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题型八　阅读表达
阅读表达是根据任务型教学设计而成的，介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型。它要求学生在阅读文章后能对文章中某些细节做到准确把握或对整篇文章进行提炼概括，是一种读写结合的题型。该题型主要考查学生的细节理解能力，要求学生能根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位信息并找到答案，且能用完整的句子、名词或名词性短语等准确作答。同时，该题型还考查学生对段落大意或文章中心思想的把握与归纳能力、对文章中特定句子的理解能力以及按照要求改写句子的能力(如句型转换、同义词替换)等。
01
题型解读　技巧点拨
02
真题演练　把脉考向
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当堂即练　精准提升
1．词汇识记
此类试题中的某些题目考查对单词的读音或含义的掌握，应明确任务类型，根据语境填写单词或猜测词义，并将所填写的单词或所猜测词义代入原文，检查语法、时态和语义是否符合逻辑。
2．代词指代
(1)确定指代对象。首先要分析上下文，明确代词所指代的对象是人还是物，避免误判。
(2)确定指代对象的数量。代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词，一定要在理解句意的基础上进行判断。
(3)确定指代范围。在认真阅读的基础上明确代词的指代范围。
3．同义句(词)替换
首先对比原句和改写后句子的句式结构，分析设空处对应原句的哪部分内容。确定是填入固定短语还是用同义句型转换，然后再进行同义改写。
4．连词成句
此类试题的突破口为题目中所给的标点符号。
(1)若所给标点为句号，则需要根据所给词汇判断是陈述句、there be句型、祈使句还是复合句。
(2)若所给标点为问号，则本句为疑问句。
特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他？
一般疑问句结构为：be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他？
(3)若所给标点为感叹号，则本句为感叹句。
5．句子翻译
(1)确定句子结构
根据句子内容，主要确定谓语动词，判断该句属于句子结构中的哪一种，不要被定语、状语等修饰成分干扰。
(2)使用正确搭配
由于谓语动词需要正确搭配，所以翻译时不能随意改变其固定搭配，也不能违背其习惯用法。
(3)注意修饰成分
除确保句子结构正确以外，定语、状语、插入语等必须翻译出来，最后核实表达是否符合语言表达习惯。
6．补全语段
此类试题要求学生将句子填入文中合适位置。明确所给句子句意，定位上下文衔接线索，代入文中，检查语义是否通顺，逻辑是否符合。
7．观点分析
此类试题可包括两种：一种是分析作者的态度，这就需要学生定位到原文，分析作者的情感倾向；另一种是给出一个观点，然后询问你对此观点的看法及原因，属于开放性试题。学生可根据文章内容，结合自己的实际情况作答，且无表述错误即可。需要注意的是，在回答部分有明显价值倾向的试题时，学生的回答应体现正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，答案一定要积极向上。
8．结构分析
此类试题的解题关键是明确各个段落的核心作用，再梳理段落间的逻辑关系、快速定位每个段落核心信息，明确其在文中的作用；通过“逻辑信号词”或“内容衔接”判断段落组合方式。
9．主旨归纳
此类试题会询问学生从故事中学到什么或对文章进行标题归纳。学生要通读全文，提炼出文章的主旨。
1．通读全文，把握大意
快速浏览文本，标记主题句、关键细节(如观点、事件、逻辑词)，明确语篇核心内容(如是观点讨论、故事叙述还是信息说明)，避免后续答题偏离主旨。
2．分题型解题步骤
(1)词汇识记题
a.辨考查形式。明确题干要求。
b.看语法逻辑。
c.猜词汇意思。根据上下文语境对一个单词或短语的意义进行推断。将所填单词代入原文，保证句子语法(如主谓一致、时态)正确。
(2) 代词指代题
a.析上下文定对象。根据代词所在句及上下文，判断指代“人/物”。
b.辨数量/范围。分析指代“可数/不可数名词”，明确是“单数/复数”，锁定具体指代内容(如“them”指上文复数名词)。
(3)同义句(词)替换题
a.比结构找对应。对比原句与改写句的句式，定位“空缺对应原句哪部分(短语/句型)”。
b.换同义保逻辑。用固定短语、同义句型替换(如“go to school on foot ＝ walk to school”)，确保替换后语义一致。
(4)连词成句题
a.看标点定句型。依据标点(句号→陈述句/there be句型/祈使句/复合句；问号→疑问句；感叹号→感叹句)判断句子结构。
b.析词汇搭结构。识别词汇词性(动词考虑谓语、名词考虑主/宾)，按“主谓宾/主系表”或疑问句/感叹句结构，组合词汇(优先固定搭配，如“be动词＋主语”“特殊疑问词＋助动词”)，调整语序组成完整句子。
(5)句子翻译题
a.抓主干辨结构。找谓语动词，确定“主谓宾/主系表”等五种基本结构，忽略定语、状语，避免受到干扰。
b.守搭配译修饰。谓语动词按固定搭配翻译，定语、状语等修饰成分按语言习惯前置/后置，核查“语法正确＋语义通顺”。
(6)补全语段题
a.定位上下文线索。找上下文中的复现词及逻辑信号词。
b.验证语义逻辑。将句子代入原文，观察上下文是否衔接，语义是否通顺，逻辑是否符合。
(7)观点分析题
a.定位观点。找到题干提及的 “观点内容” 在原文对应的段落，精读并理解观点本质。
b.开放观点类还需学生关联自身/价值观。结合原文逻辑，从 “合理、积极价值观” 出发(如体现正确的三观)，组织“观点＋原因”的回答(原因可根据原文细节、生活常识推导)，确保自圆其说、语句通顺。
(8)结构分析题
a.定段落功能。定位段落核心信息，明确其在文中的作用(如总起段、分述段、总结段)。
b.理篇章逻辑。通过逻辑信号词或内容衔接判断段落的组合方式，匹配选项中的结构描述。
(9)主旨归纳
a.通览全文，了解文章中心思想。
b.找到升华主旨的句子进行归纳。
c.用第一口吻的语气进行书写。
3．复读核对
检查回答是否贴合原文、题型要求；检查时态、主谓一致、拼写，确保语句无误，逻辑连贯。
(2024·西宁) China has a good relationship with Africa.It's been 61 years since China sent medical teams to help African people.It has become a bridge of friendship between China and Africa.
Qinghai Province has sent medical teams to help African people for 37 years so far.About 13 medical workers are sent there every year. Ma Youcai, from Qinghai Red Cross Hospital，was one of them.He volunteered in Burundi (布隆迪) which is a small country in Africa. He said，“Life in Burundi was very difficult and challenging because of cultural differences，poor working and living conditions.①However,
Chinese doctors have been providing African people with medical care for many years and have built deep friendships with them. ②I feel happy because ________________. I'd like to go there again if I have one more chance.”
How great we Chinese people spread love and hope all over the world!
1．请根据文意，在下句空白处填入一个数字，使句意完整，符合逻辑。
About ________________________________ medical workers in total from Qinghai have been sent to help Africans so far.
481/four hundred and eighty-one
2．What made Ma Youcai's life hard in Burundi
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．请根据文意，找出①句中下划线单词“them”所指代的内容。
_______________
Cultural differences, poor working and living conditions made his life
hard in Burundi. /Cultural differences, poor working and living conditions.
African people.
4．请根据文意，在②句空白处填入一个合适的句子，使句意完整，符合逻辑。
________________________________________________________________________
I can help people in need with my knowledge(符合文意，表达无误，
即可得分)
5．请根据文意，为本文拟一个合适的标题(不超过5个词)。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Relationship Between China (Qinghai) and Africa (Burundi)/Qinghai's
(Chinese) Medical Teams in Africa/Medical Help(Care) to Africa/Chinese
Doctors in Africa/Friendship Between China and Africa/The Story of
Ma Youcai(符合文意，表达无误，即可得分)
①Have you ever made New Year's resolutions before According to a survey, 27% of the teenagers set themselves one or more New Year's resolutions at the start of the year, especially in January. Is January the right time to set New Year's resolutions (1)
②Some think January is a better time because it's a fun tradition to discuss New Year's resolutions with their family and friends at the start of the year. If you all set (A)them at different times, you won't have the same topic (话题) with others. (2) Besides, the more you put it off, the less possible it is that you'll decide what you really want to do. By the time you've decided, you'll have less time to achieve your goals.
③However, others have different ideas. They think January is always a cold and dark month when teenagers just want to stay indoors. (3) What's more, they should make resolutions any time they want. If they wait a bit longer, they'll have a better idea of what they want to do. One study showed that by the end of January, 20% of the teenagers had failed to stick to their resolutions. So if they are given more time, they won't get discouraged or give up.
④All in all, whether you make resolutions in January or later, please remember they help to make you a better person and to make your life easier. So just be brave to make and keep them!
阅读短文，根据题目要求完成下列任务。
1．用英文写出文中(A)处画线词them所指代的内容：______________________
2．在文中(1) (2) (3)处，选出能够填入“Should teenagers wait a little longer before deciding what they want？”的最佳位置：________
New Year's resolutions
(1)
3．Which is the best structure of this passage ________ (①＝ Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2...)
√
4．What is the writer's attitude (态度) towards the topic？________
A.Uninterested. B．Worried.　　 C．Unsure.
√
5．Do you think January is the right time for New Year's resolutions Why or Why not (Please write in your own words.)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yes, I do. Because they are called New Year's resolutions, not Half-Year
resolutions./Because I will have more time to achieve my goals./
Because I will have the same topic with my friends and family.
No, I don't. Because I will have more time to decide what I want to do./
Because if I have more time, I won't give up.(符合文意，表达无误，
即可得分)
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