资源简介

(共48张PPT)
Unit 1　课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.steam
(分值:62.5分)
单元知识综合练
A.n.蒸汽,水蒸气　　B.v.蒸(食物) 　C.v.冒水汽　　D.v.快速行走;疾行
①You can steam vegetables and fish to keep all the nutrients unbroken.
　　　
②Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.　
③He spotted her steaming down the corridor towards him.　　　
④The water in the pot began to steam as it was heated on the stove.　　　
B
A
D
C
2.resolve
A.n.决心　　B.v.决定　　C.v.解决
①The difficulties in her way merely strengthened her resolve.　　　
②Both sides met in order to resolve their differences.　　　
③She resolved to report the matter to the manager.　　　
A
C
B
3.work out
A.解决　　B.锻炼身体　　C.计算出
①The area can be worked out easily if you know the length and the width.
　　　
②She is determined to work out the challenges she will meet this new term.
　　　
③They work out at the gym for two hours every day.　　　
C
A
B
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
In my town people like to give smile cards to those who have received help.And the receivers continue to help others.With those cards,people enjoy helping and being helped.
I got some smile cards and used three of them just yesterday!
I used the first smile card when I was getting my dogs some food in a pet store.A man walked up to look at collars (项圈),looking puzzled.He asked me if I knew anything about dogs and collars,which actually I was quite familiar with.I helped him choose one.I hope it would work for his dog.When he said thanks,I handed him a smile card.He smiled and said he would help someone as soon as possible.
That was amazing! Then in a supermarket,when I was paying the bill,a grandma was trying to get her granddaughter out of a basket.I offered to help her,and she said, “Yes,please.” Later she told me that she had just had an operation and couldn’t lift things very well.After getting the baby girl out,I handed her my second smile card.
Then I paid for someone’s food in a small restaurant and left behind the third smile card.
I felt very happy yesterday.It was great to help others and leave behind smile cards.I believe that more and more people will get happiness from receiving and giving smile cards.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。在作者居住的小镇里,人们帮助别人后,会给受助者一张微笑卡。作者把自己的三张微笑卡送给了别人。
(　　)1.Who will get smile cards
[A]People who have received help.
[B]Any stores.
[C]People who have offered help.
[D]Any friends.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,那些得到帮助的人会得到微笑卡。故选A。
(　　)2.From Paragraph 3 we learn the author was quite familiar with
　　　.
[A]dog food
[B]dogs and collars
[C]cards
[D]giving smile cards
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He asked me...dogs and collars,
which actually I was quite familiar with.”可知,作者非常熟悉狗和狗项圈。故选B。
(　　)3.The grandma could not lift her granddaughter well after 　　　.
[A]hard work [B]much talk
[C]an operation [D]a long walk
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Later she told me that she had just had an operation and couldn’t lift things very well.”可知,因为刚做过手术,所以奶奶不能举起重物,因此不能抱孙女。故选C。
(　　)4.From the passage what do we know about people in the author’s town
[A]People only like to receive help.
[B]People like to give things to others.
[C]People love to go around the town.
[D]People live a happy life.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容以及最后一段最后两句可知,作者家乡的人善良友好,互帮互助,氛围幸福且充满爱,故可推知,作者所在城镇的人过着幸福的生活。故选D。
Ⅲ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
How to Have an Attractive Personality
Being attractive comes more from your personalities than your appearance, and demonstrating an attractive personality is the key to having lasting relationships. 1.　　　 The following tips help foster your ability to fascinate others.
F
·Laugh at yourself. If you make a fool of yourself, laugh at yourself instead of feeling embarrassed. It shows that you’re comfortable in your skin. A sense of humour makes someone more engaging and delightful to be with. 2.　　　 It is a great ice-breaker or stress reliever, but don’t ruin a serious conversation with inappropriate jokes.
C
·Speak sincerely. Tell people the truth. If you can’t commit to something, it’s better to be honest about it than to have to tell them last minute that you can’t make it. When people ask for your opinion, you should be honest. 3.　　　 For instance, if you don’t like your friend’s shirt, respond with, “I really like you in blue instead,” rather than, “I hate it, it’s ugly.”
D
·4.　　　 If you see value in making others laugh and keep yourself positive, you’ll be a happier person, making others drawn to you as a result. A great way to remind you to laugh more is to have daily jokes on your phone or email. Set them at the time of day when you notice yourself starting to feel drained (无精打采的).
B
·Have confidence in your body. You don’t have to have the “perfect body” to be confident in it. People will be more attracted to you if you dress well and carry yourself well. If you need a little boost, place posters around your mirror that remind you of the charming parts of your body. 5.　　
E
A.Speak in a positive way.
B.Make laughing a priority.
C.Remember, there is a time and place for humour.
D.There is difference between being frank and rude, though.
E.Focus on these rather than what you’re self-conscious about.
F.Actually,developing engaging personalities is not that far out of reach.
G.But having charming appearance is only skin-deep and far from enough.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何拥有迷人的性格。
1.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据设空处上下文可知,上文介绍了拥有迷人的性格的重要性,下文介绍了如何拥有迷人的性格。F项能承上启下,且选项中的engaging personalities和上文中的an attractive personality相呼应,符合语境。故选F。
2.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据设空处下文可知,幽默感很重要,但不要用不恰当的笑话去破坏严肃的对话。C项能够引起下文,符合语境。故选C。
3.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据设空处下文可知,真诚很重要,但也要注意尺度,真诚和粗鲁是有区别的。下文中的例子正是对D项内容的具体说明。故选D。
4.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据设空处下文可知,本段主要介绍的是笑在生活中的重要性,B项能概括段落大意,符合语境。故选B。
5.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据设空处上文可知,我们不要过分关注外表,穿着、举止得体就好,要多关注自己所拥有的迷人的身体部位。E项能承接上文,符合语境。故选E。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
Nixon was born and grew up in St Petersburg.Each morning,he sits on a bench,watches the sunrise and connects with 　1　 from all walks of life.
Eight years ago,he decided to begin each day from a bench with an impressive view of the St Petersburg waterfront (圣彼得堡海滨),because it made him feel calm and 　2　 before starting his day.
About a year later,a woman stopped to say hello,and she said something that 　3　 Nixon’s view on his daily visit.She said,“Every morning when I see you sitting here,I know everything is going to be OK.” That’s when Nixon 　4　 he needed to pay attention to the people walking past.
Instead of staring straight ahead at the waterfront,Nixon started
　5　 at people and talking to them.And pretty soon,some early risers began 　6　 him on the bench,sometimes sharing their pressure and asking him for advice about personal problems.
No matter what problem a person wants to 　7　,Nixon lends an ear.One day,a couple came by to talk about their problems.The husband was always working.It was ruining their 　8　.Nixon told him,“You have to know what’s really important.” The man admitted he’d put everything he had into his 　9　 for many years instead of focusing on his family.“He started to cry and agreed that he needed to 　10　,” Nixon says,“We hugged each other and became friends after that.”
Nixon is always happy to listen,and he listens without 　11　 and without any kind of return expected.“You have to listen with an open heart,because you never know who’s going to walk up,” Nixon says.He is a loving and loyal 　12　 to many people.For those who walked past the bench,they were always 　13　 with a smile and asked how they were doing.
No topic is off limits,but some people don’t want to talk.They simply want to sit next to someone and share the 　14　.Once a woman stopped and just sat with Nixon for an hour;then she said thanks and walked away.She just wanted a moment of peace and to know she wasn’t 　15　.
And at that moment,she truly wasn’t.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Nixon每天早上坐在长椅上和路过的行人打招呼、聊天,带给了大家快乐,然后与大家成为朋友的故事。
(　　)1.
C
【解析】 根据下文from all walks of life可知,这些来自各行各业的人应该只是他坐在长椅上见到的陌生人。故选C。
[A]teenagers
[B]relatives
[C]strangers
[D]neighbours
(　　)2.
A
【解析】 此处指Nixon决定从可以看到圣彼得堡海滨美景的长椅开始每一天,因为这让他在开始一天的工作之前感到平静和安宁。故选A。
[A]peaceful
[B]excited
[C]proud
[D]surprised
(　　)3.
B
【解析】 此处指大约一年后,一位女士停下来向Nixon打招呼。她说了些事情,这改变了Nixon对他自己每日例行来到长椅的看法。故选B。
[A]formed
[B]changed
[C]developed
[D]supported
(　　)4.
B
【解析】 此处指Nixon意识到他需要注意走过的人,而不仅是感受这座城市。故选B。
[A]agreed
[B]realised
[C]imagined
[D]remembered
(　　)5.
D
[A]pointing
[B]laughing
[C]shouting
[D]smiling
【解析】 此处指Nixon没有再一直盯着海滨,而是开始对人们微笑并与他们交谈。故选D。
(　　)6.
A
【解析】 此处指一些早起的人开始加入他,和他一起坐在长椅上,有时会诉说他们的压力,并向他请教个人问题。故选A。
[A]joining
[B]noticing
[C]leaving
[D]praising
(　　)7.
A
【解析】 此处指不管一个人想要公开的是什么问题,Nixon都愿意倾听。故选A。
[A]air
[B]face
[C]hear
[D]create
(　　)8.
C
【解析】 此处指一对夫妻来到Nixon身边讨论婚姻问题。丈夫只顾工作,不管家庭,这种情况正在毁掉这对夫妻的婚姻。故选C。
[A]fame
[B]success
[C]marriage
[D]privacy
(　　)9.
D
【解析】 此处指这个男人承认,多年来他把所有的精力都投入工作中,而不是专注于家庭。故选D。
[A]health
[B]hobbies
[C]kids
[D]job
(　　)10.
D
【解析】 此处指这个男人之前太忙于工作了,现在也赞同得放缓速度,抽出时间来关注家人。故选D。
[A]give up
[B]calm down
[C]speak up
[D]slow down
(　　)11.
C
【解析】 此处指Nixon所做的只是单纯地倾听,不做评价,也不期待任何回报。故选C。
[A]emotion
[B]consideration
[C]judgment
[D]interest
(　　)12.
C
【解析】 根据上文“We hugged each other and became friends after that”可知,Nixon是一个有爱的且忠诚的朋友。故选C。
[A]guide
[B]teacher
[C]friend
[D]workmate
(　　)13.
B
【解析】 此处指对那些走过长椅的人,他总是面带微笑地打招呼,并问他们过得怎么样。故选B。
[A]hugged
[B]greeted
[C]competed
[D]satisfied
(　　)14.
D
【解析】 此处指有些人不喜欢交谈,只是想坐在Nixon旁边,共享这寂静。故选D。
[A]secrets
[B]worries
[C]happiness
[D]silence
(　　)15.
B
【解析】 此处指这位女士只是想要片刻的平和,知道她自己并不孤单。故选B。
[A]sad
[B]alone
[C]stressed
[D]hopeless
Ⅴ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,你的好朋友Susan在交友方面存在着一些困难,请根据下面提示用英语给她写一封信。内容包括:
1.表示关心;
2.就如何交友给出自己的建议(如坦诚相待、同甘共苦、为朋友着想等)。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Susan,
I hope you will find these ideas useful.
Yours,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Dear Susan,
I’m sorry to know that you’re having trouble in making friends.Here are some tips for you.
To begin with,it couldn’t be better to be friendly to others and get on with them frankly if you want to make friends.In addition,if I were you,I would share happiness and sorrow with them.As the saying goes,a friend in need is a friend indeed.Next,when misunderstanding occurs,you should apologise to your friend as long as it is your fault.Lastly,wouldn’t it be a good idea if you put yourself in others’ shoes As is known to all,
friendship calls for time and effort.
I hope you will find these ideas useful.
Yours,
Li Hua(共18张PPT)
Unit 1　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.They surrounded the yard with a 　　　　 (篱笆) to keep wolves out.
2.When the children presented flowers to him,he was so excited that
　　　　 (泪水) flowed from his eyes.
3.Workers in Spain will spend less time at their office.　　 　　 (此外),
their pay won’t change at all.
4.His success in the boxing game 　　　 　(证明有道理) the faith his coach had put in him.
fence
tears
Moreover
justified
5.Whoever leaves the classroom last must 　　　　(确保) that all the windows and doors are well closed.
6.Now my son is more 　　 　　(独立的),so I have more time for myself.
7.To be　　　　(坦诚的) with you, I’m a bit nervous about the upcoming exam.
8.When the clock stopped, he took it　　　　(分开) to find out what was wrong.
9.We play different roles in life,and we all have a　　　　(职责) to play these roles well.
10.He 　　　 　(批评) me for failing to complete the work on time.
ensure
independent
frank
apart
duty
criticised
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.I’ve finished my task apart 　　 　　 the last question.
2.I can see no possible　　 　　 (justify) for any further tax increases.
3.You will be at an advantage if you have thought about the interview questions 　　　　 advance.
4.　　 　　 (tell) the truth,her talk was very boring and I fell asleep in the middle of it.
from
justification
in
To tell
5.Faced with so many problems,I didn’t know how to deal with them
　 　　　 (independent).
6.The school made some 　　 　　 (adjust) to its library.
7.　　 　　 (frank) speaking, I’m not interested in going to that party.
8.I 　　　 　(accident) spilled coffee on my shirt.
9.To her 　　 　　 (embarrass), she forgot her lines on the stage.
10.We should stay away from those who are 　 　　　 (deceive) and surround ourselves with honest and trustworthy friends.
independently
adjustments
Frankly
accidentally
embarrassment
deceitful
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.It is said that success 　　　　　　　　　 (由……组成) three important factors: talent,diligence and luck.
2.Last weekend, we 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　(举办了一系列的活动) to relax ourselves.
3.They huddled together to 　 (保护自己免受风吹).
consists of
held a series of activities
protect themselves from the wind
4.Our task is (打扫教室).
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(即使写于几百年前), his books are still well received nowadays.
to clean the classroom
Even if written hundreds of years ago
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Jamie Goldfarb had finished reading the last bedtime book to her three-year-old son, Kai, when he told her he was hungry. The mum usually complied with such requests since Kai had difficulty feeding when he was a baby. But this time, as she headed downstairs to fetch a banana, she heard him murmur, “Now that’s how I get a fourth book.”
Goldfarb was astonished that her sweet child would tell her a lie, but experts would say that Kai was engaging in complicated cognitive reasoning (认知推理) in his successful attempt for extra story time. And according to some researchers, lying provides an effective workout for developing brains.
Though experts agree that there’s no particular area in the brain leading to telling lies, certain regions of the brain are engaged during the construction of a lie. The brain must also juggle (尽力同时应付) emotions, memories and knowledge about another person, as well as think about alternative paths the lie could take. “It’s really a whole network of complex interactions,” says a psychologist. And that’s why the ability to lie develops over time, as a young brain develops.
Starting around two years old, a child is probably going to tell his first lie to keep from getting in trouble—and he probably won’t be very good at it. Older preschool children tend to try to lie as a way to make themselves look better. “They may claim they did something that they didn’t do because they want to get praise, or they exaggerate (夸张) because they want the parents to think, ‘Oh wow, you’re amazing,’” says Gini Graham Scott, an American writer. As children enter elementary school, their more developed brains can craft more complex lies.
Parents might feel disappointed when they catch their children being untruthful, but experts advise avoiding shaming them or calling them liars. “That won’t necessarily promote the behaviour you want,” Scott says. Instead, Scott suggests parents focus on the behaviour they’d like a child to exhibit and use language that encourages truth-telling. When the lie is more involved, experts recommend having a direct conversation about it.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章探讨了孩子说谎背后的原因。
(　　)1.What does the underlined words “complied with” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
[A]Gave in to. [B]Let down.
[C]Relied on. [D]Made use of.
A
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据第一段前两句可知,Jamie Goldfarb通常会答应Kai要食物的要求。由此可推知, complied with意为“遵从;顺从”,与gave in to (屈服;让步)意思接近。故选A。
(　　)2.What can we learn about telling lies from Paragraph 3
[A]It is unavoidable in children’s life.
[B]It is based on complex brain activities.
[C]It is controlled by a specific area in the brain.
[D]It is likely to hold back the development of brains.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知,撒谎建立在复杂的大脑活动基础之上。故选B。
(　　)3.What is the main purpose of older preschool children lying
[A]To have fun.
[B]To protect others.
[C]To avoid getting in trouble.
[D]To win praise.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Older preschool children tend to...an American writer.”可知,学龄前儿童撒谎主要是为了获得表扬。
故选D。
(　　)4.What is the last paragraph mainly about
[A]Suggestions on dealing with children’s lies.
[B]Possible harm to children if they are called liars.
[C]Influence of children’s lies on parent-child relationships.
[D]Relationships between children’s telling lies and their daily behaviour.
A
【解析】 段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知,本段主要是关于如何应对孩子们撒谎的建议。故选A。(共18张PPT)
Unit 1　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.　　 　　(蒸汽) rose from the boiling kettle.
2.Don’t tell him your opinion because he has 　　　 　(说话随便的) lips.
3.Chest pains can be a warning 　　 　　(信号) of heart problems.
4.It was my 　　　 (过错) to leave the work half done and I will do it now.
5.You can share your 　　　 　 (忧虑) with others and find possible solutions.
Steam
loose
signal
fault
concerns
6.He is the guy whose name is on everyone’s 　　 　　(嘴唇) at the moment.
7.If your 　　　 　 (策略) succeeds, you will make great progress in your study.
8.We must find a way to 　　　　 (解决) these problems before it’s too late.
9.You can take a deep 　　　　 (一口气) when you feel stressed.
10.A small leak will 　　　　 (使沉没) a great ship.
lips
strategy
resolve
breath
sink
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.He made a New Year’s 　　 　　 (resolve) to get in shape.
2.Customers may ask for a refund if the goods are 　　　 　 (fault).
3.In order not to miss the train, he ran so fast that he became
(breath).
4.We have been 　　　 　(concern) about you since you returned to your country for sick leave.
resolution
faulty
breathless
concerned
5.Doing some stretching exercises can help you 　　　　(loose) your muscles.
6.The team didn’t want to let their coach 　　　　, so they trained very hard.
7.She often goes for a long-distance run to let 　　　　 steam.
8.It’s hard to concentrate 　　　　 work with so much noise around.
9.Tom realised he had made his mother sad, so he went to apologise
　　　　 her.
loosen
down
off
on
to
10.I often have a chat 　　　　 my grandparents at weekends, sharing the interesting things at school.
with
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.The house was 　　　　　　　 (一团糟) after he held a birthday party.
2.He is a reliable person, and always willing to 　　　　　 　　　　　 (帮他的朋友一把) when they are in trouble.
3.When you’re on stage and feel nervous, just 　　　　　　　 (吸一口气) and calm yourself down.
in a mess
help his friends out
take a breath
4.The boys (总是对运动着迷),such as football and basketball.
5.You must　　　　　　　　　(专注于) your study if you want to catch up with your classmates.
are always crazy about sports
concentrate on
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
My kids sit in Gee’s living room and gently lift the New Year ornaments (装饰品) out of a well-loved cardboard box.Gee stands beside them,quietly explaining each treasure.She tells them that she and Tom built their ornament collection piece by piece during each year’s after-New Year sale.
We first met Tom and Gee in the early days of our marriage.Someone had been returning our garbage cans to the garage each garbage day,and Jim and I had wondered who.Then one day we spotted him:an elderly man who lived across the street.
I baked cookies and left them in a chair outside the garage with a thank-you note.When we got home from work that day,a typed letter had replaced the gift.The letter was from Tom and explained how he had come to walk around the neighbourhood on garbage days,returning garbage cans for people he barely knew.
Then,his young wife,Gee,found herself living alone.Neighbours had taken the time to handle her garbage cans.
We photocopied that letter and attached it to one of our own for Gee.We told her how special Tom had been to us,how we grieved (感到悲伤) for her and how thankful we were to have known him.
When Gee invited us over to look through the New Year ornaments,I realised how hard it must be to part with that box,a piece of Tom.It’s the man who lets our kids pick peaches off the tree in his front yard.It’s the ladies who call Tom when their pool filter breaks.
These days,we’re piling up boxes of our own.We are planning a move,
but Jim and I agree to wait until January.This New Year,we’ll decorate our furniture with Gee’s ornaments,out of the box that is labelled in Tom’s handwriting.“Thank you,” I’ll say,“for teaching us what it means to be a neighbour.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了汤姆总是默默地为作者家倒垃圾桶,这样的善举感动了作者一家。作者明白了“什么样的人才是真正的邻居”,并感悟到了做邻居的意义。
(　　)1.How did the writer begin the passage
[A]By showing a fact.
[B]By giving an example.
[C]By presenting a scene.
[D]By introducing the characters.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,作者开篇描述了一个很温馨的场景。故选C。
(　　)2.What kind of person was Tom according to the writer
[A]Grateful and ambitious.
[B]Successful and friendly.
[C]Hardworking and hopeful.
[D]Kind and helpful.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句及第三段最后一句可推知,汤姆是一个心善且乐于助人的人。故选D。
(　　)3.What can we infer from the passage
[A]Tom was gone.
[B]Gee planned a move.
[C]Jim would help Gee with her furniture.
[D]The writer and Jim built their ornament collection.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段内容及第五段最后一句可推知,汤姆已经去世了。故选A。
(　　)4.What’s the best title for the passage
[A]The Sadness of Losing a Beloved One
[B]The Help from a Garbage Man
[C]The Kindness of the Young Couple
[D]The Gift of a Neighbour
D
【解析】 标题归纳题。D项一语双关,既道出了实际的礼物,也指出了汤姆给予作者的感悟:明白了做邻居的意义,因此D项最适合作为文章的标题。
故选D。(共83张PPT)
Developing ideas—Reflection
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　　　　 n.蜘蛛网;错综复杂的事物
2. n.眼泪,泪水
写作词汇
web
tear
1.tangled adj.
2.weave v.
3.latter n.
4.moreover adv.
5.apart adv.
6.fence n.
阅读词汇
纠结的;复杂的
编,织
后者
此外,而且
分离,分开
栅栏,围栏,篱笆
拓展词汇
1. v.欺骗→deceiver n.骗人者,欺诈者→deceit n.欺骗,欺诈→
deceitful adj.不诚实的,骗人的
2. v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理;为……辩护→justified adj.
(做某事)有正当理由的;事出有因的→justification n.正当理由→justice n.公平,公正→just adj.合理的,公正的
3. adj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的→frankly adv.坦率地,坦诚地→
frankness n.率直,坦率,坦白
deceive
justify
frank
4. adj.独立的→independently adv.独立地;自立地→
independence n.独立;自立→dependent adj.依赖的,依靠的→dependence n.依赖,依靠→depend v.依靠;依赖
independent
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.white lies　　　　　　
2.protect...from...
3.the majority of
4.tell the truth
5.even if
6.look for
善意的谎言
保护……免受……
大多数
说实话
即使,尽管
寻找
7.in advance
8.consist of...
9.a series of
提前
由……组成,由……构成
一系列
重点句型
1.Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge
:little lies
.(that引导同位语从句;that引导定语从句)
或许我们可以安慰自己, 我们说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”,即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而撒的小谎。
that most of the lies we
tell are “white lies”
that we tell to protect others from the
truth
2.Or ,we say “It’s great!”, .(if引导条件状语从句;even if引导让步状语从句)
或者有朋友问我们他们的新发型怎么样,即使我们觉得剪得非常糟糕,也会说“棒极了”。
if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut
even if we think it’s awful
3.One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is
.(动词不定式作表语)
说善意的谎言,主要原因之一是想要更好地照顾别人的感受。
4.Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you .(so that引导目的状语从句)
停下来想一想, 也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价, 从而改进和提高。
to try to make others feel
better
so that they can improve
5.After repeating this process a few times,they eventually found the ideal distance
.(where引导定语从句)
在重复这个过程几次之后,它们最终找到了理想的距离,既能感到温暖,又能避免伤害彼此。
where they could feel warm while managing not to hurt each
other
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境类型:人与社会——善意的谎言。
2.语篇类型:论说文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文通过举例分析说明善意的谎言也可能带来严重的后果,因此我们应该诚实。阅读本文,有利于培养学生巧妙维护自己的人际关系的意识,进而提高与人相处的技能;同时有利于培养学生正确看待问题的两面性,并提高他们的思辨和表达能力。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
A meal
An awful haircut
feel better
encouragement
bad news
Even
in advance
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What is the function of the first paragraph
[A]To introduce the topic of the whole text.
[B]To deepen the understanding of white lies.
[C]To remind the readers of the damage of white lies.
[D]To analyse why people like telling white lies.
A
(　　)2.In which example is a white lie used to give encouragement
[A]Your haircut looks good.
[B]The meal you cooked is delicious.
[C]You sing a wonderful song.
[D]My day is fine.Don’t worry.
C
(　　)3.What can we learn from the last paragraph
[A]All the white lies are good for our life.
[B]All the white lies are bad for our life.
[C]Sometimes a white lie has a result we can’t know in advance.
[D]If we tell a white lie, we will lose our best friends.
C
(　　)4.What’s the author’s attitude towards “telling white lies”
[A]Approving.
[B]Disapproving.
[C]Cautious.
[D]Unclear.
B
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.justify v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理;为……辩护
·justified adj.(做某事)有正当理由的;事出有因的
·justification n.正当理由
·justice n.公平,公正
·just adj.合理的,公正的
[教材原句] But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these
但是这些善意的谎言到底有多正当呢
例　We can justify spending time on volunteer work, which can make our community better.
我们能证明花时间做志愿工作是有道理的,这能让我们的社区变得更好。
例　Tom can justify his efforts to his parents by showing his good grades.
汤姆可以通过展示他的好成绩向父母解释他的努力是值得的。
justify doing sth 证明做某事有道理;为某事辩护
justify oneself/sth (to sb) (向某人)解释自己的行为/某事
归纳拓展
·justify doing sth 证明做某事有道理;为某事辩护
justify oneself/sth (to sb) (向某人)解释自己的行为/某事
·be/feel justified in doing sth 做某事有正当理由/合理解释
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He can justify 　　　　(take) up a new hobby to relieve stress.
The 　　　 　(justify) for building a new bridge is the increasing traffic volume in this area.
She felt fully　　　　(justify) in asking for her money back.
The workers
(有正当理由要求更好的工作条件).
taking
justification
justified
are justified in asking for better working conditions
2.frank adj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的
·frankly adv.坦率地,坦诚地
·frankness n.率直,坦率,坦白
[教材原句] Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.
停下来想一想,也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价,从而改进和提高。
例　They had a frank discussion about the issue.
他们对这个问题进行了开诚布公的讨论。
例　On seeing her mother, Mary was frank about her concerns.
一见到妈妈, 玛丽就坦诚地说出了她的担忧。
be frank about sth 对某事坦诚
归纳拓展
be frank with sb 对某人坦诚
be frank about sth 对某事坦诚
frankly speaking=to be frank 坦白说,坦率地说
一些不定式短语可在句中作独立成分,表明说话人的态度。如:
to be honest (=honestly speaking)说实话
to tell (you) the truth 说实话
to be exact 确切地说
to be sure 诚然
to begin/start with 首先
to make matters worse更糟糕的是
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He was completely frank 　　　　 her about what happened.
She was quite frank 　　　　 the whole thing.
Everyone liked the young man for his 　　 　　(frank) and good humour.
　　　　　 　　　(坦率地说), your new skills will bring more opportunities for you.
with
about
frankness
To be frank/Frankly speaking
He is a frank person.He is frank with his friends and also frank about his friends’ mistakes.He always frankly expresses his opinions about disputes.To be frank,he is very popular.
他是一个率真的人。他对朋友很坦诚,对朋友的错误也直言不讳。他总是坦率地表达自己对争端的看法。坦率地说,他很受欢迎。
语
境
串
词
3.tear n.眼泪,泪水 v.撕裂;撕碎;撕开
[教材原句] If you’ve had a bad day, do you tell your parents about it, or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”
假如你今天过得很糟糕,你是对你的父母说实话呢,还是偷偷擦掉眼泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”
例　(读后续写之动作描写) She stared at me,tears shining in her eyes.
她盯着我,眼里闪着泪光。
归纳拓展
·burst into tears = burst out crying突然大哭起来
hold back tears忍住眼泪
move sb to tears使某人感动得流泪
in tears哭着;流泪
·tear up 撕毁;撕碎(文件等)
tear down拆毁,拆除(建筑物、墙等)
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
They were moved to 　　　 　(tear) when hearing the moving story of the soldier.
She was 　　 　　 tears when she won first prize.
(读后续写之动作描写) I hugged my friend tightly,　　　　　　　　(感激的泪水) streaming down my cheeks.
(读后续写之动作描写)She hid her face in her hands, and
　　　　　　 　　 　　(大哭了起来).
tears
in
tears of gratitude
burst into tears/burst out crying
4.independent adj.独立的
·independently adv.独立地;自立地
·independence n.独立;自立
·dependent adj.依赖的,依靠的
·dependence n.依赖,依靠
·depend v.依靠;依赖
[教材原句] The more independent you are,the better your life will be.
你越独立,你的生活就会越好。
例　(2024·全国甲卷)It was my junior year of undergraduate,and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature.
那是我大三的时候,我正在进行一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。
例　(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.
用更专业的术语来讲,群体智慧要求人们的预测必须彼此独立。
归纳拓展
·be independent of 不依赖于;独立于
·be dependent on/upon 依赖,依靠
·depend on/upon 依赖,依靠;取决于
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
The product aims to help disabled people to live
(independent).
Parents should encourage their children to develop
(independent) from an early age.
Whether we will go on a picnic this weekend depends 　　　　 the weather.
independently
independence
on/upon
(读后续写之主旨升华)你的未来取决于你现在的努力,所以你要依靠你自己的奋斗去实现目标。
→Your future 　　　　　　　 　　　　 your current efforts, so you should rely on your own struggle to achieve your goals.(dependent)
→Your future 　　　　 　　　 your current efforts, so you should rely on your own struggle to achieve your goals.(depend)
is dependent on/upon
depends on/upon
Independence is crucial for personal growth.Excessive dependence on others may lead to a lack of confidence.We need to maintain a balance between independence and dependence, which can ensure that we are able to be self-reliant without isolating ourselves.In all, living independently doesn’t mean rejecting help but knowing when and how to depend on others wisely.
独立对于个人成长至关重要。过分依赖他人可能会导致缺乏自信。我们需要在独立和依赖之间保持平衡,这可以确保我们能够自力更生的同时又不至于孤立自己。总之,独立地生活并不意味着拒绝帮助,而是明智地知道何时以及如何依赖他人。
语
境
串
词
重点句式
every time 引导时间状语从句,意为“每当……”
▲
[教材原句] Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.
也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food
每次扔掉没吃完的食物时,你的灵魂是否会死去一点点
例　(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) But every time I tried to string a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills.
但每次我想要把一个意大利语的句子连在一起时,当地人都会对我微笑并称赞我的语言技能。
例　(应用文写作之感谢信)Every time I was in trouble, my teacher would come to help me out.
每当我有麻烦的时候,我的老师都会来帮我一把。
归纳拓展
·every/each time 是名词短语用作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“每当……”,相当于whenever。
·the first time/(the) next time/(the) last time引导时间状语从句,表示“第一次/下次/上次(最后一次)……时”。
·the instant/moment/minute/second等名词用作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”。
·immediately/instantly/directly等副词用作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”。
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(每当我们举行家庭聚餐),it’s full of laughter and warmth.
　　　　　　　　　 　　(上次我去北京时),he was studying in Peking University.
　　　　　　　(第一次) he came to the city,he decided to settle there.
(读后续写之动作描写)
　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(他一结束演讲), the audience burst into applause.
Every/Each time we have a family dinner
Last time I went to Beijing
The first time
The instant/moment/minute/second he finished
his speech 或Immediately/Instantly/Directly he finished his speech
[教材原句] However, when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good,or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate,are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else
尝试分析:本句是主从复合句。 与 为or连接的两个由when引导的时间状语从句; 为that引导的宾语从句; 为that引导的宾语从句; 为定语从句,修饰a meal。
自主翻译:但是,当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看,或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时,我们真的是在为别人着想吗
长难句分析
[语境运用] 情境写作
当我们想结交更多的朋友并认为我们可以把爱和友谊传递给别人时,或者当我们想丰富我们的日常生活并期望我们能体验到我们以前没有经历过的事情时,我们都需要与更多的人互动,以改变我们的生活。
,
we all need to interact with more people to have a change in our life.
When we want to make more friends and think that we can pass our love and friendship on to others,or when we want to enrich our daily life and expect that we can experience the things that we haven’t experienced before
写作微专题1
Writing an essay
文本解读
1.文体类型:寓言故事读后感,属于论说文范畴,常用于叙述寓言的启示,说出在简单的故事中富有教育意义的主题或深刻的道理。
2.要点内容:(1)寓言故事概要;(2)教给我们的道理及生活中的类似案例;
(3)得出结论。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.寓言故事读后感首段常用句式。
Recently I have just read a fable...
The fable goes like this...
The fable describes...
It is mentioned in the fable that...
2.寓言故事读后感中段常用句式。
The fable teaches us that...
We learn from the fable that...
It is implied in the fable that...
As we can see from the fable...
3.寓言故事读后感尾段常用句式。
In a word,we should...
In conclusion...
In my opinion,we are supposed to...
I believe that...
佳作建构
根据下面的寓言故事,结合生活实例,写一篇读后感。
The Pigeon and the Ant
An ant came to the river to drink,but unfortunately fell into the river.A pigeon saw it and threw down a branch to save it.Before long,the ant saw that the hunter was aiming at the pigeon with a gun,so it bit him hard in the foot sharply,not letting him shoot the pigeon.The pigeon was very grateful to the ant,and they became good friends from then on.
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 v.使(船)沉没
2.　　　　　　　　 adj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的
3.　　　　　　　　 adv.此外,而且
4.　　　　　　　 帮(某人)一把
5.　　　　　　　 使失望,辜负
sink
frank
moreover
help (sb) out
let down
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.这则寓言讲述了一个故事:一只鸽子救了一只掉进河里的蚂蚁。后来,蚂蚁从猎人手中救了鸽子。
The fable describes a story that a pigeon saved an ant after it
　　　　　.The ant later saved the pigeon from a hunter.
2.有些朋友被认为不重要。当我们遇到困难时,他们可以帮助我们摆脱困境。
Some friends are considered unimportant.They can 　　　　　 　　 when we’re in trouble.
sank into
a river
help us out
3.我们不能看不起别人。我们应该平等对待他们。
We mustn’t 　　　　　　　　　 others.We should treat them equally.
4.当他们需要帮助时,我们不应该让他们失望,而是尽我们所能帮助他们。
When they are in need of help,we should not 　　　　　　　　　 but do what we can to help them.
look down on
let them down
5.反过来,他们将不遗余力地帮助我们。
In return,they will 　　　　　　　　　　　　 help us.
6.坦率地说,我认为我们只有通过这种方式才能交到更多的朋友。
　　　　　　　　 　　　　,I conclude that only in this way can we make more friends.
spare no efforts to
Frankly speaking/To be frank
亮点提升
1.将第1句中的两个句子用定语从句进行改写升级。
The fable describes a story that a pigeon saved an ant after it sank into a river,who later saved the pigeon from a hunter.
2.将第2句中的前一句用过去分词改写,并与后一句合并。
Some friends considered unimportant can help us out when we’re in trouble.
3.将第3句用“not...but...”进行改写升级。
We mustn’t look down on others but treat them equally.
范文展示
The fable describes a story that a pigeon saved an ant after it sank into a river,who later saved the pigeon from a hunter.The two became good friends by helping each other.
The fable teaches us that some friends considered unimportant can help us out when we’re in trouble.So,in our real life,we mustn’t look down on others but treat them equally.Moreover,when they are in need of help,we should not let them down but do what we can to help them.In return,they will spare no efforts to help us.
Frankly speaking/To be frank,I conclude that only in this way can we make more friends.
写作练习
One hot summer day,a fox was walking through an orchard.He stopped before a bunch of grapes.They were ripe and juicy.“I’m just feeling thirsty,” he thought.So he backed up a few paces, got a running start, jumped up, but could not reach the grapes.He walked back.One, two, three, he jumped up again, but still, he failed to reach the grapes.The fox tried again and again, but never succeeded.At last he decided to give it up.He walked away with his nose in the air, and said,“I am sure they are sour.”
请从这则寓言中提炼出一个恰当的主题,写一篇80词左右的英文读后感。内容包括:
1.简要概括这则寓言;
2.谈谈你的理解或感受;
3.以你或你身边的人或事加以论证。
写作指导
One possible version:
I’m deeply impressed by the fable. This fable describes a fox who is unable to reach the juicy grapes and comforts himself by claiming they are sour.
It reveals a common psychological defensive reaction—denial. I think this mentality of “saying grapes are sour when you can’t eat them” reflects people’s tendency to make excuses for their failures.
Personally, I’ve seen friends justify missing out on opportunities by downplaying their value. The fable tells us it’s crucial to face failures honestly, learn from them and strive for improvement rather than resorting to empty excuses.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后 续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 相关词语 agony n.痛楚,苦难　anger n.愤怒　annoyed adj.恼怒的,烦恼的　ashamed adj.羞愧的　concern n.忧虑,担心　disappointed adj.失望的　embarrassment n.尴尬,难为情　tear n.眼泪,泪水　let down 使失望,辜负 let off steam 发泄怒火,宣泄情绪　
动作描写 相关词语 help out 帮一把　have a chat with 和……闲谈　take a breath 吸一口气　ensure v.确保,保证　forgive v.原谅,宽恕　criticise v.批评,指责　deceive v.欺骗　justify v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理;为……辩护
人物描写 相关词语 frank adj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的　independent adj.独立的
读后续写 微技能之“线” I’m crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.(情感描写)
Disappointed by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend.(情感描写)
I was just letting off steam really, because I was so angry, but then my friend went and told everyone else what I’d said.(情感描写;动作描写)
Embarrassed and ashamed, I can’t concentrate on anything.(情感描写)
Filled with anger, you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.(情感描写)
If you think about other people’s feelings as well as your own, you’ll soon find everything works out.(结尾升华)
读后 续写 微技能之“面”
读后续写——原谅朋友善意的谎言
一天,莉莉发现她最好的朋友露西在一件小事上欺骗了她。莉莉一开始满腔怒火,开始指责露西。露西感到非常羞愧,低下了头。一看到露西的反应,莉莉深吸了一口气让自己平静下来。她决定坦诚地和露西进行一次谈话。露西解释道她是出于善意撒了谎,并不是故意欺骗莉莉的。最后,莉莉选择了原谅她。经过这件事,她们的关系变得更加亲密了。
One day, Lily found that her best friend Lucy had deceived her about a small matter.Lily 1.　　　　　　 　　 　 at first and began to criticise Lucy.Lucy 2.　　　　　　　 　, lowering her head.On seeing Lucy’s reaction, Lily 3.　　　　　　　　　 to calm herself down.She decided to 4.　　　　　 　　　 　.
Lucy explained that she had lied out of good intentions and didn’t deceive Lily on purpose.In the end, Lily 5.　　　　　　　　　　.
After this incident, their relationship became even closer.
was filled with anger
felt very ashamed
took a deep breath
have a chat with Lucy frankly
chose to forgive her
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.loose adj.说话随便(轻率)的→ v.(使)放松,变松
2.fault n.责任,过错→ adj.有错误的;有缺点的→ adj.没有错误的;无缺点的
3.resolve v.解决(问题、困难)→ n.决议;(问题、分歧等的)解决;决心
4.concern n.忧虑,担心→ adj.担心的→ prep.关于
loosen
faulty
faultless
resolution
concerned
concerning
5.annoyed adj.恼怒的,烦恼的→ v.使……不悦,惹恼→
adj.令人生气的→ n.恼怒;生气;烦恼
6.adjust v.适应,(使)习惯→ n.调整,调节;适应→
adj.可调整的,可调节的
7.accident n.意外事件,偶然因素→ adj.意外的,偶然的→
adv.意外地,偶然地
annoy
annoying
annoyance
adjustment
adjustable
accidental
cidentally
8.complexity n.复杂性,错综复杂→ adj.复杂的
9.forgive v.原谅,宽恕→ n.原谅,宽恕
10.criticise v.批评,指责→ n.批评→ n.批评家;评论家→
adv.批判地;批判性地
11.embarrassment n.尴尬,难为情→ v.使尴尬,使难堪→
adj.尴尬的,难堪的,困窘的→ adj.令人尴尬的,令人难堪的
complex
forgiveness
criticism
critic
critically
embarrass
embarrassed
embarrassing
12.deceive v.欺骗→ n.骗人者,欺诈者→ n.欺骗,欺诈→
adj.不诚实的,骗人的
13.justify v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理;为……辩护→ adj.
(做某事)有正当理由的;事出有因的→ n.正当理由→
n.公平,公正→ adj.合理的,公正的
14.frank adj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的→ adv.坦率地,坦诚地→
n.率直,坦率,坦白
deceiver
deceit
deceitful
justified
justification
justice
just
frankly
frankness
15.independent adj.独立的→ adv.独立地;自立地→
n.独立;自立→ adj.依赖的,依靠的→
n.依赖,依靠→ v.依靠;依赖
independently
independence
dependent
dependence
depend
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　 一团糟;乱七八糟,凌乱
2. 帮一把;帮摆脱困境
3. 使失望,辜负
4. 发泄怒火,宣泄情绪
5. 集中精力于……,把注意力集中在……
6. 祸从口出
in a mess
help out
let down
let off steam
concentrate on...
loose lips sink ships
7. 向某人道歉
8. 吸一口气
9. 做好分内事,尽责
10. 善意的谎言
11. 大多数
12. 说实话
13. 提前
14. 由……组成,由……构成
apologise to sb
take a breath
pull one’s weight
white lies
the majority of
tell the truth
in advance
consist of...
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.which引导非限制性定语从句
I’m crazy about basketball,and pretty good at it too,
(也许正因如此,在我们队输掉了最近的比赛时我相当恼怒).
句式仿写
I’m passionate about painting, and pretty skilled at it as well,
(也许正因如此,在我的艺术作品没能入选最终展览时,我感到如此的失望).
which is probably why
I was so mad when we lost our last match
which is
probably why I was so disappointed when my artwork didn’t make the
final exhibit
2.形容词短语作状语
(既尴尬又羞愧), I can’t concentrate on anything.
句式仿写
(既紧张又害怕), Lily stood on the stage,and her mind went blank.
Embarrassed and ashamed
Nervous and frightened
3.It is +过去分词+that...
(人们认为)EQ plays an even more important role than IQ (intelligence quotient) in people’s lives.
句式仿写
(人们认为) perseverance holds a crucial place in individual’s success.
It is believed that
It is believed that
4.动词不定式作表语
One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is
(想要更好地照顾别人的感受).
句式仿写
Her dream is (成为一位世界著名的女演员).
to try to make others feel
better
to become a world-famous actress
5.so that引导目的状语从句
Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you (从而改进和提高).
句式仿写
I water the plants regularly (以便它们能健康地生长).
so that they can improve
so that they can grow healthily(共24张PPT)
Unit 1　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.　　　　 (give) more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better.
2.　　　 　 (bury) in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.
3.　　　　 (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
4.Deeply 　　 　　(move) by the story, the children began to cry.
5.　　　　 (compare) with summer, I prefer autumn because it’s cooler.
6.　　　 　 (inspire) by Mr Chen’s speech, they decided to study science harder.
Given
Buried
Faced
moved
Compared
Inspired
7.　　　 　(found) in the early 20th century, the building is still in good condition.
8.　　 　　 (frighten) by the sudden loud noise, the little girl burst into tears.
9.　　　　 (grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
10.　　　　 (base) on a true love story, the film became a hit the moment it was released.
Founded
Frightened
Grown
Based
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.　　　　　　　　　　(被雪覆盖着), the mountains looked beautiful.
2.　　　　　　　　(陷入沉思), he didn’t notice me come in.
3.　　　　　　　 　(在导游的带领下),the tourists visited the ancient city.
4.　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　(受他积极态度的影响), I became more optimistic.
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(在他的朋友们的支持下), he managed to finish the task.
Covered with snow
Lost in thought
Led by the guide
Influenced by his positive attitude
Supported by his friends
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Have you ever felt a connection with others while singing,dancing,or listening to music together Psychologist Robin Dunbar says moving in sync (同步) can create strong bonds between people.He believes it helped early humans make larger groups and better communities.
Dunbar thinks humans found a way to get in tune with many people at the same time using voices or body movements.This lets us make bigger groups than other primates (灵长目动物),who usually bond by cleaning their fur for each other.When people sing or dance in sync,they release feel-good chemicals,which help build relationships.
In one experiment with athletes,researchers found that those who worked out in sync with others were more resistant to pain.This may be because their endorphin (内啡肽) levels increased.In another study,people who danced in sync felt closer to others than those who danced separately.
One interesting experiment involved babies.It showed that they are more likely to help an adult if they previously bounced in sync with them.This suggests that even very young children can experience the bonding effects of synchrony.Research has also shown that we use both the left and right sides of the brain when we move in sync with others.
Additionally,the brain’s reward system is activated (激活),making us more likely to lend a hand to others when we are in sync.
Animals,like birds and fish,also show synchrony in their movements.
This points to this kind of behaviour having evolutionary roots.Flocks of birds flying in formation and schools of fish swimming together are examples of synchrony in the animal kingdom.This type of behaviour helps animals stick together to protect themselves from danger and to find food more efficiently.
So,the next time you’re at a concert or dance party,remember that moving together not only feels good but also helps us bond with others and create a sense of unity.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了同步行动可以在人与人之间建立牢固的联系,这有助于早期人类形成更大的群体和更好的社区。文章对同步行动的好处进行了介绍。
(　　)1.What does Robin Dunbar think of synchrony
[A]It requires plenty of practice.
[B]It helps to bring people closer.
[C]It improves the function of the body.
[D]It sets humans apart from other animals.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知,Robin Dunbar认为同步行动有助于拉近人与人之间的距离。故选B。
(　　)2.What does research show about people in sync
[A]They will be rewarded.
[B]They could be more helpful.
[C]They will live a happy life.
[D]They are unlikely to feel pain.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,研究表明同步的时候人们会更乐于助人。故选B。
(　　)3.Why does the author mention “birds” and “fish” in Paragraph 5
[A]To prove they are different from other species.
[B]To explain how they cooperate with each other.
[C]To introduce how animals make use of synchrony.
[D]To show synchrony also exists in the animal world.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句可知,本段中提及鸟和鱼是为了说明动物界也存在同步性。故选D。
(　　)4.What does the passage mainly talk about concerning synchronised movements
[A]Its variety.
[B]Its applications.
[C]Its benefits.
[D]Its complexity.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段和最后一段内容可知,本文主要阐述了同步行动的好处。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
It is often difficult to start a friendship and even more difficult to keep one. Jenny and I 1.　　 　　(be) best friends since we were primary school students. Whether we are walking to school, doing homework 2.
just hanging out at the weekend, we are hardly out of each other’s sight. But last Saturday, she broke my heart when I found out I was tricked by her.
have been
or
Our 3.　　　 　 (origin) plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon, but it was cancelled because Jenny was sick. Later a classmate told me that she had seen Jenny 4.　　　　 (chat) with another girl in the café on Saturday afternoon. I felt so angry 5.　　 　　 I not only avoided her during the school day but also didn’t respond to any of her online
6.　 　　　(message).
original
chatting
that
messages
At a loss what to do next, I turned to online communities 7.　 　 advice about maintaining friendships. I realised that this friendship was worth saving and I found an opportunity 8.　　　 　(have) a full and frank talk with her. She explained that she spent 9.　　　　 morning recovering at home and then she got a call from a long-lost friend who asked her out for coffee. She made an apology to me and said she didn’t want to let go of our friendship.
for
to have
the
The incident left me thinking about what it really means to be a good friend. Friendships are like flowers that need to be taken good care of. Through our conversation, I know that our friendship will grow
10.　　　　 (strong) than ever.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和好朋友珍妮之间的误会并重建友谊的故事。
stronger
1.【答案】 have been
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语从句“since we were primary school students”可知,主句应用现在完成时;主语为Jenny and I,助动词应用have。故填have been。
2.【答案】 or
【解析】 考查连词。whether...or...是固定搭配,意为“无论……还是……”,符合句意。故填or。
3.【答案】 original
【解析】 考查形容词。此处修饰名词plan,作定语,应用形容词。故填original。
4.【答案】 chatting
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。see sb doing sth是固定搭配,意为“看到某人正在做某事”,符合句意。故填chatting。
5.【答案】 that
【解析】 考查状语从句。so...that...引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”,符合句意。故填that。
6.【答案】 messages
【解析】 考查名词复数。此处应用名词作宾语,且表示复数意义。故填messages。
7.【答案】 for
【解析】 考查介词。turn to sb for sth是固定搭配,意为“向某人寻求某物”,符合句意。故填for。
8.【答案】 to have
【解析】 考查动词不定式。find an opportunity to do sth是固定搭配,意为“找机会做某事”,符合句意。故填to have。
9.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。根据句意和空后名词morning可知,此处特指“那个早上”,需用定冠词。故填the。
10.【答案】 stronger
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。根据句意和空后的than ever可知,此处应用形容词的比较级。故填stronger。(共102张PPT)
Unit 1　
Knowing me,
knowing you
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
In interpersonal relationships,adopting a strategy of open communication is crucial.Frank communication can resolve concerns when disagreements appear.Each person has a duty to be understanding and willing to forgive minor mistakes.Instead of criticising,try to adjust your communication methods and be more considerate.This helps foster a healthier and more supportive bond.
在人际关系中,采取开放式沟通策略至关重要。当分歧出现时,坦诚的沟通能够解决忧虑。每个人都有责任体谅他人,并愿意宽恕小错误。与其批评,不如努力调整你的沟通方式,变得更加体贴。这有助于建立一种更健康、更相互支持的关系。
Starting out—Using language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　　　 n.计谋,策略;行动计划
2. n.职责,义务;责任
3. v.确保,保证
4. n.一口气
写作词汇
strategy
duty
ensure
breath
1.agony n.
2.steam n.
3.lip n.
4.sink v.
5.signal n.
6.core adj.
7.boxing n.
阅读词汇
痛楚,苦难
蒸汽,水蒸气
(嘴)唇
使(船)沉没
信号;暗号
核心的(课程、团体等)
拳击(运动)
拓展词汇
1. adj.说话随便(轻率)的→loosen v.(使)放松,变松
2. n.责任,过错→faulty adj.有错误的;有缺点的→faultless adj.没有错误的;无缺点的
3. v.解决(问题、困难)→resolution n.决议;(问题、分歧等的)解决;决心
4. n.忧虑,担心→concerned adj.担心的→concerning prep.关于
5. adj.恼怒的,烦恼的→annoy v.使……不悦,惹恼→annoying adj.令人生气的→annoyance n.恼怒;生气;烦恼
loose
fault
resolve
concern
annoyed
6. v.适应,(使)习惯→adjustment n.调整,调节;适应→adjustable adj.可调整的,可调节的
7. n.意外事件,偶然因素→accidental adj.意外的,偶然的→
accidentally adv.意外地,偶然地
8. n.复杂性,错综复杂→complex adj.复杂的
9. v.原谅,宽恕→forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕
adjust
accident
complexity
forgive
10. v.批评,指责→criticism n.批评→critic n.批评家;评论家→
critically adv.批判地;批判性地
11. n.尴尬,难为情→embarrass v.使尴尬,使难堪→
embarrassed adj.尴尬的,难堪的,困窘的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的,令人难堪的
criticise
embarrassment
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.in a mess　　　　 　
2.help out
3.be crazy about
4.let down
5.let off steam
6.concentrate on...
一团糟;乱七八糟;凌乱
帮一把;帮摆脱困境
热衷于……
使失望,辜负
发泄怒火,宣泄情绪
集中精力于……,把注意力集中在……
7.loose lips sink ships
8.apologise to sb
9.have a chat with...
e to (one’s) mind
11.take a breath
12.pull one’s weight
祸从口出
向某人道歉
和……闲谈
突然记起(或想到)
吸一口气
做好分内事,尽责
13.look down on
14.take the lead
15.by accident
轻视;看不起
领先
偶然,意外地
重点句型
1.I’m crazy about basketball,and pretty good at it too,
.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
我酷爱打篮球,打得也很好,也许正因如此,在我们队输掉了最近的比赛时我相当恼怒。
which is probably
why I was so mad when we lost our last match
2. ,I said all this to my best friend.(过去分词短语作状语)
我对他的所作所为感到失望,就把这些全部告诉了我最好的朋友。
3. ,I can’t concentrate on anything.(形容词短语作状语)
我既尴尬又羞愧, 做什么事都无法集中精力。
Disappointed by his behaviour
Embarrassed and ashamed
4. anger,you tend to say .(过去分词短语作状语;whatever引导宾语从句)
满腔怒火的时候,你往往想到什么就说什么。
5. EQ plays an even more important role than IQ (intelligence quotient) in people’s lives.(It is+过去分词+that...)
人们认为,在生活中,情商比智商扮演着更为重要的角色。
Filled with
whatever comes to your mind
It is believed that
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境类型:人与社会——如何建立并保持良好的人际关系。
2.语篇类型:私人信件。
3.课文内容分析:
本文呈现了两封书信,描述同学之间相处时出现的问题和建议的解决办法。第一封信是求助信,写信人Ben描述了一场篮球比赛引发的一系列人际关系问题。第二封信是针对第一封信的回复,内容是Agony Aunt 就Ben 的问题给出的建议。阅读本文,有利于引导学生关注自己的性格特点和情绪管理方式,认识和完善自己,尊重他人,建立并维护良好的人际关系。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
let down
let
off steam
concentrate
on
have a chat with
will move on
works out
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.Why did Ben write the letter for help
[A]Because the point guard let down the team.
[B]Because Ben’s best friend let out his secret to others.
[C]Because Ben’s basketball team lost an important match.
[D]Because he was caught in an awkward situation after a basketball match.
D
(　　)2.What does Agony Aunt think of Ben’s behaviour
[A]Favourable.
[B]Opposed.
[C]Understandable.
[D]Admirable.
C
(　　)3.What is the most important according to Agony Aunt
[A]Knowing yourself clearly first.
[B]Making your communication clear.
[C]Speaking your mind clearly in anger.
[D]Giving other people a correct signal.
A
(　　)4.What does “that” in the third sentence of Paragraph 4 in the second letter refer to
[A]Winning more basketball games.
[B]Working together.
[C]Winning any basketball game.
[D]Apologising to your teammate.
B
二次开发·深研课文
▲
Ben,17,is a member of the school basketball team.He is crazy
1.　　　　 basketball and pretty good at it,but his team 2.　　　　 (lose) the last match.In Ben’s opinion,the point guard was 3.　　 　　 (blame).
4.　　 　　 (disappoint) by his behaviour,Ben told this to his best friend.However,his best friend told everyone else 5.　　　　 he’d said.Ben didn’t know what to do,so he asked Agony Aunt for help.
about
lost
to blame
Disappointed
what
As far as Agony Aunt 6.　　　 　 (concern),it is mainly his friend’s loose lips that make the situation worse.But it’s 7.　　 　 　 (part) Ben’s fault.She suggests that Ben should apologise to his teammate first.
Secondly,Ben should talk to his friend and tell him that he is angry with him for 8.　　　 　(repeat) what he said and making the situation worse,
9.　　 　　 that he wants to move on.Thirdly,Ben should think about his own behaviour and always remember: think first,speak later.If he feels one of his teammates isn’t pulling their 10.　　　　 (weigh),then he should raise his concerns in a professional way with his team coach.
is concerned
partly
repeating
but
weight
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.in a mess 一团糟;乱七八糟;凌乱
·mess n.困境;混乱;杂乱;不整洁 v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱
·messy adj.凌乱的;混乱的;难以处理的
[教材原句] I’m in a total mess here—hope you can help me out!
我这儿完全一团糟,希望您能帮我一把!
例　(读后续写之人物描写)Her messy hair was a clear sign that she had just woken up.
她凌乱的头发清楚地表明她刚睡醒。
例　(读后续写之场景描写)The naughty boy left the house in an awful mess.
这个淘气的男孩把房子弄得一团糟。
归纳拓展
·make a mess 弄乱;把……弄糟
What a mess! 真乱啊!
·mess with sb/sth 与某人有牵连;卷入不好的事
mess up 弄脏;弄乱
·a messy kitchen 凌乱的厨房
a messy problem 复杂的问题
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I have been so busy that I have no time to clear up my room which is so
　　　　 (mess).
(读后续写之情感描写)My dad will get angry with me if I leave the kitchen 　　　　　　　 (一团糟).
It takes me days to put the documents in order,so I don’t want them
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　(被弄乱).
messy
in a mess
to be messed up
2.help (sb) out 帮(某人)一把;帮(某人)摆脱困境
·helpful adj.有用的,有益的
·helpless adj.无自理能力的,无助的
[教材原句] I’m in a total mess here—hope you can help me out!
我这儿完全一团糟,希望您能帮我一把!
例　(应用文写作之感谢信)I am extremely grateful to my English teacher because he often helps me out when I get into trouble.
我非常感激我的英语老师,因为他经常在我遇到困难的时候帮我摆脱困境。
例　When I entered the library,the librarian smiled and said,“Help yourself to the books.”
当我走进图书馆,图书管理员微笑着说:“请随意阅读书籍。”
help yourself 请自便
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Things like kale ribs,fish collars,rejected sweet potatoes,and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,with the help of a number of good chefs,turned into excellent cuisine.
像羽衣甘蓝的粗梗、鱼颈肉、被挑剩下的红薯,以及黄瓜蒂这类边角料,在多位优秀厨师的帮助下,被重新利用,最终变成了美味佳肴。
with the help of sb=with sb’s help 在某人的帮助下
归纳拓展
·help (to) do sth 有助于做某事;帮助做某事
help sb with/(to) do/in doing sth 帮某人做某事
help yourself 请自便
can’t help doing/but do sth 忍不住做某事
·with the help of sb=with sb’s help 在某人的帮助下
be of help to sb=be helpful to sb 对某人有帮助
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Take this medicine.It will help you 　　 　　(get) better.
I helped him 　　　　 his lessons and told him not to worry about them.
　　　　 my teacher’s help,I overcame my fear of public speaking and delivered a great speech.
Sometimes,in order to succeed,we can’t help but 　　　 　 (face) failure bravely and learn from it.
(to) get
with
With
face
(应用文写作之建议信)听说你对学习中文感兴趣,我想分享一些建设性的建议,这些建议或许对你有帮助。
→Hearing that you are interested in learning Chinese,I would like to share some constructive suggestions,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(help n.)
→Hearing that you are interested in learning Chinese,I would like to share some constructive suggestions,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(helpful)
which might be of help to you
which might be helpful to you
语
境
串
词
At first,he was a newcomer in this city and met so many difficulties.There was nobody for him to turn to for help and that made him helpless.
Fortunately,he soon ran across some of his friends.They offered him helpful suggestions.These successfully helped him out.
起初,他刚到这座城市,遇到了很多困难。他没有人可以求助,这让他很无助。幸运的是,他很快就遇到了他的一些朋友。他们向他提出了有用的建议。这些成功地帮了他一把。
3.let (sb/sth) down使(某人)失望,辜负(某人);放下;(把裙子、外套等)放长;放出
(褶边)
[教材原句] We played well,but I felt the team were let down by one member,
our point guard.
我们打得不错,但我感觉整个团队都被一个队友拖累了,那就是我们的控球
后卫。
例　His efforts finally didn’t let his parents down.
他的努力最终没有让他的父母失望。
例　(读后续写之动作描写)He let down a rope so that I could climb up.
他放下一根绳子,好让我爬上去。
归纳拓展
let alone 更不用说;更别提
let sb alone 不打扰某人;别管某人
let sb in 让某人进来
let out 发出(叫声);把(衣服)加宽,放大;泄露
let go (of sb/sth) 放开,放手;解雇
let off steam发泄怒火,宣泄情绪
let off 使爆炸;饶恕,放过
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之动作描写)Hearing a knock on the door,Lily quickly opened it and 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 (让她的朋友进来).
The baby can’t even sit up yet,　　　　　　　　　　 (更不用说走路了).
(读后续写之动作描写)Seeing the snake,the girl couldn’t help
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(发出惊恐的叫声).
let her friend in
let alone walk
letting out a cry of horror
After a busy day,Sarah dances freely in her living room
(以宣泄情绪).
The child suddenly 　　　　　　 　　　　 (松开了她的手) and ran across the street.
to let off steam
let go of her hand
4.fault n.责任,过错
·faulty adj.有错误的;有缺点的
·faultless adj.没有错误的;无缺点的
[教材原句] But I have to say that it’s partly your fault,isn’t it
不过我不得不说你也有一部分责任,不是吗
例　It is your fault to scold him before you know the fact.
在弄清事实之前就责备他,那就是你的过错了。
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I realised it was me who was at fault.
我意识到是我有过错。
at fault 有过错;应当负责
归纳拓展
at fault 有过错;应当负责
find fault (with) 挑剔;抱怨
be sb’s fault (that)...……是某人的过错
be sb’s fault for doing sth 做某事是某人的责任
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
They had to cancel the flight because of a 　　 　　 (fault) navigation system on the plane.
Some scientists believe that human activities are largely 　　　　 　　 (应当负责)for the rapid climate change.
(话题写作之人际关系)You should not always
(挑别人的毛病),but should reflect more on yourself.
faulty
at fault
find fault with other people
(读后续写之场景描写)Little Tom lowered his head in shame and admitted to his mother that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (打碎玻璃是他的错).
it was his fault for breaking the glass
5.breath n.一口气;呼吸;呼吸的空气;(风或气流的)一丝,丝毫;微量,迹象
·breathe v.呼吸;呼出
·breathless adj.(令人)屏息的;气喘吁吁的
[教材原句] Take a deep breath,calm down,and always remember:think first,speak later.
深呼吸,冷静下来,并时刻记住:先思而后言。
例　(2024·全国甲卷)There,they would walk through deep water,sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their breath while they watched all action going on around them.
在那里,他们会穿过深水,盘腿坐在水下,屏住呼吸,观察着周围发生的一切。
例　(2024·浙江1月卷)Soon Eva began to breathe hard,with her heart pounding and legs shaking.Feeling desperate,Eva started using a mind trick on herself.
很快,伊娃开始呼吸困难,心跳加速,双腿颤抖。感到绝望之际,伊娃开始对自己使用心理暗示。
归纳拓展
·catch one’s breath 喘口气
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
take a breath 吸一口气
take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹;让人叹绝
out of breath 上气不接下气
a breath of wind 一丝风
·breathe in 吸入;吸气
breathe out 呼出;呼气
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He opened the window to let in some fresh air and 　　 　　 (breath) freely.
I found that the beautiful view seen from the top of the mountain
　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 (令人惊叹).
Ann ran all the way to school,　　　　　　　　 (上气不接下气).
All participants 　　　　　　　　　(屏住呼吸) when the result of the competition was read out.
breathe
took my breath away
out of breath
held their breath
6.concern n.[U,C]忧虑,担心;[C]重要的事情;[U]关爱,关心 v.让(某人)担忧;
涉及,影响,牵涉;与……有关
·concerned adj.担心的,忧虑的(作前置定语);(与某事)有关的,有牵连的(作后置定语);关切的,关注的
·concerning prep.涉及,关于(常用于写作中表达观点)
[教材原句] If you feel one of your teammates isn’t pulling their weight,then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach.
如果你觉得某个队友没有尽职尽责,那你要以专业的方式向球队教练提出你担心的事。
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant,supermarket,and supply chain industries.
食物浪费正日益成为餐饮、超市及供应链行业备受关注的问题。
例　(2024·全国甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke.
“医生们和他们的助手们在这么小的空间里工作和生活,但仍然保持专注并满怀关切之情,这给我留下了深刻的印象,”Ducke说。
归纳拓展
·show/express concern over/about/for...对……表示关心;
担忧
with concern 关切地
·be concerned with...和……有关,涉及……
be concerned about/for...对……担忧/忧虑
as far as sb is concerned 就某人而言,在某人看来
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
　　　 　 (concern) about your illness,we’d like to know how you are feeling now.
(应用文写作之介绍信)I’d like to share with you some information
　 　　　 (concern) Chinese table manners.
Parents are usually concerned 　　　　 the safety of their kids.
Concerned
concerning
about/for
She listened to her friend’s problems 　　　 　　　 　　 (关切地),
offering support and advice.
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 (就我而言),online learning is convenient and time-saving,allowing us to learn anytime and anywhere we like.
with concern
As far as I am concerned
语
境
串
词
As far as these volunteers are concerned,the well-being of the elderly is of great importance.They often show concern for the elderly and pay regular visits.They listen to the stories of the elderly with concern and often offer necessary help.Everything they do is concerned with the happiness of the elderly.
就这些志愿者而言,老年人的幸福很重要。他们常常对老年人表示关心,定期前去看望。他们关切地倾听老人们的故事并经常提供必要的帮助。他们所做的一切都与老年人的幸福有关。
7.annoyed adj.恼怒的,烦恼的
·annoying adj.令人生气的
·annoy v.使……不悦,惹恼
·annoyance n.恼怒;生气;烦恼
[教材原句] Prevented from playing her role in Riley’s emotional development,
Sadness feels annoyed.
由于被阻止在莱利的情感发展过程中发挥作用,悲伤感到烦恼。
例　(2023·全国甲卷)You’ll soon find that the more patience you practise,the more you start to apply it to other,more annoying situations.
你很快就会发现,你越是磨炼你的耐心,你就越能把它应用到其他更令人生气的情况中。
例　(读后续写之情感描写)She was annoyed with me because I was late.
她因为我迟到而生我的气。
be/get annoyed with sb生某人的气
归纳拓展
·be/get annoyed with sb生某人的气
be annoyed about/at sth 因某事而生气
be annoyed to do sth 因做某事而生气
·to one’s annoyance令某人生气的是
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Much to my 　　 　　 (annoy),my friend didn’t arrive at the cinema on time.
What is really 　　　　 (annoy) is that we made the same mistake again.
I was annoyed 　　　　 (find) that my teammate hadn’t pulled his weight.
The passengers 　　　　　　　 　　　　　 (因……而生气) the flight delay with no explanation.
annoyance
annoying
to find
were annoyed about/at
8.adjust v.适应,(使)习惯;调整,调节;整理
·adjustment n.调整,调节;适应
·adjustable adj.可调整的,可调节的
[教材原句] When Riley moves to a new city,she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.
当莱利搬到一个新的城市,她很难适应新的环境。
例　(读后续写之动作描写)She adjusted her skirt,took a deep breath and walked into the room.
她整理了一下裙子,深吸一口气,走进了房间。
例　It’s advisable to adjust your working environment.Add some green plants to boost your mood and productivity.
建议调整一下你的工作环境,添些绿植来改善心情、提高效率。
归纳拓展
·adjust...to...调整……以适应……
adjust to (doing) sth适应/习惯(做)某事
adjust oneself to...使自己适应……
·make an adjustment/adjustments to
对……做出调整
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He is amazed to find that the height of the chair is 　 　　　 (adjust).
You’d better adjust yourself 　　　　 the new school life as soon as possible.
To improve his health,he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (对他的饮食做出了调整),cutting down on sugar and fat.
(应用文写作之求助信)I am writing to ask you for some advice on how to
　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 (使我自己适应新的环境).
adjustable
to
made adjustments to his diet
adjust myself to the new environment
重点句式
形容词(短语)作状语
▲
[教材原句] Embarrassed and ashamed,I can’t concentrate on anything.
我既尴尬又羞愧,做什么事都无法集中精力。
例　(读后续写之情感描写)Surprised and pleased,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
又惊又喜,托尼站起来接受了奖品。
例　(读后续写之动作描写)His legs collapsed,his mind went blank,and then he fell to the ground,unconscious.
他双腿一软,脑袋一片空白,随后倒在地上,失去了知觉。
归纳拓展
·形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等,可位于句首、句中或句末,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
·形容词(短语)作状语常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子,则应用副词作状语。
[语境运用] 完成句子/句式升级
(读后续写之情感描写)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (因为这个好消息欣喜不已),the students cheered loudly in the classroom.
The little girl was lying on the bed,　　　 　 (醒着),listening to the rushing winds.
(读后续写之情感描写)John stared at the footprints,
(充满了恐惧).
Delighted with the good news
awake
full of/filled with fear
(应用文写作之邀请信)I am convinced that you like paper cutting,so I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　,I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(形容词短语作状语)
Convinced that you like paper cutting
before 引导时间状语从句
▲
[教材原句] It is understandable in that situation,but we should always think before we speak.
这在当时的情况下可以理解,但我们在说话前应该先想清楚。
例　(2024·全国甲卷)They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax.
在它们选择一个地方放松之前,它们会通过嗅觉找出特定的区域。
例　(2023·浙江1月卷)Before you start,I’d like to offer you some tips.
在你开始之前,我想给你一些建议。
before引导时间状语从句时可以根据语境译作“在……之前”“过了……(时间)才……”或“还没来得及……就……”。before引导时间状语从句时,常见用法如下。
[归纳拓展]
句型 意义 从句时态
It was+时间段+before... 过了……才…… 一般过去时
It was not long before... 不久就…… 一般过去时
It won’t be long before... 不久就会…… 一般现在时
It will/may be+时间段+before... 要过/或许要过……才…… 一般现在时
[语境运用] 完成句子
Please write it down 　　　　　　　　　　　　(在你忘记它之前).
　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 (要过很长时间才) we see each other again.
(读后续写之场景描写)　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 (不久就……) the rain stopped and the sun came out.
　　　　　　　　 　　 (不久就会……) the injured bird recovers and flies back into the sky.
before you forget it
It will be a long time before
It was not long before
It won’t be long before
长难句分析
[教材原句] This means that if you speak too much about something,
especially to people who you don’t know so well,it’ll cause all kinds of trouble.
尝试分析:本句是主从复合句。 为that引导的宾语从句, 为if引导的条件状语从句, 为who引导的定语从句。
自主翻译:这句话的意思是说如果你对某件事谈论得过多,尤其是跟你不太了解的人谈论,会招来各种各样的麻烦。
[语境运用] 情境写作
这间接说明如果你不好好把握时间和机会,尤其是那些相对宝贵的,你会留下更多遗憾。
This indirectly shows that
,especially those ,you will leave more regrets.
if you don’t make good use of time and
opportunities
that are relatively precious
语法微专题1
过去分词(短语)作状语
语法原句再现
Disappointed by his behaviour,I said all this to my best friend.
Approached in this way,your friendship will soon be repaired.
Filled with anger,you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
Prevented from playing her role in Riley’s emotional development,
Sadness feels annoyed.
通过观察以上句子可知,加粗的过去分词(短语)在句中作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。
语法知识点拨
一、含义及基本用法
过去分词(短语)的主要作用之一是在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况等,其逻辑主语是句子的主语,它们之间是被动关系。过去分词(短语)作状语,一般可转换为被动语态的状语从句。
状语类型 例句
时间 状语 Seen from the top of the mountain,the lake looks more beautiful.
→When the lake is seen from the top of the mountain,it looks more beautiful.
从山顶上看,湖泊看上去更漂亮。
原因 状语 Shocked by the news,she stood there speechless for a long time.
→Because she was shocked by the news,she stood there speechless for a long time.
被这个消息震惊到,她在那儿站了很久,说不出话。
条件 状语 Considered from this perspective,the problem can be easily solved.
→If the problem is considered from this perspective,it can be easily solved.
从这个角度考虑,这个问题很容易解决。
让步 状语 Exhausted from the long-distance running,she still managed to cross the finish line.
→Although she was exhausted from the long-distance running,she still managed to cross the finish line.
尽管长跑让她疲惫不堪,她还是设法冲过了终点线。
结果 状语 The cup fell to the ground,broken into pieces.
→The cup fell to the ground,so it was broken into pieces.
杯子掉到了地上,摔碎了。
方式 或伴 随状语 The teacher entered the classroom,followed by a group of students.
→The teacher entered the classroom,and he was followed by a group of students.
老师进入教室,后面跟着一群学生。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
　　 　　 (encourage) by his teacher,the naughty boy began to concentrate on the class.
　　　 　 (visit) many times,the place is still worth visiting again.
The woman walked out of the store,　　　　 (load) with shopping bags.
Encouraged
Visited
loaded
　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 (配备了最新的技术),the research team made remarkable progress in their study.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (多次被出版商拒绝),the young writer did not lose heart.
Equipped with the latest technology
Rejected many times by publishers
二、注意事项
1.过去分词(短语)作状语时,分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致;如果与句子的主语不一致,要在分词(短语)前加上逻辑主语,构成独立主格
结构。
The test finished,we’ll have our summer vacation.
考试结束以后,我们将放暑假。
Extra money given to people in need,he felt very happy.
因为把额外的钱给了有需要的人,他感到很高兴。
2.过去分词(短语)作状语时,有时为了强调,前面可带有连词,如when、while、if、though、as if、unless等,构成“连词+过去分词(短语)”结构,以使句意表达得更清楚。
Though faced with challenges,they never lost hope.
尽管面临挑战,他们从未放弃希望。
Unless invited,I won’t attend the party.
除非受到邀请,否则我不会参加这个聚会。
3.有些过去分词(短语)源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动关系,而重在描述主语的状态。常见的这类过去分词(短语)有satisfied(满意的)、disappointed(失望的)、determined(下定决心的)、lost/absorbed in(沉浸于)、seated(坐着的)、born in(出生于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦)、located in(位于)等。
Lost/Absorbed in thought,he didn’t hear the sound.
由于沉浸于思考中,他没有听到那个声音。
Located in the heart of the city,the museum attracts hundreds of visitors every day.
位于城市中心,这座博物馆每天吸引着数百名游客。
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　 (位于) one of the city’s prettiest squares,the shop is very popular.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(坐在公园的长椅上),she watched the children playing happily on the lawn.
　　　　　　　　(厌烦) the same routine,he decided to take a trip to a new place.
Located in
Seated on the bench in the park
Tired of
三、与现在分词(短语)作状语的区别
1.作状语时,过去分词(短语)表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间存在被动关系,现在分词(短语)表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。
2.过去分词(短语)作状语时,其动作通常发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前;现在分词(短语)作状语时,其动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生。
Used for a long time,the book looks very old.
由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book,I found it very useful.
在使用这本书时,我发现它很有用。
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(建于几百年前),the ancient temple still attracts many visitors every year.
She walked along the street,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(唱着一首动听的歌).
Built hundreds of years ago
singing a beautiful song
真题赏析
1.(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)　　　 　(determine) to turn her life around,Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle,
before discovering a passion for weightlifting.
【解析】 考查过去分词作状语。be determined to do sth是固定搭配,意为
“下定决心做某事”,在此处作状语,是非谓语动词,省略be。单词位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Determined。
Determined
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Two years later,a six-meter-tall pavilion,
(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,was built at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【解析】 考查过去分词作状语。通过分析可知,设空处为非谓语动词,在句中作状语,a six-meter-tall pavilion和inspire之间为被动关系,inspire应用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
inspired
3.(2023·浙江1月卷改编) Throughout the event,　 　　　(strike) by the incredible variety of plants that exist in our world,I gained a greater appreciation for the role that plants play in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.
【解析】 考查过去分词作状语。通过分析可知,strike与句子的主语I之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式作状语。故填struck。
struck
4.(2022·浙江1月卷)Yet properly 　　　 　 (understand),the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam,which began a century earlier.
【解析】 考查过去分词作状语。通过分析可知,understand与the age of electricity之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式作状语。故填understood。
understood
5.(2022·北京卷)Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory,increasingly 　　 　　 (support) by experts,suggests that smell preferences are learnt.
【解析】 考查过去分词作状语。通过分析可知,support和One theory之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式作状语。故填supported。
supported
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.这本书一经出版,将受到学生的欢迎。
　　　　　　　　,this book will be popular with the students.
2.她静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶。
She stood there silently,　　　　　　　　　　.
3.如果给我们更多的时间,我们会把工作做得更好。
　　　　　　 　　　　,we would have done the job better.
Once published
moved to tears
Given more time/More time given
4.身边围着一群年轻人,老人感到很高兴。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　,the old man felt very happy.
5.虽然这次旅行让人很疲惫,但我们都觉得很值得。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,we all thought it rewarding.
Surrounded by a group of young people
Exhausted from the trip
Ⅱ.语篇填空
1.　　　 　 (develop) rapidly,artificial intelligence has been widely applied,simplifying complex tasks.2.　 　　　 (design) intelligently,it has been transforming various industries,optimising efficiency.3.　　　　 (use) globally,AI systems have been enhancing daily lives,4.　　　 　 (make) operations smoother.5.　　　　 (analyse) deeply,big data has been feeding these systems,improving their accuracy.6.　　　　 (trust) increasingly,AI continues to evolve,promising a future reshaped by its capabilities.
Developing
Designed
Used
making
Analysed
Trusted

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