资源简介

(共152张PPT)
晨背·积累沉淀
　　情境填空·重拾教材
　　As a new senior high school student， you will meet a lot of 1. （challenge）.The following 2. （be） some tips to help you lead a meaningful life.
　　Firstly， 3. is important for you to make the most of 4. （amaze） resources in the school to realize your potential.At the same time， make great efforts to get over difficulties and seize every opportunity 5. （improve） your ability.The more knowledge you acquire， the more confidence you 6. （have）. Secondly，keep in mind
challenges　
are　
it　
amazing　
to improve　
will have　
晨背·积累沉淀
7. good study habits， useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance.Plan your study 8. （careful） and focus 9. your lessons in class.After class you’d better exchange words with your classmates to improve your communication skills.Last but not least， learn to keep a balance between your study 10. hobbies and work out a reasonable plan.Soon， you will be a well-rounded individual！
that　
carefully　
on　
and　
单元知识 必备清单
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1. facility n. 设施，设备；场所
2. well-rounded adj. 全面发展的；面面俱到的
3. technique n. 技巧，技艺；技能
4. workshop n. 研讨会，讲习班；车间，作坊
5. poster n. 海报；（在网上）发布消息的人
6. secondary adj. 中学的；次要的
7. butter n. 黄油
8. pudding n. 甜点；布丁
9. rugby n. 橄榄球运动
10. calligraphy n. 书法，书法艺术
Ⅱ.多义单词——我会辨
1. character n. 品质，性格；特点；人物，角色；文字
2. tip n. 指点，实用的提示；尖端，小费
v.　　（使）倾斜，倾倒；给小费
3. material n. 材料；素材
adj.　　物质的，实际的；客观存在的
4. tough adj.　　艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的；（食物）嚼不 烂的
Ⅲ.核心单词——我会写
1. senior adj. 中学的；级别高的；高级水平的；老年的
n. 级别（或地位）较高者；较……年长的人；高水
平运动员
2. path n. 道路；小路；成功的途径
3. positive adj. 积极乐观的；良好的，正面的
4. opportunity n. 机会，时机
5. acquire vt. 获得，得到
6. effort n. 努力；费力的事；试图；力气，精力；尝试
7. resource n. 资源；资料；谋略
8. attitude n. 态度，看法
9. goal n. 目标；进球得分
10. individual n. 个人
adj. 单独的，个别的
11. ahead adv. （时间、空间）向前；提前
12. junior adj.　　（学校）为11或13岁以下儿童设立的；地位（或级
别）低的；青少年的
n. 职位较低者；青少年运动员
13. focus n. 焦点，重点
vt. & vi. 集中
14. remind vt. 提醒，使想起
15. aim n. 目的，目标
vi. & vt. 力争做到；目的是；针对
16. style n. 风格；方式；样式
17. exchange n. & vt. 交换；交流；兑换
18. host n. 主人；东道主；主持人
vt. 主办；主持
19. biology n. 生物学
Ⅳ.拓展词汇——我会拓
1. potential n.潜力；可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的→potentially adv.潜 在地，可能地
2. challenge n. & vt.挑战；质疑→challenger n.挑战者→challenging adj.挑战性的→challenged adj.有残疾的→unchallenged adj.不被怀疑 的；没有异议的→unchallengeable adj.不容置辩的
3. think v.想，思考→thinking n.思维，思想；想法
4. confidence n.信心，信任；把握；秘密，机密 →confident adj.自信的；有把握的→confidently adv.自信地；有把握地
5. equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的n.同等的人（物） linking v. 与……相等 vt.比得上→equally adv.相同地；同样地→equality n.平等 →inequality n.不平等
6. balance vt.同等重视；（使）保持平衡；权衡重要性；同等重视 ； 相抵；抵消n.均衡，平衡；平衡能力；余额 →balanced adj.平衡的， 均衡的→unbalanced adj.偏颇的；失衡的
7. improve vt. & vi.改进，改善→improvement n.改善，改进（处） →improved adj.已改善的，有改进的
8. responsible adj.有责任，负责；可靠的 →responsibility n.责任
9. dependent adj.依赖的；依靠的；有瘾的→independent adj.自主 的，有主见的；自立的→independence n.独立
10. detail n.细节；具体情况；详情；细微之处 vt.详细列举/说明；详 述 →detailed adj.详细的；细致的；精细的
11. propose vt.提议；建议→proposal n.提议，建议，动议
12. profession n.职业，专业→professional adj.职业的，专业的；有职 业的；娴熟的，精通业务的 n.专门人员，专业人士→professor n.教 授，讲师→professionalise/-ize vt.使职业化；使专业化
13. alarm n.闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt.使惊恐，使害怕→alarmed adj.惊恐的；有警报装置的 →alarming adj.使人惊恐的
14. contribute vi. & vt.捐助；捐献；投稿 vi.是……的原因之 一 →contribution n.贡献；捐款；捐赠；稿件；促成作用 →
contributor n.撰稿人；捐款者；促成物
15. fortune n.机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运 地，幸亏→unfortunately adv.不幸地→misfortune n.不幸
16. attract vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应） →attractive adj.迷 人的；有吸引力的→attractiveness n.吸引力→attraction n.吸引；吸引 力；有吸引力的事物→attractant n.（对动物等的）引诱物，引诱剂
Ⅴ.重点短语——我会记
1. lie in 存在于，在于
2. rise to 能够处理
3. make a difference 起作用，有影响
4. make the most of 充分利用，尽情享受
5. take advantage of 利用
6. last but not least 最后但同样重要
7. look forward to 　　盼望，期待（同义：long for）
8. as a result of 　　由于（同义：due to， because of， on account of）
9. stick to　　 坚持；固守，维持 （同义：persist in， hold on to）
10. over time 随着时间流逝，久而久之
11. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地做某事
12. take part in 参与，参加
13. in time　　 迟早；最后；及时（近义：sooner or later）
14. pay attention to 注意
15. be responsible for 对……负责
16. lay out　　 （整齐地） 铺开，展开；阐述
（反义：gather up收拢）
17. put simply/to put it simply　　简而言之（同义：in short）
Ⅵ.单元佳句——我会用
1. I can’t wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. （can’t wait to do； what引导宾语从句）
我迫不及待地要向你们描述一下高中生活是什么样子的。
2. I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm！（so ... that ...引导 结果状语从句）
我是如此喜欢它以至于我仍旧用它作闹钟！
3. To fully realize your potential， it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.（it作形式主语）
要想全面发挥自己的潜能，充分利用我们学校的资源很重要。
4. Of equal importance are good study habits， useful skills and a positive attitude.（倒装，be of＋抽象名词）
同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。
5. As Lao-Tzu wisely said， “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”（as引导非限制性定语从句）
正如老子睿智的箴言所说的那样：“千里之行，始于足下。”
高考高分 提升密码
Ⅰ.高考阅读疑难词汇——清障有法
构词法 后缀-al，-cal表示名词转换为形容词，属于形容词性后缀， 意为“具有……特性的；与……有关的”
写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和词义
1. （2025·全国一卷）Still， the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult.
adj.潜在的，可能的　
2. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens （标本），and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change， I wanted to know： Are they usable？
3. （2024·全国甲卷）Control emotional eating.We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger.
4. The project required each team to develop a hypothesis （假说）， set up an experiment to test the hypothesis， do the statistical analysis and present the findings.
adj.观测的；根据观察的　
adj.情绪的　
adj.统计的；统计学的　
Ⅱ.2025新增课标词汇——精准备考
1. ad （＝advertisement） n.广告
①launch an advertisement 投放广告
②print advertisement 平面广告
③advertisement campaign 广告宣传活动
④misleading advertisement 误导性广告
（2025·八省联考）Hearing a letter drop through the mailbox is much more exciting than getting an email， even though it’s usually a bill or advertisement in my case.
听到信件滑入信箱的声音，比收到电子邮件更令人兴奋——尽管在我 这里，那通常只是一张账单或一则广告。
2. AI （＝Artificial Intelligence） 人工智能
①AI technology 人工智能技术
②AI ethics 人工智能伦理
③machine learning in AI 人工智能中的机器学习
④AI-driven 人工智能驱动的
AI has been widely applied in medical diagnosis to improve the accuracy of disease detection， especially in early-stage cancer screening.
人工智能已广泛应用于医疗诊断，以提高疾病检测的准确性，尤其在 癌症早期筛查中。
核心知识 点面突破
advance n.进步，进展；前进，行进 vt. & vi.发展，进步
练通 单句语法填空
①（2025·全国一卷）Determined to fix things， my wife decided to help me make some biscuits advance of our trip to his home， hoping they would convey my sincere apology.
in　
②（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner， experienced or （advance） walker to enjoy the challenges ...
③There are good opportunities for （advance） if you have the right skills.
advanced　
advancement　
写美 翻译句子
④如果你能提前告知我你是否有空，我将不胜感激。 （邀请信）
I’d appreciate it if you could let me know whether you are available or not in advance.
（1）advance on/towards　 朝……前进
（2）in advance （＝ahead of time/schedule）　　预先；提前
in advance of　　在……之前
make advances in　　在……方面取得进步
（3）advanced adj.　　先进的；高级的
advancement n.　　促进；推动；发展；前进
佳句 John and Bernard advanced on/towards the nearby market to sell their popcorn， with bright smiles on their faces. （动作描写）
约翰和伯纳德面带灿烂的笑容向附近的市场前进，去卖他们的爆 米花。
If you aren’t nervous about the coming exam， you are sure to be far in advance of your class.
如果你对即将到来的考试不紧张，你一定会在班上遥遥领先的。
amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的
练通 单句语法填空
①（2025·全国二卷）She previously explained that “you do not need to have an （amaze） body to exercise ... the goal is to feel good， not look good.”
②〔人教必修一〕After reaching your destination， you will have a day to explore and be （amaze） by this ancient city.
amazing　
amazed　
写美 完成句子
③ ， the little boy can play the piano so well. （情感表达）
令我们惊讶的是，这个小男孩钢琴弹得如此之好。
④ his show of sportsmanship and .
观众对他表现出的体育精神感到惊讶，并为自行车手们欢呼鼓掌。
To our amazement　
The audience was/were amazed at　
cheered and clapped for the cyclists　
（1）It’s amazing that ...　令人惊讶的是……
（2）amaze vt.　　使惊奇，使惊诧
It amazes sb that ...＝What amazes sb is that ...　　使某人惊奇的 是……
（3）amazed adj.　　吃惊的，惊奇的
be amazed to do sth　　做某事感到惊讶
（4）amazement n.　　惊奇；惊愕
in amazement　　惊愕地
（much/greatly） to one’s amazement令某人感到（非常）惊讶的是
佳句 What amazed us was that David succeeded in passing the finishing line with his left leg bleeding. （动作描写）
让我们吃惊的是，大卫左腿流着血，却能成功地跑过终点。
equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的n.同等的人（物） linking v. 与……相等vt.比得上
练通 单句语法填空
①When it comes to wildlife protection， all species — the good， the bad， and the ugly — should be treated （equal）.
②Environmental agencies estimate that 10 per cent of all seawater litter is lost or deserted fishing tools （equal） 640，000 tons every year.
equally　
equaling　
写美 完成句子
③ since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and attitudes.
你的肢体语言同样重要，因为它透露了很多你的想法和态度。
（1）without equal/have no equal　无与伦比
be equal to （doing） sth 能胜任（做）某事；比得上；等于
A equals B （in ...）　　A（在……方面）比得上B
（2）equality n.　　平等；相等
equally adv.　　相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地
Your body language is equally important/of equal importance　
佳句 He is a man who lacks experience and determination， and I think he is not equal to the job.
他是一个缺乏经验、意志薄弱的人，所以我认为他不能胜任这份 工作。
联想 表示“能胜任”的短语还有be fit for， be qualified for等。
responsible adj.有责任，负责；可靠的
练通 单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible AI — the technology companies and world leaders.
②（2025·北京卷）While raising an adult is a parent’s job， it’s also our （responsible） as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture （培养） emotional and identity development.
for　
responsibility　
写美 完成句子
③ make me admire her. （人物介绍）
正是她的友好和责任感让我钦佩她。
（1）be responsible for sth　 　对……负责
（2）responsibility n.　　责任；义务
a sense of responsibility　　责任感
take responsibility for sth　　对……负责
It is sb’s responsibility to do sth做某事是某人的职责
It’s her friendliness and sense of responsibility that　
佳句 〔外研选必二〕Instead of being the selfish teenager I used to be， I have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a stronger sense of social responsibility.
我不再是以前那个自私的少年了，我开始更加关注他人，并培养更强 的社会责任感。
focus n.焦点，重点vt. & vi.集中
练通 单句语法填空
①（2025·北京卷）TransForm allows you to get to focus your chosen track through subject matter talks， hands-on workshops， and off-site experiences.
on/upon　
写美 句式升级
②The contest， which focuses on the traditional Chinese culture， is scheduled to be held in our school hall on 18 January. （通知）
→ ， the contest is scheduled to be held in our school hall on 18 January.（非谓语动 词作状语）
Focusing on the traditional Chinese culture　
（1）focus on/upon 集中于
focus one’s attention/eyes/energy on 集中注意力/目光/精力于……
（2）the focus of ……的焦点/中心
the focus of attention　　关注的焦点
（3）focused adj.　　注意力集中的
佳句 To my relief， David focused （his attention） on running forward instead of quitting the race.让我如释重负的是，大卫专注于向前跑，而 不是退出比赛。
base vt.以……为基础（依据） n.根据；基础；基底；总部，大本 营
练通 单句语法填空
①〔人教必修三〕Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the （base） of man’s desire to understand.
②（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the （base） principles of photography in the wild.
③（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）So， what are they learning？ （basic）， how to describe a panda’s life.
basis　
basic　
Basically　
写美 句式升级
④The novel was based on an interesting story and it was well worth reading.
→ ， the novel was well worth reading. （分词短语作状语）
→The novel was well worth reading. （分词短语作定语）
Based on an interesting story　
based on an interesting story　
（1）base ... on/upon ...　把……建立在……上
be based on/upon ...　　 以……为基础/根据
（2）basis n.　　 基础；根据；基点
on a regular/daily basis　　 定期/每天
on the basis of ...　　 根据……
（3）basic adj.　　 基础的；基本的
basically adv.　　 大体上；基本上
佳句 I am writing to inform you of some basic table manners.You should let the elderly eat first， which is based on traditional Chinese customs. （建议信）
我写信是告知你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。根据中国传统习俗，你应该先 让长辈用餐。
Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure， providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.几个狩猎营地作为 这次冒险的基地，每天提供两次独特的骑行，深入探索三角洲。
remind vt.提醒，使想起
练通 单句语法填空
①〔外研选必四〕Parents and teachers keep reminding us （share） toys， snacks， books， happy memories， and sometimes even sorrows with others.
②When I was ready to give back the costume to her， I was told to keep it as a （remind） of not easily letting go of dreams.
to share　
reminder　
remind you that the deadline for
submission is this Friday， June 14th　
④What the teacher had said ， “Where there is a will， there is a way.”
老师的话让我想起了那句名言：“有志者事竟成。”
reminded me of the famous saying　
（1）remind sb of sb/sth　　使某人想起……
remind sb to do sth　　提醒某人做某事
remind sb that从句　　提醒某人……
（2）reminder n.　　提醒人的事物
佳句 〔外研必修一〕Here are some of our favourites， to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world！
这里有一些我们最喜欢的帖子，以提醒我们，我们在课堂上学习的一 些英语与外面世界的英语是相当不同的！
联想 常见的“v.＋sb＋of sth”结构短语还有：
①cure sb of sth 治好某人某病
②accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事
③rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物
④inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
⑤convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
attract vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应）
练通 单句语法填空
①With breathtaking views of the Aran Islands and Galway Bay， the Cliffs of Moher is one of Ireland’s most popular tourist （attract）.
②（2025·全国二卷）Flowers are everywhere — hanging baskets， window boxes， and planters — just what you imagine in an （attract） English market town.
attractions　
attractive　
to
be attracted　
写美 翻译句子
④这个古老的小镇以其传统建筑和宁静氛围吸引了来自世界各地 的游客。
This ancient town attracts tourists from all over the world with its traditional architecture and peaceful atmosphere.
（1）attract one’s attention 引起某人的注意
attract sb to sth/sb　　吸引某人关注某事/某人
（2）attraction n.　　吸引力；吸引人的事物；喜爱
tourist attraction　　旅游胜地
（3）attractive adj.　　吸引人的
be attractive to sb　　对某人有吸引力
佳句 He was attracted to the game at the tender age of seven and was addicted to it. （人物描写）
他在7岁的小小年纪就被这项运动所吸引并且痴迷于它。
What attracts many people is that you can swim in an indoor pool at any time of year.一年中的任何时间都可以在室内泳池游泳这一点吸引了 很多人。
点津 attract的名词形式attraction既可用作可数名词，表示 “吸引人的 事物（人）” ；也可用作不可数名词，表示 “吸引，吸引力”。
make a difference 起作用，有影响
练通 单句语法填空
①（2025·北京卷）If we can raise awareness about it and encourage more people to take action， it will make big difference.
②My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough a difference with the plans I had in mind.
a　
of　
写美 词汇升级
③I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behaviors will work. （环境保护）
→I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behaviors will .
make a difference　
make a difference to　　对……有作用
make enough of a difference　　产生足够的影响或变化
tell the difference （between ... and ...）　　辨别/区分（…… 与……）
make some/no/little difference （to ...）（对……）有些/没有/几乎没 有作用
佳句 If something makes a difference or makes a lot of difference， it affects you and helps you in what you are doing. If something makes no difference， it does not have any effect on what you are doing.
如果某物有影响或影响很大，它会影响到你，并帮助你做你正在做的 事情。如果某物没有影响，它不会对你的行为有任何影响。
as a result of 由于
练通 单句语法填空
①（2023·全国甲卷）Many species are dying out a result of human activities， such as deforestation and pollution.
as　
写美 同义转换
②There is more and more noise pollution.As a result， many species are dying out. （倡议信）
→ more and more noise pollution， many species are dying out.
As a result of　
resulted from his not working hard
enough　
（1）as a result of （＝because of） 由于（强调原因）
as a result （＝as a consequence） 结果；因此（单独使用，表结论）
without result　　没有结果，白费
（2）result in　　导致（强调后果）
result from　　由……产生（强调原因）
佳句 As a result of the government’s strict environmental policies， air pollution in this region has dropped significantly over the past decade.由 于政府严格的环保政策，该地区的空气污染在过去十年里显著下降。
联想 as a result of的近义短语还有thanks to， owing to， due to， on account of， in consequence of/as a consequence of。
alarm n.闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt.使惊恐，使害怕→alarmed adj.惊恐的；有警报装置的→alarming adj.使人惊恐的
佳句背诵
①The sudden creak of the attic door alarmed her — she’d locked it tight before going downstairs， and no one else had a key.
阁楼门突然发出的嘎吱声让她惊恐不已——下楼前她明明锁死了门， 而且没有其他人有钥匙。
②She froze， alarmed at the faint footsteps that followed the creak， her hands clamping tight around the kitchen knife she’d grabbed for comfort.
她僵在原地，对嘎吱声后传来的微弱脚步声感到担忧，双手紧紧攥着 那把用来壮胆的菜刀。
③When she saw a shadow slip past the attic window， she didn’t hesitate to raise the alarm.
当她看见一个影子从阁楼窗户旁闪过，立刻毫不犹豫地发出警报。
靓句写作
烟雾报警器刺耳的蜂鸣声让全家人都慌了神；就连平时沉稳的爷爷也 面露担忧，双手颤抖着抓起了灭火器。
The smoke detector’s shrill beep ； even the usually calm grandfather ， his hands shaking as he grabbed the fire extinguisher.
alarmed the entire family　
looked alarmed　
句型公式：find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句：In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.
最后，你们会发现自己逐渐全面成长。
写美 完成句子
①He out of the house and the door slammed in his face.
他被推出屋子，门砰的一声当着他的面关上了。
found himself pushed　
②We often than our own.
我们经常发现认识到别人的弱点比认识到自己的弱点更容易。
find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses　
③I on the bench under a big tree when I passed by.
我经过时，发现他正在一棵大树下的长凳上看书。
found him reading a book　
佳句 〔人教必修一〕I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
我发现我的大部分同学和老师很友好而且乐于助人。
句型公式：介词短语置于句首时的完全倒装
教材原句：Of equal importance are good study habits， useful skills and a positive attitude.
同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯，实用的技能和积极的态度。
写美 完成语段/句式升级
Then came the coughing and out she
rushed　
were hidden thousands of manuscripts， paintings and scrolls，
as well as silk embroideries　
sits the Grand Hotel
which opened in 1990　
（1）out， in， into， down， up， away， here， now， there， then等表示方位或时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主 语是名词时，句子要完全倒装。
（2）当作表语的介词短语、形容词、分词提到系动词前面时，句子 要全部倒装，构成“介词短语/形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。
（3）主语是人称代词时，句子的主谓不倒装。
佳句 Behind Zibo’s sudden fame are the efforts and services of the local government， as well as a good reputation of local businesses， which receive favorable reviews from visitors who share their experiences online.淄博突然成名的背后是当地政府的努力和服务，以及当地企业 的良好声誉，这些声誉得到了在线分享经历的游客的好评。
高效迁移 微点练全
一词多义/熟词生义
1. character n.品质，性格；特点；人物，角色；文字
①（2025·全国一卷）The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories， 10 to 20 pages each， with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
n.人物，角色　
②As Lao-Tzu wisely said， “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” You need to make a continuous effort to train your mind and develop your character.
③（2025·全国二卷）“My name， Qiuyu， combines the characters for autumn and rain in Chinese，” I began， my voice steady.
④Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar， either farm fields or highways， sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.
n.品质，性格　
n.文字　
n.特色，特点　
2. tip n.指点，实用的提示，建议；尖端；小费v.翻倒，倾斜
①（2025·北京卷）If you want to turn over a new leaf， though， one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”.
②To express my gratitude for her warm service， I gave her a $10 tip at the end of the meal.
③With the box tipping over， out came the little one， who was not shy and instantly got familiar with Poppy.

n.提示，建议　
n.小费　
vi.翻倒，倾斜　

④Just as the poor passengers on the real Titanic saw the tip of the iceberg， what we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge iceberg of film-making.
n.尖端　
adj.物
质的　
n.材料　
4. tough adj.艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的；（食物）嚼不烂 的；粗野的，粗暴的
①〔外研选必三〕He doesn’t appear to be particularly tough and sometimes looks as if he lacks confidence.
②（2025·北京卷）When was the last time you took on a tough choice？ Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly longer.
③He had attacked three people in the neighbourhood， earning himself a reputation as a tough guy.
④This kind of steak is so tough that it is not suitable for little children.
adj.坚强的　
adj.艰难的　
adj.粗野的，粗暴的　
adj.（食物）嚼不烂的　
5. The football player scored a goal in the last minute and their team won the match.
6. Hearing the alarm， all the students lined up and walked out of the classroom quickly.
7. I must check my bank balance to find out how much money I have in my card.
8. The company has its base in New York and branch offices all over the world.
n.进球得分　
n.警报　
n.余额　
n.总部　
9. It’s said that the poster was caught by the police for spreading rumors on the website.
10. This semester our school offers many options to the students， each of which appeals to many students.
n.发布消息的人　
n.选修课　
单句语法填空
1. （2025·全国二卷）Nevertheless， it serves as a （remind） that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability， and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
2. （2025·全国一卷）Moving goods and people around the world is responsible a large part of global CO2 emissions （排放）.
reminder　
for　
3. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed advance.
4. （2025·八省联考）Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city — in particular focusing what makes a successful urban community.
5. Among the collections （be） some delicate Chinese vases， which appeal to visitors from all over the world.
in　
on　
are　
单句语法填空
1. （2024·北京卷）It was fun.And when people started （clap）， that gave me a boost of confidence.
2. （2024·全国甲卷）It’s more （challenge） to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready， like cookies.
3. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）...Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.
clapping　
challenging　
that　
4. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published， it’s vital to submit a perfect， （profession） presented manuscript （原稿）.
5. We look forward to （welcome） you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances， art exhibitions and art-making activities.
professionally　
welcoming　
　应用文增分练——分享交换生经历
　　假定你是李华，一名在英国某中学的中国交换生。该校校刊正在 征集以“My Exchange Life and Dream”为主题的短文分享活动。请你 根据以下要点写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
　　（1）个人表现、心路变化；
　　（2）谈谈你的未来理想。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1. 作为一名在英国的交换生，我成长显著。（exchange）

2. 起初，我因文化差异而带来的挑战而感到焦虑，但渐渐地，我走出 了舒适区 —— 加入了学校的辩论社，并与寄宿家庭一同探索当地传 统。（形容词短语作状语；非谓语动词；exchange）
As an exchange student in the UK， I’ve grown remarkably.
Initially anxious about the challenges brought by cultural gaps， I gradually stepped out of my comfort zone — joining the school debate club and exploring local traditions with host family.
3. 我很勤奋，所以你总是可以看到我在充分利用学校各种资源学习， 比如，利用讲座厅听课或在实验室里专心做实验。（make the most of； resource； so ...that ...）
I am so diligent that you can always see me making the most of various school resources for my studies — for instance， attending lectures in the lecture hall or concentrating on experiments in the laboratory.
4. 我的目标是成为一名优秀的外科医生，致力于通过精准的手术和终 身学习拯救生命、减轻患者的痛苦。（主＋系＋表；goal）
　My goal is to be a great surgeon， dedicated to saving lives and relieving patients’ sufferings through precise operations and lifelong learning.　
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
　　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右 的短文。
　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　 　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
参考范文：
　　As an exchange student in the UK， I’ve grown remarkably.
　　Initially anxious about the challenges brought by cultural gaps， I gradually stepped out of my comfort zone — joining the school debate club and exploring local traditions with host family.Moreover， I am so diligent that you can always see me making the most of various school resources for my studies — for instance， attending lectures in the lecture hall or concentrating on experiments in the laboratory.
　　
　　My goal is to be a great surgeon， dedicated to saving lives and relieving patients’ sufferings through precise operations and the lifelong learning.
　读后续写微技能——携母同游，尽欢营畔
积累教材续写语料——有效强化教考衔接
词汇积累 情感描写：fortunately； alarm； acquire； positive； amazing→amazed→amazement； confidence→confident； rise to； look forward to
人物描写：responsible； professional
动作描写：advance； focus； remind； alarm
佳句积累 动作描写：Take advantage of your classes， learn from your teachers and classmates， and make use of our school facilities.
心理描写：I can’t wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like.
心理描写：I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was less advanced in the UK than in China.
主旨升华：Most importantly， your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential.
拓展续写话题素材——精准构建表达基石
情感描写：激动与兴奋
经典
词汇 1.dance v.雀跃　　　　　　2.skip vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走 　　　 3.cheer v.欢呼，喝彩→cheerful adj.欢快的
4.excite vt.使兴奋；使激动→excited adj.兴奋的；激动的 →excitedly adv.激动地→exciting adj.令人兴奋的；使人激动 的→excitement n.兴奋；激动
5.thrill n.激动；兴奋vt. & vi.（使）极为激动/兴奋→thrilled adj.非常激动的；兴奋的→thrilling adj.令人激动的
靓点
语块 1.cheer up 振奋起来，高兴起来　　
2.can’t conceal/hide one’s excitement 难掩激动　　
3.to one’s excitement/thrill 令某人激动的是　　
4.tears of happiness flowing down 流下幸福的泪水
5.feel a mixture of excitement and happiness 感觉既兴奋又开心
6.with/in excitement 激动地，兴奋地
7.contain one’s excitement 抑制内心的激动
8.a scream of thrill/excitement 激动的尖叫声
出彩 佳句 1.So thrilled was he that he could hardly speak. （部分倒装）
他激动得几乎说不出话来。
2.A shiver of excitement passed through her when she heard the news. （无生命名词作主语）
听到这个消息，她激动得颤抖。
3.A wave of excitement took hold of/seized/flooded over/swept over me. （无生命名词作主语）
一阵兴奋的浪潮席卷了我。
4.Dad embraced/hugged me tightly， words failing him.（独立主格结构）
爸爸紧紧地拥抱着我，说不出话来。
5.It was because we received beautiful birthday gifts that we jumped up and down in excitement.（强调句）
正是因为收到了漂亮的生日礼物，我们才兴奋地跳上跳下。
重拳锤炼续写场景——积累内化应用提升
　　场景导入：我们决定在河边露营。沿途的风景美得令人称奇，一 股兴奋劲儿涌上妈妈心头。每到一个新地方，妈妈都按捺不住内心的 激动……
　　The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us.We decided to camp along the river.The views on the journey were surprisingly beautiful， 1. （一股兴奋劲儿涌上妈妈心头）.Every time we got to a new place，
Mom 2. （都按捺不住内心的激
a wave of excitement taking hold of Mom　
could hardly contain her excitement　
动）， and would 3. （像个孩子一样开心起来）.She would get off the car， 4.
（兴奋地笑着、跳着）.The moment we arrived at the camping place， 5. （激动得尖叫起来）， Mom located a clearing and immediately guided us to pitch the tent.6. （眼里闪着激动的光芒）， we sat on the grass， enjoying the splendid nature.
cheer up like a child　
laughing and dancing around with 　
excitement
letting out ascream of thrill　
With eyes glittering/twinkling with excitement　
　　（2025·全国一卷，阅读B篇）In my ninth-grade writing
class last year， I met a cowboy who saved his town， a strict
father who demanded his son earn straight A’s， and a
modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once， I found myself wondering just how my students， who’d created these people， knew their subjects so well.
　　But things were different for their first essay， which was about the question：“Why is writing important？” Most of the essays filled less than one page， and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as
a thesis （论点） statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers， but writing， in and of itself， simply didn’t strike them as important.This would have to change.
　　As a new unit started， I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments， a personal- narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop， I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre （体裁） and that it
contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories， 10 to 20 pages each， with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
　　I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However， my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June， I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people， to put us in another’s skin， to teach us what it means to be human.
做真题——感悟命题角度
24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1？
A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents.
C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的a cowboy ...a modern-day Juliet以及my students， who’d created these people可推知，这些人物都是学生在写作中创作的角色，即虚构人物。
√
25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay？
A. They were not given enough time.
B. They had a very limited vocabulary.
C. They misunderstood the question.
D. They had little interest in the topic.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句中的writing， in and of itself， simply didn’t strike them as important可知，学生认为写作本身不重要。再结合第三段中的This time they found the exercise much more interesting.可推断，学生的第一篇文章写得不好是缺乏写作兴趣 导致表现不佳。
26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Mixed. B. Amazing.
C. Similar. D. Disturbing.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段末句可知，学生提交的长篇故事质量极高且情感动人。由此推断，画线词staggering意为“令人惊叹的”。
√
27. What does the author’s experience show？
A. Teaching is learning.
B. Still waters run deep.
C. Knowledge is power.
D. Practice makes perfect.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段前两句可知，文章讲述了教师认知转变的过程。由此推断，作者是通过教学实践获得对写作本质的新认知，体现了“教学相长”。
√
理脉络——构建篇章思维
再利用——拓宽词句积累
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1. thesis n. 论点 （课标外词汇）
2. narrative n. 叙事
adj. 叙述的 （课标外词汇）
3. significance n. 重要性 （课标外词汇）
4. interpret v. 解读
5. demonstrate v. 证明
6. fictional adj. 虚构的（课标外词汇）
7. in and of itself 本身，本质上
8. strike sb as 给某人留下……印象
9. walk away with 最终收获
10. put us in another’s skin 设身处地，换位思考
（二）由文本积派生（合成）词汇
1. specification n.规范；说明书 [spec（i）-＋词缀-fic＋后缀-ation]
2. persuasive adj.有说服力的 [persuade （v.）＋后缀-sive]
3. broaden v.拓宽 [broad （adj.）＋后缀-en]
4. heartbreak n.心碎 [heart （n.）＋break （v.）]
5. workshop n.车间；作坊 [work （v.）＋shop （n.）]
6. modern-day adj.现代的[modern （adj.）＋day （n.）]
（三）由文本知变式运用
1. subject [熟义] n.科目
→[生义] n. （第一段第二句）
2. strike [熟义] v.打击；罢工；撞击
→[生义] v. （第二段倒 数第二句）
3. staggering [熟义] adj.摇晃的；蹒跚的
→[生义] adj. （第三段第四句）
写作对象；表现对象；接受试验者　
给（某人以……）印象；让（某人）觉得　
令人吃惊的，惊人的　
4. skin [熟义] n.皮肤
→[生义] n. （第四段最后一句）
5. still [熟义] adv.仍然
→[生义] adj. （27题B项）
外壳；皮囊　
平静的；静止的　
（四）由文本探析长难句
1. In my ninth-grade writing class last year， I met a cowboy who saved his town， a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s， and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.
分析：本句为主从 。主句主干是主谓宾结构，“I met ...”；“a cowboy ...”，“a strict father ...”和“a modern- day Juliet ...”为三个并列 ，且每个都有一个who引导 的 从句，分别说明三个人物的特征或经历。可简单概括为： 我遇到了各种各样的人。
复合句　
宾语　
定语　
在我去年九年级的写作课上，我遇见了三位虚构人物：一位
拯救了家乡的牛仔，一位要求儿子全优的严父，以及一位因父母反对
而心碎而亡的现代版朱丽叶。　
后置定语　
后
置定语　
宾语　
当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本留言簿离开了教室，里
面满是关于写作最强大意义的信息——连接人心，让我们设身处地，
教会我们何为人类。　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2026·苏州九校联考）When preparing for a test， most students assume it’s best to simply study the material and try to memorize as much of it as possible.Many tests seemingly reward rote （死记硬背） memorization.But what if students trained by testing themselves instead？ Usually， studying is considered a safer bet； why risk producing wrong answers when you can just memorize the right one？ Yet it turns out making errors early on can be more helpful for remembering information over time.
　　Cognitive psychologists Henry Roddy Roediger and Jeff Karpicke conducted a study where they had hundreds of students memorize passages from a test-preparation book for the Test of English as a Foreign Language （TOEFL）.One group memorized these passages by reading them repeatedly， while another group read the passages several times and then completed three tests.The results were surprising： the students who repeatedly studied the material initially performed better， but when they were tested again a week later， the students who tested themselves recalled over 60％ of what they had learned， compared to only 40％ for the group who repeatedly studied.
　　The testing effect has since been confirmed in many studies under a range of conditions.Its value remains undoubted， but scientists are still debating why it has such a powerful effect on memory.The simplest explanation is that testing exposes our weaknesses.When we test our memories， we expose the weaknesses of existing neuronal （神经元的） connections in a way that ultimately strengthens what’s useful and removes what’s not， making the information we attempt to memorize more lasting and easier to recall.
　　To maximize the benefits of the testing effect， it’s important to return to the same information in shorter sessions over several days instead of cramming （塞进） everything into a single night of intense studying.This allows your brain to consolidate the information and create stronger memories.
　　In conclusion， testing is not just a tool for assessing your knowledge but also a powerful learning tool.By embracing errors and actively testing yourself， you can improve your learning and memory.So， instead of avoiding mistakes， embrace them as opportunities for growth and mastery.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了测试效应作为一种 有效的学习方法，通过自我测试可以提高记忆和学习效果。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了测试效应作为一种
有效的学习方法，通过自我测试可以提高记忆和学习效果。
1. What do we know about Henry and Jeff’s study？（　　）
A. Self-testing works only in tasks of memorizing things.
B. Those who repeatedly studied performed better later.
C. Rote memorization doesn’t work well in the long run.
D. The study focused mainly on how to prepare for TOEFL.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，死记硬背从长远来看效果并不好。
√
2. What is an effective way to study according to paragraph 4？（　　）
A. Avoiding making the same mistakes in tests.
B. Studying everything intensely on a single night.
C. Reviewing in shorter sessions over several days.
D. Focusing on what is most likely to be on the test.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，有效的学习方法是分几天进行短时间复习，而不是一晚上突击学习。由此推断，在几天内分多次短时段复习材料是有效的学习方法。
√
3. Which of the following is the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Cramming for Exams： A Safer Bet for Success
B. The Testing Effect： Why Practice Makes Perfect
C. The Power of Testing： An Effective Approach to Learning
D. The Secret of Learning： How Brains Process Information
解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段最后一句以及第三段第一句可知，文章的核心在于探讨测试作为一种有效的学习工具的力量，而且测试对学习和记忆的强大效果。因此C项适合作文章最佳标题。
√
B
　　（2026·湖南浏阳名校联盟联考）My high school experience was an exercise in frustration for everyone involved.I was in a lot of high-level classes because my test scores were superb， especially in languages.I never got less than an A on any language test — English， Spanish or French.Even a score under 95％ was very rare.
　　However， most of my language teachers found this irritating rather than encouraging because I didn’t pay attention in class.I drew during lectures and my homework grades were far from satisfactory due to me
almost never handing anything in.As an adult， I think many of them believed I had to be cheating， especially the one who refused to give me a bonus point on a test that would have raised my average score to an A for the quarter because I was not an A student on account of my study habits in her eyes.
　　My mom tended to force me to complete my piles of missing assignments during the last week of each quarter， so that I didn’t completely destroy my otherwise good grades.I had exactly one Spanish teacher who I was able to convince that I really was learning in class， regardless of what my pencil was doing at the moment.And it was completely by accident.
　　One day， she asked a general question in class.I was the only one to raise the hand to answer.I did so， and she replied in a somewhat stunned tone that I was correct.Why so surprised？ Because at no point in this process did I look up from the drawing I was working on with my other hand.I didn’t think she figured out that the drawing was actually helping me pay attention， but she at least realized it wasn’t damaging anything and stopped blaming me when she caught me drawing instead of taking notes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者高中时成绩优异但 上课不专心，常被老师误解。一位西班牙语老师偶然发现了作者这 种学习方式的优势。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者高中时成绩优异但
上课不专心，常被老师误解。一位西班牙语老师偶然发现了作者这
种学习方式的优势。
4. What was the author like while in high school？（　　）
A. He was appreciated by most teachers.
B. He was misunderstood for his learning style.
C. He usually relied on cheating in exams.
D. He did well in exams as well as homework.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，他因为学习方式而被误解。
√
5. Why did the teacher refuse to give the author a bonus point？（　　）
A. She looked down upon the author.
B. The author didn’t hand in his homework.
C. She thought the author didn’t deserve it.
D. The author always drew in class.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这位老师认为作者的学习习惯不好，不值得给他加分，即她认为作者不配得到这个加分。
√
6. How did the author’s mother treat him？（　　）
A. She convinced the teacher of his genuine learning.
B. She reminded him to be concentrated in class.
C. She was indifferent to his behaviour.
D. She pushed him to finish the missing homework.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，作者的妈妈会敦促作者完成未完成的作业。
√
7. Which words can best describe the Spanish teacher？（　　）
A. Tolerant and responsible.
B. Strict and humorous.
C. Capable and friendly.
D. Committed and cheerful.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知，她是一个宽容而且对学生负责的老师。
√
C
　　（2026·安徽安庆示范高中期中）Two years ago， a couple of high- school classmates worked a mathematical wonder.It was a trigonometric （三角函数） proof of the Pythagorean Theorem （毕达哥拉斯定 理）.Now， both 19， they’ve just reported finding 10 more proofs of it.For over 2，000 years， such proofs were considered impossible.That， however， didn’t discourage Ne’Kiya Jackson and Calcea Johnson.The two teens published their new ones on 28 October 2023 in American Mathematical Monthly.
　　“People have the impression that you have to be struggling for years and years before you can actually produce some new mathematics，” says Lozano-Robledo， a mathematician from the University of Connecticut.“But Jackson and Johnson show that you can make a surprise even as a high-school student.”
　　Mathematician Jason Zimba announced the first trigonometric-based proof of the Pythagorean Theorem in 2009.The second came six years later， from mathematician Nuno Luzia.These were the only two until
2022， when Jackson and Johnson presented their first proofs.The teens
first formally presented their work at an American Mathematical Society meeting in March 2023.Afterward， they set out to publish their findings in a peer-reviewed math journal.
　　“This proved to be the most awesome task of all，” Jackson and Johnson noted in their paper.They had to write up their work and learn new skills.“But working on their early proof and studying Zimba’s
inspired the creative process，” Jackson says.“From there we
developed additional proofs.”And， Johnson adds， “It was important to have our proofs published to show that our work is correct and respectable.”
　　Publishing the proofs was a big achievement.But that doesn’t mean the story is over.“Now， other people might take the paper and generalize those proofs， or generalize their ideas， or use their ideas in other ways，” Lozano-Robledo says.“It just opens up a lot of
mathematical conversations.” Jackson hopes that the proofs will inspire other students to see that barriers are part of the process.“Stick with it， and you might find yourself achieving more than you thought possible.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两名 19 岁的高中生 Ne’Kiya Jackson和Calcea Johnson在数学领域取得的惊人成就。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两名 19 岁的高中生
Ne’Kiya Jackson和Calcea Johnson在数学领域取得的惊人成就。
8. Why did the author quote the words of Lozano-Robledo in paragraph 2？（　　）
A. To praise the commitment of mathematicians.
B. To highlight the teens’ remarkable breakthrough.
C. To stress the difficulty of becoming an expert.
D. To compare the teens’ proofs with the previous ones.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可推知，作者引用Lozano-Robledo的话是为了突出这两名青少年在数学领域取得的非凡突破。
√
9. Which of the following words can best describe Jackson and Johnson？ （　　）
A. Organized and modest.
B. Creative and generous.
C. Understanding and knowledgeable.
D. Intelligent and determined.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段以及第四段中的But working on ... additional proofs.可推知，他们很聪明且富有创造力；再根据第四段前两句以及最后一段可推知，他们面对困难时坚持不懈，很有决心。
10. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？（　　）
A. The process of obtaining proofs.
B. The improvement of the theorem.
C. The impact of the teens’ achievement.
D. The summary of the teens’ findings.
解析：段落大意题。最后一段主要讨论了这两名青少年的成就所带来的影响。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2026·江苏盐城高三一模）Most people agree that college is the time when things change the most in their lives.Learning facts in school is important， but learning basic life skills is much more important for getting through these years and beyond.11. . 　　　　
　　Budgeting： Handling Money Like a Pro
　　Why is budgeting crucial？ Entertainment and takeaway can easily drain （耗尽） a budget， leaving nothing for groceries or textbooks.12. 　　 You can use a spreadsheet or a program to streamline
this process.Set aside money for food and entertainment to avoid overspending.Budgeting now might prepare you for financial independence after college.
　　Maintaining Physical and Mental Health： Self-care
　　In college， what is self-care？ Sleeping sufficiently， eating well， and exercising regularly are the basics.It may be difficult to prioritize these things while you’re busy， but doing so will boost your attitude and energy.
　　13. 　　 It’s not unusual to feel worried or stressed.Learning coping strategies can help students control anxiety.For students who might need it， several colleges also provide counseling services.Self-care is not selfish； rather， it is necessary for your optimum performance.
　　Communication Skills： Creating Strong Relationships
　　Why is talking to people so important？ 14. 　　 Good conversation skills can help you work with others on group projects， and they can also help you learn more in class when you talk to your teachers.
　　College teaches you more than just how to graduate.15. 　　 Today and tomorrow， knowing how to take care of yourself， manage your time， budget， and handle your time will be important.Learn these skills early to reduce anxiety.They will also help you prepare for post-college life.
A. It also prepares you for independence.
B. Of equal importance is mental health.
C. You need these skills to be a good adult.
D. You may struggle with money management.
E. Start budgeting by tracking income and expenses.
F. Good conversation builds trust and leads to close relationships.
G. Clearly say what you want to say when meeting teachers or possible employers.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在大学需要学会的基本 生活技能。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在大学需要学会的基本
生活技能。
11. C　上文着重突出生活技能的重要性。C项（你需要这些技能 来成为一个优秀的成年人）中的these skills和上文中的basic life skills相呼应。
12. E　本段介绍如何控制预算。E项（从跟踪收入和支出开始预算） 中的tracking income and expenses和下文中的this process相呼应。
13. B　本段主要讲述的是心理调节。B项（同样重要的是心理健康） 为实现从身体方面自我照顾到心理健康方面的自然过渡。
14. F　根据上文可知，接下来应该描述与人交谈重要性的原因。F项 （良好的对话可以建立信任，建立亲密关系）直接回答了上文提出的 问题，即为什么与人交谈重要。
15. A　根据上文可知，本空要表达的是除了毕业之外的其他收获， 再根据下文可知，这些能力对于独立生活很重要。A项（这也让你为 独立做好准备）承上启下。

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