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(共29张PPT)
题型三　还原阅读
还原阅读常见题型为5选5、6选5、7选5。体裁以说明文、记叙文为主。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。语篇模式也较为固定：依次是提出问题、分析问题、提供解决方案，主要考查考生的做题技能和阅读判断能力。考查的方向大致可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。
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题型解读　技巧点拨
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真题演练　把脉考向
03
当堂即练　精准提升
根据设空位置
设空位置 技巧 典例
设空处在段首 ◎正确答案可能是段落的主题句。解题时认真阅读下文内容，概括段意，选择与段落内容一致的“主题句”选项 ◎正确答案可能与下文存在并列、转折、因果或解释等逻辑关系。解题时着重阅读后文第一、二句锁定关键词，然后在选项中查找相关联的词汇，通常正确答案与空后的第一句在意思上紧密衔接 ◎正确答案可能为段落间的过渡句。这时要瞻前顾后寻找线索，阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾相衔接并连接下一段内容 ________ If someone asks you to do something, think: “Is this worth my time Can someone else do it instead？”
A.That can use up much of your time.
B.You easily feel like giving up when you look at a long list of work.
C.Choose the most important tasks first.
D.Sometimes learn to say “no”．
E.If you feel energetic in the morning, do hard tasks then.
分析：根据下文“If someone asks you to do something”可知，空处需要提出应对他人请求的建议；D项准确概括了该段主旨。故选D。
设空位置 技巧 典例
设空处在段中 段中设空往往是主题句的展开句，其特点是补充上文的具体事实、事例或是用来承上启下的过渡句，解题时要结合段落主旨，认真研读空处的前后句，根据空处前后的逻辑关系、句式结构以及内容的连贯性等确定答案。注意选项和前后句之间的词汇复现、同义转换及指代关系等 Human-technology integration (融合) specialist
With all the new technologies on offer, people may need help to understand and use them. So human-technology integration specialists might be very important. ________ They would look at all the technologies a person could use and advise on the best ones and how to get the most out of them.
A.It will soon come true for many people.
B.They will need engineers for their “minds”．
C.They could teach others how to use future technologies.
D.So have you ever wondered what future jobs might be wanted
E.The person who will do this job has to be a good communicator.
分析：本题为段中设空，C项中的They指代前一句中的specialists，且选项中的technologies为该段落的主题词，符合语境。故选C。
设空位置 技巧 典例
设空处在段尾 ◎设空的前一、二句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词 ◎正确答案通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的信号词或短语，如as a result，in short，in a word，all in all等。也可通过寻找选项中与段首相呼应的同义表达确定答案 ◎正确答案可能是引出下一段内容的句子。如果在选项中找不出与上文之间的关联，则可考虑与下一段开头是否有关联，认真阅读下一段开头几句看是否与某个选项相互衔接 Some of the jobs which were common fifty years ago are almost not seen now, and some that are popular today may disappear in twenty years. ________
Space tour guide...AI psychologist...Human-technology integration (融合) specialist
A.It will soon come true for many people.
B.They will need engineers for their “minds”．
C.They could teach others how to use future technologies.
D.So have you ever wondered what future jobs might be wanted
E.The person who will do this job has to be a good communicator.
分析：本题为首段尾句设空，下文的内容均为介绍未来的职业，与D项的关键词相衔接，还原后与前一句的逻辑关系一致，语义连贯，D项符合语境。故选D。
利用关键词和代词
选项中的关键词可能与文章中的某些词汇词义重复，或者意思相近。这些关键词可以作为匹配的线索。主要的关键词有名词和动词，其作为主要的线索特征常以词汇复现的形式来提供线索，词汇复现一般包括：原词复现、派生词复现、同畴词复现、同义词复现及反义词复现等。此外，代词的使用也需要注意，如“it”“they”等代词所指代的对象通常在上文出现过，通过找到代词的指代对象可以确定选项的位置。
技巧 典例
原词复现：原词复现是指某一词汇在空处前后或选项中重复出现。可根据这一重复出现的词汇，结合原文与选项确定正确答案 　　First, doing chores helps children learn to be independent. Parents can't stay by their children's side all the time.________ And these skills will help them be ready for the day when they go to college or take care of their own houses.
A.Should children do chores
B.Chores are good for children.
C.What chores should children do
D.That helps them build team spirit.
E.Children need to learn the necessary life skills to be independent.
分析：根据下文内容可知，此处所填内容应与skills有关，再结合备选项可知，E项中的skills为该词的复现。故选E。
技巧 典例
派生词复现：派生词复现是指空处前后句中词汇和选项中词汇的关系为派生关系，即可通过构词法转换。如：prepare与preparation; introduce与introduction等 　　Sound is not the only difference. Words sometimes have different meanings, too.________ Americans drive trucks, but in England people drive lorries.
A.English is widely used in China.
B.It can also happen to other languages like French.
C.For example, the vocabulary for cars and driving is very different.
D.They say “Have you a pen？”
E.English in these two countries is different only in sound.
分析：根据最后一句可知，空处所讲内容与开车有关，结合选项可知，C项中的driving是文章中的drive的派生词。故选C。
技巧 典例
同畴词复现：同畴词复现是指空处前后句中词汇和选项中词汇为同一范围的词汇。如：watch与clock；sweater, jacket与coat等。注意阅读空处前后，锁定关键词 　　Apart from being tableware, chopsticks can also be a great gift. ________ Newlyweds (新婚夫妇) sometimes receive chopsticks as a wedding gift. Skilled craftsmen paint beautiful images on chopsticks to make them look like fine artworks.
A.People should not make noise with chopsticks.
B.Learn the rules and traditions behind chopsticks.
C.Doing it at the dinner table is believed to bring bad luck.
D.But chopsticks are not just simple tools to pick up food.
E.In Chinese, “chopsticks” reads “kuaizi”， which means “have babies soon”．
分析：根据下文内容可知，E项中的babies与文中的Newlyweds是同畴词，都和人物身份相关。故选E。
技巧 典例
同义词复现：同义词复现是指空处前后句中词汇与选项中某一词汇为同义词关系。如：start与begin等 　　“Buy Nothing Day” is usually on the fourth Friday in November. ________ “Buy nothing” means “make no rubbish”. Do you want to join them
A.This is Children's Day.
B.Then you can remember these special days and do something green.
C.We have a national holiday.
D.“Earth Day” is on April 22nd.
E.On this day, many people don't buy anything.
分析：根据上文Buy Nothing Day并结合选项可知，E项中的“don't buy anything”和Buy Nothing为同义关系。故选E。
技巧 典例
确定人称代词和指示代词等所指代的具体内容 　　Third，doing chores makes it possible for children to develop good relationships with their family, friends and partners. Doing chores together with family can make children more caring for their family. And they begin to learn their responsibility in a family or a group. ________They will know that if they work together as a team, things will be completed quicker and better.
A.Should children do chores B.Chores are good for children.
C.What chores should children do D.That helps them build team spirit.
E.Children need to learn the necessary life skills to be independent.
分析：根据上文“And they begin to learn their responsibility in a family or a group.”可知，空处所讲内容与在家庭或者小组内开始学习责任感有关，结合备选项可知，D项中的That指代“begin to learn their responsibility in a family or a group”，表示责任感对他们的好处。故选D。
理清逻辑关系
常见的逻辑关系：并列/递进关系(and, also, besides, not only... but also..., in addition to)、因果关系(because, because of, for, since, as, so, as a result, therefore, for this reason)、转折/让步关系(but, however, yet, though, although, even if/though)、解释例证关系(in other words, that is to say, in fact, such as, for example)或举例推理关系。
逻辑关系 典例
并列/递进关系 　　You don't cover your mouth while coughing. According to Live Science, one cough can release (释放) as much as 3，000 droplets of saliva (唾液). ________ Covering your mouth is not a choice but an absolute must.
A.You listen to music without headphones.
B.Some little things can hurt your image.
C.Some serious things may hurt your image.
D.And they can fly as fast as 50 miles per hour.
E.Don't mind your behavior and do as you like.
分析：根据上下文语境可知，空前介绍的是唾液，而空后介绍咳嗽时必须捂嘴，以防止唾液传播，空处应与前文内容描述一致，介绍唾液的相关内容，D项符合语境。故选D。
逻辑关系 典例
举例推理关系 　　Music is good for people.________ Light music can help us relax. Some pop music can make us feel happy. You can listen to it, or take up playing an instrument in your spare time.
A.Be kind and smile.
B.Be active and happy.
C.Exercise can keep you happy.
D.There are different kinds of it.
E.Many reasons can explain why people like to have pets.
分析：根据下文列举“Light music...Some pop music...”可知，空处应该与音乐的种类有关，结合选项可知，D项符合语境。故选D。
逻辑关系 典例
转折/让步关系 　　You may have already forgotten the days when you had to learn how to use chopsticks. Every Chinese kid struggles with them for some time. ________ They come with their own special rules and traditions.
A.People should not make noise with chopsticks.
B.Learn the rules and traditions behind chopsticks.
C.Doing it at the dinner table is believed to bring bad luck.
D.But chopsticks are not just simple tools to pick up food.
E.In Chinese, “chopsticks” reads “kuaizi”， which means “have babies soon”．
分析：根据上文“Every Chinese kid struggles with them for some time.”可知，中国的孩子都要和筷子斗争一番，再结合下文内容可知，筷子有它们自己特殊的规则和传统，所以筷子不仅仅是一个简单的吃饭工具，空处内容与上文内容构成转折关系，D项符合语境。故选D。
把握上下文语境
技巧 典例
结合与上文/下文关系推断 　　Lots of students are too busy doing their homework to help out with housework. So, many parents want to know if they should give their children chores. Well, there's no need to worry. ________ First, doing chores helps children learn to be independent...And it should be on the top of the list. Now, my friends, are you ready to help
A.Should children do chores B.Chores are good for children.
C.What chores should children do D.That helps them build team spirit.
E.Children need to learn the necessary life skills to be independent.
分析：根据下文可知，节选内容介绍了孩子做家务的好处以及让孩子做家务的必要性，再结合选项可知，B项符合语境。故选B。
1．速读全文，锚定主旨与结构
通读全文，尤其是首尾两段，掌握整篇文章的主旨大意。优先精读首尾段(明确主题、观点或结论)，再速读中间段落，重点关注段落首句(往往是段落主旨)和逻辑关联词(如 however，therefore，in addition 等)，以此判断文章的论述逻辑(如总分、对比、因果等)。遇到生词或复杂句暂时跳过，通过上下文语境推测含义，避免因纠结细节中断阅读节奏。
2．细析选项，拆解关键信息与功能
通读全文之后，考生应分析选项，逐句精读选项，确保准确把握核心意思(避免因歧义导致误判)，并标记选项中的关键信息。
3．精准匹配，依托语境与逻辑衔接
三大匹配依据。(1)主题一致：选项内容需与空白处所在段落的主旨相关。(2)逻辑连贯：利用上下文的逻辑关联词判断衔接关系。比如，空前出现 “however”，说明前后是转折关系，选项需体现与上文的对比；若出现 “for instance”，则选项大概率是举例内容。(3)信息呼应：选项中的锚点(如人名、术语)需与空白处上下文的信息形成呼应。
(2023·西宁)Hi, boys and girls! You'll finish your junior high school and have a new beginning. Are you ready for the future 1.________
First, make a plan. 2.________ Senior high school is quite different. So you'd better plan your time wisely.
3．________ Everybody is special in the world. You should know what you are good at and make efforts. If so, you will be able to build up confidence.
B
C
A
Then, be kind. 4.________ they will show kindness to you.
Finally, smile often. A pleasant smile is the best language. What will you do when someone smiles at you 5.________
A.Second, be confident.
B．Here are some suggestions.
C.A good plan is half the success.
D.If you are kind to others，
E.It's polite to return a sweet smile.
D
E
Most of us have learned the virtue (美德) of honesty from some stories. The story of Pinocchio teaches the importance of telling the truth to us. Every time Pinocchio lies, his nose grows longer. These types of stories show children that “honesty is the best”. 1.________ The fact is that people lie for many reasons.
B
One reason people lie is to hide a mistake. While it is true that everyone does something wrong from time to time, some people do not have the courage to admit their mistakes because they are afraid that they will be blamed (责备). For example, students might lie to their teachers about unfinished homework. They might say that they left the homework at home. 2.________ These students do not want to get in trouble, so they make up an excuse.
A
3．________ Parents, particularly those with young children, may teach their children to use this type of “protective” lie in certain circumstances (状况). 4.________ Many parents teach their children to explain that their mother and father are too busy to come to the phone at that time. In this situation, a protective lie can mean greater safety.
E
D
5．________ Lying to keep the peace or to stay safe can have positive results. However, lying to stay out of trouble can lead to more trouble in the end. Understanding the motives behind the impulse (冲动) to lie might minimize this habit of lying.
C
A.In fact, they did not do the homework at all.
B.But why do so many people lie
C.People lie for many reasons, both good and bad.
D.What should children do if a stranger calls while their parents are out
E.Another reason for lying has to do with self-protection.
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