺席
competent adj.→competence能力；胜任
due to 由于，因为
练通 单句语法填空
①The boat is due （arrive） at 12：00， so remember to pick me up on time.
②（2024·1月浙江卷）Due the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts， no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud- seeding companies.
to arrive　
to　
写美 翻译句子
③（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）由于一场大风暴，我的航班被延误了一个半 小时。

due adj.　　　 　应得的；应付的；预定的
be due to sb　　应给某人的；欠某人的
be due to do sth　　预计做某事；按预定时间做某事
due for sth　　某人应该得到……
Due to a big storm， my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
佳句 〔北师大必修二〕It was only due to the ongoing support of his wife， parents and friends that he eventually found the will to live again.
由于妻子、父母和朋友的不断支持，他最终找到了重生的意愿。
联想 表示“由于，因为”的短语还有on account of， because of， owing to， thanks to， as a result of等。
in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
练通 用turn的相关短语填空
Some student representatives to deliver speeches at the coming-of-age ceremony.Finally， it was my turn.Personally， in the past it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects， and， ， we should give a helping hand to them from now on.For instance， we and our parents can do housework .
took turns　
in turn　
by turns　
in one’s turn　　轮到某人；接着
give sb a turn　　吓某人一跳
by turns　　轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth　　轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth　　轮到某人做某事
It turns out that ...　　结果是……
佳句 Your generous support has helped me a lot， which in turn inspires me to do my best to pass on this kindness.你的慷慨支持对我帮助很大， 这反过来又激励我尽我最大的努力传递这份善意。
call for （公开）要求；需要
练通 用call的相关短语填空
①Keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean Earth everyone’s efforts and contributions.
②Their travel plan was because of the bad weather.
写美 完成句子
③〔北师大选必二〕Finally， after he had been waiting for about half an hour， he .
最后，在等了大约半小时后，他被叫进去会诊了。
calls for　
called off　
was called in for his consultation　
call at　　　　　停靠；（短时间）停留
call off　　取消；停止进行
call on/upon　　拜访（某人）；号召
call in　　召来，请来；收回
call back　　回电话；回来
call up　　（给……）打电话；选中（……参加运动队）；使回忆 起，使想起
佳句 〔人教选必一〕Some students act this may merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.
有些学生这样做仅仅是因为他们害怕被老师叫到。
spring to mind 突然记起（或想到）
佳句背诵
①When someone mentions homemade desserts， warm apple pie with a flaky crust always springs to mind.当有人提到家常甜点时，外皮酥脆 的热苹果派总会立刻浮现在脑海里。
②The sound of seagulls and the smell of saltwater make the little coastal town where I grew up spring to mind.
海鸥的叫声和海水的咸味总会让我立刻想起我长大的那个海滨小镇。
靓句写作
当他走过那个旧操场时，8岁时追着朋友们在秋千架上玩耍的回忆突 然涌上心头。
As he walked past the old playground， memories of chasing his friends and playing on the swing set when he was 8 .
sprang to mind　
句型公式：倍数表达法
教材原句：With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.亚马孙雨林的面 积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。
写美 一句多译
我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场，是原来的三倍大。
three times the size
of the original　
three times what it
used to be　
three times as large
as the original　
two times larger than
the original　
常见的倍数表达法：
（1）A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词（size/weight/length/...）＋of＋B
（2）A＋be＋倍数＋what从句
（3）A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋B
（4）A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B
佳句 〔外研必修二〕However， making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
然而，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量多 达三倍。
点津 double表示“两倍”时，可以用作形容词和动词。
高效迁移 微点练全
一词多义/熟词生义
1. branch n.（政府或机构）部门；分店，分部；树枝；支流，岔 路；分支
①〔人教选必一〕Spreading out before me， branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below.
n.支流，岔路　
②（2023·全国甲卷）Head Chef David Thompson， who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name， opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
③They cut away all the dead branches from the tree.
④The matter should be resolved by the executive branch of government.
n.分店，分部　
n.树枝　
n.（政府或机构）部门　
2. track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹；小路，小径，小道；轨 道；跑道；路线；（专业、职业或兴趣上的）领域；方向
①（2025·北京卷）TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks， hands-on workshops， and off-site experiences.
②（2024·1月浙江卷）In her first P. E. class， Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside.
n.（专业、职业或兴趣上的）领域；方向　
n.跑道　
③Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
④〔人教选必四〕It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.
⑤（2024·北京卷）Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen.
vt.跟踪，追踪　
n.小路，小径，小道　
n.足迹，踪迹　
3. break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）；（身体等）垮掉； （谈判等）失败；（情感等）失控、崩溃；打破，消除；（机器等） 出故障，抛锚
①〔北师大必修二〕First， his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
②But she was told those unable to go home sometimes broke down in tears， so here came three.
（机器等）出故障，抛锚　
（情感等）失控、崩溃　
打
破，消除　
（谈判等）失败　
（身体等）垮掉　
使分解（为），使变化（成）　
n.着
迷的人　
vt.加工；处理　
adj.在使用的　
n.传
送带　
单句语法填空
1. （2025·北京卷） my defence， I did what we’ve all done before， which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances.
2. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Families gather for big meals on Sundays， birthdays， and whatever other excuses they can come up .
3. 〔人教选必一〕For example， pesticides can damage the land by killing not only （harm） bacteria and insects， but also helpful ones.
In　
with　
harmful　
4. 〔人教必修一〕However， dangerous conditions and （damage） roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
5. 〔人教必修一〕Workers built shelters for （survive） whose homes had been destroyed.
damaged　
survivors　
单句语法填空
1. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）We offer the newest bicycles in a wide （various）， including basic bikes with foot brake （刹车）， bikes with hand brake and gears （排挡）， bikes with child seats， and children’s bikes.
variety　
2. 〔北师大必修二〕He visited sick children in hospitals and worked with （organise） such as Save the Children， speaking out about health， education and child protection to help those most in need.
3. 〔人教选必一〕Einstein， who was Jewish， found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.As a （consequent）， he had to flee Germany.
organisations　
consequence　
4. 〔北师大选必三〕Each disease can only （official） be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.
5. 〔外研必修二〕It can be quite stressful at times， though， which turn makes me feel anxious.
6. （2024·全国甲卷）If it’s short stories， Peter Mountford breaks six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.
officially　
in　
down　
　应用文增分练——守护地球，共筑未来
　　“世界环境日”即将来临，假定你是李华，请你以“保护我们的 家园——地球”为主题，写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
　　（1）保护地球的紧迫性；
　　（2）呼吁共同参与。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1. 众所周知，人类活动已经对我们的家园——地球造成了巨大的危 害。 （非限制性定语从句；do harm to）
As is well known， a great many human activities have done great harm to our home — the Earth.
2. 由于温室气体排放量的增加，地球的温度变得越来越高，使得温度 上升的速度达到了三十年前的三倍。（consequence；倍数＋as ... as）
As a consequence of the increasing emission of greenhouse gases， the temperature of the Earth is becoming higher and higher， causing the temperature to rise three times as fast as what it did 30 years ago.
3. 由于气候变化和人类活动，一些动物正处于灭绝的危险中，一些植 物也是如此。（extinction； due to； so引起的倒装）
4. 所有这些反过来会对我们人类产生负面影响，如越来越多的自然灾 害和罕见的疾病。（in turn；impact）
Some animals are in danger of extinction due to climate change as well as human activities， so are some plants.
All of these in turn will have a negative impact on us human beings， such as an increasing number of natural disasters and rare diseases.
5. 我们是时候采取各种方法来保护地球免受污染了。（various； It’s high time that ...）
6. 让我们为保护我们的绿色的地球贡献自己的一份力量吧。（祈 使句）

It’s high time that we took/should take various methods to protect the Earth from pollution.
Let’s contribute our part to protecting our green Earth.
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
　　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右 的短文。
　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　 　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
参考范文：
　　As is well known， a great many human activities have done great harm to our home — the Earth.
　　As a consequence of the increasing emission of greenhouse gases， the temperature of the Earth is becoming higher and higher， causing the temperature to rise three times as fast as what it did 30 years ago.To make matters worse/What’s worse， some animals are in danger of
extinction due to climate change as well as human activities， so are
some plants.All of these in turn will have a negative impact on us human beings， such as an increasing number of natural disasters and rare diseases.
　　It’s high time that we took/should take various methods to protect the Earth from pollution.Let’s contribute our part to protecting our green Earth.
　读后续写微技能——故乡风貌，携手同卫
积累教材续写语料——有效强化教考衔接
词汇
积累 动作描写：cross； support； produce； hide； feed on； break down； fix； defend； survive； come up with； call for； spring to mind
情感描写：awful； concerned； inseparable； unbelievable； irreplaceable； deeply； duty
环境描写：green； dark； dirty； smelly； fresh； clear； tall； ancient； huge； hardwood； track； consequence
佳句
积累 环境描写：The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.
环境描写：When I first moved here， the air was fresh， the grass green and the water clear.
排比句：It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It’s our duty to leave a better， cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.
拓展续写话题素材——精准构建表达基石
情感描写：担忧与绝望
经典
词汇 1.worry vt.使忧虑，使担心 n.担心，忧虑→worried adj.担 心的，发愁的→worrying adj.令人担心的
2.helpless/hopeless adj.无助的/无望的 →helplessness/hopelessness n.无助/绝望
3.concern vt.涉及；让……担忧 n.关心；担心；重要的事情 →concerned adj.担心的；关心；涉及
靓点语块 1.be concerned/worried about 担忧
2.a feeling of despair 一种绝望的感觉
3.decline one’s head in despair 颓然低头　　　
4.abandon oneself to helplessness 陷入无助
5.heart torn with despair 绝望得撕心裂肺
6.give up all hope放弃所有希望
出彩
佳句 1.Fog beginning to creep into the forest， I grew increasingly concerned.
雾开始悄悄进入森林，我越来越担心。
2.Worried/Concerned about the journey， I was unsettled for the first few days. （形容词短语作状语）
由于担心这次旅行，开始几天我心神不宁。
3.He was so nervous about the English test that he lay awake half the night， worried. （形容词作状语）
他对英语考试感到如此紧张，以至于大半夜都睡不着觉，心神不宁。
4.He gazed at the confusion around him， overwhelmed by a feeling of despair. （过去分词短语作状语）
他凝视着周围的一片混乱，感到一阵绝望。
重拳锤炼续写场景——积累内化应用提升
　　场景导入：时隔多年踏上家乡土地时，“她”为家乡一去不复返 的美景而惋惜，并暗下决心改变现状。
　　The moment she set foot on her hometown ten years later， she gazed at the bare mountain and dirty river and froze there， 1. （被一种绝望的 感觉淹没；过去分词短语作状语）.Past beautiful scenery came back in floods.She was reduced to tears and 2.
overwhelmed/overcome by a feeling of despair　
declined her head in despair　
Worried/Concerned about the damaged environment　
Determined to change the situation　
urge people to protect the environment　
　　（2025·全国一卷，阅读A篇）
The greening of planes， trains and automobiles
　　Moving goods and people around the world is responsible
for a large part of global CO2 emissions （排放）.As the world
races to decarbonize everything， it faces particular problems with
transportation — which accounts for
about a quarter of our energy-related
greenhouse gas emissions.Here’s the
breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
　　The fuels for transport need to be not just green， cheap and powerful， but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled， but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
　　This energy transition （变革） is global， and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing，” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately， analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.“We need to speed up the development of green energy， and it will all get used，” says Wipke.
做真题——感悟命题角度
21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018？
A. 11.6％. B. 45.1％.
C. 74.5％. D. 86.1％.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一张图中的ROAD （PASSENGER） 45.1％和ROAD （GOODS） 29.4％可知，道路车辆在全球交通排放中的总占比：45.1％＋29.4％＝74.5％。
√
22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily？
A. Planes. B. Trucks.
C. Trains. D. Ships.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二张图中TRAINS—Electricity部分可知，火车使用电能作为能源，一些火车已经实现了电气化，其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电气化。相对图中描述的飞机、卡车和轮船的燃料转型，火车绿色转型更简单。
√
23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition？
A. Limiting fuel consumption.
B. Putting more effort into renewables.
C. Improving energy efficiency.
D. Making electricity more affordable.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段末句可知，Wipke认为需要加快绿色能源的发展，绿色能源将全部投入使用。B项（加大对可再生能源的投入）与文意相符。
√
理脉络——构建篇章思维
再利用——拓宽词句积累
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1. decarbonize v. 脱碳，减少碳排放 （课标外词汇）
2. aviation n. 航空
3. synthetic adj. 合成的 （课标外词汇）
4. hydrocarbon n. 碳氢化合物 （课标外词汇）
5. solid-state adj. 固态的 （课标外词汇）
6. fuel n. 燃料
7. ignite v. 点燃 （课标外词汇）
8. mind-blowing adj. 令人震惊的；动人心弦的 （课标外词汇）
9. renewable adj. 可再生的（课标外词汇）
（二）由文本积派生（合成）词汇
1. decarbonize v.脱碳；减少碳排放 [前缀de-＋carbon （n.）＋后缀- ize]
2. electrified adj.电气化的；通电的 [electric （adj.）＋后缀-ify＋后 缀-ed]
3. renewable adj.可再生的 [前缀re-＋new （adj.）＋后缀-able]
4. greenhouse n.温室 [green （adj.）＋house（n.）]
5. mind-blowing adj.令人震惊的 [mind （n./v.）＋blowing （v.）]
（三）由文本知变式运用
1. breakdown [熟义]n.故障；垮掉
→[生义] n. （第一段第 三句）
2. plug [熟义] n.插头
→[生义] v. （第二个图中）
3. green [熟义] adj.绿色的
→[生义] adj. （第二个图中）
4. up to [熟义] （数目上）达到，忙于……，由……决定
→[生义] （最后一段第三句）
（对庞杂信息的）分类，分析，明细　
接入；兼容　
环保的　
胜任……的，有能力完成任务　
复合句　
时间状语从句　
非限制性定语
从句　
当全世界正加速推进全面去碳化时，交通运输面临着特别的
挑战——它约占与能源相关的温室气体排放的四分之一。　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2026·湘东十校联考）Recently， campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food.This reduces “food miles”， that is， the distance food travels to get from the producer to the retailer.They reason that the higher the food miles， the more carbon emissions.Buying local food， therefore， has a lower carbon footprint and is more environmentally friendly.
　　However， the real story is not as simple as that.If our aim is to reduce carbon emissions， we must look at the whole farming process， not just transportation.Other processes， including fertilization， storage， heating and irrigation， contribute much more.
　　In fact， imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown food.Take apples for example.In autumn， when apples are harvested， the best option for a British resident is to buy British apples.However， the apples we buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months， and this uses up a lot of energy.In spring，
therefore， it is more energy-efficient to import them from New Zealand， where they are in season.Heating also uses a lot of energy， which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain， where the crop grows well in the local climate.
　　We must also take into account the type of transport.Transporting food by air creates about 50 times more emissions than shipping it.However， only a small proportion of goods are flown to the consumer country， and these are usually high value， perishable items which we
cannot produce locally.Even then， these foods may not have a higher carbon footprint than locally grown food.For example， beans flown in from Kenya are grown in sunny fields using manual labour and natural fertilizers， unlike in Britain， where we use oil-based fertilizers and diesel machinery.Therefore， the total carbon footprint is still lower.
　　It’s also worth remembering that a product’s journey does not end at the supermarket.The distance consumers travel to buy their food， and the kind of transport they use will also add to its carbon footprint.So driving a long way to shop for food will negate any environmental benefits of buying locally grown produce.
　　Recently， some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles too.But ultimately， the measures are too simple.Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint besides the distance it has travelled.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了购买本地食物是否真的 更环保这一问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了购买本地食物是否真的
更环保这一问题。
1. Why is importing apples from New Zealand more energy-efficient for British residents in spring？（　　）
A. It reduces food miles.
B. British apples are in short supply.
C. New Zealand apples are cheaper.
D. British apples have been stored under energy-consuming conditions.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的However， the apples ... where they are in season.可知，英国在春季时，苹果已被冷藏数月，处于耗能状态，所以从新西兰进口苹果更节能。
√
A. All imported food has a higher carbon footprint than locally grown food.
B. Beans flown in from Kenya have higher carbon footprints than grown in Britain.
C. Transporting food by air always results in a higher carbon footprint than growing local food.
D. Only considering food miles is an oversimplified way to assess a food’s environmental impact.
2. Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage？ （　　）
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句以及最后一段最后一句可推知，只考虑食物里程来评估食物对环境的影响过于简单。
3. What does the underlined word “negate” in paragraph 5 probably mean？（　　）
A. Enhance. B. Ignore.
C. Cancel out. D. Misunderstand.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段尤其是画线词前的So driving a long way to shop for food可知，会使得购买本地种植产品的任何 环境效益都无效。negate表示“使无效”，与cancel out （抵消） 意思相近。
√
4. What is the author’s attitude towards buying local food？（　　）
A. Strongly supportive.
B. Completely opposed.
C. Cautiously skeptical.
D. Somewhat indifferent.
解析：观点态度题。根据文章内容尤其是第二段第一句和第五段内容可知，文章分析了不同因素对食物碳足迹的影响。由此推断，作者持谨慎怀疑的态度。
√
B
　　（2026·南京宁海中学月考）Small batteries are big problems， but nobody really pays attention to where they end up.Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory are working to address this problem.Their new research paper describes a water-activated paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices.
　　The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently.Like a typical chemical battery， it has a positively charged side called a cathode， a negatively charged side called an anode， and a conductive material called an electrolyte （电解质） between the two.A traditional battery’s components are encased in plastic and metal； in the new battery， the anode and cathode are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper.That paper is filled with salt， which dissolves （溶解） when the paper is dampened with water.The resulting saltwater solution acts as the electrolyte.
　　Sustainable materials were a precondition for the researchers， who considered only safe and plentiful ingredients to create their device.“We were fairly confident that we would have something that would work in the end， but developing these materials and ink systems is challenging，” says Gustav Nystr m， senior author of the study.
　　After trying hundreds of formulations for the battery components， the researchers settled on a graphite ink to make the cathode， a zinc ink for the anode， and salt-filled paper to create the electrolyte.
　　When the paper is dry， the battery is shelf-stable.Add just a couple of drops of water， however， and the salt dissolves， allowing electrons to flow.Once the paper is dampened， the battery activates within 20 seconds.The new battery’s operating performance declines as the paper dries.When the scientists re-wet the paper during testing， the battery regained functionality and lasted an hour before beginning to dry out again.
　　Although the researchers demonstrated that their battery could power an alarm clock， the paper batteries are unlikely to replace standard ones on store shelves.Nystr m envisions a future where these paper batteries
could make their way into products within the next two to five years.“The performance that you see on this device， I think， is sufficient for a lot of other applications already，” he says.“It is mostly a matter of scaling up production and integrating the batteries into systems such as diagnostic tests and environmental sensors.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种由环保材料开 发的水活化纸电池，包括对环境保护的益处以及工作原理。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种由环保材料开
发的水活化纸电池，包括对环境保护的益处以及工作原理。
5. How is the paper battery similar to the standard battery？（　　）
A. They both have two charged sides and an electrolyte.
B. They are both packaged in plastic and metal.
C. The key components are environmentally friendly.
D. Both batteries can operate for only an hour.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，纸电池与标准电池的相似之处是都有两个带电面，阳极和阴极，以及一个称为电解质的导电材料。
√
6. What is the condition for the paper battery to work？（　　）
A. Heating the salt.
B. Wetting the paper.
C. Drying out the battery.
D. Charging the electrons.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后三句可知，纸电池工作的条件是要把纸弄湿，盐才会溶解，盐水溶液才能充当电解质。
√
7. Nystr m will most likely agree with the prediction that 　　　　. （　　）
A. major technological breakthrough will be made in the near future
B. all home appliances will be powered by paper batteries
C. paper batteries will have longer shelf life than traditional ones
D. the future for a wide application of paper batteries is not far off
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段Nystr m所说和最后一段第二、三句可推知，Nystr m将很可能同意的预测是，纸电池广泛应用的未来并不遥远。
√
8. Which of the following statements best describes the significance of paper battery？（　　）
A. It advances the battery manufacturing industry.
B. It is a low-cost alternative to traditional battery.
C. It is a creative way to reduce potential e-waste.
D. It turns dangerous e-waste into useful products.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一种新科研成果：由环保材料开发的水活化纸电池。这种电池最终可能成为低功耗设备中常见的标准电池的可持续替代品。因此，C项（这是减少潜在电子垃圾的一种创造性方法）最能描述纸电池的重要性。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2026·山东泰安期末）Life on Earth couldn’t exist without oceans.9. 　　 World Oceans Day is a time to enhance understanding of oceans and why we must change the bad situation.
　　World Oceans Day
　　Did you know that 71 per cent of our planet is covered in ocean？ 10. 　　 People around the world wear blue to celebrate World Oceans Day on 8 June every year， which is aimed at knowing why oceans are in danger and how essential it is to protect them.
　　Why we need oceans
　　Evidently， without oceans， life couldn’t exist.Scientists don’t know the exact number， but they think that oceans are home to 50 to 80 per cent of all species on Earth.Oceans hold about 97 per cent of all the water on our planet and give us rainwater and drinking water through the water cycle.11. 　　
　　How we use oceans
　　Humans use the ocean in diverse ways.A lot of our food comes from oceans， and millions of people worldwide have jobs related to fishing
andfish farming.12. 　　 We’ve been getting oil and gas from beneath
the ocean floor for a long time， but now we are aware renewable energy is eco-friendly for the future.We can use the power of waves and tides to produce electricity， and many wind farms are located offshore.
　　What we can do to help
　　For World Oceans Day you could join in a beach clean-up to help prevent plastic and other rubbish getting into the sea.You could employ social media platforms to share posts， photos or videos to show how
crucial oceans are.You could participate in a writing contest around the theme of the ocean or watch ocean-related documentaries.13. 　　 So， take action instantly.
A. Thus， it is vital to explore them.
B. However， our oceans are in danger.
C. Besides， fossil energy is running out.
D. That’s why we call the Earth the “Blue Planet”.
E. Oceans also provide us with much of our energy.
F. Anyway， your efforts count remarkably in terms of protecting oceans.
G. Additionally， much oxygen we breathe comes from the plants in the ocean.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了保护海洋的一些知识和 举措。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了保护海洋的一些知识和
举措。
9. B　根据上下文可知，空处与上文为转折关系且承接下文说明海洋 现在的状况——处于危险中。B项（然而，我们的海洋正处于危险之 中）中的in danger呼应下句中的bad situation。
10. D　根据上文可知，空处应对问题进行回答。D项（那就是为什么 我们称地球为“蓝色星球”的原因）承接上文。
11. G　根据上文可知，空处与上文为并列关系说明海洋的作用。 G项（此外，我们呼吸的许多氧气来自海洋中的植物）为上文的进 一步说明。
12. E　根据下文可知，空处承接下文说明海洋提供给了人类能源。E 项（海洋也为我们提供了大量的能源）中的energy呼应下句中的oil and gas。
13. F　根据上文可知，空处承接上文说明努力的作用。F项（无论如 何，你的努力在保护海洋方面是非常重要的）中的your efforts指代上 文的行动，count remarkably强调重要性，与下句呼应。

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