资源简介

沪教版英语八年级下册Unit 6 Learning by doing单元综合素养培优
一、单项选择题
1．—I've just borrowed a camera, but I don't know _______.
—You can read the instructions.
A．how to use it B．what to use it
C．when to use D．what to use
【答案】A
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】由上句句意“我借了一个照相机，但我不知道怎么用。”可知是关于方式的，要用how。
2．Thomas Edison invented ____ light bulb(灯泡). he was ____ unusual man.
A．a; a B．an; an C．the; an
【答案】C
【知识点】表示一类人或物中任何一个；第一次提及某人某物，且不是特指；用于发明物、单位、方位或身体部位前；an；the
【解析】【分析】句意：托马斯·爱迪生发明了灯泡。他是个不寻常的人。空一，light bulb是发明物，故用定冠词修饰，空二，man是名词单数，第一次提及某人，表示泛指，unusual是以元音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词an表示泛指一个，故选C。
【点评】考查冠词，注意识记修饰发明物用定冠词，不定冠词an的用法。
3．Our teacher often warns us ____ loudly in class.
A．talking B．not talking C．to talk D．not to talk
【答案】D
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：老师经常警告我们不要在课堂上大声说话。talking说话（现在分词/动名词）；not talking不讲话（否定形式）；to talk要说话（动词不定式）；not to talk不要说话（否定不定式）。
根据"Our teacher often warns us...loudly in class."可知，warn sb not to do sth"警告某人不要做某事"，所以该空应用动词不定式的否定形式。故选D。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（动词不定式）。注意：熟练识记后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词。
4．We ________ follow the traffic rules and wear helmets.
A．can B．must C．may D．might
【答案】B
【知识点】must
5． My parents don't allow me ____ my phone on school days.
A．to use B．use C．using D．used
【答案】A
【知识点】固定搭配；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我父母不允许我在上学的日子使用手机。A.to use使用（动词不定式形式）；B.use使用（动词原形）；C.using使用（动名词或现在分词形式）；D.used使用（过去式或过去分词形式）。根据"allow me"以及固定搭配"allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事"可知，这里应该用动词不定式"to use"，故答案为：A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词。注意"allow sb. to do sth."这一固定搭配。
6． You should be careful ____ the electricity because it is a dangerous servant.
A．with B．for C．on D．at
【答案】A
【知识点】介词短语；固定搭配；with
【解析】【分析】句意： 你应该小心电，因为它是一个危险的仆人。A.和；B.为了；C.在……上面；D.在。be careful with sth小心……，固定搭配，故选A。
【点评】考查介词辨析和固定搭配。注意固定搭配be careful with 的用法。
7． We need to find a proper way ____ the problem between teenagers and parents.
A．solve B．solving C．to solve D．solved
【答案】C
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我们需要找到一个合适的方法来解决青少年和父母之间的问题。 solve 是实义动词，意为"解决"，原形是 solve，动名词是 solving，不定式是 to solve，过去式是 solved。 本句使用了固定结构 a way to do sth.，表示"做某事的方法"，其中动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词 way，因此用 to solve，故选C。
【点评】考查动词不定式，注意掌握固定结构 **a way to do sth.**，该结构中不定式作后置定语修饰名词，是初中英语的高频考点，需牢记结构用法，避免误选动名词、动词原形或过去式。
8．Our computers are connected ___________the printers ___________our office.
A．to; in B．with; from C．from; to D．to; with
【答案】A
【知识点】固定搭配；介词辨析；in；to
【解析】【分析】句意：我们的电脑和办公室的打印机连在一起了。connect…to，使……与……相连，固定搭配；在办公室用介词in，故答案为A。
【点评】考查介词辨析和固定搭配。注意识记connect…to和in one's office的用法。
9． Sorry, I'm busy at the moment. I ____ an experiment.
A．am doing B．have done C．will do D．was doing
【答案】A
【知识点】现在进行时；其他语法一致形式
【解析】【分析】句意：抱歉，我现在很忙。我正在做一个实验。 am doing 现在正在做，现在进行时； have
done 已经做了，现在完成时；will do 将要做，一般将来时； was doing 过去正在做，过去进行时。
根据"Sorry, I'm busy at the moment."可知，句子表达的是正在忙于的事情，符合现在进行时的用法；现在进行时的结构为am/is/are+doing，句子主语I，第一人称单数，谓语动词应用am doing。故选A。
【点评】考查现在进行时以及主谓一致。注意准确理解题干句子语境，结合时态以及主谓一致相关知识选择正确的时态。
10． ____ less time on the phone at night, or you'll find it hard to fall asleep.
A．Spend B．Spending C．To spend D．Spent
【答案】A
【知识点】祈使句+and(or)+陈述句；“动词原形+宾语+其他成分”的祈使句；spend
【解析】【分析】句意：晚上少花点时间在手机上，否则你会发现很难入睡。A.Spend，动词原形；B.Spending，现在分词/动名词；C.To spend，动词不定式；D.Spent，动词过去式/过去分词。分析句子结构可知，这是"祈使句 + or + 陈述句"结构，祈使句需用动词原形开头，故选A。
【点评】考查祈使句。注意"祈使句 + or/and + 陈述句"的结构，祈使句用动词原形。
11． ____ is important to bring a small gift when visiting a Chinese friend.
A．It B．This C．That
【答案】A
【知识点】主格人称代词；“It's+adj.(+for+sb.)+不定式” 表示“做某事对某人来说……”；IT
【解析】【分析】句意：拜访中国朋友时带一份小礼物是很重要的。A.它；B.这个；C.那个。important重要的，形容词；to bring动词不定式。It is+形容词+to do sth.做某事是怎样的，固定搭配，故选A。
【点评】考查代词，注意掌握固定搭配It is+形容词+to do sth.，理解句意。
12． They allow people ____ in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.
A．keep B．keeping C．to keep D．kept
【答案】C
【知识点】固定搭配；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：他们允许人们随时随地保持联系。A：keep保持，动词原形；B：keeping现在分词或动名词；C：to keep不定式；D：kept过去式或过去分词。固定搭配allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事，用不定式作宾补，故选C。
【点评】考查不定式作宾补。由固定搭配，确定动词的正确形式。
13． It's not eаsy to lеаrn thе viоlin, but don't ____ easily.
A．give uр B．get оvеr C．tаkе up D．go оut
【答案】A
【知识点】短语辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：学习小提琴并不容易，但不要轻易放弃。A.放弃；B.克服；C.占据；D.出去。根据It's not eаsy to lеаrn thе viоlin学习小提琴并不容易，结合选项可知讲的是不要轻易放弃学习小提琴，故选A。
【点评】考查短语辨析，首先理解短语意思，然后根据关键词句It's not eаsy to lеаrn thе viоlin确定答案，理解句意。
14．He covered the table ________ a cloth.
A．by B．for C．with D．in
【答案】C
【知识点】固定搭配；介词辨析；with
【解析】【分析】句意：她用一块布盖着桌子。by通过；for为了；with使用；in在.....里，cover...with...用......覆盖，固定搭配，故选C。
【点评】考查固定搭配。注意固定短语cover...with...的用法。
15．To keep safe, we _________ follow the traffic rules.
A．must B．would C．might D．need
【答案】A
【知识点】must
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和 D)中选出一个最佳选项。
Bob is afraid of going to the lab(实验室) again. An accident happened last month. After 16． the experiment(实验) with other students in the lab, he 17． all the useless things in the dustbin. Suddenly, one of the bottles fell from his hands. He went to pick it up. But he hurt 18． . He cut his hand. 19． scared Bob was!
The teacher quickly helped him wash the cut and 20． on it to stop bleeding. And then some students found a clean 21． . The teacher put it 22． the cut. The teacher and his classmates 23． him to go to the hospital, but he didn't go. He thought he would be OK. But later, the 24． was worse than before. Bob had a 25． , so the teacher drove Bob to the hospital. Luckily, it was not really 26． . The doctor took Bob's temperature and said he had a fever caused(引起) by the cut. And then the doctor put some 27． on the cut and advised him to take 28． .
There are many 29． in doing experiments. The students will become more careful 30． they are in the lab after the accident.
16．A．finishing B．playing C．cleaning D．taking
17．A．touched B．put C．moved D．chose
18．A．him B．he C．himself D．His
19．A．How B．What C．Which D．When
20．A．call B．wait C．look D．press
21．A．bandage B．clothes C．bags D．hand
22．A．in B．on C．at D．by
23．A．agreed B．chose C．ordered D．asked
24．A．situation B．information C．result D．resolution
25．A．fever B．cold C．headache D．toothache
26．A．comfortable B．serious C．fine D．boring
27．A．medicine B．water C．food D．temperature
28．A．breaks B．actions C．trips D．messages
29．A．surprises B．risks C．tests D．meetings
30．A．though B．because C．when D．although
【答案】16．A；17．B；18．C；19．A；20．D；21．A；22．B；23．D；24．A；25．A；26．B；27．A；28．A；29．B；30．C
【知识点】日常生活类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了Bob在做实验的时候发生了事故，伤到了手，在老师简单处理后，老师和同学建议带他去医院，但是他没去，后来情况变得糟糕，去了医院，幸运的是情况不是很严重，擦药多休息，所以此处事故发生后大家做实验都变得更加小心的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。
16．句意：在实验室和其他同学完成实验后，他把所有无用的东西都扔进了垃圾箱。A：finishing完成，B：playing玩，C：cleaning打扫，D：taking带走，根据空格后all the useless things in the dustbin. 无用的东西都扔进了垃圾箱。可知是在实验完成后丢掉，应用finishing，故选A。
17．句意：在实验室和其他同学完成实验后，他把所有无用的东西都扔进了垃圾箱。A：touched接触，B：put放，C：moved移动，D：chose关闭，根据all the useless things in the dustbin. 无用的东西都扔进了垃圾箱。可知此处是指把无用的东西放进垃圾箱，应用put，故选B。
18．句意：他把自己的手割伤了，鲍勃吓坏了！A：him他，B：he他，C：himself他自己，D：His他的，固定搭配hurt oneself，伤到自己，可知此处应用himself， 故选C。
19．句意：他把自己的手割伤了，鲍勃吓坏了！A：How多么，B：What多么，C：Which哪一个，D：When什么时候，根据感叹号，可知此处为感叹句，空格后scared，害怕的，形容词，句型结构How+adj/adv+主语+谓语! 而what引导后加名词，可知此处应用how引导，故选A。
20．句意：老师很快帮他洗了伤口，按了止血。A：call称呼，B：wait等待，C：look看，D：press按，压，根据空格后stop bleeding. 止血常识可知应是按住伤口，应用press，故选D，
21．句意：然后一些学生找到了干净的绷带。A：bandage绷带，B：clothes衣服，C：bags包，D：hand手，根据上文The teacher quickly helped him wash the cut. 老师很快帮他洗了伤口。可知此处是指受伤处理好后应用绷带包扎，应用bandage，故选A。
22．句意：老师把它贴在伤口上。A：in在......里，B：on在......上，C：at在，D：by通过，结合上文，此处是指把绷带放在伤口的上面，动词短语put on，放上，可知此处应用on，故选B。
23．句意：老师和同学叫他去医院，但他没有去。A：agreed同意，B：chose选择，C：ordered预定，D：asked让，根据空格后to go to the hospital. 可知此处是老师和同学让他去医院，应用asked，故选D。
24．句意：但后来，情况比以前更糟了。A：situation情况，B：information信息，C：result结果，D：resolution决心，根据下文so the teacher drove Bob to the hospital. 所以老师开车送鲍勃去医院。可知此处是指受伤的情况比之前更糟了，应用situation，故选A。
25．句意：鲍勃发烧了，所以老师开车送他去医院。A：fever发烧，B：cold冷，C：headache头痛，D：toothache牙痛，根据下文The doctor took Bob's temperature and said he had a fever caused(引起) by the cut. 医生量了鲍勃的体温，说他因为伤口发烧了。可知此处是指发烧了，应用fever，故选A。
26．句意：幸运的是，情况并不严重。A：comfortable舒服的，B：serious严重的，C：fine好的，D：boring无聊的，根据空格前Luckily，幸运的是，可知此处是指情况还不是很严重，应用serious，故选B。
27．句意：然后医生在伤口上涂了一些药，并建议他休息一下。A：medicine药物，B：water水，C：food食物，D：temperature温度，根据空格后on the cut，在伤口上应是涂药，可知此处应用medicine，故选A。
28．句意：然后医生在伤口上涂了一些药，并建议他休息一下。A：breaks休息，B：actions行动，C：trips旅行，D：messages信息，医生建议擦药，多休息，动词短语take breaks，休息，可知此处应用breaks，故选A。
29．句意：做实验有很多风险。A：surprises惊喜，B：risks风险，C：tests测试，D：meetings会议，根据下文The students will become more careful when they are in the lab after the accident. 事故发生后，学生们在实验室里会变得更加小心。可知此处是指做实验有风险，应用risks，故选B。
30．句意：事故发生后，学生们在实验室里会变得更加小心。A：though通过，B：because因为，C：when当.....时候，D：although虽然，根据空格前The students will become more careful. 学生们在实验室里会变得更加小心。可知此处是指当事故发生后，应用when，故选C。
三、阅读理解
阅读理解
DO IT YOURSELF SCIENCESCIENCE IIUSTRATHD Build a mini solar desalination plant. It's a beautiful day, so, let's get outside and do some science. Here's an amazing experiment (实验) that uses solar energy. You will need: ◎A large bowl ◎A tall glass ◎Some salt ◎A stone ◎Some plastic wrap (包装膜) Steps: ◎Put the water into the large bowl. Put the salt in the water. ◎Put the glass in the middle of the bowl. The top of the glass must be above the water. ◎Put the plastic wrap over the bowl and the glass. Put a stone on top of the plastic wrap. ◎Put the bowl outside in the sun. What will happen The water will get hot and then become gas. The salt will stay in the bowl, and the gas will rise and hit the plastic wrap. Then it will become water again and fall into the glass. If you take the plastic wrap off the bowl, you'll see water in the glass. If you taste the water, you'll find that there isn't any salt in it.
31．What do you need for the experiment
A．A small bowl. B．Some salt.
C．A paper cup. D．Apple juice.
32．Which of the following should you do for this experiment
A．Put the water into the tall glass.
B．Put the bowl over the top of the tall glass.
C．Take the bowl to a room without any sunlight.
D．Use the plastic wrap to cover the bowl and the glass.
33．What will happen at last
A．Only water will go into the glass.
B．Only water will stay in the bowl.
C．There will be no salt in the bowl.
D．There will be salty water in the glass.
【答案】31．B
32．D
33．A
【知识点】科普类；说明文；细节理解
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一个利用太阳能淡化盐水的简易实验。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题一种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。
31．细节理解题。根据"You will need:...◎Some salt...（你将需要：一些盐）"可知，你需要一些盐来做实验。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据"Steps:...◎Put the plastic wrap over the bowl and the glass...（步骤：用保鲜膜盖住碗和玻璃杯）"可知，在这个实验中，你应该用保鲜膜盖住碗和玻璃杯。故选D。
33．细节理解题。根据"What will happen The water will get hot and then become gas. The salt will stay in the bowl, and the gas will rise and hit the plastic wrap. Then it will become water again and fall into the glass. If you take the plastic wrap off the bowl, you'll see water in the glass.（会发生什么？水会变热然后变成气体。盐会留在碗里，气体上升后撞到塑料膜，然后再次变成水落到玻璃杯里。如果你把塑料膜从碗上取下来，你会在玻璃杯里看到水。）"可知，最后只有水会进入玻璃杯。故选A。
Tuesday自动体外除颤器
The cardiac arrest happens when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops pumping blood. 90% of the people who have a cardiac arrest outside of a hospital die often within minutes. That is because they do not receive treatment quickly enough to survive. The cardiac arrest is a common cause of death. It causes about 300, 000 to 450, 000deaths in the United States each year.
If a cardiac arrest happens, rapid treatment with a medical device called Automated External Defibrillator (AED) can be lifesaving. Many AEDs can be easily seen in public places, including offices, schools, shopping malls, grocery stores, and airports. An AED system includes an AED and its necessary accessories, such as a battery and pad electrodes(片状电极). The AED gives verbal instructions to users, which means it gives voice instructions to tell users how to use it.
This is how an AED works. First, the user turns on the AED and follows the recorded voice instructions. Second, the user puts two electrodes on the chest of the person in a cardiac arrest. ④Third, the electrodes send information about the person's heart rhythm to the AED, and then it decides whether an electric shock is needed. Fourth, if a shock is needed, the AED tells the user when to press a button to give a shock. In some AEDs, the user doesn't need to press any button. The AEDs will give a shock themselves.
34．Why do so many people in a cardiac arrest outside a hospital die
A．Because 90% of them lose too much blood.
B．Because they can't get treatment fast enough.
C．Because they don't know how to use an AED.
D．Because no one uses an AED to save their lives.
35．Where can we most probably NOT see an AED
A．Schools. B．Airports. C．Taxis. D．Offices.
36．Who decides whether an electric shock is needed
A．The AED. B．The user.
C．A doctor. D．Heart rhythm.
37．Where can you most probably read this article
A．A geography textbook. B．A health website.
C．A science fiction book. D．A shopping mall.
【答案】34．B
35．C
36．A
37．B
【知识点】科普类；说明文；细节理解；文章出处
【解析】【分析】主要讲了如果发生心搏停止，使用自动体外除颤器进行快速治疗可以挽救生命。本文详细介绍了自动体外除颤器的结构、功能及使用方法。
【点评】考查阅读理解，在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
34．细节理解题。根据90% of the people who have a cardiac arrest outside of a hospital die often within minutes. That is because they do not receive treatment quickly enough to survive.(90% 在医院外发生心脏骤停的人通常在几分钟内死亡。这是因为他们没有得到足够快的治疗来存活)，可知很多在医院外发生心脏骤停的人死亡是因为他们不能得到足够快的治疗，B选项正确，故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据Many AEDs can be easily seen in public places, including offices, schools,shopping malls,grocery stores,and airports.(许多自动体外除颤器(AED)在公共场所很容易看到，包括办公室、学校、购物中心、杂货店和机场）,可知在办公室、学校、机场等公共场所能看到AED，而出租车不属于这些公共场所，所以在出租车里最不可能看到AED，C选项正确，故选 C。
36．细节理解题。根据Third,the electrodes send information about the person's heart rhythm to the AED, and then it decides whether an electric shock is needed.(第三，电极将关于患者心律的信息发送到AED，然后AED决定是否需要电击)，可知决定是否需要电击的是AED，A选项正确。B选项"使用者"、C选项"医生"、D选项"心律"均不符合原文描述，故选A。
37．文章出处题。A.地理书；B.健康网站；C.科幻书；D.购物中心。文章主要介绍了心脏骤停的情况以及自动体外除颤器(AED)的作用、使用方法和工作原理等与健康相关的内容，本文关于心脏骤停和AED的内容适合在健康网站上阅读，故选B。
38．阅读理解
A cafe in Japan is using robot
waiter controlled(控制)from
home by the disabled.
The robots, about as tall as a
seven-year-old child, send out sound and video over the Internet, allowing the
disabled to control them with computers.
Engineers behind the project
said that they hope to provide jobs for people who have difficulty in moving
their bodies.
If it is successful, there will
be a permanent(永久的)cafe
before the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo.
"Everyone should have the
freedom to work in the way they like," said Masatane Muto, an ALS patient
and one of the leaders of the project. "I want to send out the message
toward 2020 that you can show your friendly behaviour even if you have
disabilities."
The cafe in Tokyo will open on
weekends from November 26 to December 7.
They have also been used in
classrooms by students who cannot go to school because of illness or other
reasons.
"I want to create a world
in which people who can't move their bodies can work too," said Kentaro
Yoshifuji, the CEO of Ory Lab, the developer of the robots.
Ypshifuji
had some illness as a child that left him socially isolated. He had to
stay away from others. This experience drove him to study robotics at Tokyo's
Waseda University in the hopes of connecting(联系)people through robots.
（1）According to the news, the engineers behind the project hope to .
A．bring more new robots to the cafe
B．set up more modern coffee shops
C．help more children to learn about robots
D．give the disabled more chances to work
（2）We can learn from the news that .
A．Ypshifuji studied robots to cure his own illness
B．Ypshifuji is disabled and controlled by a robot
C．Robots can connect the disabled with others
D．Robots are designed just for the Olympics
（3）Which of the following has the similar meaning to the underlined word "isolated"
A．separated B．treated C．avoided D．supported
（4）What is the best title for the news
A．Tokyo cafe trying hard to prepare for the coming Olympics.
B．Tokyo cafe to use robot waiters controlled by the disabled.
C．Disabled people playing a role in developing robot waiters.
D．New robots to be provided in cafe for the 2020 Olympics.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【知识点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了日本的一家咖啡馆正在使用由残疾人在家控制的机器人服务员。这些机器人通过互联网发送声音和视频，允许残疾人用电脑控制它们。该项目的工程师表示，他们希望为行动不便的人提供工作。
（1）细节理解题。根据第三段 Engineers behind the project said that they hope to provide jobs for people who have difficulty in moving their bodies. 可知，该项目的工程师表示，他们希望为行动不便的人提供工作。也就是说给残疾人提供更多工作机会。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据短文最后一句 This experience drove him to study robotics at Tokyo's Waseda University in the hopes of connecting(联系) people through robots.可知，机器人能够将残疾人和其他人联系起来。故选C。
（3）词句猜测题。根据后面的句子 This experience drove him to study robotics at Tokyo's Waseda University in the hopes of connecting(联系) people through robots. 可知，下划线词所在句的句意为“ Ypshifuji小时候得过一些疾病，这让他与社会隔离 ”。下划线词“isolated”的意思是“分离”，与separated意思相近。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文内容，特别是开始句 A cafe in Japan is using robot waiter controlled(控制) from home by the disabled.可知，本文主要介绍了日本的一家咖啡馆正在使用由残疾人在家控制的机器人服务员。所以本新闻的最佳标题是“ 东京咖啡馆使用残疾人控制的机器人服务员”。故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、词句猜测题和主旨大意题三种常考题型，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；词句猜测题需要联系上下文，推理猜测出需要的信息；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出最佳标题。
四、单词拼写
阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
Last Sunday morning, I visited a natural museum in a 　39． 　 (社会的) study group. There were about thirty 　40． 　 (成员) in this group. Firstly, the guide teacher　41． 　 (介绍) some of the basic information about 　42． 　 (野生) animals in both Chinese and English. She was very caring and tried to　43． 　 (解释) everything in a simple way for us to understand easily. Then we went on our 　44． 　 (自己的) visit. After we watched animal specimens (标本), we went to the 3D movie house. As for the 3D movie, I know it 　45． 　 (使感兴趣) us most and everyone likes to watch it. With fear and　46． 　 (激动), I watched a 3D movie of snakes. It looked so real that the snakes seemed to move 　47． 　 (朝向) me.
After this trip, I learnt that we should protect the environment properly and control the pollution strictly, so that all the animals can live under a 　48． 　 (更安全) and better condition.
【答案】39．social；40．members；41．introduced；42．wild；43．explain；44．own；45．interests；46．excitement；47．towards；48．safer
【知识点】记叙文；周末活动；身边的事物与环境；excitement；explain；interest；introduce；member；own；safe；social；towards；wild
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了作者上周日参观自然博物馆的经历。
【点评】考查单词拼写，注意根据所给词义和句子结构确定词性和词形。解答此类题型的方法一般就是根据文章前后句子之间意思推断出词义，并结合首字母推断出所缺单词，然后根据该单词在句子中的句子成分，所起作用，确定单词词形，进行适当词形变化。
39．句意：上周日上午，我在一个社会学习小组参观了一个自然博物馆。"社会的"social，形容词作定语修饰名词group。故填social。
40．句意：这个小组大约有30个成员。"成员"member，被30修饰，用名词复数形式，故填members。
41．句意：首先，导游老师用中英文介绍了一些野生动物的基本信息。"介绍"introduce，根据"She was"可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用动词的过去式，故填introduced。
42．句意：首先，导游老师用中英文介绍了一些野生动物的基本信息。空处作定语修饰名词animals，所以用wild表示"野生的"，故填wild。
43．句意：她很有爱心，并试图用简单的方式解释一切，让我们很容易理解。"解释"explain，try to do sth"试图做某事"，故填explain。
44．句意：然后我们自己去参观了。"自己的"own，形容词作定语修饰名词visit。故填own。
45．句意：至于3D电影，我知道它最吸引我们，每个人都喜欢看它。"使感兴趣"interest，主语是it，结合"everyone likes"可知，时态是一般现在时，所以空处用动词的三单形式，故填interests。
46．句意：带着恐惧和激动，我看了一部关于蛇的3D电影。"激动"excitement，作介词with的宾语，故填excitement。
47．句意：它看起来如此真实，蛇似乎向我移动。"朝向"towards，介词，故填towards。
48．句意：这次旅行后，我学到了我们应该适当地保护环境，严格控制污染，这样所有的动物都能生活在一个更安全和更好的条件下。"更安全的"safer，形容词作定语，故填safer。
49．In Autumn, the path is usually 　 　 (覆盖) with golden fallen leaves.
【答案】covered
【知识点】过去式和过去分词；一般现在时的被动语态；及物动词；cover
【解析】【分析】句意：在秋天，道路通畅被金色的落叶覆盖着。覆盖，cover，动词。根据前面be动词is和固定搭配，be covered with…，被……覆盖着，可知此处使用cover的过去分词，故填covered。
【点评】考查单词拼写，注意被动语态和固定搭配be covered with的正确使用。
50． Don't　 　(触摸)the machine with your wet hand. It's dangerous.
【答案】touch
【知识点】动词原形；“Don't+动词原形”的否定祈使句；touch
【解析】【分析】句意：不要用湿手触摸机器。这很危险。触摸，touch，动词，根据原句Don't是祈使句，可知此处是后接动词原形touch。故答案为touch。
【点评】考查动词原形。根据句中关键词判断词性。
51． Who　 　(发明;创造) the coffee machine Mike looked through the Internet to find it out.
【答案】invented
【知识点】过去式和过去分词；一般过去时；invent
【解析】【分析】句意：谁发明了咖啡机？迈克浏览网络来寻找。发明，创造invent，动词，根据looked可知时态是一般过去时，invent的过去式是invented，故答案为invented。
【点评】考查动词的形式。注意识记动词invent的用法。
52．We need some 　 　（工具）while making the machine.
【答案】tools
【知识点】规则变化的可数名词复数；tool
【解析】【分析】句意：当制造这个机器时我们需要一些工具。工具，tool，名词。根据前面some，一些，后面接名词复数，可知此处使用tool的复数形式，故填tools。
【点评】考查单词拼写，注意some后接可数名词复数的正确使用。
53．You must be 　 　 (小心的) when you go across the street.
【答案】careful
【知识点】形容词原级；careful
【解析】【分析】句意：当你横穿街道的时候必须小心点。固定搭配be careful，小心的、仔细的，故填careful。
【点评】考查固定搭配。注意单词和短语的积累。
54． We are pleased that the school rules 　 　 (允许) us to bring healthy snacks.
【答案】allow
【知识点】动词原形；及物动词；allow
【解析】【分析】句意：我们很开心，校规允许我们带健康的零食。允许allow，动词。根据are pleased可知，句子时态为一般现在时，空前主语the school rules (校规) 为复数形式，所以填入动词原形。故答案为allow。
【点评】考查动词原形。确保所选动词能够准确表达句子中的动作或状态，并符合句子的时态和语态要求。
五、书面表达
55． 假定你是班长李辉，交换生Daniel即将来你班学习，他写邮件向你询问实验室规则。请你结合下面要点，给他写一封回信。
要点：1.穿戴防护用品；2.听从老师指令；3.物品用完归位。
参考词汇:equipment(n.设备);experiment(n.实验)
注意：1.邮件须包含以上要点和图示所有信息，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2.文中不得出现真实姓名和地名；3.词数80~100(邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数)。
Dear Daniel,
Since you've learnt about some of our school rules, I'd like to tell you the rules in the science lab in this letter.
Yours,
Li Hui
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Daniel，
Since you've learnt about some of our school rules, I'd like to tell you the rules in the science lab in this letter.
In the science lab, we have some simple rules to follow. First, we must wear safety glasses and the lab coats, which keep us safe. Next, we should be careful when using tools and equipment. Always follow the teacher's instructions when doing experiments. Food and drinks are not allowed in the lab so that we can always keep things clean and safe. After we finish an experiment, we should wash our hands. And, we clean up our workspace and put things back where they belong.
By following these simple rules, we can have a fun and safe time learning science in the lab.
Yours，
Li Hui
【知识点】提纲作文；科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇提纲作文，要求结合下面要点，给他写一封关于实验室规则的回信。写作内容包括 穿戴防护用品，听从老师指令，和物品用完归位等 。 根据内容要求可知本文的主要时态为一般现在时，人称为第二人称。注意并列连词的使用和主谓一致问题，写作中要注意上下文的过渡和逻辑，要符合英语的表达习惯。
【点评】这篇短文对原因、经历和方法三个方面进行了逐一论述。内容全面、详尽，意思连贯，表达清楚，时态和人称的运用灵活准确。其中First, we must wear safety glasses and the lab coats, which keep us safe. 使用的shich引导的定语从句和 Food and drinks are not allowed in the lab so that we can always keep things clean and safe. 重so that引导的结果状语从句等句型使得文章的逻辑性大大增强；使用的keep sb./sth. +形容词"使某人/某物保持……"，clean up"打扫"，follow rules"遵守规则"等短语增加了文章的可读性。日常进行写作训练注意多运用常见句式和短语，使表达更为流畅。
1 / 1沪教版英语八年级下册Unit 6 Learning by doing单元综合素养培优
一、单项选择题
1．—I've just borrowed a camera, but I don't know _______.
—You can read the instructions.
A．how to use it B．what to use it
C．when to use D．what to use
2．Thomas Edison invented ____ light bulb(灯泡). he was ____ unusual man.
A．a; a B．an; an C．the; an
3．Our teacher often warns us ____ loudly in class.
A．talking B．not talking C．to talk D．not to talk
4．We ________ follow the traffic rules and wear helmets.
A．can B．must C．may D．might
5． My parents don't allow me ____ my phone on school days.
A．to use B．use C．using D．used
6． You should be careful ____ the electricity because it is a dangerous servant.
A．with B．for C．on D．at
7． We need to find a proper way ____ the problem between teenagers and parents.
A．solve B．solving C．to solve D．solved
8．Our computers are connected ___________the printers ___________our office.
A．to; in B．with; from C．from; to D．to; with
9． Sorry, I'm busy at the moment. I ____ an experiment.
A．am doing B．have done C．will do D．was doing
10． ____ less time on the phone at night, or you'll find it hard to fall asleep.
A．Spend B．Spending C．To spend D．Spent
11． ____ is important to bring a small gift when visiting a Chinese friend.
A．It B．This C．That
12． They allow people ____ in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.
A．keep B．keeping C．to keep D．kept
13． It's not eаsy to lеаrn thе viоlin, but don't ____ easily.
A．give uр B．get оvеr C．tаkе up D．go оut
14．He covered the table ________ a cloth.
A．by B．for C．with D．in
15．To keep safe, we _________ follow the traffic rules.
A．must B．would C．might D．need
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和 D)中选出一个最佳选项。
Bob is afraid of going to the lab(实验室) again. An accident happened last month. After 16． the experiment(实验) with other students in the lab, he 17． all the useless things in the dustbin. Suddenly, one of the bottles fell from his hands. He went to pick it up. But he hurt 18． . He cut his hand. 19． scared Bob was!
The teacher quickly helped him wash the cut and 20． on it to stop bleeding. And then some students found a clean 21． . The teacher put it 22． the cut. The teacher and his classmates 23． him to go to the hospital, but he didn't go. He thought he would be OK. But later, the 24． was worse than before. Bob had a 25． , so the teacher drove Bob to the hospital. Luckily, it was not really 26． . The doctor took Bob's temperature and said he had a fever caused(引起) by the cut. And then the doctor put some 27． on the cut and advised him to take 28． .
There are many 29． in doing experiments. The students will become more careful 30． they are in the lab after the accident.
16．A．finishing B．playing C．cleaning D．taking
17．A．touched B．put C．moved D．chose
18．A．him B．he C．himself D．His
19．A．How B．What C．Which D．When
20．A．call B．wait C．look D．press
21．A．bandage B．clothes C．bags D．hand
22．A．in B．on C．at D．by
23．A．agreed B．chose C．ordered D．asked
24．A．situation B．information C．result D．resolution
25．A．fever B．cold C．headache D．toothache
26．A．comfortable B．serious C．fine D．boring
27．A．medicine B．water C．food D．temperature
28．A．breaks B．actions C．trips D．messages
29．A．surprises B．risks C．tests D．meetings
30．A．though B．because C．when D．although
三、阅读理解
阅读理解
DO IT YOURSELF SCIENCESCIENCE IIUSTRATHD Build a mini solar desalination plant. It's a beautiful day, so, let's get outside and do some science. Here's an amazing experiment (实验) that uses solar energy. You will need: ◎A large bowl ◎A tall glass ◎Some salt ◎A stone ◎Some plastic wrap (包装膜) Steps: ◎Put the water into the large bowl. Put the salt in the water. ◎Put the glass in the middle of the bowl. The top of the glass must be above the water. ◎Put the plastic wrap over the bowl and the glass. Put a stone on top of the plastic wrap. ◎Put the bowl outside in the sun. What will happen The water will get hot and then become gas. The salt will stay in the bowl, and the gas will rise and hit the plastic wrap. Then it will become water again and fall into the glass. If you take the plastic wrap off the bowl, you'll see water in the glass. If you taste the water, you'll find that there isn't any salt in it.
31．What do you need for the experiment
A．A small bowl. B．Some salt.
C．A paper cup. D．Apple juice.
32．Which of the following should you do for this experiment
A．Put the water into the tall glass.
B．Put the bowl over the top of the tall glass.
C．Take the bowl to a room without any sunlight.
D．Use the plastic wrap to cover the bowl and the glass.
33．What will happen at last
A．Only water will go into the glass.
B．Only water will stay in the bowl.
C．There will be no salt in the bowl.
D．There will be salty water in the glass.
Tuesday自动体外除颤器
The cardiac arrest happens when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops pumping blood. 90% of the people who have a cardiac arrest outside of a hospital die often within minutes. That is because they do not receive treatment quickly enough to survive. The cardiac arrest is a common cause of death. It causes about 300, 000 to 450, 000deaths in the United States each year.
If a cardiac arrest happens, rapid treatment with a medical device called Automated External Defibrillator (AED) can be lifesaving. Many AEDs can be easily seen in public places, including offices, schools, shopping malls, grocery stores, and airports. An AED system includes an AED and its necessary accessories, such as a battery and pad electrodes(片状电极). The AED gives verbal instructions to users, which means it gives voice instructions to tell users how to use it.
This is how an AED works. First, the user turns on the AED and follows the recorded voice instructions. Second, the user puts two electrodes on the chest of the person in a cardiac arrest. ④Third, the electrodes send information about the person's heart rhythm to the AED, and then it decides whether an electric shock is needed. Fourth, if a shock is needed, the AED tells the user when to press a button to give a shock. In some AEDs, the user doesn't need to press any button. The AEDs will give a shock themselves.
34．Why do so many people in a cardiac arrest outside a hospital die
A．Because 90% of them lose too much blood.
B．Because they can't get treatment fast enough.
C．Because they don't know how to use an AED.
D．Because no one uses an AED to save their lives.
35．Where can we most probably NOT see an AED
A．Schools. B．Airports. C．Taxis. D．Offices.
36．Who decides whether an electric shock is needed
A．The AED. B．The user.
C．A doctor. D．Heart rhythm.
37．Where can you most probably read this article
A．A geography textbook. B．A health website.
C．A science fiction book. D．A shopping mall.
38．阅读理解
A cafe in Japan is using robot
waiter controlled(控制)from
home by the disabled.
The robots, about as tall as a
seven-year-old child, send out sound and video over the Internet, allowing the
disabled to control them with computers.
Engineers behind the project
said that they hope to provide jobs for people who have difficulty in moving
their bodies.
If it is successful, there will
be a permanent(永久的)cafe
before the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo.
"Everyone should have the
freedom to work in the way they like," said Masatane Muto, an ALS patient
and one of the leaders of the project. "I want to send out the message
toward 2020 that you can show your friendly behaviour even if you have
disabilities."
The cafe in Tokyo will open on
weekends from November 26 to December 7.
They have also been used in
classrooms by students who cannot go to school because of illness or other
reasons.
"I want to create a world
in which people who can't move their bodies can work too," said Kentaro
Yoshifuji, the CEO of Ory Lab, the developer of the robots.
Ypshifuji
had some illness as a child that left him socially isolated. He had to
stay away from others. This experience drove him to study robotics at Tokyo's
Waseda University in the hopes of connecting(联系)people through robots.
（1）According to the news, the engineers behind the project hope to .
A．bring more new robots to the cafe
B．set up more modern coffee shops
C．help more children to learn about robots
D．give the disabled more chances to work
（2）We can learn from the news that .
A．Ypshifuji studied robots to cure his own illness
B．Ypshifuji is disabled and controlled by a robot
C．Robots can connect the disabled with others
D．Robots are designed just for the Olympics
（3）Which of the following has the similar meaning to the underlined word "isolated"
A．separated B．treated C．avoided D．supported
（4）What is the best title for the news
A．Tokyo cafe trying hard to prepare for the coming Olympics.
B．Tokyo cafe to use robot waiters controlled by the disabled.
C．Disabled people playing a role in developing robot waiters.
D．New robots to be provided in cafe for the 2020 Olympics.
四、单词拼写
阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
Last Sunday morning, I visited a natural museum in a 　39． 　 (社会的) study group. There were about thirty 　40． 　 (成员) in this group. Firstly, the guide teacher　41． 　 (介绍) some of the basic information about 　42． 　 (野生) animals in both Chinese and English. She was very caring and tried to　43． 　 (解释) everything in a simple way for us to understand easily. Then we went on our 　44． 　 (自己的) visit. After we watched animal specimens (标本), we went to the 3D movie house. As for the 3D movie, I know it 　45． 　 (使感兴趣) us most and everyone likes to watch it. With fear and　46． 　 (激动), I watched a 3D movie of snakes. It looked so real that the snakes seemed to move 　47． 　 (朝向) me.
After this trip, I learnt that we should protect the environment properly and control the pollution strictly, so that all the animals can live under a 　48． 　 (更安全) and better condition.
49．In Autumn, the path is usually 　 　 (覆盖) with golden fallen leaves.
50． Don't　 　(触摸)the machine with your wet hand. It's dangerous.
51． Who　 　(发明;创造) the coffee machine Mike looked through the Internet to find it out.
52．We need some 　 　（工具）while making the machine.
53．You must be 　 　 (小心的) when you go across the street.
54． We are pleased that the school rules 　 　 (允许) us to bring healthy snacks.
五、书面表达
55． 假定你是班长李辉，交换生Daniel即将来你班学习，他写邮件向你询问实验室规则。请你结合下面要点，给他写一封回信。
要点：1.穿戴防护用品；2.听从老师指令；3.物品用完归位。
参考词汇:equipment(n.设备);experiment(n.实验)
注意：1.邮件须包含以上要点和图示所有信息，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2.文中不得出现真实姓名和地名；3.词数80~100(邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数)。
Dear Daniel,
Since you've learnt about some of our school rules, I'd like to tell you the rules in the science lab in this letter.
Yours,
Li Hui
答案解析部分
1．【答案】A
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】由上句句意“我借了一个照相机，但我不知道怎么用。”可知是关于方式的，要用how。
2．【答案】C
【知识点】表示一类人或物中任何一个；第一次提及某人某物，且不是特指；用于发明物、单位、方位或身体部位前；an；the
【解析】【分析】句意：托马斯·爱迪生发明了灯泡。他是个不寻常的人。空一，light bulb是发明物，故用定冠词修饰，空二，man是名词单数，第一次提及某人，表示泛指，unusual是以元音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词an表示泛指一个，故选C。
【点评】考查冠词，注意识记修饰发明物用定冠词，不定冠词an的用法。
3．【答案】D
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：老师经常警告我们不要在课堂上大声说话。talking说话（现在分词/动名词）；not talking不讲话（否定形式）；to talk要说话（动词不定式）；not to talk不要说话（否定不定式）。
根据"Our teacher often warns us...loudly in class."可知，warn sb not to do sth"警告某人不要做某事"，所以该空应用动词不定式的否定形式。故选D。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（动词不定式）。注意：熟练识记后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词。
4．【答案】B
【知识点】must
5．【答案】A
【知识点】固定搭配；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我父母不允许我在上学的日子使用手机。A.to use使用（动词不定式形式）；B.use使用（动词原形）；C.using使用（动名词或现在分词形式）；D.used使用（过去式或过去分词形式）。根据"allow me"以及固定搭配"allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事"可知，这里应该用动词不定式"to use"，故答案为：A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词。注意"allow sb. to do sth."这一固定搭配。
6．【答案】A
【知识点】介词短语；固定搭配；with
【解析】【分析】句意： 你应该小心电，因为它是一个危险的仆人。A.和；B.为了；C.在……上面；D.在。be careful with sth小心……，固定搭配，故选A。
【点评】考查介词辨析和固定搭配。注意固定搭配be careful with 的用法。
7．【答案】C
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我们需要找到一个合适的方法来解决青少年和父母之间的问题。 solve 是实义动词，意为"解决"，原形是 solve，动名词是 solving，不定式是 to solve，过去式是 solved。 本句使用了固定结构 a way to do sth.，表示"做某事的方法"，其中动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词 way，因此用 to solve，故选C。
【点评】考查动词不定式，注意掌握固定结构 **a way to do sth.**，该结构中不定式作后置定语修饰名词，是初中英语的高频考点，需牢记结构用法，避免误选动名词、动词原形或过去式。
8．【答案】A
【知识点】固定搭配；介词辨析；in；to
【解析】【分析】句意：我们的电脑和办公室的打印机连在一起了。connect…to，使……与……相连，固定搭配；在办公室用介词in，故答案为A。
【点评】考查介词辨析和固定搭配。注意识记connect…to和in one's office的用法。
9．【答案】A
【知识点】现在进行时；其他语法一致形式
【解析】【分析】句意：抱歉，我现在很忙。我正在做一个实验。 am doing 现在正在做，现在进行时； have
done 已经做了，现在完成时；will do 将要做，一般将来时； was doing 过去正在做，过去进行时。
根据"Sorry, I'm busy at the moment."可知，句子表达的是正在忙于的事情，符合现在进行时的用法；现在进行时的结构为am/is/are+doing，句子主语I，第一人称单数，谓语动词应用am doing。故选A。
【点评】考查现在进行时以及主谓一致。注意准确理解题干句子语境，结合时态以及主谓一致相关知识选择正确的时态。
10．【答案】A
【知识点】祈使句+and(or)+陈述句；“动词原形+宾语+其他成分”的祈使句；spend
【解析】【分析】句意：晚上少花点时间在手机上，否则你会发现很难入睡。A.Spend，动词原形；B.Spending，现在分词/动名词；C.To spend，动词不定式；D.Spent，动词过去式/过去分词。分析句子结构可知，这是"祈使句 + or + 陈述句"结构，祈使句需用动词原形开头，故选A。
【点评】考查祈使句。注意"祈使句 + or/and + 陈述句"的结构，祈使句用动词原形。
11．【答案】A
【知识点】主格人称代词；“It's+adj.(+for+sb.)+不定式” 表示“做某事对某人来说……”；IT
【解析】【分析】句意：拜访中国朋友时带一份小礼物是很重要的。A.它；B.这个；C.那个。important重要的，形容词；to bring动词不定式。It is+形容词+to do sth.做某事是怎样的，固定搭配，故选A。
【点评】考查代词，注意掌握固定搭配It is+形容词+to do sth.，理解句意。
12．【答案】C
【知识点】固定搭配；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：他们允许人们随时随地保持联系。A：keep保持，动词原形；B：keeping现在分词或动名词；C：to keep不定式；D：kept过去式或过去分词。固定搭配allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事，用不定式作宾补，故选C。
【点评】考查不定式作宾补。由固定搭配，确定动词的正确形式。
13．【答案】A
【知识点】短语辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：学习小提琴并不容易，但不要轻易放弃。A.放弃；B.克服；C.占据；D.出去。根据It's not eаsy to lеаrn thе viоlin学习小提琴并不容易，结合选项可知讲的是不要轻易放弃学习小提琴，故选A。
【点评】考查短语辨析，首先理解短语意思，然后根据关键词句It's not eаsy to lеаrn thе viоlin确定答案，理解句意。
14．【答案】C
【知识点】固定搭配；介词辨析；with
【解析】【分析】句意：她用一块布盖着桌子。by通过；for为了；with使用；in在.....里，cover...with...用......覆盖，固定搭配，故选C。
【点评】考查固定搭配。注意固定短语cover...with...的用法。
15．【答案】A
【知识点】must
【答案】16．A；17．B；18．C；19．A；20．D；21．A；22．B；23．D；24．A；25．A；26．B；27．A；28．A；29．B；30．C
【知识点】日常生活类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了Bob在做实验的时候发生了事故，伤到了手，在老师简单处理后，老师和同学建议带他去医院，但是他没去，后来情况变得糟糕，去了医院，幸运的是情况不是很严重，擦药多休息，所以此处事故发生后大家做实验都变得更加小心的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。
16．句意：在实验室和其他同学完成实验后，他把所有无用的东西都扔进了垃圾箱。A：finishing完成，B：playing玩，C：cleaning打扫，D：taking带走，根据空格后all the useless things in the dustbin. 无用的东西都扔进了垃圾箱。可知是在实验完成后丢掉，应用finishing，故选A。
17．句意：在实验室和其他同学完成实验后，他把所有无用的东西都扔进了垃圾箱。A：touched接触，B：put放，C：moved移动，D：chose关闭，根据all the useless things in the dustbin. 无用的东西都扔进了垃圾箱。可知此处是指把无用的东西放进垃圾箱，应用put，故选B。
18．句意：他把自己的手割伤了，鲍勃吓坏了！A：him他，B：he他，C：himself他自己，D：His他的，固定搭配hurt oneself，伤到自己，可知此处应用himself， 故选C。
19．句意：他把自己的手割伤了，鲍勃吓坏了！A：How多么，B：What多么，C：Which哪一个，D：When什么时候，根据感叹号，可知此处为感叹句，空格后scared，害怕的，形容词，句型结构How+adj/adv+主语+谓语! 而what引导后加名词，可知此处应用how引导，故选A。
20．句意：老师很快帮他洗了伤口，按了止血。A：call称呼，B：wait等待，C：look看，D：press按，压，根据空格后stop bleeding. 止血常识可知应是按住伤口，应用press，故选D，
21．句意：然后一些学生找到了干净的绷带。A：bandage绷带，B：clothes衣服，C：bags包，D：hand手，根据上文The teacher quickly helped him wash the cut. 老师很快帮他洗了伤口。可知此处是指受伤处理好后应用绷带包扎，应用bandage，故选A。
22．句意：老师把它贴在伤口上。A：in在......里，B：on在......上，C：at在，D：by通过，结合上文，此处是指把绷带放在伤口的上面，动词短语put on，放上，可知此处应用on，故选B。
23．句意：老师和同学叫他去医院，但他没有去。A：agreed同意，B：chose选择，C：ordered预定，D：asked让，根据空格后to go to the hospital. 可知此处是老师和同学让他去医院，应用asked，故选D。
24．句意：但后来，情况比以前更糟了。A：situation情况，B：information信息，C：result结果，D：resolution决心，根据下文so the teacher drove Bob to the hospital. 所以老师开车送鲍勃去医院。可知此处是指受伤的情况比之前更糟了，应用situation，故选A。
25．句意：鲍勃发烧了，所以老师开车送他去医院。A：fever发烧，B：cold冷，C：headache头痛，D：toothache牙痛，根据下文The doctor took Bob's temperature and said he had a fever caused(引起) by the cut. 医生量了鲍勃的体温，说他因为伤口发烧了。可知此处是指发烧了，应用fever，故选A。
26．句意：幸运的是，情况并不严重。A：comfortable舒服的，B：serious严重的，C：fine好的，D：boring无聊的，根据空格前Luckily，幸运的是，可知此处是指情况还不是很严重，应用serious，故选B。
27．句意：然后医生在伤口上涂了一些药，并建议他休息一下。A：medicine药物，B：water水，C：food食物，D：temperature温度，根据空格后on the cut，在伤口上应是涂药，可知此处应用medicine，故选A。
28．句意：然后医生在伤口上涂了一些药，并建议他休息一下。A：breaks休息，B：actions行动，C：trips旅行，D：messages信息，医生建议擦药，多休息，动词短语take breaks，休息，可知此处应用breaks，故选A。
29．句意：做实验有很多风险。A：surprises惊喜，B：risks风险，C：tests测试，D：meetings会议，根据下文The students will become more careful when they are in the lab after the accident. 事故发生后，学生们在实验室里会变得更加小心。可知此处是指做实验有风险，应用risks，故选B。
30．句意：事故发生后，学生们在实验室里会变得更加小心。A：though通过，B：because因为，C：when当.....时候，D：although虽然，根据空格前The students will become more careful. 学生们在实验室里会变得更加小心。可知此处是指当事故发生后，应用when，故选C。
【答案】31．B
32．D
33．A
【知识点】科普类；说明文；细节理解
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一个利用太阳能淡化盐水的简易实验。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题一种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。
31．细节理解题。根据"You will need:...◎Some salt...（你将需要：一些盐）"可知，你需要一些盐来做实验。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据"Steps:...◎Put the plastic wrap over the bowl and the glass...（步骤：用保鲜膜盖住碗和玻璃杯）"可知，在这个实验中，你应该用保鲜膜盖住碗和玻璃杯。故选D。
33．细节理解题。根据"What will happen The water will get hot and then become gas. The salt will stay in the bowl, and the gas will rise and hit the plastic wrap. Then it will become water again and fall into the glass. If you take the plastic wrap off the bowl, you'll see water in the glass.（会发生什么？水会变热然后变成气体。盐会留在碗里，气体上升后撞到塑料膜，然后再次变成水落到玻璃杯里。如果你把塑料膜从碗上取下来，你会在玻璃杯里看到水。）"可知，最后只有水会进入玻璃杯。故选A。
【答案】34．B
35．C
36．A
37．B
【知识点】科普类；说明文；细节理解；文章出处
【解析】【分析】主要讲了如果发生心搏停止，使用自动体外除颤器进行快速治疗可以挽救生命。本文详细介绍了自动体外除颤器的结构、功能及使用方法。
【点评】考查阅读理解，在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
34．细节理解题。根据90% of the people who have a cardiac arrest outside of a hospital die often within minutes. That is because they do not receive treatment quickly enough to survive.(90% 在医院外发生心脏骤停的人通常在几分钟内死亡。这是因为他们没有得到足够快的治疗来存活)，可知很多在医院外发生心脏骤停的人死亡是因为他们不能得到足够快的治疗，B选项正确，故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据Many AEDs can be easily seen in public places, including offices, schools,shopping malls,grocery stores,and airports.(许多自动体外除颤器(AED)在公共场所很容易看到，包括办公室、学校、购物中心、杂货店和机场）,可知在办公室、学校、机场等公共场所能看到AED，而出租车不属于这些公共场所，所以在出租车里最不可能看到AED，C选项正确，故选 C。
36．细节理解题。根据Third,the electrodes send information about the person's heart rhythm to the AED, and then it decides whether an electric shock is needed.(第三，电极将关于患者心律的信息发送到AED，然后AED决定是否需要电击)，可知决定是否需要电击的是AED，A选项正确。B选项"使用者"、C选项"医生"、D选项"心律"均不符合原文描述，故选A。
37．文章出处题。A.地理书；B.健康网站；C.科幻书；D.购物中心。文章主要介绍了心脏骤停的情况以及自动体外除颤器(AED)的作用、使用方法和工作原理等与健康相关的内容，本文关于心脏骤停和AED的内容适合在健康网站上阅读，故选B。
38．【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【知识点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了日本的一家咖啡馆正在使用由残疾人在家控制的机器人服务员。这些机器人通过互联网发送声音和视频，允许残疾人用电脑控制它们。该项目的工程师表示，他们希望为行动不便的人提供工作。
（1）细节理解题。根据第三段 Engineers behind the project said that they hope to provide jobs for people who have difficulty in moving their bodies. 可知，该项目的工程师表示，他们希望为行动不便的人提供工作。也就是说给残疾人提供更多工作机会。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据短文最后一句 This experience drove him to study robotics at Tokyo's Waseda University in the hopes of connecting(联系) people through robots.可知，机器人能够将残疾人和其他人联系起来。故选C。
（3）词句猜测题。根据后面的句子 This experience drove him to study robotics at Tokyo's Waseda University in the hopes of connecting(联系) people through robots. 可知，下划线词所在句的句意为“ Ypshifuji小时候得过一些疾病，这让他与社会隔离 ”。下划线词“isolated”的意思是“分离”，与separated意思相近。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文内容，特别是开始句 A cafe in Japan is using robot waiter controlled(控制) from home by the disabled.可知，本文主要介绍了日本的一家咖啡馆正在使用由残疾人在家控制的机器人服务员。所以本新闻的最佳标题是“ 东京咖啡馆使用残疾人控制的机器人服务员”。故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、词句猜测题和主旨大意题三种常考题型，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；词句猜测题需要联系上下文，推理猜测出需要的信息；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出最佳标题。
【答案】39．social；40．members；41．introduced；42．wild；43．explain；44．own；45．interests；46．excitement；47．towards；48．safer
【知识点】记叙文；周末活动；身边的事物与环境；excitement；explain；interest；introduce；member；own；safe；social；towards；wild
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了作者上周日参观自然博物馆的经历。
【点评】考查单词拼写，注意根据所给词义和句子结构确定词性和词形。解答此类题型的方法一般就是根据文章前后句子之间意思推断出词义，并结合首字母推断出所缺单词，然后根据该单词在句子中的句子成分，所起作用，确定单词词形，进行适当词形变化。
39．句意：上周日上午，我在一个社会学习小组参观了一个自然博物馆。"社会的"social，形容词作定语修饰名词group。故填social。
40．句意：这个小组大约有30个成员。"成员"member，被30修饰，用名词复数形式，故填members。
41．句意：首先，导游老师用中英文介绍了一些野生动物的基本信息。"介绍"introduce，根据"She was"可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用动词的过去式，故填introduced。
42．句意：首先，导游老师用中英文介绍了一些野生动物的基本信息。空处作定语修饰名词animals，所以用wild表示"野生的"，故填wild。
43．句意：她很有爱心，并试图用简单的方式解释一切，让我们很容易理解。"解释"explain，try to do sth"试图做某事"，故填explain。
44．句意：然后我们自己去参观了。"自己的"own，形容词作定语修饰名词visit。故填own。
45．句意：至于3D电影，我知道它最吸引我们，每个人都喜欢看它。"使感兴趣"interest，主语是it，结合"everyone likes"可知，时态是一般现在时，所以空处用动词的三单形式，故填interests。
46．句意：带着恐惧和激动，我看了一部关于蛇的3D电影。"激动"excitement，作介词with的宾语，故填excitement。
47．句意：它看起来如此真实，蛇似乎向我移动。"朝向"towards，介词，故填towards。
48．句意：这次旅行后，我学到了我们应该适当地保护环境，严格控制污染，这样所有的动物都能生活在一个更安全和更好的条件下。"更安全的"safer，形容词作定语，故填safer。
49．【答案】covered
【知识点】过去式和过去分词；一般现在时的被动语态；及物动词；cover
【解析】【分析】句意：在秋天，道路通畅被金色的落叶覆盖着。覆盖，cover，动词。根据前面be动词is和固定搭配，be covered with…，被……覆盖着，可知此处使用cover的过去分词，故填covered。
【点评】考查单词拼写，注意被动语态和固定搭配be covered with的正确使用。
50．【答案】touch
【知识点】动词原形；“Don't+动词原形”的否定祈使句；touch
【解析】【分析】句意：不要用湿手触摸机器。这很危险。触摸，touch，动词，根据原句Don't是祈使句，可知此处是后接动词原形touch。故答案为touch。
【点评】考查动词原形。根据句中关键词判断词性。
51．【答案】invented
【知识点】过去式和过去分词；一般过去时；invent
【解析】【分析】句意：谁发明了咖啡机？迈克浏览网络来寻找。发明，创造invent，动词，根据looked可知时态是一般过去时，invent的过去式是invented，故答案为invented。
【点评】考查动词的形式。注意识记动词invent的用法。
52．【答案】tools
【知识点】规则变化的可数名词复数；tool
【解析】【分析】句意：当制造这个机器时我们需要一些工具。工具，tool，名词。根据前面some，一些，后面接名词复数，可知此处使用tool的复数形式，故填tools。
【点评】考查单词拼写，注意some后接可数名词复数的正确使用。
53．【答案】careful
【知识点】形容词原级；careful
【解析】【分析】句意：当你横穿街道的时候必须小心点。固定搭配be careful，小心的、仔细的，故填careful。
【点评】考查固定搭配。注意单词和短语的积累。
54．【答案】allow
【知识点】动词原形；及物动词；allow
【解析】【分析】句意：我们很开心，校规允许我们带健康的零食。允许allow，动词。根据are pleased可知，句子时态为一般现在时，空前主语the school rules (校规) 为复数形式，所以填入动词原形。故答案为allow。
【点评】考查动词原形。确保所选动词能够准确表达句子中的动作或状态，并符合句子的时态和语态要求。
55．【答案】One possible version:
Dear Daniel，
Since you've learnt about some of our school rules, I'd like to tell you the rules in the science lab in this letter.
In the science lab, we have some simple rules to follow. First, we must wear safety glasses and the lab coats, which keep us safe. Next, we should be careful when using tools and equipment. Always follow the teacher's instructions when doing experiments. Food and drinks are not allowed in the lab so that we can always keep things clean and safe. After we finish an experiment, we should wash our hands. And, we clean up our workspace and put things back where they belong.
By following these simple rules, we can have a fun and safe time learning science in the lab.
Yours，
Li Hui
【知识点】提纲作文；科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇提纲作文，要求结合下面要点，给他写一封关于实验室规则的回信。写作内容包括 穿戴防护用品，听从老师指令，和物品用完归位等 。 根据内容要求可知本文的主要时态为一般现在时，人称为第二人称。注意并列连词的使用和主谓一致问题，写作中要注意上下文的过渡和逻辑，要符合英语的表达习惯。
【点评】这篇短文对原因、经历和方法三个方面进行了逐一论述。内容全面、详尽，意思连贯，表达清楚，时态和人称的运用灵活准确。其中First, we must wear safety glasses and the lab coats, which keep us safe. 使用的shich引导的定语从句和 Food and drinks are not allowed in the lab so that we can always keep things clean and safe. 重so that引导的结果状语从句等句型使得文章的逻辑性大大增强；使用的keep sb./sth. +形容词"使某人/某物保持……"，clean up"打扫"，follow rules"遵守规则"等短语增加了文章的可读性。日常进行写作训练注意多运用常见句式和短语，使表达更为流畅。
1 / 1

展开更多......

收起↑