资源简介

/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级英语下册人教版（2024）单元素养评价培优卷
Unit 5 Nature's Temper
温馨提示：
1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。满分120分。考试用时90分钟。考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
2.答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座号填写在试题卷和答题卡规定的位置上。
3.第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案不能答在试题卷上。
4.第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试题卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共65分）
一、选择填空（共10小题，计10分）
从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1．My little sister ________ toys while I was reading books.
A．is playing B．plays C．played D．was playing
2．My ________ clock didn’t go off, so I woke up late.
A．alarm B．morning C．time D．meal
3．My mother ________ yesterday morning.
A．wakes up me B．wakes me up C．woke up me D．woke me up
4．The interviews took place ________ the typhoon slowed down.
A．before B．after C．while D．when
5．A ________ in the man’s house broke during the typhoon.
A．window B．door C．desk D．chair
6． Sometimes, typhoons cause high waves and flood the areas ________.
A．near the coast B．in the mountains C．in the desert D．far from the sea
7．—Time to ________. Look! The sun is out.
—OK. I know, Mom.
A．wake up B．make up C．pick up D．put up
8．The old man refused ________ his house even though the floodwater was rising quickly.
A．leave B．leaving C．to leave D．To leaving
9．—How was your trip
—Not good. ________ we didn’t have enough time, we had to visit some places of interest quickly.
A．Until B．Since C．Before D．If
10．Last Sunday, I met a ________ of mine at the supermarket.
A．relative B．relation C．relationship D．relativity
二、完形填空（共10小题，计10分）
根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Last winter, a heavy snowstorm hit our city. It was the most unforgettable experience of my life. The snow 11 non-stop for two days, and the wind 12 very strongly. My family and I stayed at home, but we felt really 13
Suddenly, we heard a big crash (巨响). Our old fence (栅栏) 14 down and blocked (堵塞) the door. The power went out, and the room became cold 15 . My mom told us to move to the living room with blankets, hot water, and candles.
The storm lasted for 16 hours. During the night, we could hear the wind howling and snow hitting the windows. My little brother was scared, but I tried to stay 17 . I told him the storm would end soon.
18 the sun came up the next morning, the snow finally stopped. We went outside and saw many cars 19 under the snow. Some roofs were damaged. Luckily, no one in our neighborhood got 20 . We were safe, but I will never forget that snowy night.
11．A．fell B．fall C．falls D．fallen
12．A．blew B．grew C．flew D．drove
13．A．excited B．nervous C．interested D．surprised
14．A．hit B．cut C．broke D．put
15．A．nowhere B．anywhere C．somewhere D．everywhere
16．A．few B．little C．several D．much
17．A．calm B．silent C．quiet D．still
18．A．After B．Before C．When D．While
19．A．lying B．standing C．hiding D．sitting
20．A．ill B．hurt C．afraid D．terrible
三、阅读理解（共20小题，计40分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能正确回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
A
The Floating Gardens of Bangladesh (孟加拉国)
In Bangladesh, a country that experiences frequent floods, farmers have found a clever way to grow food even when their land is underwater. They create floating gardens.
For centuries, farmers in this South Asian nation have used water hyacinths (水葫芦) to build floating rafts(木筏). They collect the plants, let them dry slightly, and then layer them together to form a platform. On these floating beds, they grow vegetables like spinach, eggplant, and pumpkins.
“When the floods come, our land disappears under water,” explained farmer Muhammad Islam, “but our gardens float. We don’t lose our crops.”
The floating gardens do more than just provide food. They also create jobs for women in rural (乡村的) communities. Women help build the rafts and harvest the vegetables, earning money for their families.
Climate change has made flooding more terrible in Bangladesh. Sea levels are rising, and storms are becoming stronger. For many farmers, floating gardens are no longer just a tradition, they are a necessity.
Scientists from around the world have come to study these gardens. They believe the technique could help farmers in other flood-prone (易涝的) countries, such as Vietnam and Myanmar.
“This is traditional knowledge that is becoming more valuable every year,” said Dr. Amina Rahman, a researcher from Dhaka University.“The farmers figured out how to live with nature instead of fighting against it.”
Today, more than 100,000 families in Bangladesh use floating gardens. The government is helping to spread the technique to other regions. As one farmer put it, “The water used to be our enemy. Now we have learned to make it our friend.”
21．What problem do farmers in Bangladesh face
A．They don’t have enough land for farming.
B．The soil is too dry for growing vegetables.
C．Their land often floods and goes underwater.
D．They don’t have enough workers to farm.
22．How do farmers create floating gardens
A．They build wooden platforms above the water.
B．They use water hyacinths to build floating rafts.
C．They grow vegetables directly in the river.
D．They use rafts to take water out of the fields.
23．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to
A．the water B．the technique C．the floating garden D．the land
24．What can we infer from the passage
A．Floating gardens cost much money.
B．Floating gardens suit flood-prone areas.
C．Only simple fruits are grown here.
D．It is a new modern invention for farming.
25．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Terrible floods in Bangladesh.
B．Ways for village women to make money.
C．Useful floating gardens in Bangladesh.
D．Traditional food in South Asia.
B
Fifteen people died and 28 were missing after flash floods hit Yuzhong County and nearby areas in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. CCTV reported this news, at 6 p.m. on Saturday, according to the local flood control office.
Heavy rains from Thursday to Friday caused the disaster. The rain was very heavy. In some places, 220 millimeters (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year! The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily.
Two important roads were badly hit: the S104 highway and Xinghuang Road. Nearly 40 kilometres of these roads were damaged. These roads are very useful. People use them to carry food and other goods, and to go from one place to another. Now that the roads are closed, it’s hard for workers to deliver (运送) aid to those in need. It’s also difficult for people to go out daily.
But many people are working hard to help. By 6 p.m. on Friday, the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads. So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again.
Other workers are trying to fix the power and water. Many companies are giving help too, like sending tents and food. The rescue and repair work is still going on. Everyone hopes things will get better soon.
26．How much rain fell compared to the area’s usual yearly rain
A．Double the yearly rain. B．Over half of yearly rain.
C．About 1/3 of yearly rain. D．Exactly half of yearly rain.
27．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．heavy rains B．the floods C．people D．power lines
28．What does the underlined word “diggers” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Tools cleaning water. B．Doctors saving people.
C．Machines fixing roads. D．Helicopters (直升机) finding people.
29．What is the report mainly about
A．How many people were hurt. B．Why the heavy rain happened.
C．Money lost from road damage. D．The flood’s harm and help given.
30．Why does the writer give numbers of machines and workers
A．To say help came too late. B．To compare different helpers.
C．To explain why power went out. D．To show how hard people are working.
C
My name is George. When I was in middle school, I experienced a strong earthquake. When I was listening to the teacher carefully, suddenly I felt the ground shaking and everything started moving. Everyone in the classroom was shouting and crying. I was scared and even thought of the end of the world.
When the shaking stopped, the teacher quickly took us out of the classroom to the playground. We saw that the whole school was in a mess. Teachers tried to find all the students and make sure everyone was safe. As we stood on the playground, we could still feel the aftershocks (余震).
After making sure it was safe, teachers called our parents to take us home. My house suffered some damage (损坏). The bookcases fell onto the floor and some things were broken. But it was lucky that we were all safe.
In the following days, we learned that the earthquake caused a lot of damage to the city. Many buildings collapsed and lots of people lost their homes and families. I was sad to hear that.
Looking back on this experience, I know how important it is to be prepared for natural disasters. We never know when they will happen, but we can find ways to protect ourselves and our family.
31．Where was George when the ground started shaking
A．At home. B．On the playground.
C．In the classroom. D．In the bookstore.
32．What is the right order of the following sentences according to the passage
①George saw damage to his house.
②George’s classmates were shouting and crying.
③George was listening to the teacher carefully.
④The teacher took students to the playground.
A．②③①④ B．②④③① C．③②④① D．③④②①
33．What can we infer (推断) from Paragraph 3
A．George’s family was lucky to be safe. B．George’s house was broken badly.
C．George had to move to a new house. D．Nobody helped George’s family.
34．What made George sad later
A．He lost his favorite bookcase.
B．He couldn’t go to school.
C．His home was not comfortable.
D．Many people had a hard time in the earthquake.
35．What did George learn from the event
A．The reason why earthquakes happen.
B．The best time to run away from danger.
C．The place to stay when one is in danger.
D．The importance of preparing for natural disasters.
D
Rain helps plants grow, but it may cause some problems. To avoid danger, the warning system and suggestions may help you.
Rainfall (mm) in 24hours Warning Possible Problems
150mm≤Rainfall＜200mm Yellow ·Wet roads. ·Poor visibility (能见度).
200mm≤Rainfall＜250mm Orange Floods.
≥250mm Red ·Serious floods. ·Fallen trees or broken windows.
√Dos:
·Keep reading news on your phone.
·Prepare clean drinking water and food for 3 days and some useful tools like a flashlight.
·Stop outdoor activities like doing sports on the playground or going camping.
×Don’ts:
·Walk under trees or near buildings—fallen trees or broken windows may hurt you.
·Make a phone call when there’s lightning and thunder outside.
·Say no to others when they ask you to move to a safer place.
For more information or suggestions on different weather types, please click here www..cn.
36．Which is the possible problem under yellow warning
A．Wet roads. B．Serious Floods. C．Fallen trees. D．Broken windows.
37．If the 24-hour rainfall reaches 230 mm, what warning color will it be
A．Yellow. B．Orange. C．Red. D．Blue.
38．What tool does the text recommend (推荐)
A． B． C． D．
39．Which of the following is a Don’t according to the text
A．Prepare three days’ clean water and food. B．Stay away from tall trees on rainy days.
C．Call friends when lightning comes. D．Stop all outdoor activities on rainy days.
40．Where can we read the text
A．From a TV report. B．On the internet. C．In a story. D．On a notice board.
四、短文还原（共5小题，计5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
A little knowledge can make a difference at a time of life or death. May 12th is China’s National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day (防灾减灾日). It helps people learn more about keeping safe in disasters. 41 Disasters like earthquakes may happen all of a sudden, so we need to know how to safeguard ourselves.
Stay calm when an earthquake happens. 42 Do not scream or run around, or you will get into trouble.
Do not run out at once if you are indoors. 43 Hide under a strong desk or table to protect your head. Stay away from windows, heavy furniture or anything that may fall on you.
44 Make sure you are far from dangerous things. Never stand under tall buildings, trees or power lines.
After the shaking stops, there is still much to do. Check if you are hurt and use simple first aid. 45 It is necessary to call for help so that firefighters and volunteers will come to rescue you soon.
Follow these rules, and you can stay much safer in an earthquake.
A．Being calm can help you make the right choice.
B．Please remember that danger does not end right away.
C．It is important to find a safe place to hide at once.
D．Go to a nearby open place right away if you are outdoors.
E．It is also a day to tell people how to stay away from accidents.
F．Staying safe is the most important rule for every student.
G．Go into a tall building right away when you are outside.
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题；共55分）
五、词汇应用（共10 小题，计10分）
On 26 December 2004, 10-year-old Tilly Smith was on holiday in Phuket with her family. While 46 (walk) on the beach, she noticed strange waves coming in instead of going out. She quickly realized a tsunami was 47 (come), as her geography teacher had taught her about underwater 48 (earthquake) causing such waves.
At first, her family didn’t believe her, 49 Tilly refused to move further. Her mother stayed on the beach, while 50 rest of the family returned to the hotel. Tilly’s father told a security guard about the 51 (dangerous), and he cleared the beach at once.
The tsunami hit soon, but everyone there 52 (survive). The 2004 tsunami killed over 200,000 people, but no one on that beach died. Thanks 53 Tilly’s knowledge and quick thinking, over 100 lives were saved.
This story shows that even a small lesson can make the 54 (big) difference. Although Tilly was the youngest person on the beach, she stayed calmer and acted more quickly than most adults. Not only did she save her own family, but she also helped many 55 (strange).
六、选词填空（共10小题，计10分）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整，每空限填一次，每词限用一次。
prepare luck happen a be to expect easy thing important
Earthquakes happen all the time around the world. Sometimes they are just too small for people 56 feel. But when a serious earthquake 57 , it can be very sudden and dangerous. 58 , here are some safety tips for you to follow.
To begin with, you must know where to hide. If you are indoors,hide under a strong desk and hang on to its legs. Or you can sit in the corner of the walls. If you are outdoors, find 59 open area and stay away from trees and power lines. In this way, you can keep off danger more 60 .Besides,always prepare an emergency kit at home. In the kit, you should keep enough food and water, a flashlight, a knife, a strong rope, and other useful 61 . Being prepared may help save your life. Most 62 ,as students, you need to take part in the safety training at school.It can help you put your knowledge into practice. For example, when the strong shaking stops, you should not move around right away. Sometimes,there will 63 some aftershocks, and they can be quite dangerous,too.
No one 64 to experience an earthquake, but no one knows whether they will have the bad luck. So, to increase our chance of surviving the natural disaster, we must always be 65 .
七、阅读表达（共5小题，计10分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线句子。
There was a little girl called Amy. She lived in a small town next to a river. People in the town built river banks (河堤) to stop river water from entering their houses. But one day, the river banks almost put the town in big danger.
One afternoon, Amy was walking home along the river bank when it began to rain heavily. All of a sudden, she found a big hole in the bank, and river water was running out of it. Amy shouted for help, but no one heard her.
Then she knew she had to act fast, or the water would flood the whole town. She ran back to the town quickly. At that time, the rain became heavier and heavier.
It was getting dark, but Amy kept running. She felt tired and wet. In the heavy rain, she fell down many times. Many times she wanted to stop and give up, but she kept going. She remembered her mom’s words: “People spend lots of time building the banks to keep our town safe. They are very important.”
Finally, when Amy met her dad, she was all wet and hurt. She told people about the hole in the bank. People repaired it at once. “She saved our town!” everyone said. From that day on, people called her “Amy the Protector”. Amy’s family were very proud of her.
66．Where did Amy live
67．What did Amy do first after she found the hole in the bank
68．Why did people call Amy “Amy the Protector”
69．What do you think of Amy Why do you think so
70．将短文中画线句子翻译成中文。
八、书面表达（共1题，计25分）
71．假如你是李华，小圈子英语角正在举行以“防震减灾，守护生命”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下表格中的提示内容，写一篇英文短文投稿，谈谈我们应该如何在地震中进行自我保护。
How to protect ourselves in an earthquake
Inside should stay away from windows and heavy furniture…
shouldn’t jump from high buildings not take a lift
Outside should move to clear areas keep away from tall buildings
shouldn’t stand under trees…
要求:
1 参考提示内容，可适当发挥。
2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整。
3.文中不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等)。
4.词数：不少于80词。(开头已给出，但不计入总词数)
How to protect ourselves in an earthquake
Earthquakes are very terrible. It is very important for us to know some ways to protect ourselves from the earthquakes. ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．D
【解析】句意：当我在读书的时候，我的小妹妹正在玩玩具。
根据从句“while I was reading books”可知，主句动作表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为“was/were + doing”。主语My little sister为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故选was playing。
2．A
【解析】句意：我的闹钟没有响，所以我醒晚了。
alarm闹钟；morning早晨；time时间；meal餐。根据“clock”及后文“woke up late”可知，此处指用来叫醒人的闹钟，alarm clock为固定搭配，意为“闹钟”。
3．D
【解析】句意：我妈妈昨天早上叫醒了我。
根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式woke，排除选项A和B；wake up是“动词+副词”构成的短语，代词作宾语时要放在动词和副词中间，即woke me up，排除选项C。
4．B
【解析】句意：采访是在台风减弱之后进行的。
before在……之前；after在……之后；while当……时候，后常接延续性动作；when当……时候。根据生活逻辑，台风减弱之后才可以开展采访活动，故正确答案为after。故选B。
5．A
【解析】句意：台风期间，男子家中的一扇窗户破了。
window窗户；door门；desk书桌；chair椅子。台风期间，通常窗户容易被吹破，符合常识，应填window。
6．A
【解析】句意：有时，台风会引起巨浪并淹没沿海地区。
near the coast在海岸附近/沿海；in the mountains在山里；in the desert在沙漠中；far from the sea远离大海。根据句中关键词“typhoons”和“high waves”提示的自然常识可知，巨浪由海上产生，其引发的洪水灾害最直接影响的是靠近海边的区域，所以用near the coast。
7．A
【解析】句意：——该起床了。看！太阳出来了。——好的。我知道，妈妈。
wake up醒来；make up编造；pick up捡起；put up张贴。根据“Look! The sun is out.”可知太阳出来了，说明是早晨，妈妈叫孩子起床，wake up符合语境。
8．C
【解析】句意：尽管洪水迅速上涨，这位老人拒绝离开他的房子。
refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”，固定搭配，应使用动词不定式to leave。
9．B
【解析】句意：——你的旅行怎么样？——不好。因为我们时间不够，我们不得不快速参观了一些名胜古迹。
Until直到；Since因为/自从；Before在……之前；If如果。根据“we didn’t have enough time”和“had to visit quickly”可知，前后为因果关系，需用Since引导原因状语从句，应填Since。
10．A
【解析】句意：上周日，我在超市遇到了一位我的亲戚。
relative亲戚；relation关系；relationship关系；relativity相对论。根据“met”和“at the supermarket”可知，此处指遇见某个人，relative意为“亲戚”，符合语境。
11．A 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 16．C 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．B
【导语】本文讲述了作者一家在去年冬天遭遇暴风雪的经历，描写了暴风雪的肆虐、家中的状况以及家人的应对，展现了暴风雪的威力与家人的平安。
11．句意：雪连续下了两天，风刮得很猛烈。
文章整体为一般过去时，fall的过去式为fell，符合语境；fall为原形、falls为一般现在时、fallen为过去分词，均不符合时态，故排除。
12．句意：雪连续下了两天，风刮得很猛烈。
描述刮风用动词blow，其过去式为blew，符合语境；grew“成长”、flew“飞”、drove“驾驶”均不符合语境，故排除。
13．句意：我和家人待在家里，但我们感到真的很紧张。
暴风雪肆虐，家人会感到紧张不安，nervous“紧张的”，符合语境；excited“兴奋的”、interested“感兴趣的”、surprised“惊讶的”均不符合语境，故排除。
14．句意：我们的旧栅栏倒了，堵住了门。
固定搭配break down表示“倒塌/坏掉”，break的过去式为broke，符合语境；hit“撞击”、cut“切”、put“放”均不符合语境，故排除。
15．句意：停电了，房间里到处都很冷。
停电后没有取暖设备，房间里每个地方都很冷，everywhere“到处、处处”符合语境；nowhere“无处”、anywhere“任何地方（多用于否定/疑问句）”、somewhere“某处”均不符合语境，故排除。
16．句意：风暴持续了好几个小时。
hours为可数名词复数，several“几个/数个”，修饰可数名词复数，符合语境；few表否定，little/much修饰不可数名词，均不符合语境，故排除。
17．句意：我的小弟弟很害怕，但我努力保持冷静。
面对风暴，作者努力保持冷静安抚弟弟，calm“冷静的”，符合语境；silent“沉默的”、quiet“安静的”、still“静止的”均不符合语境，故排除。
18．句意：第二天早上当太阳出来时，雪终于停了。
表示“当太阳出来时”，When引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，符合语境；After“……之后”、Before“在……之前”、While“当……时候（后接进行时）”均不符合逻辑，故排除。
19．句意：我们走出去，看到许多汽车躺在雪下。
汽车被雪覆盖，像是“躺”在雪下，lying（lie的现在分词）符合语境；standing“站着”、hiding“藏着”、sitting“坐着”均不符合语境，故排除。
20．句意：幸运的是，我们街区没有人受伤。
暴风雪过后，人们关心的是是否有人受伤，hurt“受伤的”符合语境；ill“生病的”、afraid“害怕的”、terrible“糟糕的”均不符合语境，故排除。
21．C 22．B 23．A 24．B 25．C
【导语】本文介绍了孟加拉国农民为应对频繁洪水，发明的一种可持续农业模式——漂浮菜园，包括它的制作方法、多重作用，以及对全球易涝地区的借鉴意义。
【解析】21．根据文章第一段“In Bangladesh, a country that experiences frequent floods, farmers have found a clever way to grow food even when their land is underwater. They create floating gardens.”可知，孟加拉国农民面临的核心问题是洪水频发导致土地被淹没，无法耕种。
22．根据文章第二段中“For centuries, farmers in this South Asian nation have used water hyacinths (水葫芦) to build floating rafts(木筏). They collect the plants, let them dry slightly, and then layer them together to form a platform.”可知，农民是用水葫芦搭建浮筏来打造漂浮菜园的。
23．根据文章最后一段中“As one farmer put it, ‘The water used to be our enemy. Now we have learned to make it our friend.’”再结合上下文语境，这里的“it”指代的是前文提到的“the water”，体现了农民从对抗洪水到利用洪水的转变。
24．根据文章第六段中“They believe the technique could help farmers in other flood-prone (易涝的) countries, such as Vietnam and Myanmar.”，这说明漂浮菜园这种模式适合洪水多发、易涝的地区，是对全文内容的合理推断。
25．全文围绕孟加拉国的漂浮菜园展开，介绍了它的背景、制作方式、解决的粮食与就业问题，以及推广价值，因此核心主旨是介绍孟加拉国实用的漂浮菜园。
26．B 27．C 28．C 29．D 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了甘肃省兰州市榆中县及周边地区遭遇暴雨引发的洪水灾害，介绍了灾害造成的损失、影响以及各方救援情况。
【解析】26．第一段提到“In some places, 220 millimeters (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year!”，这直接表明有些地方15小时的降雨量超过了该地区全年降雨量的一半。
27．第二段“The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily.”中，前文描述了洪水造成的各种破坏，接着说这些人不能轻易获得干净的水和电，所以“they”指代的是受洪水影响的人们。
28．第四段“the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads.”中，省交通部门派机器和工人去修路，所以“diggers”应该是用于修路的机器。
29．文章先介绍了洪水造成的危害，如人员伤亡、道路损坏、人们生活受影响等，接着又讲述了很多人努力救援，省交通部门派机器和工人修路，其他工人修复水电，公司也提供帮助等情况，所以报告主要是关于洪水的危害和给予的帮助。
30．第四段提到省交通部门派了40多台大机器和200多名工人去修路，结合前文道路损坏严重以及后文“So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again.”可知，作者给出机器和工人的数量是为了表明人们工作多么努力。
31．C 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．D
【导语】本文讲述了作者George中学时经历地震的故事，以及他从中得到的教训。
【解析】31．第1段“When I was listening to the teacher carefully, suddenly I felt the ground shaking...”可知，地震发生时，George正在教室里听老师讲课。
32．③ George was listening to the teacher carefully.（George正在认真听老师讲课。）——文章第一段提到这是地震发生前的状态。② George’s classmates were shouting and crying.（George的同学在哭喊着。）——文章第一段提到当地面摇晃时，“Everyone in the classroom was shouting and crying.”④ The teacher took students to the playground.（老师把学生带到操场。）——文章第二段提到：“When the shaking stopped, the teacher quickly took us out of the classroom to the playground.”① George saw damage to his house.（George看到他的房子受损。）——文章第三段提到回家后，“My house suffered some damage.”可知，正确顺序是③②④①。
33．第3段“But it was lucky that we were all safe.”可知，可以推断出George一家很幸运，都安全了。
34．第4段“Many buildings collapsed and lots of people lost their homes and families. I was sad to hear that.”可知，让George难过的是地震中很多人遭遇了不幸。
35．最后一段“Looking back on this experience, I know how important it is to be prepared for natural disasters.”可知，George从这次经历中学到了为自然灾害做好准备的重要性。
36．A 37．B 38．D 39．C 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不同降雨量对应的预警等级、可能引发的问题，以及暴雨天气下的安全注意事项，帮助人们了解如何应对暴雨带来的潜在风险。
【解析】36．根据原文表格中黄色预警对应的内容“150mm≤Rainfall＜200mm，Yellow…Wet roads. Poor visibility.”，黄色预警对应的可能问题包含“湿滑路面”，与选项A内容一致，而B、C、D分别对应橙色、红色预警的问题。
37．根据原文表格中橙色预警对应的内容“200mm≤Rainfall＜250mm，Orange”，230mm的降雨量处于200mm到250mm之间，符合橙色预警的降雨量范围。
38．根据原文“Dos”部分的安全建议 “Prepare clean drinking water and food for 3 days and some useful tools like a flashlight.”，文中明确推荐的工具是手电筒，对应选项D的图片。
39．根据原文“Don’ts”部分的禁止事项 “Make a phone call when there’s lightning and thunder outside.”，雷雨天气打电话属于禁止行为，与选项C内容一致，而A、B、D 均为安全行为或建议。
40．根据原文末尾的提示“For more information or suggestions…please click here www..cn.”，“点击链接”和网址说明文章来自互联网，与选项B内容一致。
41．E 42．A 43．C 44．D 45．B
【导语】本文讲述了中国防灾减灾日的意义，并着重介绍了在地震发生时及发生后应如何保障自身安全，号召人们学习相关知识以应对灾害。
41．前文提到“It helps people learn more about keeping safe in disasters.”，E项“It is also a day to tell people how to stay away from accidents.”，进一步阐述了防灾减灾日的意义，与前文逻辑连贯，符合语境。
42．前文提到“Stay calm when an earthquake happens.”，A项“Being calm can help you make the right choice.”，解释了为什么要保持冷静，与前文紧密相连，符合语境。
43．前文提到“Do not run out at once if you are indoors.”，C项“It is important to find a safe place to hide at once.”，承接上文，说明了在室内时应该采取的行动，符合语境。
44．后文提到“Make sure you are far from dangerous things. Never stand under tall buildings, trees or power lines.”，D项“Go to a nearby open place right away if you are outdoors.”，与后文描述的户外安全措施相呼应，符合语境。
45．前文提到“Check if you are hurt and use simple first aid.”，后文提到“It is necessary to call for help so that firefighters and volunteers will come to rescue you soon.”，B项“Please remember that danger does not end right away.”，承上启下，说明在地震后仍需保持警惕，符合语境。
46．walking 47．coming 48．earthquakes 49．but 50．the 51．danger 52．survived 53．to 54．biggest 55．strangers
【导语】本文讲述了2004年印度洋海啸发生时，10岁女孩蒂莉·史密斯凭借地理课上学到的知识，及时识别出海啸前兆并成功疏散海滩游客，挽救上百人性命的真实故事。
46．句意：在海滩上散步时，她注意到有奇怪的海浪涌来而非退去。While表示“在……期间”，强调“散步”这个动作发生的同时，她“注意到”海浪的异常，因此用过去进行时；while引导的时间状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，可省略从句的主语和be动词，故空处填入现在分词；walk的现在分词形式为walking，符合语境。
47．句意：她很快意识到一场海啸即将来临，因为她的地理老师曾教过她，海底地震会引发这样的海浪。结合她在地理课上学过的知识，她立刻意识到接下来会发生什么——海啸即将到来，此处表示过去某一时间点“即将发生”的动作，应用过去进行时；was后用动词的现在分词coming。
48．句意：她很快意识到一场海啸即将来临，因为她的地理老师曾教过她，海底地震会引发这样的海浪。此处泛指“海底地震”这一类自然现象，且无具体数量限定，用复数形式earthquakes表示类别。
49．句意：起初，她的家人不相信她，但蒂莉拒绝继续往前走。前后句为转折关系，故填but。
50．句意：她的母亲留在海滩上，而家里的其他人回到了酒店。“the rest of”为固定短语，意为“其余的”，故填定冠词the。
51．句意：蒂莉的父亲告诉一名保安关于危险的情况，保安立刻清空了海滩。此处应用名词作介词about的宾语，dangerous的名词形式为danger，意为“危险”，为不可数名词，符合语境。
52．句意：海啸很快袭来，但那里的每个人都幸存了下来。结合上下文，此处描述过去的事件用一般过去时，survive的过去式为survived。
53．句意：多亏了蒂莉的知识和快速反应，超过100条生命得救。“thanks to”为固定短语，意为“多亏了”，故填介词to。
54．句意：这个故事表明，即使是一堂小小的课也能带来最大的不同。结合上下文可知，这堂课产生了极为重大的影响，此处需用形容词最高级，big的最高级为biggest。
55．句意：她不仅救了自己的家人，还帮助了许多陌生人。many后接可数名词复数，strange“陌生的”是形容词，其名词是stranger“陌生人”，复数形式为strangers。
56．to 57．happens 58．Luckily 59．an 60．easily 61．things 62．importantly 63．be 64．expects 65．prepared
【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了地震发生时的安全避险知识，包括躲避位置、应急物资准备、安全训练等内容，强调了提前准备对提高地震生存几率的重要性。
56．句意：有时它们太小了，人们感觉不到。“too...to...”是英语中固定的结果状语结构，表示“太……而不能……”，此处需要用不定式符号“to”引出后面的动词原形“feel”，构成“too small for people to feel”的完整表达，故填to。
57．句意：但当一场严重的地震发生时，它可能会非常突然和危险。这是由“when”引导的时间状语从句，主句用了“can be”表示可能性，从句应使用一般现在时表将来；从句主语“a serious earthquake”是第三人称单数，谓语动词需要使用第三人称单数形式；方框中happen“发生”符合语境，其第三人称单数形式为“happens”，故填happens。
58．句意：幸运的是，这里有一些安全提示供你遵循。此处需要一个副词置于句首，用来修饰整个句子，表达“幸运的是”这一语气；方框中luck“幸运”是名词，其副词形式为“luckily”，句首首字母需要大写，故填Luckily。
59．句意：如果你在户外，找一个开阔的区域，远离树木和电线。“open area”是可数名词单数，且“open”以元音音素/ /开头，根据英语冠词用法，元音音素开头的单数可数名词前要用不定冠词“an”表示“一个”，故填an。
60．句意：这样，你就能更容易地远离危险。此处需要一个副词来修饰动词短语“keep off danger”，表示“远离危险”的方式；方框中easy“容易的”是形容词，其副词形式为easily“容易地”，且“more easily”构成比较级，强调“更容易”，故填easily。
61．句意：在急救包里，你应该放足够的食物和水、手电筒、刀、结实的绳子和其他有用的东西。“other”后通常接可数名词复数，表示“其他的……”；方框中thing“东西”是可数名词，其复数形式为“things”，用来指代前文列举的各类应急物品，故填things。
62．句意：最重要的是，作为学生，你需要参加学校的安全训练。“Most importantly”是英语中常用的过渡短语，用于引出最重要的一点；方框中important“重要的”是形容词，其副词形式为“importantly”，故填importantly。
63．句意：有时，会有一些余震，它们也可能相当危险。这是“there be”句型的一般将来时结构，形式为“there will be +名词”，表示“将会有……”；方框中be是动词原形，符合这一语法结构，故填be。
64．句意：没有人期望经历地震，但没有人知道他们是否会有这种坏运气。句子主语“No one”是不定代词，视为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式；方框中“expect”“期望”符合语境，其第三人称单数形式为“expects”，故填expects。
65．句意：所以，为了增加我们在这场自然灾害中生存的机会，我们必须时刻做好准备。“be prepared”是固定短语，表示“做好准备”，强调状态；方框中prepare“准备”是动词，其形容词形式为“prepared”“准备好的”，与“be”构成系表结构，故填prepared。
66．She lived in a small town next to a river. 67．She shouted for help. 68．Because she saved the town. 69．I think Amy is brave and responsible. Because she kept running in the heavy rain, fell down many times, but never gave up, and finally saved the town. 70．很多次她都想停下来放弃，但她还是继续前进。
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了小女孩Amy在暴雨中发现河堤破洞，不顾疲惫和危险跑回镇上报信，及时阻止洪水、拯救小镇的故事。
【解析】66．文章第一段指出“She lived in a small town next to a river.”，可直接提取原文信息作答。
67．文章第二段指出“Amy shouted for help, but no one heard her.”，这是Amy发现河堤破洞后的第一个行为，可直接提取原文信息作答。
68．文章最后一段指出“‘She saved our town!’ everyone said. From that day on, people called her ‘Amy the Protector’.”，可知人们这么称呼她是因为她拯救了小镇，答案是对原文信息的直接概括。
69．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，但观点需基于文中事实。结合文章中Amy不顾疲惫、受伤和暴雨坚持跑回镇上报信的情节，合理评价人物并说明理由即可。
70．“Many times she wanted to stop and give up, but she kept going.”译为“很多次她都想停下来放弃，但她还是继续前进。”；Many times译为“很多次”；“wanted to stop and give up”译为“想停下来放弃”；but译为“但是”；kept going译为“继续前进/坚持下去”。
71．例文
How to protect ourselves in an earthquake
Earthquakes are very terrible. It is very important for us to know some ways to protect ourselves from earthquakes.
If we are inside a building when an earthquake happens, we should stay away from windows and heavy furniture at once. We can hide under a strong table and protect our heads. We mustn’t jump from high buildings or take the lift, because it’s really dangerous. If we are outside, we should move to clear and open areas quickly and keep away from tall buildings. We shouldn’t stand under trees.
Besides, we should always keep calm in an earthquake. Keeping calm can help us make the right decisions to keep safe.
【解析】写作步骤
【第一步：审题立意】
确定文体：说明文，用一般现在时为主
明确要点：地震发生时，室内外应该和不应做的事，保持冷静的心态
确定人称：第一人称we/us为主，直接给出建议时，可以用第二人称you
注意事项：必须覆盖表格内的所有要点，词数不少于80词，不得出现真实姓名、学校等个人信息
【第二步：构思布局】
三段式结构：
开头段：引出话题，点明主旨
主体段：介绍地震发生时，在室内外应该做和不应该做的事
结尾段：提醒要冷静行动，呼应开头
【第三步：要点展开】
要点一：室内
Should do: hide under a desk/protect your head with hands/keep away from heavy furniture/crouch down low等
Shouldn’t do: run around wildly/push others/stand near glass doors等
要点二：室外
Should do: go to open spaces/keep away from power poles/protect your head等
Shouldn’t do: stay near billboards/go back into buildings/stay near glass structures等
要点三：心态
keep a cool head/don’t panic/keep your mind clear/try not to be afraid等
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

展开更多......

收起↑