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(共31张PPT)
Unit 6 The power of language
Section C Grammaring
沪外教版（2024）八年级
下
Learning objectives
1
Lead in
Revision
3
Presentation
Production
5
Summary
Assessment
7
Homework
2
4
6
8
By the end of the lesson, I will be able to...
1
2
3
4
review the old words to talk about reasons；
learn to use since and as to show reasons；
tell the differences of these reason words；
use them correctly in daily sentences and conversations.
00
Learning objectives
A Grammar Journey:
The Story of "Borrowing Arrows with Straw Boats"
Learning Adverbial Clauses of Reason with since and as
The Challenge
In the Three Kingdoms period, Zhou Yu was the commander-in-chief of the Wu army. He was very jealous of Zhuge Liang's intelligence.
He gave Zhuge Liang a difficult task: "You must make 100,000 arrows ___________."
Zhuge Liang smiled and said, "I can finish it _____________."
in ten days
in three days
01
Lead in
Why was Zhuge Liang so confident
Since he knew the enemy well, he had a clever plan.
01
Lead in
Using “since”
Definition
Introduces a known reasoner a reason that is already known to the listener/reader.
It often means: "because it is a fact that..." or "as everyone knows..."
Structure
1.Since+ Clause , Main Clause .
2. Main Clause since+ Clause .
Note: 当since引导的从句位于句首时，需用逗号与主句隔开。
Examples
1.Since everyone is here, let's start the meeting.
2. He didn't go to schoolchildren was ill.
02
Presentation
In the Story...
Since he was good at astronomy, Zhuge Liang predicted there would be a heavy fog in three days.
Since the river would be covered in fog, the enemy wouldn't see clearly.
02
Presentation
Using “since”
Using “as”
Definition
as introduces a very obvious reason. It has a similar meaning to“because”.
It is often used to mean:
“for the reason that...”
“seeing that...”
Structure
As + Clause ,
Main Clause .
Main Clause,
as + Clause .
Note: When "as" comes at the end, no comma is needed.
Examples
1.As it was getting late, I decided to go home.
2.We didn't go out as it was raining.
02
Presentation
In the Story...
As the fog was very thick, the Cao army couldn't see the straw boats clearly.
As they heard the drums and shouts, the soldiers thought the enemy was attacking.
02
Presentation
Using “as”
Feature since as
Meaning 既然，因为 (已知的、显然的原因) 因为 (显而易见的、附带说明的原因)
Emphasis Emphasizes a known fact or reason that is not the main focus. Emphasizes every obvious reason, similar to "because".
Position Usually at the beginning or middle of a sentence. Usually at the beginning or middle of a sentence.
Example Since you know the answer, please tell us. As it's cold, put on your coat.
02
Presentation
1. On 3 September, 1939, a very important moment came as the King gave the speech of his life.
2. These are very powerful words since everyone makes mistakes.
3. As your speech depends on who your audience is, you should think about your listeners.
4. Since he is always against me and making things difficult, I consider him my enemy.
Q1 What is the purpose of using since or as in the sentences above
They are used to give reasons or causes.
Q2 Can we use since to replace as in sentences 1 and 3
C1.Study the blue parts and answer the questions below.
No
Yes
Grammar highlights
02
Presentation
Key Points to Remember
01 Both since and as can introduce adverbial clauses of reason.
02 They connect a reason (cause) with a result.
03 A comma is often used after the clause if it comes at the beginning of the sentence.
04 Since : The reason is a known fact.
05 As : The reason is very obvious.
02
Presentation
04
because of —— 后接名词或名词短语
because of 是介词短语，后面不能接句子，只能接名词、代词或动名词。
I don’t go out because of the heavy rain.
because —— 语气最强，最常用
表示直接、根本的原因，用来回答 Why 提问。
I was late for school because I missed the bus.
对比： because + 句子（I was late because I missed the bus.）
because of + 名词（I was late because of the bus.）
Grammar highlights
Presentation
for —— 语气最弱，补充说明
for 也表示原因，但它是并列连词，不能放在句首，只能放在句中，用来补充说明或推测理由。
It must be morning, for the birds are singing.
注意区别： because → 直接原因（最常用）
for → 补充推测（不直接）
due to —— 正式用语，常用于书面
due to 意思也是“由于”，多用于正式文体或书面语。
The game was cancelled due to bad weather.
thanks to —— 多用于正面原因
thanks to 表示“多亏了”，通常用于好的、积极的原因。
Thanks to your help, I passed the exam.
02
Grammar highlights
Presentation
C2.Match the questions with the answers and use since/as to combine each pair.
Questions
1. Why does the vocabulary of English language keep increasing
2. Why does English change over time
3. Why does English borrow words from other languages
4. Why are some English words easy to understand by speakers of other languages
Answers
a. It is greatly influenced by different cultures.
b. These words have rich meanings.
c. These words may be borrowed from other languages.
d. It never stops learning from other cultures.
1 — d 2 — a 3 — c 4 — b
Match and combine
03
Practice
1.The vocabulary of the English language keeps increasing since/as it never stops learning from other cultures.
2.English changes over time since it is greatly influenced by different cultures.
3.English borrows words from other languages as these words may come from other cultures.
4.Some English words are easy to understand by speakers of other languages since they have rich meanings.
C2.Match the questions with the answers and use since/as to combine each pair.
Match and combine
02
Practice
A: Have you watched the film The King's Speech
B: Yes. I was really moved 1 __________ King George VI made a perfect speech in the end.
A: The ending surely was very impressive. The King trusted Lionel Logue
2 __________ he was a great doctor.
B: Yes. His way of using Shakespeare's play was effective 3 __________ it helped the King to control his breathing and speaking speed.
A: That's why the King's speech skills improved a lot.
B: And that famous speech was also meaningful 4 __________ it gave the British people hope in those dark days.
A: Yes. 5 ___________ the King's speech was encouraging and powerful, it also showed the power of words.
plete the conversation with since/as.
as / since
As / since
as / since
as / since
as / since
Complete the conversation
Practice
04
I found that there are many loanwords in different languages. Taking English as an example, loanwords are very important. They often appear in the most basic English vocabulary. These loanwords allow English-speaking people to communicate with the rest of the world more easily and clearly.
During my study, I realised that language makes us human. It is an important part of human connection. We need it to communicate in our daily life. It helps us share our feelings and thoughts with others. Language is also an important life skill. It gives us the ability to tell others what to do in any situation.
C4.Rewrite the underlined sentences with since/as.
Since/As they often appear in the most basic English vocabulary, loanwords are very important.
Since/As it gives us the ability to tell others what to do in any situation, language is also an important life skill.
Since/As it helps us share our feelings and thoughts with others, we need it to communicate in our daily life.
Grammar highlights
03
Practice
Group Discussion
Topic
Why do you think Zhuge Liang is a hero Give at least two reasons using since or as.
Example:Since he was very calm, he could think of a good plan.
04
Production
Retell the Story
Fill in the Blanks
Zhuge Liang successfully borrowed 100,000 arrows. _________ he knew the weather well, he chose a foggy day. _________ the fog was very thick, the enemy couldn't see the straw men on the boats. They shot arrows towards the sound. __________ the soldiers collected all the arrows, they went back happily. Zhou Yu was shocked _________ he saw the 100,000 arrows.
Tips: Use 'since' or 'as' to connect the sentences.
04
Production
As / Since
As / Since
As / Since
As / Since
Picture Talking
..., he uses a tissue.
..., she can't go to the park.
..., he wants to get good grades.
As he has a cold, he uses a tissue.
As it is raining, she can't go to the park.
Since he studies hard, he wants to get good grades.
04
Production
1. Work with your partner.
2. Make conversations with since / as according to pictures.
3. Share your sentences in class.
Show time
Talk clearly (内容清晰)
Pronunciation(发音标准)
Body language(使用肢体语言)
Fluently(流利的)
Reasonable(理由合理)
Grade and share:
1.Fill in the blanks with since or as .
Basic Drills
01.________ you are tired, you should take a rest.
02.We had to walk ________ the bus was late.
03.________ everyone is ready, let's begin our game.
Scenario Application
04.He stayed at home ________ he had no car.
05._________ it's a public holiday, all the shops are closed.
05
Summary
As / Since
As / Since
As / Since
As / Since
As / Since
Summary
05
2.Complete the sentences with because of, due to, or thanks to.
1. The sports meeting was put off ______________ the bad weather.
2. ___________ your help, I finished the work on time.
3. His success is ___________ his hard work and dedication.
4. She couldn't attend the party ________________ a prior engagement.
because of / due to
Thanks to
due to
because of / due to
Complete the sentences
Summary
05
3.There is one mistake in each sentence. Find and correct it.
1. As he is my friend, so I always help him.
As he is my friend, I always help him. (去掉so)
2. Why are you late - As I missed the train.
Why are you late - Because I missed the train. (As → Because)
3. He didn't come to school because of he was ill.
He didn't come to school because he was ill. (去掉of)
4. Due to he worked hard, he passed the exam.
Because he worked hard, he passed the exam. (Due to → Because)
Find and correct
Summary
05
4.Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.
1. He was late because he missed the bus. (because of)
He was late because of missing the bus.
2. She was happy because she won the prize. (to win)
She was happy to win the prize.
3. Since the weather was fine, we went for a picnic. (As)
As the weather was fine, we went for a picnic.
4. Thanks to your support, we achieved our goal. (because of)
We achieved our goal because of your support.
Rewrite the sentences
Since / As（已知原因）
语气偏弱，句首需加逗号
Since you are tired, you can have a rest.
Because / Because of
because+句子，语气最强，回答Why提问
I was late because I got up late.
because of+名词/短语
We can't go out because of the rain.
Thanks to / Due to（短语类）
due to：正式书面用语
The match was put off due to bad weather.
thanks to：表积极含义，多亏
Thanks to your help, I succeeded.
For / to do
for：补充原因，只放句中，前加逗号
He stayed at home, for he was ill.
to do：情绪类原因表达
I am glad to meet you.
问句Why 只能用because回答
带of短语后只接名词，不接句子
Unit6 The power of lauguage--since / as
Assessment
08
Self-assessment
I can learn and remember the target grammar rules through today’s learning activities.
I can use the grammar point properly in different sentences and real situations.
I can realize the function of this grammar and use it to improve my English expression.
Basic (基础)
Improving(提升)
Extend (拓展)
Homework
09
1. 抄写课堂语法核心句型两遍。
2. 完成单句语法填空五道。
1. 根据范例完成两组句型转换。
2. 用表格形式归纳整理本节语法知识点。
1. 结合语法点自主仿写一组对话。
2. 用该语法点造句描写生活场景。

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