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2026中考语法考点梳理
（考前冲刺回顾）
名词
名词的数
单数变复数易错点
story---stories（辅音字母+y） toy---toys（元音字母+y） leaf---leaves（f和fe结尾） life---lives
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes hero---heroes（以o结尾的有生命加es）
单复数同形
deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese
国人变化
Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen
American -----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians
不规则变化
mouse---mice child---children man---men woman---women foot---feet
名词作定语和复合名词
apple trees women teachers He is a three-year-old boy. He is three years old.
（二）名词的格
1. ’s 所有格
1). 共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后加“’s.” 名词单数
This is Mary and Lily’s bedroom .
2). 分别拥有，分别在每个名词后加“’s.” 名词复数
These are Tom’s and Jack’s school bags .
3). 以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”,不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s”
Teachers’ Day Children’s Day
4). 表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加 ’s 代表全称。
at the doctor’s at the Bob’s
5). 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格。
an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital
of 所有格：
1). of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格
the map of China the door of the room
2). 双重所有格
of + 名词所有格 of + 名词性的物主代词
a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友 a friend of mine我的一位朋友
（三）不可数名词
1.常考不可数名词
advice information news fun work furniture paper bread chocolate
food rice cheese glass玻璃 money meat chicken traffic
2.数量表达
只可加可数名词：many, too many, a few, few, a number of
只可加不可数名词：much, too much , a bit of, a little, little, a great deal of, a large amount of
既可加可数也可加不可数：some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, all, the rest of
量词单位表达
不可数名词：名词不要变复数，只变单位词 a piece of paper 一张纸 three pieces of paper 三张纸
可数名词：名词和单位词都可以变复数 a bag of apples two bags of apples
主谓一致：由单位词的量决定 There is a bag of apples. There are two bags of apples.
冠词（a/an/the/零冠词）
1、不定冠词（根据发音选择a和an）
以元音字母开头却发辅音，用a：a one-year-old baby a European country a university a uniform a UFO
以辅音字母开头却发元音，用an：an honest boy an hour an honor
字母s,x,m,n,f等用an： There is an ‘s’ in the word.
在序数词前表示“又一，再一”：I have tried three times. Let me try a fourth time.
泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any: A horse is an animal
泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物: A girl is waiting for you.
定冠词
在姓氏复数前，表一家人：The Whites 怀特一家
用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前：play the piano弹钢琴
用在世纪或"世纪+年代"名词前：in the1960s在20世纪60年代
最高级、序数词、方位、独一无二：on the right/left in the middle in the east
普通名词构成的专有名词：the Great Wall 长城 the United States 美国 the USA
某些形容词前，表示一类人：the young the rich
固定搭配：the same相同的 the only唯一 the rest of剩下的 at the age of在....岁时
如果考试犹豫不决时，可以采用翻译方式，如果能翻译成“这个，那个，这些，那些”那就用the
注意：Beijing, the capital of Beijing, is a city with a long history.
Mo Yan, a famous writer, comes from a small village.
三、代词
注意：
动前主，动介后宾
主格 +谓语动词+其他 主语+谓语+宾语 for/of/in/about/with等+宾格
形物代+名词，名物代不加名词，its和his要留意（做题要留意空后是否有名词）
my/her/its/their/our/your+名词=mine/hers/theirs......
注意：
常考搭配
enjoy oneself（要注意单复数） by oneself teach oneself help oneself to（要注意单复数）
2.不作定语，myself car错，my own car对
3.反身代词作宾语要与主语一致
it one that 辨析
1.it、one、that都可以用来指代上文提到的人或物。
2.it指代同类同物;
one指代同类异物;
that指代单数可数名词或不可数名词(相当于“the+名词”)，常用于比较结构。
如：
1、There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow it
No. I’d rather buy one in the bookshop.
What do you think of the weather in Suzhou
It’s warmer and wetter than that in Beijing.
it作形式主语
注意：it做形式主语，要注意和there be句型区分，如：_______was not simple to ......;________was no space......
关键是看形容词和名词
不定代词
both, either, neither,all, none
both 两者都；谓语复数 Both of the boys are clever. Both my mother and father are busy.
either 两者中的任意一个 either of+名词复数/人称代词宾格，谓语动词通常用单数 Either of the books is popular with the students.
neither 两者中没有一个，表否定 neither of+名词复数/人称代词宾格，谓语动词通常用单数 Neither of the books is popular with the students.
none 三者或三者以上都不.... 谓语动词由名词（复数/不可数）决定 None of us is/are afraid of difficulties. None of the money on the table is mine.
all 三者或三者以上，全部都 谓语动词由名词（复数/不可数）决定 All of the books are worth reading. All of the water there is polluted.
each 指“每一个”，强调个体 each of+代词宾格/名词复数，谓语动词用单数 Each of the students in our class likes swimming.
every 指“每一个”，强调整体 every student 不能说every of students
另外：either...or....和neither....nor....谓语要遵循就近原则
2.a few, few, a little, little
肯定意义 否定意义 所跟名词
a few一些，几个 few几乎没有 可数名词复数
a little一点儿 little几乎没有 不可数名词
注意：just, only, still 用a few或a little
the first few days（有修饰词要把a去掉，依然表示肯定概念）
3.other、the other、another、others 与the others 的用法辨析
1.other意为“其他的、别的”。other+复数名词 any other+单数名词
2.the other意为“两者中的另一个”。做题时要注意名词的数
3.another意为“另外的，再一，又一”，泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个。注意another two days
4.others泛指“其他的/另外的人/物"(指大部分)，常与some搭配构成“some...others....。做题要留意空格后是否有名词，others不加名词。
5.the others表示特指某范围内的“其余的人/物”，(指全部)。做题要注意是否是剩余的全部
复合不定代词
some any no every
thing something anything nothing everything
one someone anyone no one everyone
body somebody anybody nobody everybody
1.单数谓语三单；形容词后置something new; 后可加to do something to eat；
2.肯定句用some...,否定和疑问多用any....，但要注意any....在肯定句中表“任意....”
除此以外，还要特别留意语境判断是否需要用everything或nothing
四、形容词和副词
形容词易错点
注意：make/keep+adj. Sports make me healthy.
2.形容词与名词的转换
(1)名词加后缀变为形容词
1.在名词后-y：wind-windy, sun-sunny, luck-lucky, cloud-cloudy, noise-noisy, health-healthy...
2.在名词后加-ly：day-daily, week-weekly, month-monthly, friend-friendly, love-lovely...
3.在动词或名词后加-ful：help--helpful, thank---thankful, beauty--beautiful, care-careful, use-useful...
4.在方位名词后加-ern: east-eastern, south-southern, north-northern, west-western
5.在名词后加-less,变成否意义的形容词。如:hope-hopeless, use-useless, care-careless
(2)形容词加后缀变为名词
1.形容词加-ty变成名词。如:safe-safety, difficult-difficulty
2.形容词加-th变成名词。如:warm-warmth, young-youth, true-truth
3.形容词加 -ness 成名词。如:ill-illness, weak-weakness, good-goodness, kind-kindness，happy-happiness...
4.形容词加 -ence/-ance 变成名词。如: different-difference, important-importance...
（3）-ing形容词和-ed形容词的比较
-ing形容词：用于修饰事物，如an interesting story
-ed形容词：用于表示人的情绪和感受，如I never feel bored in her class.
注意：
It is adj. (for/of sb) to do sth.（这里的形容词需要用-ing形式）
另外，注意副词形式excitedly
辨析
too much与much too的用法辨析:
too much表示“太多的"，修饰事物数量
much too表示"太过，过分”，修形容词或副词
That coat is much too dear. //I am full because I have had too much rice.
lonely与alone的用法辨析:
lonely是表示心理活动的形容词，意思是:“孤独的，寂寞的”
alone 的意思是: “独自的，单独的”
He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely. // He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.
副词易错点
如: Unluckily, he hurt his leg. // He runs too fast. // They often laugh loudly.
辨析：
(1) already、yet 的用法辨析:
在完成时中，already一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句，yet还可以表转折。
如:Have you done it already 你已经做好了 // I have not had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早饭呢。
(2)hard、hardly 的用法辨析:
hard作为副词意思是:“努力地，猛烈地”，hardly是否定词，意思是:“几乎不”
如:They study English very hard. 他们英语学得刻。
You can hardly see a person spit in a public place. 在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰。
(3)so、such的用法辨析
so 修饰形容词或副词，so+adj./adv.+that从句
such 修饰名词，such+(a/an)+adj.+名词+that从句
如：
My brother runs so fast that I can't follow him.// He is such a clever boy that he can solve some difficult problems.
enough用法
名前形副后：enough money big enough
enough加to do I don’t have enough money to buy this car.
also, either, too, as well辨析
肯定句句中：also
肯定句句末：too（逗号） as well
否定句句末：either
如：My father is a teacher. My mother is also teacher.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too.
I can’t speak French…… Jenny can’t speak French，either.
（6）sometime，sometimes，some time与some times的区别
sometime：表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间，可用于一般将来时或一般过去时
sometimes：有时（频率副词）
some time：一段时间（表示时间长度）
some times：几次，几倍（表示次数和倍数）
如：We’ll have a test sometime next month.（下个月的某个时间）
Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.（频率）
He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.（时间长度）
I have been to Beijing some times.（几次）
比较级和最高级易错点
1.原级的判断
(1)由表示程度的副词 very, so, too, enough,quite 等修饰时，用形容词原级。
如:The film is too boring.这部电影太无聊了。
表示两者在某一方面相同或不同时用原级。具体用法如下
as十原级十as十B，意为“A与B一样......”，表示相同或相等
My best friend is as tall as her mother. 我最好的朋友和她妈妈一样高。
not十so/as十原级十as十B，意为“A不及B那样......”，表示不如或不相等
This red skirt is not so/as beautiful as that blue one. 这条红色的短裙不如那条蓝色的漂亮。
2.比较级的判断
(1)比较级标志词：than
(2)由表程度的副词a little,a bit, a lot, much, even, far, rather, 等修饰，多用形容词或副词的比较级（但做题时还是要根据语境判断是比较级，如今年一模题虽然有even，但根据语境用最高级）
(3)the+比较级，the+比较级（越...就越...）；比较级+and+比较级（taller and taller; more and more popular）;
注意：more younger(错的) more不能加比较级，而是加多音节词构成比较级
3.最高级的判断
(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，句末常跟一个in/of/among短语来表示范围。
如：He is the tallest boy in our class.
=He is taller than any other boy in our class.
=He is taller than the other boys in our class.
(2)one of the +最高级+名词复数
如：He is one of the tallest students in the class.
(3)the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词
如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .
4.不规则变化
good/well---better-best bad-worse-worst far-farther/further-farthest/furthest little-less-least
many/much-more-most
注意：farther和farthest:（指距离）更远、最远
further和furthest：（指程度）进一步；最深刻 further study
五、时态
六种常考时态的构成及用法
（一）一般现在时
结构：1.主语十am/is/are十其他 2.主语十动词原形/动词单三形式十其他
标志词：1.频度副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly
2.频率词组:once a year, twice a month, three times a day等
3.其他词组:on Sundays, at/on weekends, every day/year.. (every 系列)
（二）一般过去时
结构：主语十was/were+其他 2.主语+动词过去式十其他
标志词:
ago；yesterday ；last；just now；in the past；in 1920 ；long long ago
（三）一般将来时
结构：1.主语十will/shall+动词原形+其他 2.主语+be going to十动词原形+其他
标志词：tomorrow, soon ，next week/month...(next 系)， in 2022, in+一段时间，one day， in the(near) future（四）现在进行时
结构：主语十am/is/are十动词现在分词+其他
标志词：now， right now，at present， at this time，at the/this moment，these days ，while，Look! Listen !
（五）过去进行时
结构：主语十was/were十动词现在分词十其他
标志词：at that time, at ten yesterday, at this time yesterday，when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句
（六）现在完成时
结构：主语十has/have十动词过去分词十其他
标志词：
already, ever, never, just, yet, still
recently, lately, so far, up to/ till now
in the past/last three years/..
since 1998, since-+ 时间点/一般过去时句子
for three years, for+-段时间
时态判断依据：
时间状语、并列连词、从句时态原则、上下文时态一致原则，注意直接引语根据说话内容语境判断
1.先判断谓语还是非谓语，谓语判断时态和语态，非谓语注意搭配和固定句式
2.从句时态判断
宾语从句：主现从随意；主过从过；客观真理永一现
条件状语从句：主将从现，主祈从现，主现从现，主情从现
时间状语从句：主将从现；主过从过
注意：when/while/after/before+doing
现在完成时属于“现”不属于“过”
六、被动语态
1.被动语态结构：be done（语法选择中如果有被动选项，那么就要考虑时态和语态，如果动词后本应该接人或物却没有，那么就是被动语态）
2.主动省to，被动还原to的情况
动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch/watch sb. do
如：make sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sth
The boss made the workers work all day
The workers were made to work all day by the boss.
3.need/ require/want的被动有两种情况
如：need to be done/ need doing
The flower needs to be watered./The flower needs watering.
4.没有被动的情况：happen, belong to, take place,sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well
七、非谓语动词
非谓语动词：to do 未来、未做、目的；doing进行、习惯、已做； done被动、完成
动词不定式
1.常接to do的动词：want; force; invite; afford; expect; decide; promise; fail; manage; refuse; pretend; agree; would like; prepare; wish; hope; choose; start; begin; encourage; advise; allow sb. to do sth./allow doing sth.; warn；
省略to的情况：一感（feel）；二听(hear, listen to)；三让(have，let, have)； 四看（watch, see,notice,look at）
在被动语态中要还原to， 如make sb do sth.----- be made to do sth.
注意：以上感官动词，强调正在进行用doing，否则用do,一般出现频率副词用do）
2.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad，pleased，sad，thankful, surprised，willing, eager等常接不定式
I am vert sad to hear this bad news.
3.to do表目的
To do a good job, we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。
Now the Chinese government has made laws to protect wild animals.（注意这里的made不是让，而是制定）
4.to do在系动词后作表语
My dream is to be an engineer.
My job is to look after the animals.
5.易错：“情态动词后跟to do的情形”
如：I will do what I can to help you.（我将做我所能的事为了帮助你）。（句中what I can为宾语从句，to help做目的状语）
动名词
1.单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
Planting more trees is helpful to protect the Earth and make it more beautiful.
用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：
avoid, finish, consider考虑, give up, can’t help禁不住, imagine, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to doing习惯做某事, look forward to, enjoy, be busy等+doing sth.；feel like; be worth doing值得..；
have fun doing
介词+doing：by; without; with; about; for; of; after; before等
to为介词的短语：look forward to; be used to; pay attention; prefer doing to doing;
注意：used to do过去常常 prefer to do更愿意
后面既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，易混淆的动词,常考的有：
remember/forget to do sth.记得/忘记去做某事（事情未做）
remember/forget doing sth.记得/忘记做过某事（事情已做）
stop to do sth.停下来去做某事
stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情
regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事
regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
注意：高频考点（句首挖空），请对比以下句子
To achieve your goal, you should study hard.（有逗号，无连词，表目的）
Helping others helps me happy.（有谓语动词，动名词作主语）
Show me the map.（无谓语动词，祈使句）
Study hard, and you will be successful.（句式）
八、情态动词
基本知识：
有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语
必须和动词原形一起构成谓语
表示说话人的情感、态度、语气等
具体用法：
can ①能；会（现在的能力）=be able to I can swim.
②表示请求或许可 You can’t keep the library books for more than a month.
③表推测，常用于否定（表“不可能”） He can’t be a cook. This book can’t be hers.
could ①能；会（过去的能力） Could you swim when you were 7 years old
②表示请求或许可（更加委婉） Could I go now Yes, you can.
may/might ①表示请求或许可（might更委婉） May I smoke here
②表推测（可能） Your mother may/might know the truth.
③may表“祝愿” May you succeed!
maybe副词 “也许”，不作谓语，句中必须有谓语 Maybe he is from America.
may be “也许是”，充当谓语 He may be from America.
must ①表“必须”，mustn’t表“禁止” You mustn’t park your car here.
②表推测，用于肯定句（表“一定”） Your mother must be waiting for you now.
need ①+do 为情态动词（用疑问、否定） You needn’t come here so early. Need I finish my homework today Yes, you must./ No, you mustn’t.
②+to do 为实义动词 I don’t need to see the doctor. Do you need to go at once
应该 ①should 否定:shouldn’t
②ought to 否定：ought not to
注意：had better也是情态动词，所以had better (not) do sth.
九、系动词（常考后+形容词）
系动词，它本身有词义，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况
记忆口诀：
一是 be
二似乎 seem appear
三保持 keep stay remain
五变 become get turn go grow
五感 look sound feel taste smell
连词
并列连词 注意
并列关系 1.and①和（肯定句）②然后③并且 and前后连接的内容一般结构/时态相同
2.or 和（否定句） /
3.both...and...两者都 谓语动词复数
4.not only...but also...不仅...而且... 就近原则
5.neither...nor...两者都不... 就近原则
选择关系 1.or或者（常用于疑问句） 常用于either...or...结构中
2.either...or...或者...或者...（二选一） 就近原则
转折关系 1.but 但是 不能与although/though一起使用
2.while然而（强调对比性的转折） /
3.yet但是 /
4.however然而（副词） 句首，后有逗号
因果关系 1.so所以；因此 so不能和because一起使用
2.therefore因此 /
3.for因为 补充说明，或为前面的内容提供推断理由
介词
（一）时间介词
in in+早上/上午、下午、晚上、月份、季节、年份、世纪 in the morning/afternoon/evening; in May; in spring; in 2025; in the 1960s二十世纪六十年代
表示“(从现在起一段时间)之后”,常与一般将来时连用 He will be back in three days. 他将在三天后回来。
on on+星期几或具体某一天 on Monday; on Christmas Day
on+具体某一天的早上/上午、下午、晚上 on a rainy morning on the morning of May 1st
at at+钟点时刻 at 7:35
用于固定搭配中 at night/noon/midnight/dawn; at the age of
since 后接时间点,意为“自从……以来”,句子常用现在完成时 Since 1930，he has lived here.
for for+时间段,表示持续(一段时间)
by by+将来的时间,常与一般将来时连用,意为“在……之前” I'll finish the task by Friday. 我会在周五前完成任务。
until /till 用于肯定句中,意为“直到……为止” I waited for you until 10 o'clock. 我等你等到了十点钟。
用于否定句中，not...until...意为“直到……才……” I didn't go to bed until ten. 我直到十点才睡觉。
during 后接时间段，意为 “在……期间”，不用于现在完成时 During the lunch, we talked about the ways to learn English well. 在午餐时，我们谈论了学好英语的方法。
（二）地点和方位介词
in 表示在某范围或空间内的某一点 in the park/garden 在公园里/在花园里 in the south of China 在中国南部
用于较大的地方(如: 国家、城市等)前 in China 在中国 in Beijing/Paris 在北京/巴黎
at 用于较小的地方(如: 车站、机场等)前 at the airport 在机场 at the bus station 在公交车站
on 表示与某地的毗邻关系 Russia is on the northeast of China. 俄罗斯与中国东北部接壤。
表示“在……上面”,与物体表面接触 on the desk在桌子上
to 表示在某一地区之外的某个地方(不属于该范围) Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国东边。
on, above和over的辨析
例句：
There are two girls standing on the bridge.桥上站着两个女孩。
The clock is above our heads.钟在我们头上。
There is a bridge over the river.在河的正上方有座桥。
其他方位介词
beside 在……旁边 He sits beside me. 他坐在我旁边。
by 在……旁边 Come and sit by me. 过来坐在我旁边。
opposite 指在……对面，相当于across from The bank is opposite/across from the school. 银行在学校对面。
across 从……表面横穿 He can swim across the river. 他能游过这条河。
through 从……中间/内部穿过 The train ran quickly through the tunnel. 这辆火车快速地从隧道驶过。
along 强调顺着、沿着路或河流一直前进 Walk along the street to the end. 沿着这条街走到尽头。
past 强调从某事物的一旁经过 Our bus drove past the Bird’s Nest. 我们的公交车从鸟巢旁边驶过。
in front of 在……前面(在外部) 反义词：behind There is a big river in front of our village.
in the front of 在……前面(在内部) 反义词：at the back of The driver sits in the front of the bus.
between 两者之间,常用“between A and B” The girl is sitting between her father and mother.
among 指的是三者或三者以上之间 The village lies among hills. 这个村庄位于群山之中。
into “进入……里”，表示运动或变化，侧重动作 The boy rushed into the house. 这个男孩跑进了房子里。
onto “到……上”，表示位置的改变 The cat jumped onto the desk. 这只猫跳到了桌子上。
towards 表示“向……进发”，并不表示到达之意 The plane is flying towards the city center. 这架飞机正在飞往市中心。
for “向……”，表示目的地 He’ll leave for Japan next week. 他下周将动身前往日本。
（三）方式、手段和工具介词
by ①表示“通过……方式或手段”,后常跟名词、动词的-ing形式 ②后跟交通工具,表示“乘坐……” May I pay by Alipay He makes a living by selling fruit.
with 表示“用(具体有形的工具或身体部位)” Cut it with a knife. 用刀把它切开。
in 表示“使用某种语言或者材料等” in English; in ink; in red
on 后跟通信工具/电子产品，表示“通过……” on the phone；on the radio
through 抽象方式/媒介（努力、阅读、网络、经验） through practice; through the camera;
（四）其他常用介词
with 和……在一起 coffee with milk; come with me
具有(某种特征) a boy with bright blue eyes
without 不,没有 He left without saying goodbye.
for 给,对,供(表对象、用途) There is a letter for you.
为了(表目的) I have to study for an English test.
支持,拥护 I think you’ll be for my decision. 我认为你会支持我的决定。
因为,由于 Thank you for helping me.
about “关于”,常用于know、hear、learn等动词后 Could you tell me about your life
“大约”,后常接数词 There are about six boats in the park.
like “像……一样” “与……相似” I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.
“……怎么样”(指人或事物的品质特点) What is he like 他人怎么样
“例如” There are many kinds of fruit like apples, pears and peaches.
against 反对;违反 He is against your ideas. 他反对你的观点。
对抗 play against; fight against
except “除……以外”,表示从所提到的人或事物中除去一部分 Everyone is very happy except Tom. 除了汤姆,每个人都很高兴。
besides “除……之外,还有……”包括besides后面提到的人或物 Besides Beijing, I have been to Shanghai. 除了北京,我还去过上海。
including 包括……在内 I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.
beyond 超出（能力/理解/范围）；无法.... The problem is beyond me. beyond repair无法修复 beyond words无法用言语表达
be made of 意为“由……制成（可看出原材料）” The chairs are made of wood.
be made from 意为“由……制成（看不出原材料）” Wine is made from grapes.
be made in+地点/时间 .....产的（产地） These cars are made in China/2024.
be made by由...... 做的（跟动作的执行者） The dumplings are made by my mother.
介词短语及固定搭配
一、介词与名词的常用搭配
in+名词 in English用英语 in surprise惊奇地 in danger处于危险中 in fear害怕地 in trouble处于麻烦中 in silence沉默地 in a low voice低声
at+名词 at night在夜晚　 at present目前 at work在工作 at a ....speed以...速度
on+名词 on show在展出　 on duty值日,值班 on vacation在度假　 on one’s own独自 on fire着火 on foot 步行 on one’s way to...在某人去…的路上
of+名词 of importance重要的 of value有价值的
under+名词 under control在控制中 under attack收到攻击 under stress处于压力下
to+名词 to one’s surprise/joy/excitement 令某人惊奇/高兴/兴奋的是
with+名词 with pleasure 愉快地 with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
out of+名词 out of sight 看不见 out of danger 脱离危险
名词+to the answer to... ……的答案 the key to... ……的钥匙/答案/关键 the secret to... 的秘密
by+名词 by the way 顺便说一下 by mistake 错误地 by accident 偶然
介词与动词的常用搭配
动词+at laugh at嘲笑　 knock at敲(门等) shout at 冲……大叫　 look at看 stare at盯着
动词+to listen to听　 get to到达 write to给……写信
动词+of hear of听说　 think of想到 die of 死于 dream of 梦想　
动词+for look for寻找　 ask for询问 leave for前往
动词+about talk about谈论　 worry about担忧 care about 关心,在意
动词+from learn from向……学习 hear from 收到……的来信 stop/prevent...(from) doing sth. 阻止……做某事
动词+with agree with赞同 deal with处理 begin with以……开始
动词+after look after照顾
动词+on depend on 依靠;取决于 get on上车　 call on号召　 turn on打开　 pass on传递
其他 look like看起来像　 get off 下车　 arrive in到达　 turn around转身 regard...as...把……视为……　 believe in信任　 look around 向四周看,环顾　
三、介词与形容词的常用搭配
形容词+in be interested in对……感兴 be poor in缺乏…… be rich in富有....
形容词+at be good at 擅长…… be mad at 生……的气
形容词+of be afraid of 对……害怕 be full of 充满…… be short of短缺 be proud of 对……感到骄傲 be sure of 确信
形容词+to be similar to与……相似 be close to与……接近 be thankful to 感激(某人) be kind/nice/friendly to对……友好
形容词+from be different from与……不同 be free from免于……
形容词+about be worried about对……担心 be curious about对......好奇 be strict about对...严格（事物）
形容词+with be strict with对……严格（人） be angry with 生……的气 be busy with忙于…… be pleased/satisfied with 对……感到满意
形容词+for be famous for因……而著名 be good/bad for对……有益/害 be thirsty for 渴望…… be late for 迟到
四、其他常见的介词固定搭配
because of 因为 instead of 代替,而不是
next to 紧挨着 such as 比如
the same as 和……相同 according to 根据
after all 毕竟 all of a sudden 突然
as a result 结果 thanks to幸亏
without doubt毫无疑问 for free 免费地
from now on从现在起
注意：(1)在here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs等副词前不加介词。 (2)在today, yesterday, the day before yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语前不加介词。 (3)this, that, last, next, every等前不加介词（这那上下每一个）
数词
1)表示年代: in the + 年份的复数 在几世纪几十年代.
in the 1870s 在十九世纪七十年代
2)表年龄: in one’s + 整十的复数 表示在某人几十岁时
in his forties 在他四十岁时
数字/ a few/ many/ several+hundred / thousand /million /billion+复数名词
four hundred students a few hundred students
hundreds/thousands/millions of+复数名词（前无数字，表示大概数量）
the+序数词 表示“第几”（如果序数词前有代词则把the去掉）
the first day my first trip
不定冠词a/an+序数词 表示“再一，又一”
a second try再试一次
分数表达：分子基，分母序，分子大于1，分母加s
two thirds three fifths
6)“数词+名词”作定语（注意year不要加s）
He is a ten-year-old boy.=The boy is ten years old.
十三、状语从句
考点一、主句与从句的时态呼应问题；
条件状语从句 1.主将从现(主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时) If you study hard, you will get good grades. 2.主情从现(主句有情态动词，从句一般现在时) If all your answers are right, you can go to Hainan for holiday. 3.主祈从现(主句属于祈使句，从句一般现在时) If you see him, give him this note.
时间状语从句 1.主将从现 When I get there, I will tell you the whole story. I will call you as soon as I arrive. I will wait for you until you come back. 2.主现从现 It’s cold when it snows. 3.主过从过 When my daughter came back , I was cooking dinner. Alice didn’t go to bed until her mother came back. 注意对比： While I was waiting for the bus, I met my teacher.(while引导的一般过去进行时） While she was doing her homework, Nina was cooking. 4.主现完从过去（since引导） We have been good friends since we met in 2020.
考点二、连接词的选择
（一）时间状语从句
连词 含义 用法
when 当...时 when+瞬间动词、延续性动词; 从句的动作发在主句的动作之前、之后或同时均可 例句：It was snowing when we got to the airport.
while 当...时；而（对比意义） While+延续性动词（通常是用过去进行时），主从句动作同时发生 While we were waiting for the bus, it was raining heavily.
as 当....时；随着；一边...一边... 主从句动作同时发生 As he was reading, he was shaking his hands. As you grow older, you will know better and better about yourself.
until 直到...为止 常用于not...until...结构，意为“直到...才...” You can’t leave until you finish your work.
as soon as 一...就.... 多考查“主将从现” I will call you as soon as he arrives here.
since 自从 从句常用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时 I have lived here since I was five.
（二）条件状语从句
连词 含义 用法
if 如果 尤其要注意if和unless的判断 注意时态判断
unless 除非、如果不
as long as 只要
（三）结果状语从句
连词 含义 用法
so...that... 如此...以至于... so+形容词/副词+that 例：It was so cold outside that we had to stop the game. so+many/few/much/little+名词+that 例：He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam. so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that 例：It's so interesting a film that we all want to see it.
such...that... 如此...以至于... 1.such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that.. 例：Miss Zhao is such a kind teacher that we all like her. 2.such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数+that 例：This was such fine music that it was worth listening to twice.
（四）让步状语从句
though/although 虽然；尽管 不能与but连用，但可用yet Though /Although he works very hard, yet he makes very slow progress.
even though.even if 即使；尽管 Even though he is 30, he is still like a child.
（五）原因状语从句
because / since / as / for引导原因状语从句
十四、宾语从句
宾语从句：在动词、介词以及部分形容词后充当宾语的句子
中考主要考查的知识点有三个:引导词、时态和语序
（一）引导词
陈述句 that无词义，从句完整，不作成分，可省略 常用于动词后：think/believe/know/mean... 形容词后：certain/sure/glad 注意： Whether...or not... 从句缺主语或宾语要选择疑问代词 如：I don’t know who helped him. Do you still remember what your mother told you 从句完整（不缺主和宾），则根据句意选择引导词 如：Finally, I realized why it was important to protect the Earth.
一般疑问句 if/whether 是否，从句完整，不作成分，不可省略 常用于动词：wonder/ask/find out/don’t know...
特殊疑问句 疑问代词：which,what, who,whom, whose（做主语、宾语、表语、定语）
疑问副词：when,where,why,how（做状语）
语序
陈述语序：主语+谓语+宾语+其他
I want to know if she can come.
I wonder where he lives.
I want to know who the girl is.
特殊情况（语序不变）
以下句子作宾语从句
What’s the matter
What’s wrong
Which is the way to .....
当连接词在宾语从句中做主语时
Do you know who is singing
时态
主现从随意：当主句是一般现在时，从句根据时间状语用相应时态
I know when he will come tomorrow.
I hear he worked in Shanghai two years ago.
主过从必过：当主句是过去时态，从句必须用过去的某种时态，客观真理除外
She told me that she liked running.
真理永一现
She told me that light travels faster than sound.
Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
宾从简化：疑问词+不定式
She doesn’t know how she can improve the reading speed.
She doesn’t know how to improve the reading speed.
注意对比：
I don’t know what to do.
I don’t know how to do it.（必须有宾语）
十五、定语从句
定语从句：修饰名词或代词，充当定语的句子。
例句：
重点考点：关系代词的选择
初中阶段主要考查关系代词的选择，先判断先行词是人还是物，再根据所做成分选择
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（人，作宾语）
Is he the man who/that wants to see you （人，作主语）
The book which / that is on the desk is mine. （物，作主语）
I like the flowers (which / that) he grows.（物，作宾语）
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.（人，作定语）
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.（物，作定语）
十六、其他句式
（一）感叹句
What+a/an+adj+单数名词+主谓！
What a great man he is!
What+adj.+不可数/名词复数+主谓！
What fine weather it is today!
What beautiful flowers they are!
How+adj/adv+主谓！
How fast he runs!
How tall the boy is!
注意：
留意名词是可数还是不可数，以及是否元音发音开头
how和what判断，如果句子构成的是“adj+名词”，则用what系列，如果只是形容词或副词那就是how
祈使句
祈使句：动词原形开头
否定：Don’t+动词原形
常考句式：
祈使句，and+句子
Study hard, and you can make progress.
祈使句，or+句子
Hurry up, or we will be late.
注意：
Lily, just go and bring a brush.（注意这里的Lily只是称呼，并不是主语，所以不要用动词三单）

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