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沪教版八年级英语下册Unit 7 Space exploration 单元基础素养测验卷
一、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Do you want to be an astronaut in the future Every year on April 24, it's Space Day of China. It's a day to celebrate China's 1． in space exploration (探索). Ever since Yang Liwei made 2． to space in 2003, about 20 Chinese astronauts have been to space.
In space, astronauts face many problems. There is 3． gravity (重力). For example, the gravity on the moon is only 1/6 of that on the earth. So their bodies become much lighter in space. 4． , being away from family and friends for a long time can make them feel 5． . What's more, if something goes wrong 6． , they have to work fast and try to fix it by themselves. That's 7． astronauts have to be smart, strong, and ready for any 8． before they can go to space.
To make sure that Chinese astronauts finish their work and 9． to Earth safely, eight kinds of training are set. Apart from (除了) physical training, astronauts also 10． science knowledge and mock (模拟) training. Before they can go to space, they 11． like this for at least three and a half years.
Among the training subjects, the 12． part is the underwater training. It's difficult but helps astronauts 13． the weightless environment in space. Astronauts need to wear diving suits (潜水服) that weigh more than 100 kilos and stay underwater for six hours at a time. Moving around in the water with such a 14． suit is really tiring. One astronaut, Nie Haisheng, even lost 2 kilos 15． one underwater training exercise.
1．A． importance B． situation C． development D． memory
2．A． it B． them C． him D． us
3．A． no B． little C． much D． lots of
4．A． Still B． Again C． However D． Also
5．A． lonely B． friendly C． excited D． stupid
6．A． truly B． suddenly C． slowly D． actually
7．A． why B． how C． what D． where
8．A． challenge B． excitement C． mess D． information
9．A． rise B． hurry C． return D． go
10．A． offer B． include C． need D． enjoy
11．A． play B． train C． celebrate D． communicate
12．A． easiest B． best C． worst D． hardest
13．A． clean up B． look through
C． get ready for D． fall in love with
14．A． heavy B． bright C． strange D． smart
15．A． for B． without C． before D． after
【答案】1．C；2．A；3．B；4．D；5．A；6．B；7．A；8．A；9．C；10．C；11．B；12．D；13．C；14．A；15．D
【知识点】说明文；航天事业发展；中国载人航天
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了中国航天事业的发展以及宇航员在太空中面临的挑战和训练。
【点评】考查完形填空。通读全文，了解大意：在开始做题之前，先快速通读整篇文章，了解文章的主题、结构和内容，以便对文章有一个整体的把握。
1．句意：这是一个庆祝中国太空探索发展的日子。importance重要性；situation情形；development发展；memory记忆。根据前文"in space exploration"可知，是庆祝中国航天事业的发展，故选C。
2．句意：自从杨利伟2003年进入太空以来，大约有20名中国宇航员进入过太空。it它；them他们；him他；us我们。根据文中"Yang Liwei made…to space in 2003"可知，此处指杨利伟进入太空，make it"成功了"，故选A。
3．句意：在太空，宇航员面临很多问题。重力很小。no没有；little很少；much很多；lots of很多。根据后文中"the gravity on the moon is only 1/6 of that on the earth"可知，在太空重力很小，故选B。
4．句意：长时间远离家人和朋友也让他们感觉到孤独。Still仍然；Again再一次；However然而；Also也。根据"being away from family and friends for a long time can make them feel…"可知，此处是说此外离开家人和朋友很长时间会让他们感到孤独，故选D。
5．句意：长时间远离家人和朋友也让他们感觉到孤独。lonely孤独的；friendly友好的；excited兴奋的；stupid愚蠢的。根据文中"being away from family and friends for a long time"可知，离开家人和朋友很长时间会让他们感到孤独，故选A。
6．句意：而且，如果突然出现问题，他们必须迅速行动，并试图自己解决。truly真正地；suddenly突然；slowly慢慢地；actually实际上。根据文中"if something goes wrong"可知，此处指的是突然出现问题，故选B。
7．句意：这就是为什么宇航员在进入太空之前必须聪明，强壮，并且为任何挑战做好准备。why为什么；how怎样；what什么；where在哪里。根据前文"they have to work fast and try to fix it by themselves"可知，此处是解释说明原因，故选A。
8．句意：这就是为什么宇航员在进入太空之前必须聪明，强壮，并且为任何挑战做好准备。challenge 挑战；excitement兴奋；mess混乱；information信息。根据astronauts have to be smart, strong, and ready for any"可知，宇航员要为任何挑战做好准备。故选A。
9．句意：为确保中国宇航员能完成工作并安全返回地球，设置了八种训练。rise升起；hurry匆忙；return返回；go去。根据"to Earth safely"可知，此处是说安全返回地球，故选C。
10．句意：除了体能训练，宇航员也需要科学知识学习和模拟训练。offer提供；include 包括；need需要；enjoy享受。根据"science knowledge and mock training"可知，此处是说宇航员还需要科学知识和模拟训练，故选C。
11．句意：他们像这样训练至少要三年半时间才能前往太空。play玩；train训练；celebrate庆祝；communicate交流。根据前文"Apart from (除了) physical training, astronauts also 10science knowledge and mock (模拟) training."可知，此处是说他们至少要这样训练三年半，故选B。
12．句意：在所有的训练项目中，最难的是水下训练。easiest最容易的；best最好的；worst最差的；hardest最难的。根据后文"It's difficult"可知，此处是说最难的部分是水下训练，故选D。
13．句意：这很困难，但是它能帮助宇航员适应太空中的失重环境。clean up清理；look through浏览；get ready for为....做好准备；fall in love with爱上。根据"the weightless environment in space."可知，此处是说为太空中的失重环境做好准备，故选C。
14．句意：穿着重达100多公斤的潜水服在水下活动非常累人。heavy重的；bright明亮的；strange奇怪的；smart聪明的。根据前文"Astronauts need to wear diving suits that weigh more than 100kilos and stay underwater for six hours at a time"可，此处是说穿着重达100多公斤的潜水服，故选A。
15．句意：一名宇航员聂海胜，甚至在一次水下训练后减重了2公斤。for为了；without没有；before在...之前；after在.....之后。根据"even lost 2 kilos..one underwater training exercise."可知，此处是说在一次水下训练后，故选D。
二、语法选择
语法选择
How many things can you see in the night sky A lot! 16． a clear evening you might see the Moon and some planets. And 17． sparkling stars 18． , too.
You can see even 19． with a telescope. You might see stars where you only saw dark space before. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars 20． look white 21． really red or blue.
But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we 22． . We can't see them with the biggest telescope in the world, even when it is the clearest night of the year. That's 23． they're invisible. They're the mysterious dead stars and they 24． black holes. You might find 25． hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky, burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesn't seem 26． getting old or weak, 27． stars do burn out and die after billions of years. As a star's gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs 28． , the star stops 29． and begins to die.
So the next time you stare up at the night sky, remember: there's more in the sky than that meets the eye. 30． amazing space it is!
16．A． On B． In C． At D． For
17．A． thousand B． thousands
C． thousand of D． thousands of
18．A．see B． were see
C． can be seen D． will be seen
19．A．much B． many C． most D． more
20．A． what B． which C． who D． where
21．A． be B． is C． am D． are
22．A． never see B． never saw
C． will never see D． had never seen
23．A． when B． how C． because D． so
24．A． are called B． called C． call D． is called
25．A．it B． you C． yourself D． itself
26．A． to be B． being C． been D． is
27．A．and B． but C．so D． or
28．A． around B． off C． away D．out
29．A． burning B． to burn C． burn D． burnt
30．A． How B． What C． What an D． How an
【答案】16．A；17．D；18．C；19．D；20．B；21．D；22．A；23．C；24．A；25．A；26．A；27．B；28．D；29．A；30．B
【知识点】说明文；地球与宇宙探秘
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了宇宙当中的行星。
【点评】考查完形填空，注意词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意上下文的逻辑，并且考虑句型，语法，搭配，语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
16．句意：在一个晴天的夜晚你可以看到月亮和一些行星。On用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上；In用于年、月、季节等前；At用于具体的时刻前；For为了。根据"a clear evening"可知，此处指一个晴朗的夜晚，当 evening 前没有形容词修饰时，用介词 in，当 evening 前有形容词修饰时，用介词 on。故选A。
17．句意：还能看到成千上万的闪烁的星星。thousand千；thousands千，复数；thousand of错误表达；thousands of成千上万的。空前没有具体数字，所以此处用thousands of，意为"成千上万的"。故选D。
18．句意：还能看到成千上万的闪烁的星星。see看见，动词原形；were see错误表达；can be seen含情态动词的被动语态；will be seen一般将来时的被动语态。stars与see是被动关系，因此要用被动语态。这里强调的是星星"能够"被看到，是客观存在的情况，故要用一般现在时，不需要强调将来的时态，因此排除D项。故选C。
19．句意：用望远镜你可以看到更多的星星。much许多，修饰不可数名词；many许多的，修饰可数名词复数；most是much和many的最高级；more是much和many的比较级。根据空前的"even"可知，空处应填比较级形式。故选D。
20．句意：你可能会看到一些看着是白色的实则是红色或蓝色的星星。what什么；which哪一个；who谁；where在哪里。这是一个定语从句，先行词是stars，指物，连接词要用which。故选B。
21．句意：你可能会看到一些看着是白色的实则是红色或蓝色的星星。be动词原形；is主语是第三人称单数；am主语是第一人称单数；are主语是第二人称以及复数。主语"some stars"是复数，be动词用are。故选D。
22．句意：但是科学家认为天空上有一些我们从没看到过的事物。never see从未见过，一般现在时；never saw一般过去时；will never see一般将来时；had never seen过去完成时。根据后文"We can't see them with the biggest telescope in the world, even when it is the clearest night of the year."可知，有些东西"我们"是看不到的，此处讲的是客观存在的情况，用一般现在时态。故选A。
23．句意：那是因为它们是不可见的。when当……时；how如何；because因为；so所以。联系上文可知，天空中有一些东西是看不到的，此处是在解释原因，That's because"那是因为"。故选C。
24．句意：它们是神秘的死亡恒星，它们被叫做黑洞。are called被叫做，主语是复数；called把……叫做，一般过去时；call把……叫做，一般现在时；is called被叫做，主语是单数。根据"they... black holes"可知，它们被叫做黑洞，此处应用被动语态，主语是they，be动词用are。故选A。
25．句意：你可能会发现很难想象恒星会消亡。it它；you你；yourself你自己；itself它自己。sb. find it adj. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为"某人发现做某事怎么样"，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。故选A。
26．句意：太阳似乎的确并没有变老或变弱，但恒星确实会在数十亿年后燃烧殆尽。to be成为，不定式；being动名词或现在分词；been过去分词；is主语是第三人称单数。seem to do sth."似乎要做某事"，此处应用不定式。故选A。
27．句意：太阳似乎的确并没有变老或变弱，但恒星确实会在数十亿年后燃烧殆尽。and和；but但是；so所以；or或者。根据"The Sun certainly doesn't seem...getting old or weak"和"stars do burn out and die after billions of years"可知，前后句之间是转折关系，应用but来连接。故选B。
28．句意：但当气体耗尽时，恒星就会停止燃烧，开始死去。around周围；off离开；away离开；out出去。联系上一句可知，恒星的气体燃烧时会释放光和热，当气体消耗完了，它就死亡了。run out"用完，耗尽"。故选D。
29．句意：但当气体耗尽时，恒星就会停止燃烧，开始死去。burning燃烧，动名词或现在分词；to burn不定式 ；burn动词原形；burnt过去式或过去分词。根据But when the gas runs 13 , 可知此处指恒星停止燃烧，stop doing sth."停止做某事"。故选A。
30．句意：宇宙是多么神奇啊！How+形容词+主谓；What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓；What an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓；How an错误表达。space是不可数名词，所以此处是What引导的感叹句。故选B。
三、阅读理解
阅读理解
Moon's Reservoirs
How much water is there on the Moon This is a question we have tried to answer for many years. A group of scientists from China and the UK found that the Moon may have water "reservoirs (水库)", according to Nature Geoscience.
Over a large amount of years, asteroids (小行星) have hit the Moon, causing the soil to melt and fly into space. It is then cooled down and falls back to the Moon, forming beads (珠子) of glass. The Chang'e-5 probe, which returned to the Earth on December 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the Moon, including glass beads, reported Xinhua.
The international research team looked into 32 glass beads. They found that about one ton of glass beads may contain 0.5 kilograms of "water". "This ‘water' wasn't a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen (氢) in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use," one of the study authors told Science and Technology Daily.
Researchers estimated that the water contained in the glass beads could probably reach to as much as 270 trillion kilograms. "It's a lot more than we thought," the author added.
The study said the hydrogen in the glass beads may come from the Sun as part of solar winds. The glass beads have many small holes which can absorb (吸收) hydrogen from the wind.
This finding would be a "really big deal" for space exploration, as humans plan to settle on. the Moon in the future, a space scientist told ABC News.
31．How did the glass beads on the Moon form
① The Moon soil falls back to the Moon. ② The Moon soil cools down.
③ The Moon soil flies into space. ④Asteroids hit the Moon.
⑤ The Moon soil melts.
A．⑥④③②① B．②③④①⑥ C．④②⑤③① D．④⑤③②①
32．What are the findings of the international research team
A．There is water inside the beads.
B．The beads are actually water drops.
C．There is 0.5kg of water from the beads.
D．The beads have material that can be turned into water.
33．What does the underlined word "estimated" probably mean in Chinese
A．证明 B．担心 C．估计 D．解释
34．Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ____.
A．how solar winds form
B．how the study was done
C．why there is hydrogen in the beads
D．what else the study has found
【答案】31．D
32．D
33．C
34．C
【知识点】说明文；地球与宇宙探秘
【解析】【分析】大意： 本文介绍了中国和英国科学家团队关于月球上可能存在"水库"的研究发现。
【点评】考查阅读选择。注意排除干扰选项：在选择答案时，要排除那些与原文不符或无关的干扰选项，尽量选择与原文一致的选项。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段Over a large amount of years, asteroids(小行星) have hit the Moon, causing the soil to melt and fly into space. It is then cooled down and falls back to the Moon, forming beads(珠子) of glass. 经过漫长的岁月，小行星撞击月球，导致土壤融化并飞入太空。土壤冷却后又落回月球，形成玻璃珠，可知正确的顺序为 ④⑤③②① 。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据第三段The international research team looked into 32 glass beads. They found that about one ton of glass beads may contain 0.5 kilograms of "water". "This ‘water' wasn't a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen(氢) in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use," one of the study authors toldScience and Technology Daily.国际研究小组对 32 颗玻璃珠进行了研究。他们发现，大约一吨玻璃珠中可能含有 0.5 千克的 "水"。"研究报告的一位作者告诉《科技日报》："这些'水'并不是液体，而是以氢（氢气）的形式存在于玻璃珠中，可以很容易地变成我们可以使用的水，可知是发现珠子上的材料可以变成水。故选D。
33．词义猜测题。根据下文It's a lot more than we thought," the author added.作者补充说："这比我们想象的要多得多"，可知研究人员估计，玻璃珠中含有的水可能多达 270 万亿千克，estimated意为"估计"。故选C。
34．段落大意题。根据第五段 The study said the hydrogen in the glass beads may come from the Sun as part of solar winds. The glass beads have many small holes which can absorb(吸收) hydrogen from the wind. 研究称，玻璃珠中的氢可能来自太阳，是太阳风的一部分。玻璃珠上有许多小孔，可以吸收风中的氢，可知第五段主要讨论了为什么珠子里有氢气。故选C。
阅读理解
The first man in space was Yuri Gagarin. He flew into space in 196l, His spacecraft was called Vostok 1.Space travel has taught us so much about the universe and changed how we live here on the earth.
The world's first space travel agency（旅行社）has opened in Britain because more and more people want to travel into outer space.
The agency will arrange everything from planes to hotels for people with prices from $250,000 to 4791,666.
"Being an astronaut is a childhood dream for so many people.However,it's quiet a difficult job to get into.Luckily,we can take you into outer space now.So this gives people the chance to experience it for a few weeks,"said the manager of the agency.
The experience will allow people to enjoy zero gravity（重力）and the beauty of the earth from space.People can also see about 16 sunrises and sunsets a day.
When you get into space,some really fun things can happen to your body.On the ground,gravity pulls your spine（脊柱）down.In space,without gravity,you may get a little taller.There are also other changes too.For example,the heart gets smaller and the eyeball gets bigger.Are you ready to try a space travel
35．Where is the world's first space travel agency
A．In America B．In Britain C．In Australia D．In Russia
36．What does the underlined word "arrange"mean
A．Produce B．Change C．Plan D．Catch
37．According to the passage,what can people do if they travel into space
A．They can walk on the moon.
B．They can do some interesting research.
C．They can watch several sunrises and sunsets a day.
D．They can take photos of all the planets of the earth.
38．According to the passage,what will happen to our body when we get into space
①We become taller. ②We become thinner. ③Our hearts become smaller.
④Our noses become longer ⑤our eyeballs become bigger
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③⑤ D．③④⑤
39．What's the best title of the text
A．A Travel to Space B．A Great Astronaut
C．A Travel Agency D．A Way to Change Your Body
【答案】35．B
36．C
37．C
38．C
39．A
【知识点】说明文；细节理解；词义猜测；标题选择；中国载人航天
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要向我们介绍了太空旅行的相关项目，包括：体验宇航员的工作，感受零重力，观看日出和日落。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，词义猜测题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
35．细节理解题。根据"The world's first space travel agency(旅行社) has opened in Britain（世界首家太空旅行社在英国开业。）"可知，世界上第一家太空旅行社在英国。故选B。
36．词义猜测题。根据"The agency will arrange everything from planes to hotels for people with prices from $250,000 to $4,791,666.（该旅行社将为人们……从飞机到酒店的一切事宜，价格从25万美元到479万1666美元不等。）"可知，该机构将为人们安排从飞机到酒店的一切服务，因此arrange表示"安排"，与plan "计划、安排" 近义。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据"People can also see about 16 sunrises and sunsets a day.（人们一天可以看大约16次日出和日落。）"可知，人们一天可以看几次日出和日落。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据"In space, without gravity, you may get a little taller. There are also other changes too. For example, the heart gets smaller and the eyeball gets bigger.（在太空中，没有重力，你可能会长高一点。还有其他的变化。例如，心脏会变小，眼球会变大。）"可知，在太空中，身高会变高一点，心脏变小，眼球变大，因此①③⑤符合题意。故选C。
39．主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍了太空旅行的相关项目，包括：体验宇航员的工作，感受零重力，观看日出和日落。因此选项A "太空旅行" 符合最佳标题。故选A。
阅读理解
Is there intelligent (有智力的) life on other planets For years, scientists said "no" or "we don't know". But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alex Barnett are astronomers (天文学家). They believe intelligent life lives somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact(联系) it.
Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life lives on other planets The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. "This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life," say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size — the universe is huge. "Tools like the Hubble Telescopes(哈勃望远镜) have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies," says Shostak. "And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to the earth."
In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes (高倍望远镜) allow scientists to find smaller planets — the size of Mars or the earth — in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life.
Has intelligent life from space already visited the earth "Probably not," says Shostak. "It's a long way away. However, intelligent life may contact us in other ways, such as radio. In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don't have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other."
40．What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．Intelligent life. B．Astronomer.
C．Telescope. D．Universe.
41．Why was it hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe in the past
A．There were not any smaller planets.
B．The Milky Way didn't exist(存在) at that time.
C．The astronomers were not interested in them.
D．There were not any powerful telescopes.
42．According to Shostak, intelligent life from space hasn't visited us yet for ____.
A．they are afraid of us
B．it's a long way away
C．they don't want to see us
D．they don't know how to use radio signals
43．We can read the passage in ____ part of a magazine.
A．Sports B．Business C．Science D．Advertisement
【答案】40．A
41．D
42．B
43．C
【知识点】议论文；地球与宇宙探秘；细节理解；代词指代；文章出处
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了科学家过去对其他星球智能生命存疑，但现在有改变。天文学家认为宇宙某处有智能生命，可能很快联系人类。高倍望远镜发现类似地球行星，外星生命或正尝试联系我们，未来可能实现宇宙生命间的交流的科学事实。
【点评】考查阅读选择。注意排除干扰选项：在选择答案时，要排除那些与原文不符或无关的干扰选项，尽量选择与原文一致的选项。
40．代词指代题。根据上文 They believe intelligent life lives somewhere in the universe. 他们相信宇宙中的某个地方存在智慧生命，可知他们还认为我们很快就会联系上它，此处代词it指代智慧生命。故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据第三段In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes (高倍望远镜) allow scientists to find smaller planets — the size of Mars or the earth — in other solar systems. 过去，人们很难在宇宙中寻找智慧生命的迹象。但现在，强大的望远镜让科学家们能够在其他太阳系中发现更小的行星——与火星或地球一样大小，可知人们很难在宇宙中寻找智慧生命的迹象，是因为没有高倍望远镜。故选D。
42．细节理解题。根据最后一段It's a long way away. However, intelligent life may contact us in other ways, such as radio. 这是一个很遥远的距离。不过，智慧生命可能会通过其他方式与我们联系，比如无线电，可知是因为距离很远。故选B。
43．文章出处题题。文章主要介绍了科学家过去对其他星球智能生命存疑，但现在有改变。天文学家认为宇宙某处有智能生命，可能很快联系人类。高倍望远镜发现类似地球行星，外星生命或正尝试联系我们，未来可能实现宇宙生命间的交流，可推知是来自科学部分。故选C。
四、任务型阅读
阅读短文，从A——E五个选项中选出正确的选项补全短文，并完成小题。有一项为多余项。
Every year on April 24th, it's Space Day of China. It's a day to celebrate the country's growth in space exploration. The manned space missions(载人航天任务) are a big part of it. 　44． 　
What problems do astronauts face
In space, astronauts face many problems. There is little gravity(重力) there, which affects their bodies. 　45． 　 What's more, if something goes wrong on their mission all of a sudden, they have to work out how to fix it under huge pressure. That's why astronauts have to be smart, strong, and ready for any challenge before they can go to space.
How are astronauts trained
"To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, over 200kinds of training are set, " said Huang Weifen, the chief designer of the project. 　46． 　 So before astronauts can go to space, they get training like these for at least three and a half years.
　47． 　 This helps them get ready for the weightless environment in space, Huang explained that astronauts wear diving suits(潜水服) that weigh more than 100 kilograms and stay underwater for six hours at a time. She said that it was quite hard. For example, Nie Haisheng even lost 2 kilograms after one underwater training exercise.
A. What is the weightless feeling B. Being an astronaut is cool but difficult. C. Also, being in a tiny spaceship can make them feel stressed out. D. One of the hardest parts of the training is the underwater training. E. These include not only physical training but also some basic science training.
Do you want to be an astronaut in the future Why (15词左右)　48． 　
【答案】44．B；45．C；46．E；47．D；48．Yes. Because I want to find more space for people to live more church about the earth.
【知识点】科普类；说明文；航天事业发展；中国载人航天
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了中国航天日，以及宇航员面临的问题、训练内容等。
A. What is the weightless feeling 失重感是什么？
B. Being an astronaut is cool but difficult. 成为宇航员很酷但很困难。
C. Also, being in a tiny spaceship can make them feel stressed out. 此外，在狭小的宇宙飞船里会让他们感到压力很大。
D. One of the hardest parts of the training is the underwater training. 训练中最困难的部分之一是水下训练。
E. These include not only physical training but also some basic science training. 这些不仅包括体能训练，还包括一些基础科学训练。
【点评】考查阅读还原。解题时需结合上下文，根据前后文的内容和逻辑关系选择合适选项，关注对宇航员工作的描述及训练的介绍。
44．根据文中语句 "The manned space missions are a big part of it." 以及下文讲述宇航员面临的问题和训练等内容可知，选项 B 中的语句 "Being an astronaut is cool but difficult." 与此相符，该部分总述宇航员工作既酷又困难，故答案为 B。
45．根据文中语句 "There is little gravity there, which affects their bodies." 以及 "What's more, if something goes wrong..." 可知，此处是说宇航员面临的另一个问题，选项 C 中的语句 "Also, being in a tiny spaceship can make them feel stressed out." 与此相符，说明在小飞船里的压力，故答案为 C。
46．根据文中语句 "over 200 kinds of training are set" 可知，此处讲训练内容，选项 E 中的语句 "These include not only physical training but also some basic science training." 与此相符，说明训练包含的方面，故答案为 E。
47．根据文中语句 "This helps them get ready for the weightless environment in space...underwater training exercise." 可知，此处讲水下训练，选项 D 中的语句 "One of the hardest parts of the training is the underwater training." 与此相符，引出水下训练，故答案为 D。
48．句意：你未来想成为一名宇航员吗？为什么？主观表达题，答案不唯一，符合题目要求即可。故答案为Yes. Because I want to explore space and discover its secrets.
阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。
China's Chang'e 6 probe (探测器) returned to Earth on June 25, 2024, with the first-ever rock and soil samples (样本) from the far side of the moon. China's space agency called the mission (任务) "a complete success" after the probe landed in northern China.
Chinese scientists think the returned samples include 2.5 million-year-old volcanic rock and other materials that scientists hope will answer questions about geographic (地理的) differences on the moon's two sides.
The samples could even help scientists to discover how planets are formed, according to the BBC.
The near side is what is seen from Earth, and the far side faces outer space. The far side is also known to have mountains and impact craters, contrasting with relatively flat areas visible on the near side.
While past US and Soviet missions have collected samples from the moon's near side, the Chinese mission is the first that has collected samples from the far side.
The moon program is part of a growing rivalry (竞争) with the US—still the leader in space exploration and others, including Japan and India. China has put its own space station in orbit (轨道) and regularly sends astronauts there.
China's leader Xi Jinping sent a message of congratulations to the Chang'e team, saying that it was a "landmark achievement in our country's efforts at becoming a space and technological power".
The probe left Earth on May 3, and its journey lasted 53 days. Scientists are hoping that the simple materials contain traces of meteorite (陨石) strikes from the moon's past.
Experts believe that the aim of future missions will be not only to explore, but to take control of the moon's resources.
49．When did Chang'e 6 probe return to Earth
50．What's the way of the writer starting the passage
51．Compared to past US and Soviet, what's the significance (意义) of the Chang'e 6 mission
52．What's the future goal of experts predicting for exploration
53．How do you like China's moon mission
【答案】49．On June 25, 2024.
50．By reporting a piece of news.
51．Chang'e 6 is the first mission to collect samples from the far side of the moon.
52．To take control of the moon's resources, not just explore.
53．China's moon mission is a significant step forward in space exploration and scientific research. It not only demonstrates China's technological advancements but also contributes to the global understanding of the moon and space.
【知识点】说明文；地球与宇宙探秘；航天事业发展
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国嫦娥六号探测器返回地球的时间、探测器任务的意义、与以往美苏探测任务的对比、未来探测目标以及对嫦娥六号任务的评价。
【点评】考查阅读表达。阅读表达题型要求考生在阅读理解的基础上，准确地捕捉信息、分析细节，并最终用恰当的语言形式进行表达。注意：
1. 仔细审题明要求。在开始答题前，务必认真审题，明确题目所要求的具体内容和形式。注意区分题目类型，如填空题、问答题或转换句型等，以便有针对性地进行阅读和理解。
2. 快速浏览抓大意。快速浏览全文，把握文章的大意和主旨。这有助于考生对文章的整体内容有一个初步的了解，为后续的细节阅读和表达打下基础。
3. 研读细节找证据。在快速浏览的基础上，仔细研读与题目相关的段落或句子，寻找与题目要求相符的细节信息。注意提取关键信息，作为答题的证据或依据。
4. 注意关键词汇。在阅读过程中，注意关键词汇的识别与理解。这些关键词汇往往与题目要求密切相关，能够帮助考生快速定位相关信息。同时，也要注意词汇的多种含义和用法，避免理解偏差。
49．根据"China's Chang'e 6 probe (探测器) returned to Earth on June 25, 2024"可知，嫦娥六号探测器于2024年6月25日返回地球。故填On June 25, 2024.
50．根据"China's Chang'e 6 probe (探测器) returned to Earth on June 25, 2024, with the first-ever
rock and soil samples (样本) from the far side of the moon."可知，文章开头通过报道一则新闻，即嫦娥六号探测器返回地球并带回月球背面样本这一事件来引入主题。故填By reporting a piece of news.
51．根据"While past US and Soviet missions have collected samples from the moon's near side,
the Chinese mission is the first that has collected samples from the far side."可知，与过去美国和苏联的探测任务相比，嫦娥六号任务的意义在于它是第一个从月球背面采集样本的任务。故填Chang'e 6 is the first mission to collect samples from the far side of the moon.
52．根据最后一段"Experts believe that the aim of future missions will be not only to explore, but to
take control of the moon's resources."可知，专家预测未来探测的目标是不仅要探索月球，还要控制月球的资源。故填To take control of the moon's resources, not just explore.
53．开放性试题，答案言之有理即可。可以表达对中国探月任务的肯定，比如认为这是中国在太空探索和科学研究方面向前迈出的重要一步，不仅展示了中国的技术进步，也有助于全球对月球和太空的了解 。故填China's moon mission is a significant step forward in space exploration and scientific
research. It not only demonstrates China's technological advancements but also contributes
to the global understanding of the moon and space.
五、书面表达
54．你想居住在地球上还是火星上呢 假如你是李伟，下个月你班将举办一次主题为"Mars or Earth "的英语演讲比赛。请你结合以下表格内容，发挥你的想象，用英语写一篇发言稿，做出你的选择并说明理由。
Life on the earth Life on Mars
a lot of pollution a clean place without pollution
travel to places of interest travel to its moons(卫星) by spaceship
have classes at school study online
drive cars on roads float(飘浮) in the air
注意：
1)演讲稿需要包含以上所给提示信息，可适当发挥；
2)词数：80~100。演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear classmates,
Thanks a lot for listening to my speech.
【答案】Possible version 1:
Dear classmates,
If I have a chance to choose, I would like to live on Mars.
First of all, what attracts me most on Mars is its environment, a clean place without pollution.Besides, living on Mars will be great fun. We needn't have traditional classes at school, instead we can study online. And we can play lots of exciting games like low-gravity ball games. What's more, if we have spare time, we can take a spaceship to Mars's moons and we will have a good time there. Last but not least, travelling will be easy on Mars. We can drive cars like flying planes because cars will float in the air. We needn't worry about traffic jams. It sounds fantastic, doesn't it
Thanks a lot for listening to my speech.
Possible version 2:
Dear classmates,
If I have a chance to choose, I still prefer to live on the earth.
To be honest, although the earth is a planet with lots of pollution, it is still a great place for us to live on. First of all, there are many places of interest for us to visit here. Besides, I would like to have traditional classes at school. Because for me, I enjoy meeting my teachers and classmates face to face on weekdays. However, if I live on Mars, I will have to study online. What's more,it's much safer to drive cars on the roads for on Mars the car s will just float in the air. All in all, I would like to live on the earth.
Thanks a lot for listening to my speech.
【知识点】材料作文；地球与宇宙探秘；演讲稿
【解析】【分析】这是一篇材料作文。要求以Mars or Earth 为主题，用英语写一篇发言稿。写作过程中要注意发言稿要包含题目给出的所有要点，通过对比地球和火星生活的优缺点，突出了个人选择的理由。注意时态为一般现在时，主要人称为第一人称，注意主谓一致，演讲稿从引言、主体、对比与选择到结尾，结构要完整，确保演讲内容之间的逻辑关系清晰，段落之间过渡自然。
【点评】范文一选择了居住在火星，并详细列举了火星生活的几个吸引点：清洁无污染的环境、在线学习的便利性、低重力游戏的乐趣、探索火星卫星的冒险以及空中飘浮的交通方式。这些内容紧密围绕主题展开，且具有一定的想象力和创新性。语言流畅，用词准确，能够很好地传达出作者对火星生活的向往。例如，what attracts me most on Mars is its environment, a clean place without pollution这句话直接点明了火星环境对作者的吸引力。同时，作者还运用了一些生动的描述，如play lots of exciting games like low-gravity ball games和we can drive cars like flying planes，使得演讲更加生动有趣。结构清晰，层次分明。作者首先表明了自己的选择，然后逐一列举了火星生活的优点，最后以总结性的句子结束，使得整个演讲条理清晰，易于理解。
范文二选择了居住在地球，并给出了几个理由：地球上有许多名胜古迹可以游览、喜欢在学校接受传统教育以及在地球上开车更安全。这些理由都是基于作者对地球生活的熟悉和喜爱，具有一定的说服力。语言简洁明了，用词得当。例如，To be honest, although the earth is a planet with lots of pollution, it is still a great place for us to live on这句话既表达了作者对地球现状的认识，又表明了对地球生活的肯定。同时，作者还运用了一些对比性的描述，I enjoy meeting my teachers and classmates face to face on weekdays与if I live on Mars, I will have to study online，使得演讲更加具有说服力。结构同样清晰，作者先表明了自己的选择，然后逐一列举了选择地球的理由，并以总结性的句子结束。
两篇范文都很好地围绕主题展开了论述，语言流畅，用词准确，结构清晰。但相比之下，第一篇范文在想象力和创新性方面更胜一筹，通过生动的描述和丰富的想象，使得演讲更加吸引人。而第二篇范文则更加贴近现实，通过对比和列举，使得演讲更加具有说服力。
1 / 1沪教版八年级英语下册Unit 7 Space exploration 单元基础素养测验卷
一、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Do you want to be an astronaut in the future Every year on April 24, it's Space Day of China. It's a day to celebrate China's 1． in space exploration (探索). Ever since Yang Liwei made 2． to space in 2003, about 20 Chinese astronauts have been to space.
In space, astronauts face many problems. There is 3． gravity (重力). For example, the gravity on the moon is only 1/6 of that on the earth. So their bodies become much lighter in space. 4． , being away from family and friends for a long time can make them feel 5． . What's more, if something goes wrong 6． , they have to work fast and try to fix it by themselves. That's 7． astronauts have to be smart, strong, and ready for any 8． before they can go to space.
To make sure that Chinese astronauts finish their work and 9． to Earth safely, eight kinds of training are set. Apart from (除了) physical training, astronauts also 10． science knowledge and mock (模拟) training. Before they can go to space, they 11． like this for at least three and a half years.
Among the training subjects, the 12． part is the underwater training. It's difficult but helps astronauts 13． the weightless environment in space. Astronauts need to wear diving suits (潜水服) that weigh more than 100 kilos and stay underwater for six hours at a time. Moving around in the water with such a 14． suit is really tiring. One astronaut, Nie Haisheng, even lost 2 kilos 15． one underwater training exercise.
1．A． importance B． situation C． development D． memory
2．A． it B． them C． him D． us
3．A． no B． little C． much D． lots of
4．A． Still B． Again C． However D． Also
5．A． lonely B． friendly C． excited D． stupid
6．A． truly B． suddenly C． slowly D． actually
7．A． why B． how C． what D． where
8．A． challenge B． excitement C． mess D． information
9．A． rise B． hurry C． return D． go
10．A． offer B． include C． need D． enjoy
11．A． play B． train C． celebrate D． communicate
12．A． easiest B． best C． worst D． hardest
13．A． clean up B． look through
C． get ready for D． fall in love with
14．A． heavy B． bright C． strange D． smart
15．A． for B． without C． before D． after
二、语法选择
语法选择
How many things can you see in the night sky A lot! 16． a clear evening you might see the Moon and some planets. And 17． sparkling stars 18． , too.
You can see even 19． with a telescope. You might see stars where you only saw dark space before. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars 20． look white 21． really red or blue.
But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we 22． . We can't see them with the biggest telescope in the world, even when it is the clearest night of the year. That's 23． they're invisible. They're the mysterious dead stars and they 24． black holes. You might find 25． hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky, burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesn't seem 26． getting old or weak, 27． stars do burn out and die after billions of years. As a star's gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs 28． , the star stops 29． and begins to die.
So the next time you stare up at the night sky, remember: there's more in the sky than that meets the eye. 30． amazing space it is!
16．A． On B． In C． At D． For
17．A． thousand B． thousands
C． thousand of D． thousands of
18．A．see B． were see
C． can be seen D． will be seen
19．A．much B． many C． most D． more
20．A． what B． which C． who D． where
21．A． be B． is C． am D． are
22．A． never see B． never saw
C． will never see D． had never seen
23．A． when B． how C． because D． so
24．A． are called B． called C． call D． is called
25．A．it B． you C． yourself D． itself
26．A． to be B． being C． been D． is
27．A．and B． but C．so D． or
28．A． around B． off C． away D．out
29．A． burning B． to burn C． burn D． burnt
30．A． How B． What C． What an D． How an
三、阅读理解
阅读理解
Moon's Reservoirs
How much water is there on the Moon This is a question we have tried to answer for many years. A group of scientists from China and the UK found that the Moon may have water "reservoirs (水库)", according to Nature Geoscience.
Over a large amount of years, asteroids (小行星) have hit the Moon, causing the soil to melt and fly into space. It is then cooled down and falls back to the Moon, forming beads (珠子) of glass. The Chang'e-5 probe, which returned to the Earth on December 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the Moon, including glass beads, reported Xinhua.
The international research team looked into 32 glass beads. They found that about one ton of glass beads may contain 0.5 kilograms of "water". "This ‘water' wasn't a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen (氢) in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use," one of the study authors told Science and Technology Daily.
Researchers estimated that the water contained in the glass beads could probably reach to as much as 270 trillion kilograms. "It's a lot more than we thought," the author added.
The study said the hydrogen in the glass beads may come from the Sun as part of solar winds. The glass beads have many small holes which can absorb (吸收) hydrogen from the wind.
This finding would be a "really big deal" for space exploration, as humans plan to settle on. the Moon in the future, a space scientist told ABC News.
31．How did the glass beads on the Moon form
① The Moon soil falls back to the Moon. ② The Moon soil cools down.
③ The Moon soil flies into space. ④Asteroids hit the Moon.
⑤ The Moon soil melts.
A．⑥④③②① B．②③④①⑥ C．④②⑤③① D．④⑤③②①
32．What are the findings of the international research team
A．There is water inside the beads.
B．The beads are actually water drops.
C．There is 0.5kg of water from the beads.
D．The beads have material that can be turned into water.
33．What does the underlined word "estimated" probably mean in Chinese
A．证明 B．担心 C．估计 D．解释
34．Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ____.
A．how solar winds form
B．how the study was done
C．why there is hydrogen in the beads
D．what else the study has found
阅读理解
The first man in space was Yuri Gagarin. He flew into space in 196l, His spacecraft was called Vostok 1.Space travel has taught us so much about the universe and changed how we live here on the earth.
The world's first space travel agency（旅行社）has opened in Britain because more and more people want to travel into outer space.
The agency will arrange everything from planes to hotels for people with prices from $250,000 to 4791,666.
"Being an astronaut is a childhood dream for so many people.However,it's quiet a difficult job to get into.Luckily,we can take you into outer space now.So this gives people the chance to experience it for a few weeks,"said the manager of the agency.
The experience will allow people to enjoy zero gravity（重力）and the beauty of the earth from space.People can also see about 16 sunrises and sunsets a day.
When you get into space,some really fun things can happen to your body.On the ground,gravity pulls your spine（脊柱）down.In space,without gravity,you may get a little taller.There are also other changes too.For example,the heart gets smaller and the eyeball gets bigger.Are you ready to try a space travel
35．Where is the world's first space travel agency
A．In America B．In Britain C．In Australia D．In Russia
36．What does the underlined word "arrange"mean
A．Produce B．Change C．Plan D．Catch
37．According to the passage,what can people do if they travel into space
A．They can walk on the moon.
B．They can do some interesting research.
C．They can watch several sunrises and sunsets a day.
D．They can take photos of all the planets of the earth.
38．According to the passage,what will happen to our body when we get into space
①We become taller. ②We become thinner. ③Our hearts become smaller.
④Our noses become longer ⑤our eyeballs become bigger
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③⑤ D．③④⑤
39．What's the best title of the text
A．A Travel to Space B．A Great Astronaut
C．A Travel Agency D．A Way to Change Your Body
阅读理解
Is there intelligent (有智力的) life on other planets For years, scientists said "no" or "we don't know". But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alex Barnett are astronomers (天文学家). They believe intelligent life lives somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact(联系) it.
Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life lives on other planets The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. "This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life," say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size — the universe is huge. "Tools like the Hubble Telescopes(哈勃望远镜) have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies," says Shostak. "And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to the earth."
In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes (高倍望远镜) allow scientists to find smaller planets — the size of Mars or the earth — in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life.
Has intelligent life from space already visited the earth "Probably not," says Shostak. "It's a long way away. However, intelligent life may contact us in other ways, such as radio. In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don't have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other."
40．What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．Intelligent life. B．Astronomer.
C．Telescope. D．Universe.
41．Why was it hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe in the past
A．There were not any smaller planets.
B．The Milky Way didn't exist(存在) at that time.
C．The astronomers were not interested in them.
D．There were not any powerful telescopes.
42．According to Shostak, intelligent life from space hasn't visited us yet for ____.
A．they are afraid of us
B．it's a long way away
C．they don't want to see us
D．they don't know how to use radio signals
43．We can read the passage in ____ part of a magazine.
A．Sports B．Business C．Science D．Advertisement
四、任务型阅读
阅读短文，从A——E五个选项中选出正确的选项补全短文，并完成小题。有一项为多余项。
Every year on April 24th, it's Space Day of China. It's a day to celebrate the country's growth in space exploration. The manned space missions(载人航天任务) are a big part of it. 　44． 　
What problems do astronauts face
In space, astronauts face many problems. There is little gravity(重力) there, which affects their bodies. 　45． 　 What's more, if something goes wrong on their mission all of a sudden, they have to work out how to fix it under huge pressure. That's why astronauts have to be smart, strong, and ready for any challenge before they can go to space.
How are astronauts trained
"To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, over 200kinds of training are set, " said Huang Weifen, the chief designer of the project. 　46． 　 So before astronauts can go to space, they get training like these for at least three and a half years.
　47． 　 This helps them get ready for the weightless environment in space, Huang explained that astronauts wear diving suits(潜水服) that weigh more than 100 kilograms and stay underwater for six hours at a time. She said that it was quite hard. For example, Nie Haisheng even lost 2 kilograms after one underwater training exercise.
A. What is the weightless feeling B. Being an astronaut is cool but difficult. C. Also, being in a tiny spaceship can make them feel stressed out. D. One of the hardest parts of the training is the underwater training. E. These include not only physical training but also some basic science training.
Do you want to be an astronaut in the future Why (15词左右)　48． 　
阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。
China's Chang'e 6 probe (探测器) returned to Earth on June 25, 2024, with the first-ever rock and soil samples (样本) from the far side of the moon. China's space agency called the mission (任务) "a complete success" after the probe landed in northern China.
Chinese scientists think the returned samples include 2.5 million-year-old volcanic rock and other materials that scientists hope will answer questions about geographic (地理的) differences on the moon's two sides.
The samples could even help scientists to discover how planets are formed, according to the BBC.
The near side is what is seen from Earth, and the far side faces outer space. The far side is also known to have mountains and impact craters, contrasting with relatively flat areas visible on the near side.
While past US and Soviet missions have collected samples from the moon's near side, the Chinese mission is the first that has collected samples from the far side.
The moon program is part of a growing rivalry (竞争) with the US—still the leader in space exploration and others, including Japan and India. China has put its own space station in orbit (轨道) and regularly sends astronauts there.
China's leader Xi Jinping sent a message of congratulations to the Chang'e team, saying that it was a "landmark achievement in our country's efforts at becoming a space and technological power".
The probe left Earth on May 3, and its journey lasted 53 days. Scientists are hoping that the simple materials contain traces of meteorite (陨石) strikes from the moon's past.
Experts believe that the aim of future missions will be not only to explore, but to take control of the moon's resources.
49．When did Chang'e 6 probe return to Earth
50．What's the way of the writer starting the passage
51．Compared to past US and Soviet, what's the significance (意义) of the Chang'e 6 mission
52．What's the future goal of experts predicting for exploration
53．How do you like China's moon mission
五、书面表达
54．你想居住在地球上还是火星上呢 假如你是李伟，下个月你班将举办一次主题为"Mars or Earth "的英语演讲比赛。请你结合以下表格内容，发挥你的想象，用英语写一篇发言稿，做出你的选择并说明理由。
Life on the earth Life on Mars
a lot of pollution a clean place without pollution
travel to places of interest travel to its moons(卫星) by spaceship
have classes at school study online
drive cars on roads float(飘浮) in the air
注意：
1)演讲稿需要包含以上所给提示信息，可适当发挥；
2)词数：80~100。演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear classmates,
Thanks a lot for listening to my speech.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C；2．A；3．B；4．D；5．A；6．B；7．A；8．A；9．C；10．C；11．B；12．D；13．C；14．A；15．D
【知识点】说明文；航天事业发展；中国载人航天
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了中国航天事业的发展以及宇航员在太空中面临的挑战和训练。
【点评】考查完形填空。通读全文，了解大意：在开始做题之前，先快速通读整篇文章，了解文章的主题、结构和内容，以便对文章有一个整体的把握。
1．句意：这是一个庆祝中国太空探索发展的日子。importance重要性；situation情形；development发展；memory记忆。根据前文"in space exploration"可知，是庆祝中国航天事业的发展，故选C。
2．句意：自从杨利伟2003年进入太空以来，大约有20名中国宇航员进入过太空。it它；them他们；him他；us我们。根据文中"Yang Liwei made…to space in 2003"可知，此处指杨利伟进入太空，make it"成功了"，故选A。
3．句意：在太空，宇航员面临很多问题。重力很小。no没有；little很少；much很多；lots of很多。根据后文中"the gravity on the moon is only 1/6 of that on the earth"可知，在太空重力很小，故选B。
4．句意：长时间远离家人和朋友也让他们感觉到孤独。Still仍然；Again再一次；However然而；Also也。根据"being away from family and friends for a long time can make them feel…"可知，此处是说此外离开家人和朋友很长时间会让他们感到孤独，故选D。
5．句意：长时间远离家人和朋友也让他们感觉到孤独。lonely孤独的；friendly友好的；excited兴奋的；stupid愚蠢的。根据文中"being away from family and friends for a long time"可知，离开家人和朋友很长时间会让他们感到孤独，故选A。
6．句意：而且，如果突然出现问题，他们必须迅速行动，并试图自己解决。truly真正地；suddenly突然；slowly慢慢地；actually实际上。根据文中"if something goes wrong"可知，此处指的是突然出现问题，故选B。
7．句意：这就是为什么宇航员在进入太空之前必须聪明，强壮，并且为任何挑战做好准备。why为什么；how怎样；what什么；where在哪里。根据前文"they have to work fast and try to fix it by themselves"可知，此处是解释说明原因，故选A。
8．句意：这就是为什么宇航员在进入太空之前必须聪明，强壮，并且为任何挑战做好准备。challenge 挑战；excitement兴奋；mess混乱；information信息。根据astronauts have to be smart, strong, and ready for any"可知，宇航员要为任何挑战做好准备。故选A。
9．句意：为确保中国宇航员能完成工作并安全返回地球，设置了八种训练。rise升起；hurry匆忙；return返回；go去。根据"to Earth safely"可知，此处是说安全返回地球，故选C。
10．句意：除了体能训练，宇航员也需要科学知识学习和模拟训练。offer提供；include 包括；need需要；enjoy享受。根据"science knowledge and mock training"可知，此处是说宇航员还需要科学知识和模拟训练，故选C。
11．句意：他们像这样训练至少要三年半时间才能前往太空。play玩；train训练；celebrate庆祝；communicate交流。根据前文"Apart from (除了) physical training, astronauts also 10science knowledge and mock (模拟) training."可知，此处是说他们至少要这样训练三年半，故选B。
12．句意：在所有的训练项目中，最难的是水下训练。easiest最容易的；best最好的；worst最差的；hardest最难的。根据后文"It's difficult"可知，此处是说最难的部分是水下训练，故选D。
13．句意：这很困难，但是它能帮助宇航员适应太空中的失重环境。clean up清理；look through浏览；get ready for为....做好准备；fall in love with爱上。根据"the weightless environment in space."可知，此处是说为太空中的失重环境做好准备，故选C。
14．句意：穿着重达100多公斤的潜水服在水下活动非常累人。heavy重的；bright明亮的；strange奇怪的；smart聪明的。根据前文"Astronauts need to wear diving suits that weigh more than 100kilos and stay underwater for six hours at a time"可，此处是说穿着重达100多公斤的潜水服，故选A。
15．句意：一名宇航员聂海胜，甚至在一次水下训练后减重了2公斤。for为了；without没有；before在...之前；after在.....之后。根据"even lost 2 kilos..one underwater training exercise."可知，此处是说在一次水下训练后，故选D。
【答案】16．A；17．D；18．C；19．D；20．B；21．D；22．A；23．C；24．A；25．A；26．A；27．B；28．D；29．A；30．B
【知识点】说明文；地球与宇宙探秘
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了宇宙当中的行星。
【点评】考查完形填空，注意词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意上下文的逻辑，并且考虑句型，语法，搭配，语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
16．句意：在一个晴天的夜晚你可以看到月亮和一些行星。On用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上；In用于年、月、季节等前；At用于具体的时刻前；For为了。根据"a clear evening"可知，此处指一个晴朗的夜晚，当 evening 前没有形容词修饰时，用介词 in，当 evening 前有形容词修饰时，用介词 on。故选A。
17．句意：还能看到成千上万的闪烁的星星。thousand千；thousands千，复数；thousand of错误表达；thousands of成千上万的。空前没有具体数字，所以此处用thousands of，意为"成千上万的"。故选D。
18．句意：还能看到成千上万的闪烁的星星。see看见，动词原形；were see错误表达；can be seen含情态动词的被动语态；will be seen一般将来时的被动语态。stars与see是被动关系，因此要用被动语态。这里强调的是星星"能够"被看到，是客观存在的情况，故要用一般现在时，不需要强调将来的时态，因此排除D项。故选C。
19．句意：用望远镜你可以看到更多的星星。much许多，修饰不可数名词；many许多的，修饰可数名词复数；most是much和many的最高级；more是much和many的比较级。根据空前的"even"可知，空处应填比较级形式。故选D。
20．句意：你可能会看到一些看着是白色的实则是红色或蓝色的星星。what什么；which哪一个；who谁；where在哪里。这是一个定语从句，先行词是stars，指物，连接词要用which。故选B。
21．句意：你可能会看到一些看着是白色的实则是红色或蓝色的星星。be动词原形；is主语是第三人称单数；am主语是第一人称单数；are主语是第二人称以及复数。主语"some stars"是复数，be动词用are。故选D。
22．句意：但是科学家认为天空上有一些我们从没看到过的事物。never see从未见过，一般现在时；never saw一般过去时；will never see一般将来时；had never seen过去完成时。根据后文"We can't see them with the biggest telescope in the world, even when it is the clearest night of the year."可知，有些东西"我们"是看不到的，此处讲的是客观存在的情况，用一般现在时态。故选A。
23．句意：那是因为它们是不可见的。when当……时；how如何；because因为；so所以。联系上文可知，天空中有一些东西是看不到的，此处是在解释原因，That's because"那是因为"。故选C。
24．句意：它们是神秘的死亡恒星，它们被叫做黑洞。are called被叫做，主语是复数；called把……叫做，一般过去时；call把……叫做，一般现在时；is called被叫做，主语是单数。根据"they... black holes"可知，它们被叫做黑洞，此处应用被动语态，主语是they，be动词用are。故选A。
25．句意：你可能会发现很难想象恒星会消亡。it它；you你；yourself你自己；itself它自己。sb. find it adj. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为"某人发现做某事怎么样"，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。故选A。
26．句意：太阳似乎的确并没有变老或变弱，但恒星确实会在数十亿年后燃烧殆尽。to be成为，不定式；being动名词或现在分词；been过去分词；is主语是第三人称单数。seem to do sth."似乎要做某事"，此处应用不定式。故选A。
27．句意：太阳似乎的确并没有变老或变弱，但恒星确实会在数十亿年后燃烧殆尽。and和；but但是；so所以；or或者。根据"The Sun certainly doesn't seem...getting old or weak"和"stars do burn out and die after billions of years"可知，前后句之间是转折关系，应用but来连接。故选B。
28．句意：但当气体耗尽时，恒星就会停止燃烧，开始死去。around周围；off离开；away离开；out出去。联系上一句可知，恒星的气体燃烧时会释放光和热，当气体消耗完了，它就死亡了。run out"用完，耗尽"。故选D。
29．句意：但当气体耗尽时，恒星就会停止燃烧，开始死去。burning燃烧，动名词或现在分词；to burn不定式 ；burn动词原形；burnt过去式或过去分词。根据But when the gas runs 13 , 可知此处指恒星停止燃烧，stop doing sth."停止做某事"。故选A。
30．句意：宇宙是多么神奇啊！How+形容词+主谓；What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓；What an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓；How an错误表达。space是不可数名词，所以此处是What引导的感叹句。故选B。
【答案】31．D
32．D
33．C
34．C
【知识点】说明文；地球与宇宙探秘
【解析】【分析】大意： 本文介绍了中国和英国科学家团队关于月球上可能存在"水库"的研究发现。
【点评】考查阅读选择。注意排除干扰选项：在选择答案时，要排除那些与原文不符或无关的干扰选项，尽量选择与原文一致的选项。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段Over a large amount of years, asteroids(小行星) have hit the Moon, causing the soil to melt and fly into space. It is then cooled down and falls back to the Moon, forming beads(珠子) of glass. 经过漫长的岁月，小行星撞击月球，导致土壤融化并飞入太空。土壤冷却后又落回月球，形成玻璃珠，可知正确的顺序为 ④⑤③②① 。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据第三段The international research team looked into 32 glass beads. They found that about one ton of glass beads may contain 0.5 kilograms of "water". "This ‘water' wasn't a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen(氢) in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use," one of the study authors toldScience and Technology Daily.国际研究小组对 32 颗玻璃珠进行了研究。他们发现，大约一吨玻璃珠中可能含有 0.5 千克的 "水"。"研究报告的一位作者告诉《科技日报》："这些'水'并不是液体，而是以氢（氢气）的形式存在于玻璃珠中，可以很容易地变成我们可以使用的水，可知是发现珠子上的材料可以变成水。故选D。
33．词义猜测题。根据下文It's a lot more than we thought," the author added.作者补充说："这比我们想象的要多得多"，可知研究人员估计，玻璃珠中含有的水可能多达 270 万亿千克，estimated意为"估计"。故选C。
34．段落大意题。根据第五段 The study said the hydrogen in the glass beads may come from the Sun as part of solar winds. The glass beads have many small holes which can absorb(吸收) hydrogen from the wind. 研究称，玻璃珠中的氢可能来自太阳，是太阳风的一部分。玻璃珠上有许多小孔，可以吸收风中的氢，可知第五段主要讨论了为什么珠子里有氢气。故选C。
【答案】35．B
36．C
37．C
38．C
39．A
【知识点】说明文；细节理解；词义猜测；标题选择；中国载人航天
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要向我们介绍了太空旅行的相关项目，包括：体验宇航员的工作，感受零重力，观看日出和日落。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，词义猜测题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
35．细节理解题。根据"The world's first space travel agency(旅行社) has opened in Britain（世界首家太空旅行社在英国开业。）"可知，世界上第一家太空旅行社在英国。故选B。
36．词义猜测题。根据"The agency will arrange everything from planes to hotels for people with prices from $250,000 to $4,791,666.（该旅行社将为人们……从飞机到酒店的一切事宜，价格从25万美元到479万1666美元不等。）"可知，该机构将为人们安排从飞机到酒店的一切服务，因此arrange表示"安排"，与plan "计划、安排" 近义。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据"People can also see about 16 sunrises and sunsets a day.（人们一天可以看大约16次日出和日落。）"可知，人们一天可以看几次日出和日落。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据"In space, without gravity, you may get a little taller. There are also other changes too. For example, the heart gets smaller and the eyeball gets bigger.（在太空中，没有重力，你可能会长高一点。还有其他的变化。例如，心脏会变小，眼球会变大。）"可知，在太空中，身高会变高一点，心脏变小，眼球变大，因此①③⑤符合题意。故选C。
39．主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍了太空旅行的相关项目，包括：体验宇航员的工作，感受零重力，观看日出和日落。因此选项A "太空旅行" 符合最佳标题。故选A。
【答案】40．A
41．D
42．B
43．C
【知识点】议论文；地球与宇宙探秘；细节理解；代词指代；文章出处
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了科学家过去对其他星球智能生命存疑，但现在有改变。天文学家认为宇宙某处有智能生命，可能很快联系人类。高倍望远镜发现类似地球行星，外星生命或正尝试联系我们，未来可能实现宇宙生命间的交流的科学事实。
【点评】考查阅读选择。注意排除干扰选项：在选择答案时，要排除那些与原文不符或无关的干扰选项，尽量选择与原文一致的选项。
40．代词指代题。根据上文 They believe intelligent life lives somewhere in the universe. 他们相信宇宙中的某个地方存在智慧生命，可知他们还认为我们很快就会联系上它，此处代词it指代智慧生命。故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据第三段In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes (高倍望远镜) allow scientists to find smaller planets — the size of Mars or the earth — in other solar systems. 过去，人们很难在宇宙中寻找智慧生命的迹象。但现在，强大的望远镜让科学家们能够在其他太阳系中发现更小的行星——与火星或地球一样大小，可知人们很难在宇宙中寻找智慧生命的迹象，是因为没有高倍望远镜。故选D。
42．细节理解题。根据最后一段It's a long way away. However, intelligent life may contact us in other ways, such as radio. 这是一个很遥远的距离。不过，智慧生命可能会通过其他方式与我们联系，比如无线电，可知是因为距离很远。故选B。
43．文章出处题题。文章主要介绍了科学家过去对其他星球智能生命存疑，但现在有改变。天文学家认为宇宙某处有智能生命，可能很快联系人类。高倍望远镜发现类似地球行星，外星生命或正尝试联系我们，未来可能实现宇宙生命间的交流，可推知是来自科学部分。故选C。
【答案】44．B；45．C；46．E；47．D；48．Yes. Because I want to find more space for people to live more church about the earth.
【知识点】科普类；说明文；航天事业发展；中国载人航天
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了中国航天日，以及宇航员面临的问题、训练内容等。
A. What is the weightless feeling 失重感是什么？
B. Being an astronaut is cool but difficult. 成为宇航员很酷但很困难。
C. Also, being in a tiny spaceship can make them feel stressed out. 此外，在狭小的宇宙飞船里会让他们感到压力很大。
D. One of the hardest parts of the training is the underwater training. 训练中最困难的部分之一是水下训练。
E. These include not only physical training but also some basic science training. 这些不仅包括体能训练，还包括一些基础科学训练。
【点评】考查阅读还原。解题时需结合上下文，根据前后文的内容和逻辑关系选择合适选项，关注对宇航员工作的描述及训练的介绍。
44．根据文中语句 "The manned space missions are a big part of it." 以及下文讲述宇航员面临的问题和训练等内容可知，选项 B 中的语句 "Being an astronaut is cool but difficult." 与此相符，该部分总述宇航员工作既酷又困难，故答案为 B。
45．根据文中语句 "There is little gravity there, which affects their bodies." 以及 "What's more, if something goes wrong..." 可知，此处是说宇航员面临的另一个问题，选项 C 中的语句 "Also, being in a tiny spaceship can make them feel stressed out." 与此相符，说明在小飞船里的压力，故答案为 C。
46．根据文中语句 "over 200 kinds of training are set" 可知，此处讲训练内容，选项 E 中的语句 "These include not only physical training but also some basic science training." 与此相符，说明训练包含的方面，故答案为 E。
47．根据文中语句 "This helps them get ready for the weightless environment in space...underwater training exercise." 可知，此处讲水下训练，选项 D 中的语句 "One of the hardest parts of the training is the underwater training." 与此相符，引出水下训练，故答案为 D。
48．句意：你未来想成为一名宇航员吗？为什么？主观表达题，答案不唯一，符合题目要求即可。故答案为Yes. Because I want to explore space and discover its secrets.
【答案】49．On June 25, 2024.
50．By reporting a piece of news.
51．Chang'e 6 is the first mission to collect samples from the far side of the moon.
52．To take control of the moon's resources, not just explore.
53．China's moon mission is a significant step forward in space exploration and scientific research. It not only demonstrates China's technological advancements but also contributes to the global understanding of the moon and space.
【知识点】说明文；地球与宇宙探秘；航天事业发展
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国嫦娥六号探测器返回地球的时间、探测器任务的意义、与以往美苏探测任务的对比、未来探测目标以及对嫦娥六号任务的评价。
【点评】考查阅读表达。阅读表达题型要求考生在阅读理解的基础上，准确地捕捉信息、分析细节，并最终用恰当的语言形式进行表达。注意：
1. 仔细审题明要求。在开始答题前，务必认真审题，明确题目所要求的具体内容和形式。注意区分题目类型，如填空题、问答题或转换句型等，以便有针对性地进行阅读和理解。
2. 快速浏览抓大意。快速浏览全文，把握文章的大意和主旨。这有助于考生对文章的整体内容有一个初步的了解，为后续的细节阅读和表达打下基础。
3. 研读细节找证据。在快速浏览的基础上，仔细研读与题目相关的段落或句子，寻找与题目要求相符的细节信息。注意提取关键信息，作为答题的证据或依据。
4. 注意关键词汇。在阅读过程中，注意关键词汇的识别与理解。这些关键词汇往往与题目要求密切相关，能够帮助考生快速定位相关信息。同时，也要注意词汇的多种含义和用法，避免理解偏差。
49．根据"China's Chang'e 6 probe (探测器) returned to Earth on June 25, 2024"可知，嫦娥六号探测器于2024年6月25日返回地球。故填On June 25, 2024.
50．根据"China's Chang'e 6 probe (探测器) returned to Earth on June 25, 2024, with the first-ever
rock and soil samples (样本) from the far side of the moon."可知，文章开头通过报道一则新闻，即嫦娥六号探测器返回地球并带回月球背面样本这一事件来引入主题。故填By reporting a piece of news.
51．根据"While past US and Soviet missions have collected samples from the moon's near side,
the Chinese mission is the first that has collected samples from the far side."可知，与过去美国和苏联的探测任务相比，嫦娥六号任务的意义在于它是第一个从月球背面采集样本的任务。故填Chang'e 6 is the first mission to collect samples from the far side of the moon.
52．根据最后一段"Experts believe that the aim of future missions will be not only to explore, but to
take control of the moon's resources."可知，专家预测未来探测的目标是不仅要探索月球，还要控制月球的资源。故填To take control of the moon's resources, not just explore.
53．开放性试题，答案言之有理即可。可以表达对中国探月任务的肯定，比如认为这是中国在太空探索和科学研究方面向前迈出的重要一步，不仅展示了中国的技术进步，也有助于全球对月球和太空的了解 。故填China's moon mission is a significant step forward in space exploration and scientific
research. It not only demonstrates China's technological advancements but also contributes
to the global understanding of the moon and space.
54．【答案】Possible version 1:
Dear classmates,
If I have a chance to choose, I would like to live on Mars.
First of all, what attracts me most on Mars is its environment, a clean place without pollution.Besides, living on Mars will be great fun. We needn't have traditional classes at school, instead we can study online. And we can play lots of exciting games like low-gravity ball games. What's more, if we have spare time, we can take a spaceship to Mars's moons and we will have a good time there. Last but not least, travelling will be easy on Mars. We can drive cars like flying planes because cars will float in the air. We needn't worry about traffic jams. It sounds fantastic, doesn't it
Thanks a lot for listening to my speech.
Possible version 2:
Dear classmates,
If I have a chance to choose, I still prefer to live on the earth.
To be honest, although the earth is a planet with lots of pollution, it is still a great place for us to live on. First of all, there are many places of interest for us to visit here. Besides, I would like to have traditional classes at school. Because for me, I enjoy meeting my teachers and classmates face to face on weekdays. However, if I live on Mars, I will have to study online. What's more,it's much safer to drive cars on the roads for on Mars the car s will just float in the air. All in all, I would like to live on the earth.
Thanks a lot for listening to my speech.
【知识点】材料作文；地球与宇宙探秘；演讲稿
【解析】【分析】这是一篇材料作文。要求以Mars or Earth 为主题，用英语写一篇发言稿。写作过程中要注意发言稿要包含题目给出的所有要点，通过对比地球和火星生活的优缺点，突出了个人选择的理由。注意时态为一般现在时，主要人称为第一人称，注意主谓一致，演讲稿从引言、主体、对比与选择到结尾，结构要完整，确保演讲内容之间的逻辑关系清晰，段落之间过渡自然。
【点评】范文一选择了居住在火星，并详细列举了火星生活的几个吸引点：清洁无污染的环境、在线学习的便利性、低重力游戏的乐趣、探索火星卫星的冒险以及空中飘浮的交通方式。这些内容紧密围绕主题展开，且具有一定的想象力和创新性。语言流畅，用词准确，能够很好地传达出作者对火星生活的向往。例如，what attracts me most on Mars is its environment, a clean place without pollution这句话直接点明了火星环境对作者的吸引力。同时，作者还运用了一些生动的描述，如play lots of exciting games like low-gravity ball games和we can drive cars like flying planes，使得演讲更加生动有趣。结构清晰，层次分明。作者首先表明了自己的选择，然后逐一列举了火星生活的优点，最后以总结性的句子结束，使得整个演讲条理清晰，易于理解。
范文二选择了居住在地球，并给出了几个理由：地球上有许多名胜古迹可以游览、喜欢在学校接受传统教育以及在地球上开车更安全。这些理由都是基于作者对地球生活的熟悉和喜爱，具有一定的说服力。语言简洁明了，用词得当。例如，To be honest, although the earth is a planet with lots of pollution, it is still a great place for us to live on这句话既表达了作者对地球现状的认识，又表明了对地球生活的肯定。同时，作者还运用了一些对比性的描述，I enjoy meeting my teachers and classmates face to face on weekdays与if I live on Mars, I will have to study online，使得演讲更加具有说服力。结构同样清晰，作者先表明了自己的选择，然后逐一列举了选择地球的理由，并以总结性的句子结束。
两篇范文都很好地围绕主题展开了论述，语言流畅，用词准确，结构清晰。但相比之下，第一篇范文在想象力和创新性方面更胜一筹，通过生动的描述和丰富的想象，使得演讲更加吸引人。而第二篇范文则更加贴近现实，通过对比和列举，使得演讲更加具有说服力。
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