资源简介

(共96张PPT)
Unit 3　
The world of science
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　Scientists,such as chemists,astronomers and biologists,are always full of desire for knowledge.In order to obtain accurate and reliable experimental data,they often conduct experiments or carry out field research.Even facing failure,they never say never.Their extraordinary efforts have brought significant changes to our world and made it a better place.
　　科学家们,例如化学家、天文学家和生物学家,总是对知识充满渴望。为了获得精确可靠的实验数据,他们经常做实验或者进行实地调研。即使面对失败,他们也不轻易说决不。他们非凡的努力为我们的世界带来了重要的变化,使其成为一个更美好的地方。
Starting out—Using language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　 adj.虚拟的,模拟的
2. v.计算
3. n.例子,实例
4. adj.非凡的,出色的
5. adj.聪颖的,才华横溢的
6. n.药剂;疗法
写作词汇
virtual
compute
instance
extraordinary
brilliant
cure
1.shoot v.
2.gunpowder n.
3.compass n.
4.battery n.
5.stuff n.
6.passive adj.
阅读词汇
射出 (光线等),放射
火药
指南针,罗盘
电池
东西,物品
被动的
7.beyond prep.
8.species n.
9.stream n.
10.radium n.
无法……
物种
小河,小溪
镭(一种化学元素)
拓展词汇
1. v.按n.新闻;印刷→pressure n.压力
2. adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的→flexibly adv.灵活地;易弯曲地;柔软地;有弹性地→flexibility n.灵活性;弹性
3. adj.有能力的→capability n.能力,才能
4. n.渴望,欲望→desirable adj.值得拥有的;值得做的
5. adj.重要的,影响深远的→significance n.意义,重要性,重要意义→insignificant adj.微不足道的;无足轻重的
press
flexible
capable
desire
significant
6. v.使受伤,弄伤→injury n.伤害,损害→injured adj.受伤的
7. n.化学家→chemistry n.化学→chemical adj.化学的 n.化学制品
8. n.天文学家→astronomy n.天文学
9. n.生物学家→biology n.生物学→biological adj.生物学的;生物的
10. adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地;准确地→accuracy n.精确度;准确性
11. adj.小的→minority n.少数;少数民族;未成年
injure
chemist
astronomer
biologist
accurate
minor
12. n.起源,起因→original adj.原始的,最初的→originally adv.起初→originate v.起源,发源;创立,创建
13. n.学说,理论→theoretical adj.理论的,理论上的→ theoretically adv.从理论上说,照理说
14. adj.精神的;精神健康的→mentally adv.精神上;智力上;思想上
origin
theory
mental
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.virtual reality　　　　　
2.wearable tech
3.in addition
4.thanks to
5.in terms of...
6.be capable of doing sth
7.start with...
虚拟现实
可穿戴技术
除此之外,另外
幸亏,由于
从……方面来讲;就……而言
能够做某事
以……为起点
8.no doubt
9.lead to
10.at the moment
11.beyond recognition
12.for instance
13.be named after...
14.natural selection
15.field research
无疑
导致;推动
现在,目前
无法辨认
例如
以……命名
自然选择
实地研究,实地调研
重点句型
1.And now,we .(find+宾语+宾语补足语)
而现在,我们自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。
2.It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places,
.(with复合结构)
它能运用全球定位系统技术四处移动,计算机技术则控制着它的 “双腿”。
find ourselves in the great new age of technology
with
computing technology controlling its “legs”
3.So inspires us to invent things (强调句型的特殊疑问句)
那是什么激励着人们进行发明创造呢
4.This was no doubt the reason behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times, .(which引导非限制性定语从句)
古代轮子的发明无疑也是如此,后来它演变为汽车。
what is it that
which much later developed into the car
5.But we have an incredible desire to think and create,and that’s the real spirit of invention.(what引导主语从句)
不过有一点依旧重要,就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望,而这正是真正的发明精神。
what remains important is that
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——科技发展和科学精神。
2.语篇类型:访谈。
3.课文内容分析:
课文以问答的形式介绍了古今中外人类的伟大发明,这些发明给生活带来的巨大变化以及发明的原动力。阅读本文,有利于引导学生深入思考科学与生活之间的关系并了解未来世界科技的发展趋势,形成国际视野。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
papermaking
radio
reality
recognising
create
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What is the theme of the text
[A]The book The New Age of Invention has been published.
[B]The present day is a new age for inventions.
[C]The great age of invention is over.
[D]There have been golden ages of invention throughout history.
B
(　　)2.Why does Richard mention the four great inventions in Ancient China
[A]To prove the existence of golden ages of invention in history.
[B]To tell us the importance of the four inventions.
[C]To share his knowledge about the four inventions.
[D]To compare them with the great Western inventions.
A
(　　)3.What is Richard’s attitude to inventing a time machine
[A]Negative. [B]Optimistic.
[C]Critical. [D]Indifferent.
(　　)4.What do we know about the new great inventions today
[A]All of them are tech-based.
[B]A solution to a problem is an invention.
[C]The solar technology is always eco-friendly.
[D]Computing technology helps a lot.
B
D
二次开发·深研课文
▲
Dr Richard Fairhurst,1.　　　　 author of the book The New Age of Invention,is now 2.　　 　　 (interview) by the interviewer from Between the Pages.In Richard’s opinion,there 3.　　　 　 (be) golden ages of invention throughout history.And he also mentions the four great
4.　 　　　 (invent) in Ancient China and the great ones in the West.
But now most of the new great inventions are tech-based.For example,
advances in virtual reality and 5.　　 　　(wear) tech.
the
being interviewed
have been
inventions
wearable
6.　　　 　 addition,important advances in medicine and environmental science have been made thanks to 7.　　 　　 (increase) computer power.And an intelligent walking house is capable of using GPS technology 8.　　 　　 (travel) to different places.The 9.　　 　　 (impress) stuff makes the interviewer surprised.10.　　 　　 inspires people to invent things is recognising a problem that needs a solution.
In
increasing
to travel
impressive
What
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.press v.按;压;施加压力;催促;逼迫 n.报刊;新闻;印刷;报道;评论
·pressure n.压力
[教材原句] Presently I am going to press the lever,and off the machine
will go.
我马上就要按下这个操纵杆,机器将会飞出去。
例　(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)There,you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup,and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled.
在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——馅多汤少,饺子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。
例　(读后续写之动作描写)Out of curiosity,the little girl pressed her nose against the shop window.
出于好奇,小女孩把她的鼻子贴在商店的橱窗上。
press...against/to...把……压/挤/贴在……
归纳拓展
·press sb to do sth催促某人做某事
press...against/to...把……压/挤/贴在……
·under pressure 在压力之下;承受压力
under the pressure of 在……的压力下
put pressure on sb给某人施加压力
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The nurse applied 　　　 　 (press) to his arm to stop the bleeding.
He was pressed 　 　　　 (make) a final decision as soon as possible.
　　　　 the pressure of the approaching exam,she studied even harder and finally achieved excellent grades.
(应用文写作之建议信) 得知你这些天承受着很大的压力,我写信给你一些建议。
Learning that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 these days,I am writing to give you some suggestions.
pressure
to make
Under
you have been under great pressure
2.in addition 除此之外,另外
·addition n.增加(物)
·additional adj.附加的,额外的
·additionally adv.此外,额外地
·add v.增加;(使)相加
[教材原句] In addition,important advances have been made in medicine...
此外,医药也取得了重要进展……
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Additionally,the research didn’t include all types of plastics.
此外,该研究并未涵盖所有类型的塑料。
例　(应用文写作之申请信)In addition,I have taken part in several drama plays and performed well.
此外,我参加过几部戏剧演出,并且表现得很好。
归纳拓展
·in addition to...除……之外(还)
·add...to...把……加入……
add...to/and...把……和……相加
add up...把……加起来
add up to 总计,总共
add that...补充说……
①in addition (=as well/besides)是副词短语,常放在句首,也可放在句中或句尾。
②in addition to (=as well as/besides/apart from)是介词短语,意为“除……之外(还)”,其中to是介词,因此后面可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
In 　 　　　 to the main task,there are 　　 　　 responsibilities to consider.(addition)
In addition to 　　　 　 (stay) up late on New Year’s Eve,having a delicious dinner is also key to the Spring Festival celebration.
(应用文写作之告知信) 　　　　　　　　 (除此之外),the summer camp provides a chance for members to visit some museums,which is a good way to learn about our history.
　　　　　　　　　　　　 (除了慢跑)every morning,he does some stretching exercises.
addition
additional
staying
In addition
In addition to jogging
3.be used to do sth 被用来做某事
·use v.& n.使用
·used adj.用过的,二手的
·useful adj.有用的;有帮助的
[教材原句] New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
3D打印机之类的新发明已经应用于制作移植心脏与部分骨骼。
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out,but she has proved the doubters wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an inspiration for many social media users.
多诺霍女士过去常常因年纪太大而无法锻炼被人嘲笑,但她以最好的方式证明了怀疑者的错误,并且鼓舞了许多社交媒体用户。
used to do sth 过去常常做某事
例　I think I’ve got used to college life,going to classes,working out and hanging out with my friends.
我想我已经习惯了大学生活,上课、锻炼以及和朋友们一起出去玩。
be/get used to (doing) sth =be accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事
归纳拓展
·be used to do sth=be used for doing sth 被用来做某事
be/get used to (doing) sth =be accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事
be used as...被用作……
used to do sth 过去常常做某事
used to be...过去是……
·It’s no use doing sth.做某事没有用/没有意义。
make use of 利用;使用
·used cars 二手车
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I used 　　　 　(play) soccer with my brother every day.
Travellers are used to 　　　　(live) in different climates and conditions.
I got a good deal on the 　　　　 (use) car that’s perfect for my daily commute.
　　　　　　　　　　 (哭泣是没有用的) over spilled milk;we should focus on finding a solution to the problem.
To be a good learner,you must　　　　　　　　 (利用) library books,
newspapers and magazines.
to play
living
used
It is no use crying
make use of
语
境
串
词
When I first started learning English,I found it extremely challenging.However,I knew it’s no use running away from it.I made use of various resources such as English-learning apps and online courses.These resources were used to help me memorise vocabulary and learn grammar.Gradually,I got used to reading English articles.Now,for me,English has become a useful tool that can be used to communicate with people all over the world.
当我刚开始学习英语时,我觉得它极具挑战性。然而,我知道逃避它没有用。我使用了各种各样的资源,比如英语学习应用程序和在线课程。这些资源被用来帮助我记忆词汇和学习语法。渐渐地,我习惯了阅读英语文章。现在,对我而言,英语已经成为一个有用的工具,可以被用来和世界各地的人交流。
4.capable adj.有能力的
·incapable adj.没有能力的
·capability n.能力,才能
[教材原句] It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places...
它能运用全球定位系统技术四处移动……
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
志愿服务能让你感受到自己有能力,并激励你充分利用每一天。
例　You are capable of better work than this.
你有能力做得比这更好。
be capable of doing sth 能够做某事;有能力做某事
归纳拓展
·be capable of doing sth 能够做某事;有能力做某事
·beyond the capabilities of sth/sb 超出了当前技术能力的范围
within the capabilities of sth/sb 在当前技术能力的范围以内
have the capability to do/of doing sth 有做某事的能力
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The team is 　　 　　 (capable) of winning without teamwork.
(应用文写作之申请信) I have the 　　 　　 (capable) to communicate fluently with foreigners in English,so I believe I’m qualified for this job.
The research shows that preschool children are capable 　　　　 thinking in abstract terms.
The repair work is 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (在当前技术能力的范围以内) a skilled mechanic,so there is no need to replace the entire engine.
incapable
capability
of
within the capabilities of
5.lead to导致;推动
·lead v.引领;带路;通往;导致 n.表率;领先
·leading adj.领先的;最重要的;一流的
·leader n.领袖;处于领先地位的人(或物)
[教材原句] Now,reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles.
现在,能源供应紧缩与环境污染推动了新能源汽车技术的进一步发展。
例　(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.
他们的研究表明,大量的仅观测记录并没有带来更好的全球覆盖范围。
例　Good habits always lead to high efficiency,while bad ones bring the opposite.
好习惯总是会带来高效率,而坏习惯则相反。
归纳拓展
·lead a...life 过着……的生活
lead sb to do sth 引导某人做某事
lead the way 带路;处于领先地位
·hold/lose the lead 保持/失去领先地位
take the lead 领先
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The company has established itself as a 　　　　 (lead) innovator in the field of renewable energy technology.
She emerged as the natural 　　　　 (lead) of the team,guiding them through the challenging project with determination.
Our English teacher has a different way of leading us 　　 　　 (study) English actively.
leading
leader
to study
The old couple finally 　　　　　　　　　 　　　(过着简单却幸福的生活).
In the football match last Friday,Brazil 　　　　 　　(领先) after 15 minutes with a goal.
led a simple but happy life
took the lead
6.desire n.渴望,欲望 v.渴望,期望
·desirable adj.值得拥有的;值得做的
[教材原句]...we have an incredible desire to think and create...
……我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望……
例　(2024·北京卷)That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
那个梦提醒我,那些恐惧和渴望可以激励我去冒险和做实验。
例　(2024·北京卷) By my fourth year,my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence.
到了第四年,我对成功的极度渴望盖过了我对独立的向往。
归纳拓展
·have a desire for sth 渴望得到某物
have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事
satisfy one’s desire(s) (to do sth) 满足某人(做某事)的愿望
·desire sth 渴望得到某物
desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth 期望某人做某事
desire that...(should)...渴望……
接宾语从句时,从句用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)的动词还有“一坚持(insist),二命令(order、command),三建议(suggest、advise、recommend),四要求(demand、require、request、ask)”等。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
(应用文写作之建议信)Learning that you have a strong desire 　　　　 (learn) Chinese well,I’d like to offer you some suggestions.
She had little desire　　 power and she just wanted to lead a simple life.
每个人都渴望成功,而成功只属于努力的人。
→Everyone 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 while success only belongs to the hard-working people.(desire n.)
→Everyone 　　　　 　　　　　　 while success only belongs to the hard-working people.(desire v.)
to learn
for
has a desire for success/to succeed
desires success/to succeed
语
境
串
词
Sarah always has a strong desire for knowledge.She desires to explore the mysteries of the universe,so she has a desire to study astronomy.Every day,she spends an hour reading books and watching documentaries.For her,studying astronomy at university is a desirable goal.Through hard work,she believes she can satisfy her desire to become an astronomer.
萨拉一直对知识有着强烈的渴望。她渴望探索宇宙的奥秘,所以渴望学习天文学。每天,她花一个小时读书和看纪录片。对她来说,在大学学习天文学是一个值得拥有的目标。通过努力,她相信她能够满足自己成为一名天文学家的愿望。
7.beyond prep.无法……;晚于;迟于;在……较远的一边;超出;除……之外 adv.在另一边;在(或向)更远处
[教材原句] Within the next 80 years,our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.
在接下来的80年里,我们的生活可能被3D 打印完全改变模样。
例　(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) In artists’ representations of books and reading,
we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
在艺术家对书籍和阅读的表现中,我们看到了超越文化和时间的共享人性的时刻。
例　The situation is beyond our control.
我们已经无法控制这一局面。
beyond one’s control/power超出某人的控制/能力
归纳拓展
beyond recognition 无法辨认
beyond comparison 无与伦比
beyond one’s control/power超出某人的控制/能力
beyond doubt 无疑地;确定地
beyond description/expression无法描述/表达
beyond one’s expectations 超出某人的预期
beyond repair 无法修复;无法弥补
[语境运用] 完成句子
The beauty of the sunset over the ocean was 　　 　　　　　　 (无与伦比).
The town has changed 　　 　　　　　　 (无法辨认).
The gratitude in his heart for his teacher’s help was　　 　　　　　　 (无法表达).
beyond comparison
beyond recognition
beyond expression
8.significant adj.重要的,影响深远的
·significantly adv.显著地;有重大意义地
·significance n.重要性,意义;意思,含义
[教材原句] But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine.
但是或许迄今为止人们所取得的最重要的成就是在医学方面。
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)The River Severn has a significant turn through town,almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.
塞文河在流经城镇处形成一道显著的弯道,几乎将什鲁斯伯里镇中心环绕
成岛。
例　Reading English novels regularly has had a significant impact on my vocabulary growth.
经常阅读英文小说对我词汇量的增长有重要的作用。
归纳拓展
·be significant=be of significance 有重大意义的
it is significant that...……很重要
·attach significance to...重视……;认为……重要/有重大意义
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Because the system is automated,it 　　　　(significant) reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.
Now more and more people begin to attach great 　 　　　 (significant) to teenagers’ mental health.
毫无疑问,保护传统文化对中国的文化多样性具有重大意义。
→There is no doubt that the protection of traditional culture 　　　　　　　　 to Chinese cultural diversity.(significant)
→There is no doubt that the protection of traditional culture 　　　　　　　　 to Chinese cultural diversity.(significance)
significantly
significance
is significant
is of significance
重点句式
with复合结构
▲
[教材原句] It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places,with computing technology controlling its “legs”.
它能运用全球定位系统技术四处移动,计算机技术则控制着它的“双腿”。
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)With the biscuits my wife had made,I arrived at my brother’s door.
我带着妻子亲手做的饼干,来到了哥哥家门前。
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter.
这尴尬的时刻最终以全班哄堂大笑收场。
归纳拓展
·with 复合结构在句中可作定语和状语,表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。
·with 复合结构的构成:
with +宾语+介词短语/形容词/副词
with +宾语+ doing (表示主动、进行)
with +宾语+ done (表示被动、完成)
with +宾语+ to do (表示将要发生)
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
He went out of the library 　　　　　　　　 　　　(手里拿着一本书).
　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 (有导游带我们参观) the scenic spots,
we had a good time.
All the afternoon,he stayed in the room 　　　　　　　　　 　　 (门被关着),not wanting to see anyone.
Because his bike was broken,he had to take the bus to school yesterday.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　,he had to take the bus to school yesterday.
with a book in his hand
With the guide leading us visiting
with the door closed
With his bike broken
强调句型
▲
[教材原句] So what is it that inspires us to invent things
那是什么激励着人们进行发明创造呢
例　(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) It’s you who make me fall in love with writing,
my social studies teacher.
是您让我爱上了写作,我的社会学老师。
例　It was not until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion for writing.
直到我追寻这种感觉的源头,我才发现我对写作是有强烈爱好的。
[归纳拓展]
①强调句型不能用来强调原句的谓语动词;
②强调句型中的it 本身没有词义,且不能用其他词代替;
③被强调部分指人时用that或who 均可,其他情况一律用that;
④被强调部分无论是单数还是复数,it后的be动词均用单数形式,即is或was;
⑤被强调部分如果是原句的主语,that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与原句的主语保持一致;
⑥判断句子是否是强调句型的方法:去掉it is/was 与that/who,剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确,则为强调句型,否则不是。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子/句式升级
是什么让他的父母如此高兴
　　　 　　　　　 made his parents so happy
是美丽的风景吸引了这么多游客来到这个小镇吗
　　　 　　　　　　　　　 attracts so many tourists to this small town
What was it that
Is it the beautiful scenery that
I didn’t realise this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until I came here.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.(强调句)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.(倒装句)
It was not until I came here that I realised
Not until I came here did I realise
长难句分析
[教材原句] But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create,and that’s the real spirit of invention.
尝试分析:本句是一个复合句。 为what引导的主语从句, 为that引导的表语从句。
自主翻译:不过有一点依旧重要,就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望,而这正是真正的发明精神。
[语境运用] 情境写作
我们确信的是,现代科技给我们的生活带来了便利和舒适,但有时也会对我们产生不良影响。
is
, but that sometimes also has a bad influence on us.
What we are sure
that modern technology has brought convenience
and comfort to our lives
语法微专题3
现在完成时的被动语态
语法原句再现
I’ll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst,whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published.
I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.
In addition,important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.
New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
I’ve also been told that you’re an inventor yourself.
通过观察以上句子可知,句中加粗部分的主语为动作的承受者,该结构强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
语法知识点拨
一、现在完成时的被动语态的含义
主动语态表示主语为动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,且主语为动作的承受者,表示“……已经被……”。
二、现在完成时的被动语态的结构
现在完成时的被动语态的基本结构是“主语+have/has been+过去分词”。在不同的句式中,其具体形式也有所不同。
句式 结构
肯定句 主语+have/has been done+(其他).
否定句 主语+have/has not been done+(其他).
一般 疑问句 Have/Has+(not)+主语+been done+(其他)
特殊 疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has+(not)+主语+been done+(其他)
三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1.表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前,强调对现在造成的影响或结果。常与just、already、lately、so far、up to/till now、before、in the last/
past few days等时间状语连用。
“China speed” has been given new meanings in the past decade.
在过去的十年间,“中国速度”已经被赋予了新的含义。
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去。常与for 或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于“How long... ”句型中。
The road has been repaired for more than a month.
这条路修了一个多月了。
No books have been bought since last week.
自上周以来,没有人来买过书。
3.注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况的联系。
The bridge was built last year.
这座桥是去年建成的。
The bridge has been built.
这座桥已经建好了。
①后跟双宾语的动词,如give、send、bring、take、teach、show、sing、write、read、sell、buy、tell、pay、lend、pass、promise等,变为被动语态时,可将指人的间接宾语变为主语,保留直接宾语。把指物的直接宾语变为被动句的主语时,间接宾语前通常须加to或for。
We gave him the letter.
→He was given the letter by us.
→The letter was given to him by us.
我们把那封信给他了。
温馨提示
②带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,要将原来的宾语变为被动句的主语,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。在主动语态中省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的,在被动语态中要还原to。
I have made her work hard.
→She has been made to work hard by me.
我让她努力工作。
温馨提示
③动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在被动语态中要保持其完整性,不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。
They have taken good care of the animals here.
→The animals have been taken good care of by them here.
他们把这里的动物照顾得很好。
温馨提示
④由come、go、buy、start、finish、borrow、join、die等表示短暂意义的非延续性动词构成的现在完成时的被动语态,在句中一般不能与表示一段时间的状语(如for three hours)连用。
The meeting has been finished for three hours and a half.(×)
The meeting has been over for three hours and a half.(√)
会议已经结束三个半小时了。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
You shouldn’t leave school before your homework　　 　　 (finish).
How long 　　　　the machine 　　 　　(use) We need the essential information of it.
(读后续写之动作描写)The cake 　　 　　 (bake) by her grandmother,filling the kitchen with a sweet aroma (香味).
(应用文写作之通知)The artworks of the participants
(select) for the school exhibition,which will be held next Friday.
has been finished
has
been used
has been baked
have been selected
真题赏析
1.(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)While safety improvements might 　　　　(make) to our streets in recent years,transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility,especially among young children.
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词。根据时间状语in recent years可知,时态应用现在完成时;主语improvements 与make之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为复数名词,助动词应用have。故填have been made。
have been made
2.(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.These effects aren’t just short-term but 　　 　　 (prove) to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come.
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词。根据句意可知,此处强调青少年志愿活动带来的积极影响不仅仅是短期的而且仍将持续下去,时态应用现在完成时;主语effects 与prove之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为复数名词,助动词应用have。故填have been proved。
have been proved
3.(2024·北京卷) Once a pair 　 　　　 (determine) to be suitable,the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme.
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知,此处描述的是一个在将来的动作之前已经完成的动作,应用现在完成时; determine与主语a pair之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为单数名词,助动词应用has。故填has been determined。
has been determined
4.(2023·全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple lyric form that
　　　　 (pass) down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
has been
passed
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知,此处表示“已经过代代相传”,应用现在完成时;pass down与主语a lyric form之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为单数名词,助动词应用has。故填has been passed。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.The computer 　　 　　 (use) every day since we bought it.
2.My computer broke down and my paper 　　 　　 (leave) unfinished since then.
3.Great changes 　　　 　 (take) place and a lot of factories 　　　　 (set) up there in the past ten years.
4.The school’s recycling programme 　 　　　 (implement) to protect the environment since last year.
5.How many suggestions 　　 　　 (give) to you so far
has been used
has been left
have taken
have been set
has been implemented
have been given
Ⅱ.语篇填空
Have you ever heard of Uluru Actually,it 1.　　　　 (call) Ayers Rock by some people,too.Located in Australia,Uluru is a large sandstone rock formation.Uluru used to be open to the public.However,it 2.
(close) since 26 October 2019.In 1994,Uluru 3.　 　　　(list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Besides,Uluru 4.　　 　　(consider) a major attraction for decades and tourists from all over the world 5.
　　 　　(attract) by it.
is called
has been closed
was listed
has been considered
have
been attracted
It’s said that the ban (禁令) 6.　 　　　(announce) in 2017 for the first time and most visitors observed it.Australia’s Tourist Association said that the rock 7.　　 　　(climb) by 16 percent of visitors since 2017.A local man named Rameth Thomas explained to the media how important the rock is to the people.“I 8.　　 　　(tell) that the place is very sacred (神圣的) since I was a little boy.Our stories are all on the rock,” said Thomas.
was announced
has been climbed
have been told(共22张PPT)
Unit 3　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.She published her first short story at the age of fifteen,and has completed a large number of works,which　　　 　 (translate) into forty languages.
2.A lot of survivors　　 　　 (rescue) already by the rescuers in that territory where the earthquake broke out yesterday.
3.Those robots　　　 　 (programme) yet to teach maths lessons and answer questions in different languages.
4.The window　　 　　 (clean) by the worker by now.
have been translated
have been rescued
have been programmed
has been cleaned
5.The important problems　 　 　　 (discuss) for nearly two weeks.
6.The classic novel 　 　　　 (adapt) into a movie so that we can enjoy it in the cinema.
7.The dishes 　　 　　 (wash), and you don’t need to worry about them.
8.My car 　 　　　(repair), so I can drive to work tomorrow.
have been discussed
has been adapted
have been washed
has been repaired
9.More than 2,000 yuan 　 　　　 (collect) by James in the past five months.
10.So far, every possible means 　　 　　 (try) by us to solve the problem.
has been collected
has been tried
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.The cake that 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　(我妈妈刚做的) is very delicious.
2.The problem 　　　　　　　　 　(已经被讨论了) for nearly two hours.
3.We are glad to hear that you 　　　　　　　　　　　　(已经被晋升为) as the sales manager.
4.Many ancient buildings 　　　　　　　　　　　(已经被修复) by experts in the last few years.
5.All books from the library 　　　　　　　　　(已经被归还) on time.
has just been made by my mother
has been discussed
have been promoted
have been repaired
have been returned
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Camels with more fur find it easier to keep cool.This discovery has enabled scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to develop a new cooling material that could keep things like food and medicines cool,without the need for a power supply.
Camels cool down by sweating.When their internal body temperature rises,sweat glands (汗腺) in their skin start to produce sweat.The process of sweat evaporation (蒸发) transports the heat away from the body and keeps the camel cool.
Previous studies of this process have enabled scientists to develop a cooling material that functions like sweat glands.It uses a hydrogel (水凝胶) to hold large amounts of water.A single layer of this hydrogel is able to keep something cool by releasing its water over the course of around 40 hours, after which it has to be replenished with more “sweat”.
The scientists at MIT have come up with a way to increase the time that the hydrogel can keep something cool by copying another trick that camels use.The scientists found that a camel with less fur has to sweat more to stay cool.Similarly,a hydrogel without an insulating layer (隔热层) on top loses water faster than one covered with something that acts as “fur”.
The MIT scientists decided to design an “artificial fur” layer by using an aerogel (气凝胶) that sits on top of the hydrogel and allows water vapour to pass through it.This hydrogel/aerogel bilayer is less than 1.5 cm thick and is able to maintain a temperature 7℃ lower than its surroundings for 200 hours before it needs to be “recharged” with water.That’s five times longer than the hydrogel layer on its own.
Unlike cooling systems in refrigerators,the hydrogel/aerogel bilayer doesn’t use electricity,making it better for the millions of people around the world without access to a power supply.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了皮毛多的骆驼更容易保持凉爽,这一发现使科学家们得以开发出一种新的冷却材料,在不需要电源的情况下使物体保持低温状态。
(　　)1.What is the second paragraph mainly about
[A]Why camels have to sweat.
[B]How camels cool themselves down.
[C]Why camels find it easy to keep cool.
[D]How camels survive a dry environment.
B
【解析】 段落大意题。第二段描述了骆驼在皮肤汗腺的作用下将热量从体内带出体外的过程,即骆驼是如何通过出汗来降低体温的。故选B。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “replenished” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
[A]Refilled. [B]Repaired.
[C]Replaced. [D]Recovered.
A
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据倒数第二段中的“This hydrogel/aerogel bilayer is...before it needs to be ‘recharged’ with water.”可知,水凝胶里原有的水耗完后,需要再次注水才能继续发挥作用,因此refilled(重新装满)与画线词意思相近。故选A。
(　　)3.Why did the MIT scientists design the hydrogel/aerogel bilayer
[A]To protect the hydrogel layer.
[B]To make the hydrogel stronger.
[C]To make the hydrogel function longer.
[D]To enable the hydrogel to hold more water.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。第四段第一句提到科学家找到了一种增加水凝胶冷却时间的办法;紧接着第五段指出,科学家们受骆驼皮毛的启发,设计出一种水凝胶/气凝胶双分子层。由此可知,科学家们设计这种材料是为了让原本的单层水凝胶的功能更持久。故选C。
(　　)4.What can we infer about the new cooling material
[A]It is water-proof.
[B]It is a single-use material.
[C]It is environment-friendly.
[D]It is sensitive to temperature changes.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句和最后一段中的“...the hydrogel/
aerogel bilayer doesn’t use electricity”可知,这种双层设计的冷却材料并非一次性材料,且无须通电即可使用,因此可推测这种材料节能环保。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Citizen science is science for everyone.Specifically,citizen science is when the public 1.　 　　　 (voluntary) helps conduct research.Most citizen scientists collect data with tools provided 2.　 　 project directors.
These data help professional scientists answer 3.　　　　(science) questions and solve important problems.Anyone can be a citizen scientist.All it takes is some time,4.　　 　　(curious),and a sense of wonder.
voluntarily
by
scientific
curiosity
Why is the term “citizen science” used Most people and organisations in this field intend “citizen” 5.　 　　　(mean) a general citizen of the world,not a legally-defined citizen of a country.When someone mentions “citizen science”,there tends to be 6.　　　　 immediate understanding of what they’re talking about.
Community science is one particular type of citizen science—one in
7.　 　 a community drives the project.In community science,a community may pose the research question,decide what type of data to collect,or use the results to inform some action.There 8.　　　　(be) typically a professional scientist or organisation that works together with the community.
to mean
an
which
is
Another reason is that science is for everyone,no matter whether you
9.　　　 　(participate) in science or not in the past.The citizen science is devoted to making science inclusive to all and 10.　　 　　(ensure) that every person has the right and the opportunity to participate in science.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。公众科学是面向大众的科学,是指公众自愿帮助进行研究的科学种类。文章对这一科学种类进行了详细介绍。
participated
ensuring
1.【答案】 voluntarily
【解析】 考查副词。修饰动词helps应用副词形式作状语,意为“自愿地”。故填voluntarily。
2.【答案】 by
【解析】 考查介词。根据“project directors”可知,此处是指由项目负责人提供的工具,应用介词by引出动作的发出者。故填by。
3.【答案】 scientific
【解析】 考查形容词。修饰名词questions应用science的形容词形式作定语,意为“科学的”。故填scientific。
4.【答案】 curiosity
【解析】 考查名词。根据“some time”和“a sense of wonder”可知,此处应用名词形式。故填curiosity。
5.【答案】 to mean
【解析】 考查动词不定式。空处应用动词不定式作intend的宾语补足语。故填to mean。
6.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。名词understanding意为“理解”,在此处作可数名词,且第一次出现,应用不定冠词表泛指;immediate以元音音素开头。故填an。
7.【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。根据“a community drives the project”可知,此处是指在社区科学的范畴里,定语从句中缺少介词in的宾语,且先行词one指代上文的Community science,指物。故填which。
8.【答案】 is
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时。there be句型适用“就近原则”,谓语动词应用单数。故填is。
9.【答案】 participated
【解析】 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,空处为从句谓语动词,结合时间状语in the past可知,空处应用一般过去时。故填participated。
10.【答案】 ensuring
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。be devoted to doing sth意为“致力于做某事”,空处应用动名词作宾语。故填ensuring。(共35张PPT)
Unit 3　课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.shoot
(分值:52.5分)
单元知识综合练
A.v.射击　B.v.拍摄　C.v.射门;投篮
①In the last few seconds of the game, he shot a three-pointer and won the match for his team.　　　
②The movie was shot in Beijing and it appealed to numerous people.
　　　
③In the shooting competition, he shot with great precision and won the gold medal.　　　
C
B
A
2.conduct
A.v.指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏)　B.v.带领;引导 C.v.传导(热、电)
①The tour guide conducted us around The West Lake.　　　
②Copper is a metal that can conduct electricity very well.　　　
③He was delighted to be invited to conduct the concert in Shanghai.　　　
B
C
A
3.写出下列句中黑体词的含义。
①They are pressing us to make a quick decision.　　　　　　　
②A compass is used to draw perfect circles.　　　　　　　
③The countryside flashed past the train windows.　　　 　　　　
④A stream of shoppers flowed into the mall on the weekend.
　　　　　　　
v. 催促
n. 圆规
v. 飞速运动;掠过
n. (人)流
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Technology has significantly changed our lives over the past few decades. It has transformed the way we communicate, work, access information, etc. In this article, we’ll explore some aspects of our lives that technology has changed.
1.　　　 Innovations in technology have led to the birth of many new methods of electronic communication, such as social networking websites and video conferences (视频会议). Online social media allow people to keep in touch even if they are thousands of miles distant from each other.
A
With the rise of remote work, people can now work from anywhere in the world. Collaboration (合作) tools like video conferencing and team messaging apps have made it easier for teams to work together, regardless of their locations.2.　　
Advances in technology have also made online shopping more popular. 3.　　　 Instead of wasting their time in the shopping mall, they rely on technology for a more convenient and time-saving shopping experience.
E
B
Besides, technology has reformed education. In the past, people would have to physically go to class, attend a meeting or go to the library to do research. 4.　　　 We can access vast amounts of information on any topic. It becomes easier than ever to stay informed and educated.
Furthermore, technology has made a positive impact on the daily lives of people. 5.　　　 Think about the introduction of self-driving cars: they were unheard of a few years ago, but now they’re a reality. This innovation has greatly increased the efficiency of transport.
D
F
A.Technology has improved communication.
B.Nowadays, many people prefer shopping online.
C.Technology has changed the way we entertain ourselves.
D.Now online courses have made education easily available.
E.This has led to increased productivity in various occupations.
F.Positive examples include improvements in the transport system.
G.We can expect further exciting advancements as technology evolves.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科技改变生活的几个方面。
1.【答案】 A
【解析】 此处位于段首,为本段中心句。根据下文可知,本段主要讲述了科技对通讯方式的改变,A项符合本段主题。故选A。
2.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据上文可知,本段主要讲述了随着远程工作的兴起,合作工具使得团队工作更便捷,强调了科技对工作的影响。E项中的increased productivity说明了科技给工作带来的积极变化,符合语境。故选E。
3.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据设空处上下文可知,本段主要讲述了科技对购物的改变。B项既是对上文的进一步说明,又能引出下文对人们网上购物行为的描述,符合语境。故选B。
4.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“Besides, technology has reformed education.”可知,本段主要讲述的是科技对教育方面的影响。D项符合本段主题,体现了科技对教育的改变。故选D。
5.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据上文“Furthermore, technology has made a positive impact on the daily lives of people.”可知,本段主要讲述了科技对人们的日常生活产生了积极的影响。F项中的Positive examples对应上文中的positive impact,引出下文的具体举例,符合语境。故选F。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
It seems inspiration strikes when you least expect it. At least, that’s what 　1　 to Abhiudai Mishra, a student at University of British Columbia. 　2　 by a broken bottle, Mishra founded a start-up company to 　3　 glassware
(玻璃制品).
While cleaning up after an evening party, Mishra was picking up glass bottles when he 　4　 a bottle. The glass bottle was broken on the floor. As he 　5　 the glass, he wondered, “Where does the glass go after the bottle is broken ” After researching, Mishra learnt that most of glass bottles end up in 　6　 after the glass breaks.
Mishra, along with another student, started 　7　 how glass could be saved from landfills and recycled. They spent hours looking for ways to cut glass using 　8　 like a lighter (打火机) and ice.
Once they learnt how to 　9　 and orderly cut and create all sorts of new items from 　10　 glass, they built a start-up. They 　11　 used glass bottles, and turned them into a variety of items, such as candles and glasses. When they 　12　 these items to local businesses, they got positive feedback.
So far, they have already succeeded in 　13　 many bottles. 　14　 saving glass from landfills and producing beautiful items, they have inspired others to make a 　15　 in making a better world.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abhiudai Mishra如何创办环保公司并回收玻璃瓶制成新产品的故事。
(　　)1.
C
【解析】 根据上文“It seems inspiration strikes when you least expect it. At least, that’s what”和下文“by a broken bottle, Mishra founded a start-up company to 　3　 glassware (玻璃制品)”可知,灵感似乎在你最意想不到的时候出现,这种情况发生在了Abhiudai Mishra的身上。happen to sb意为“发生在某人身上”,符合语境。故选C。
[A]belonged [B]mattered
[C]happened [D]occurred
(　　)2.
A
【解析】 根据下文“Mishra founded a start-up company”可知,Mishra创立了一家公司,这是因为他受到了启发(Inspired)。故选A。
[A]Inspired [B]Attracted
[C]Impressed [D]Disappointed
(　　)3.
D
【解析】 根据下文“glass could be saved from landfills and recycled”可知, Mishra的公司是为了回收利用(recycle)玻璃制品。故选D。
[A]transport [B]produce
[C]measure [D]recycle
(　　)4.
B
【解析】 根据下文“The glass bottle was broken on the floor.”可知,瓶子掉在地上摔碎了,所以此处表示一个瓶子掉下(dropped)。故选B。
[A]received [B]dropped
[C]missed [D]recognised
(　　)5.
A
[A]swept up [B]tried out
[C]concentrated on [D]searched for
【解析】 根据上文“The glass bottle was broken on the floor.”和下文“the glass”可知,此处表示Mishra清扫(swept up)玻璃碎片。故选A。
(　　)6.
B
【解析】 根据下文“how glass could be saved from landfills”可知,此处表示大部分玻璃瓶被打碎后最终会进入垃圾填埋场(landfills)。故选B。
[A]factories [B]landfills
[C]rivers [D]farms
(　　)7.
C
【解析】 根据下文“how glass could be saved from landfills and recycled”可知,下文是Mishra和另一位同学开始思考(thinking)的内容。故选C。
[A]asking [B]explaining
[C]thinking [D]arguing
(　　)8.
D
【解析】 根据下文“like a lighter (打火机) and ice”可知,此处表示使用打火机、冰块等工具(tools)。故选D。
[A]metal [B]machines
[C]furniture [D]tools
(　　)9.
A
【解析】 根据下文“and orderly cut and create all sorts of new items”可知,此处表示有序且整齐地(neatly)切割。故选A。
[A]neatly [B]carefully
[C]quickly [D]successfully
(　　)10.
B
【解析】 根据下文“used glass bottles”可知,此处表示从旧的(old)玻璃中创造新物品,是下文“used”的同义词复现。故选B。
[A]thick [B]old
[C]colourful [D]outdated
(　　)11.
A
【解析】 根据下文“used glass bottles”可知,此处表示收集(gathered)用过的玻璃瓶。故选A。
[A]gathered [B]designed
[C]discovered [D]replaced
(　　)12.
C
【解析】 根据下文“these items to local businesses”和“got positive feedback”可知,此处表示把这些物品卖(sold)给当地企业并得到了积极的反馈。故选C。
[A]lent [B]donated
[C]sold [D]recommended
(　　)13.
D
【解析】 根据下文“saving glass from landfills”可知,此处表示他们已经成功地拯救(rescuing)了很多瓶子。故选D。
[A]creating [B]exporting
[C]burying [D]rescuing
(　　)14.
C
【解析】 根据下文“saving glass from landfills and producing beautiful items, they have inspired others to make a 　15　 in making a better world”可知,此处表示除了从垃圾填埋场拯救玻璃和生产精美物品外,他们还激励了其他人。In addition to意为“除了……之外”,符合语境。故选C。
[A]In spite of [B]In return for
[C]In addition to [D]Instead of
(　　)15.
D
【解析】 根据上文“they have inspired others”和下文“in making a better world”可知,此处表示他们也在激励其他人在创造更美好的世界方面起作用。make a difference意为“有影响,起作用”,符合语境。故选D。
[A]choice [B]decision
[C]promise [D]difference
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,化学课上学习了关于溶解的知识。请你根据提示做一个化学实验, 比较橘子汁和食用油在水中的溶解情况, 然后用英语写一份实验报告。
实验目的:观察橘子汁和食用油这两种物质是否溶解于水。
实验器材:试管、小勺。
实验步骤:将水分别注入两个试管中,并确保水位相等;把两种物质分别放在装有水的两个试管中;5分钟后观察反应。
实验结论:橘子汁溶解了, 食用油没有任何反应。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词语:试管 test tube、小勺 spoon、溶解 dissolve。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
The aim of the experiment is to find out whether orange juice and oil dissolve in water.To carry out the experiment,we need the following things: test tubes and spoons.When all these things are ready,we can carry out the experiment.
First, pour water into two test tubes.Make sure the water level is equal in both tubes. Next,put a spoonful of orange juice into one tube,and a spoonful of oil into the other.After that,leave the tubes for five minutes.
According to the notes of the experiment,it is found that the orange juice has dissolved.However,the oil remains on the surface.We can draw a conclusion that orange juice dissolves in water quickly while oil is hard to dissolve in water.(共16张PPT)
Unit 3　课时作业(三)
(分值:44分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共9题;每题1分,共9分)
1.A 　 　　　(科学的) approach is essential for solving complex problems.
2.We have　　　　 (证据) that this man didn’t steal your car.
3.This book has given us a vivid　　　　 (描述) of the life in the desert.
4.You should follow the normal　　 　　 (程序) or you will go wrong.
5.These　　　 　 (实验) showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature.
scientific
proof
account
procedure
experiments
6.Made of 　　　　(金属), the statue weighs up to 225 tons and measures 46 metres high.
7.The scientist made a 　 　　　(重要的) breakthrough in robots.
8.The medicine is an effective 　　　　(药剂) for your headache.
9.As is known to all, water 　 　　　 (传导) heat faster than air.
metal
significant
cure
conducts
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.The sports meeting,which was 　　 　　 (original) due last Friday,was finally delayed because of the bad weather.
2.We were 　　　　 (entire) confused by what he said in the meeting.
3.You can find the detailed pictures in the 　　 　　 (attach) of the email.
4.After three weeks’ discussion,they will sign the 　　　 　 (declare) tomorrow.
5.Almost all 　　　　 (fiction) detectives are unreal.
originally
entirely
attachment
declaration
fictional
6.Scientists are trying to pull together disparate ideas in 　　　　 (astronomer).
7.The care has been taken to ensure the 　 　　　 (accurate) of all information given in this leaflet.
8.Usually,people can feel refreshed both physically and 　　　　 (mental) after a period of relaxation.
9.The new drug has great　 　　　(significant) for the treatment of the disease.
10.As a little boy,he showed great interest in 　 　　　(chemist).
astronomy
accuracy
mentally
significance
chemistry
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.I don’t know who 　　　　　　　　　　(想出) this idea, but it is really wonderful.
2.The old man 　　　　　　　　　　(非常依恋) his pet dog, which has been with him for over ten years.
3.　　　　　　(除了) my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in.
came up with
is very attached to
Apart from
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(尽管这个测试很难), most students managed to pass it.
5.His dream is 　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(有一天他能环游世界).
Although the test was difficult
that one day he can travel around the world
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
The convenience of modern life brought by technology is nothing short of amazing. I can use my phone to, within moments, get a car to pick me up or have food delivered to my house. The fact that, as a culture, we seek out and celebrate such shortcuts is understandable. They take much of the boredom out of life and save our time and energy.
However, it is important to understand why convenience is so attractive in the first place. Here, the concept of evolutionary (进化) mismatch, rooted in a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, comes into play. For hunter-gatherers, food and energy were in short supply. Survival depended on not wasting energy irresponsibly. Over time, this evolutionary need to save energy has influenced our desire to adapt technology and our environment to make life easier.
Yet, most people can sense that convenience has a darker side. Continually choosing the convenient path lessens the ability to deal with unavoidable difficulties. And, from an evolutionary perspective, some measure of discomfort is just as important to our survival as rest and relaxation. Modern convenience has made it easier to get by, but in many ways, harder to achieve true success.
Ideally, today’s conveniences serve as the support systems that help us achieve our goals — whether it’s exercising for better health, building a career, or raising a family. Achieving these goals always involves some degree of inconvenience, but it is this very difficulty that shapes and develops our character.
In today’s technological world, we must sometimes make a conscious effort to resist our inborn needs. As a culture, we must remember—and remind our young people—that while convenience feels good in the moment, our ability to adapt and overcome challenges is also part of our evolutionary heritage (遗产) and central to the adventure of life.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了现代科技带来的便利和挑战以及如何应对这些挑战。
(　　)1.What does the author want to say in Paragraph 1
[A]We spend a lot of time on phones.
[B]Modern convenience has hidden risks.
[C]Technology makes our life easier.
[D]Functions of phones need improving.
C
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知,作者通过举例说明科技给现代生活带来的便利,如用手机叫车、订餐等。这些便利节省了我们的时间和精力,让我们的生活更轻松。故选C。
(　　)2.What makes convenience attractive to us
[A]Our inborn need to save energy.
[B]The development of technology.
[C]Our dependence on food and energy.
[D]The mismatch between life and technology.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Here, the concept of evolutionary
(进化) mismatch...make life easier.”可知,是生活与技术之间的不匹配让便利对我们有吸引力。故选D。
(　　)3.How does modern convenience affect our ability to succeed
[A]It makes our life easier by removing difficulties.
[B]It prevents us from facing necessary discomfort.
[C]It provides us with tools to overcome challenges.
[D]It helps us by reducing the need for relaxation.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,持续选择便利的道路,减弱了我们应对不可避免的困难的能力。从进化的角度看,一定程度的不适对我们的生存很重要,而现代便利使我们难以面对必要的不适,从而使我们更难实现真正的成功。故选B。
(　　)4.What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
[A]Rising to challenges.
[B]Following our inborn needs.
[C]Adapting to the modern life.
[D]Seeking for conveniences.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,作者认为在如今的技术世界中,我们有时要努力抵制天生的需求,要记住并提醒年轻人,虽然便利在当下让人感到很好,但我们适应和克服挑战的能力也是进化遗产的一部分,是生活冒险的核心,即作者建议我们要勇敢面对挑战。故选A。(共97张PPT)
Developing ideas—Reflection
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　　 v.起草,草拟
2. n.金属
3. n.记述,描述
4. n.程序,步骤,手续
写作词汇
draft
metal
account
procedure
1.lightning n.
2.flash n.
3.gravity n.
阅读词汇
闪电
闪光
重力,引力
拓展词汇
1. n.声明,宣告→declare v.宣布;声明;表明;宣称
2. n.(科学)实验→experimental adj.科学实验的;试验性的
3. n.虚构的事,想象的事→fictional adj.虚构的
4. v.系,绑;贴→attached adj.依恋;附属于→attachment n.附件;依恋;爱慕;信念;忠诚
5. v.传导 (热、电)→conduction n.(热或电等能量的)传导→
conductor n.导体;指挥;售票员
declaration
experiment
fiction
attach
conduct
6. adj.科学(上)的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家
7. adv.完全地,彻底地→entire adj.全部的;完全的
8. n.证明,证据→prove v.证明
scientific
entirely
proof
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.apart from　　　　　　
2.instead of
3.tie...to...
4.be attached to　　
5.along with...
6.take place
除了
并非
把……系到……
附属于;依恋;喜爱
与……一起
发生
7.die from
8.come up with
9.hit sb on the head
死于
提出,想出
砸在某人的脑袋上
重点句型
1.The well-known story is
.(that引导表语从句)
这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国开国元勋和科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。
2.People wanted to know
.(if引导宾语从句)
人们想知道闪电是否真的由电产生,还是另有源头。
that the American Founding Father and scientist
flew a kite during a storm in 1752
if lightning was really produced by electricity or
something else
3. ,more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.(although引导让步状语从句)
虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事,不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。
Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place
4.In fact,more than one account suggests that
,there is no proof
.(while引导让步状语从句;that引导同位语从句)
事实上,不止一处资料显示,虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
while Newton was certainly
inspired by a falling apple
that it hit him on the
head
5.But in science,facts should be proved by experiments and research,and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—
.(even if引导让步状语从句)
但在科学领域,能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实,我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的一切——即使它是一个精彩的故事。
even if it is a
great story
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——科学精神。
2.语篇类型:论说文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文介绍了人们对富兰克林著名的风筝实验真实性的怀疑和求证。阅读本文,有利于引导学生初步了解科学精神的内涵,培养学生的批判性思维和严谨、认真的学习态度,并使他们懂得在追求科学的道路上,应该秉承实事求是、一丝不苟的精神。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
fiction
was
attached to
electricity
has been
taught
entirely
true
scientific
exploration
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What is the text mainly about
[A]The story of Franklin’s experiment is true or not.
[B]The aim of Franklin’s experiment.
[C]The procedure of Franklin’s experiment.
[D]The effect of Franklin’s experiment.
A
(　　)2.From the first three paragraphs,what do we know about the experiment
[A]Only Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and lightning.
[B]Franklin taught many children about his findings in different schools.
[C]People had already known the cause of lightning before Franklin’s experiment.
[D]As a scientist,Franklin was admired for his attitude to science.
D
(　　)3.What’s the author’s attitude towards the story of Franklin’s experiment
[A]Curious. [B]Doubtful.
[C]Optimistic. [D]Not mentioned.
B
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.declaration n.声明,宣告
·declare v.宣布;声明;表明;宣称
[教材原句] Benjamin Franklin (1706—1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution.
本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790)是美国的开国元勋之一,他协助起草了《独立宣言》和《美利坚合众国宪法》。
例　At the recent convention,they adopted a declaration.
在最近的大会上,他们通过了一项声明。
例　They will ask you to sign a declaration allowing your doctor to disclose your medical details.
他们将要求你签署一份允许医生透露你的医疗细节的声明。
归纳拓展
declare oneself+adj./n.表明/声称某人自己……
declare...to be...宣布……为……
declare war on...向……宣战
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对
It is declared that...据宣布……
declare表示“宣称;宣布”时,其后的宾语可以是名词、代词,也可以是that从句,但习惯上不能是不定式。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
All four countries have adopted the 　 　　　(declare) against hunting rare animals.
As a qualified student,you must declare war 　　　　 bad habits.
At the meeting,she 　　　　　　　　　　 (表示赞成) the new proposal.
　　　　　　　　　　 (据宣布) the library project has been successfully completed and is now ready for the public use.
declaration
on
declared for
It is declared that
2.attach v.系,绑;贴;附上;重视
·attached adj.依恋;附属于
·attachment n.附件;依恋;爱慕;信念;忠诚
[教材原句] A metal key was attached to the string.
细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。
例　He attached a stamp to the envelope.
他在信封上贴了一张邮票。
例　Parents should attach great importance to developing children’s good habits in life.
父母应该高度重视培养孩子的良好生活习惯。
例　(应用文写作之倡议书) More and more people attach significance to protecting the environment.
越来越多的人认为保护环境有意义。
attach importance/significance/value to...认为……重要/有意义/有价值
attach importance/significance/value to...认为……重要/有意义/有价值
归纳拓展
attach...to...把……连接到/附在……上
attach oneself to...依附……;缠着……
attach importance/significance/value to...认为……重要/有意义/有价值
be attached to 被连接到;爱慕;附属于
“attach...to...”中的to为介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The scientist’s 　 　　　 (attach) to his homeland drove him to return from abroad.
Have a recent photograph　 　　　 (attach) to the application letter and send it to me.
我认为这项研究很重要。
I 　　 　　　　　　　　　　 this research.
attachment
attached
attach great importance to
语
境
串
词
The young boy is studying in a senior high that is attached to a university.
He attaches great importance to learning biology and wants to be a scientist as Tu Youyou.Every day he attaches some small pieces of paper containing many key points from the textbook to his desk.
这个男孩在一所大学的附属高中读书,他很重视生物的学习,想成为一名像屠呦呦一样的科学家。他每天都把一些小纸片贴在书桌上,上面写着课本中的许多要点。
3.die from 死于
[教材原句] ...he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
……他必定会被电死。
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)In my ninth-grade writing class last year,I met a cowboy who saved his town,a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s,and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.
去年九年级的写作课上,我遇见过这样一些角色:一位拯救小镇的牛仔,一位要求儿子门门功课都得A的严父,还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——因父母反对她年少挚爱而心碎致死。
die of...因……而死,死于……
例　(读后续写之环境描写)The sunlight died away as the clouds gathered,
casting a shadow over the valley.
随着乌云聚集,阳光逐渐消失,给山谷蒙上了一层阴影。
die away (声音、风或光线等)逐渐消失
归纳拓展
·die away (声音、风或光线等)逐渐消失
die of...因……而死,死于……
die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐平息
die out 灭绝,消失
die off 相继死去
·be dying for...很想要……,渴望……
be dying to do sth 渴望做某事
[语境运用] 完成句子
I feel very thirsty.I 　　　　　　　　　　(很想要) a glass of water.
The sound of their laughter 　　　　　　(渐渐消失了).
When the applause 　　　 　　　　　　　(逐渐平息),she began her speech.
This species has nearly 　　　　　　　(灭绝) because its habitat is being destroyed.
am dying for
died away
had died down/died down
died out
4.come up with提出,想出
[教材原句] Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity.
一些科学家甚至也怀疑过牛顿的故事:一个苹果掉下来砸中了牛顿的脑袋,促使他提出了万有引力定律。
例　(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Families gather for big meals on Sundays,
birthdays,and whatever other excuses they can come up with.
一家人会在周日、生日以及其他任何他们能找到的借口时聚在一起享用大餐。
例　(读后续写之情感描写)I was amazed that he’d come up with this sweet idea.
我很惊讶他竟然想出了这个好主意。
归纳拓展
come up 即将发生;产生,出现;走近;被提出,被提及(通常用物作主语,无被动形式);升起
come back 回来;再度流行
come about 发生,产生;(风等)改变方向
come across (偶然)遇见;发现;被理解
come out 出版;开花;(太阳、月亮或星星)出现
come along 一起来;出现;进展
when it comes to...当涉及/谈到……时
come up的主语是物,表示“(计划、建议、议题等)被提出”,为不及物动词短语,不能用于被动语态;come up with的主语是人或团体组织,表示“(某人)提出”,为及物动词短语。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子
Can you tell me how the accident　　　　　　　　(发生)
I 　　　　　　　　(偶然发现)this old photograph when looking for a book yesterday.
(读后续写之环境描写)As the storm passed,the stars 　　　 　　 (出现) one by one,lighting up the night sky.
Our class　　　　　　　　(想出) the idea to make better use of used materials.
　　　　　　　　　　(当谈到……时) environmental issues,we should raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.
came about
came across
came out
came up with
When it comes to
5.account n.记述,描述;报告;账户;解释,说明 v.说明;解释
·accountable adj.负有责任的;有说明义务的
[教材原句] In fact,more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple,there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上,不止一处资料显示,虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)As the world races to decarbonize everything,it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
在全球竞相实现全面脱碳的进程中,交通运输领域面临着特殊挑战——该领域的温室气体排放量约占人类能源相关排放总量的四分之一。
account for 解释;说明;是……的原因;占……(比例)
例　Linda gave us a vivid account of her trip to Mount Tai after her return.
琳达回来后向我们生动地描述了她的泰山之行。
give an account of...对……进行描述
归纳拓展
·on account of (=because of) 因为,由于
on no account (=in no way) 决不;绝对不(置于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
give an account of...对……进行描述
take...into account=take account of...考虑到……;顾及……
·account for 解释;说明;是……的原因;占……(比例)
·be accountable to sb 对某人负责
be accountable for sth 对某事负责
[语境运用] 用account的相关短语完成语段
Our club decided to hold a cultural festival.　　　　　　 　　 the need to attract audiences with diverse preferences,some club members
　　　　　　　 　 organising various activities,while others took on the publicity work.　　　　 　　　 would we allow any setbacks to hinder (妨碍) us.　　　　　　　 the detailed account we gave of the club activities,
many teachers and students were attracted to participate.Eventually,this cultural festival turned out to be extremely successful.
Taking account of
were
accountable for
On no account
On account of
重点句式
neither...nor...既不……也不……
▲
[教材原句] However,neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.
然而,不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。
例　As the author explains,this is neither a travel nor a history book,or even a piece of reportage.
正如作者所解释的,这既不是一本旅行书,也不是历史书,甚至不是一篇报告文学。
例　He neither joined the basketball team nor participated in the debate club.
他既没加入篮球队也没参加辩论社。
归纳拓展
“neither...nor...”表示“既不……也不……”,其含义是否定的,可连接任意两个并列的成分。
·当“neither...nor...”连接两个并列主语时,应遵循主谓一致的“就近原则”。
·若要将“neither...nor...”句型变为肯定句,只需把“neither...nor...”改为“both...and...”,同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。
·neither可以单独使用作主语,表示“两者中没有一个”。
·当表达一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事时,可用neither或nor进行简略回答。其结构为“Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”。
主谓一致的“就近原则”指谓语动词在人称和数上与靠近它的主语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的还有or、either...or...、not only...but (also)...、not...but...等连词或词组以及there be句型等。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子
(不仅他而且他的父母) are fond of reading.
(应用文写作之建议信)Without motivation,you can
(既不能设定目标,也不能实现目标).
I don’t know whether he will come to attend my party;
　　　(我也不在乎).
Not only he but also his parents
neither set a goal nor
reach it
neither/nor do I
care
I haven’t been to my father’s home town and 　　　　　　　　　　　(我姐姐也没有).
　　　　　　　　　　 (他俩中的任何一个都不) had any idea how long the book had been kept.
neither/nor has my sister
Neither of them
while 引导让步状语从句
▲
[教材原句] In fact,more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple,there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上,不止一处资料显示,虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years,transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility,especially among young children.
尽管近年来我们的街道安全可能有所改善,但交通研究也显示,行人,尤其是幼童的出行流动性却有所下降。
例　Never get on or off a bus while it is moving.
公共汽车开动时千万不要上下车。(conj.当……的时候)
例　You like sports,while I’d rather read.
你喜欢体育,而我宁愿阅读。(conj.而;然而)
例　While online shopping has changed our lives,not all of its effects have been positive.
尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但并非其所有的影响都是正面的。(conj.虽然;尽管)
例　Would you like to come in and rest for a while
你想进来休息一会儿吗 (n.一会儿)
[归纳拓展]
while意为“然而”时,不能放在句首。while和but有所不同,while用于对比,but表示转折。当前后两个分句为同一个主语时应用but,不用while。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
(虽然这些学生来自不同的国家),they got along quite well in the summer camp.
He is very shy,　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　(而他的哥哥却很外向).
(虽然我一直觉得我会通过考试),I never thought I would get an A.
While they were cleaning the room,they found an old photo.
→　　　 　　　　　　,they found an old photo.
While the students came from different countries
while his brother is very outgoing
While I always felt I would pass the exam
While cleaning the room
长难句分析
[教材原句] Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place,more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.
尝试分析:本句是一个主从复合句。 为although引导的让步状语从句,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句; 为what引导的宾语从句,作questioned的宾语。
自主翻译:虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事,不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。
[语境运用] 情境写作
虽然我们认为先进的科学技术给我们的日常生活带来了便利,我们仍坚持做技术所不能代替的事情。
that advanced technology has brought convenience to our daily life,we still insist on doing .
Although we think
what can’t be replaced by technology
写作微专题3
Writing an experiment report
文本解读
1.文体类型:实验报告,属于应用文范畴,常用于把实验目的、方法、过程、结果等记录下来,经过整理写成书面汇总材料。
2.要点内容:先介绍实验目的和实验所需器材,再介绍实验过程及结论。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.描写实验目的。
...carry out an experiment to find out...
The aim of the experiment is to find...
...with the purpose of discovering...
2.描写实验器材。
To carry out/make/do/perform the experiment,you need...
The following things are needed.
The following apparatus (装置;仪器) is used to...
3.描写实验的方法和过程。
...make good preparations for...
It is important that...
...do the experiment as follows.
(借助于firstly、secondly、thirdly、finally、first、then、next、after that、two hours later/after several days等。)
...find a better way of doing...
...make a good study of...
4.描写实验结论。
From this experiment we can conclude that...
...draw/come to the conclusion that...
We can learn from the experiment that...
We can find out that...
You can see/discover...
In conclusion,...
佳作建构
假设你是李华,请你根据在化学课上做过的实验写一份英文实验报告,向校英文报投稿。
1.实验目的:验证蛋壳在醋中是否会溶解。
2.实验用具:水、碗、鸡蛋、醋。
3.实验步骤。
(1)将带壳的生鸡蛋在清水中洗干净;
(2)将鸡蛋放入准备好的碗中;
(3)在碗中加入足够量的醋;
(4)静置两天。
4.实验结果:蛋壳在醋中溶解。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词语:生的 raw、蛋壳 eggshell、溶解 dissolve、碳酸钙 calcium carbonate。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　 　　　 n.(科学)实验
2.　 　　　 n.程序,步骤,手续
3.　 　　　 adv.完全地,彻底地
4.　 　　　 v.准备
experiment
procedure
entirely
prepare
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.把鸡蛋放在准备好的碗里。
Put the egg in 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.它必须足够大,能放下鸡蛋和醋。
It must be 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the egg and vinegar.
3.蛋壳完全溶解在醋里。
The eggshell 　　　 　　　　　 in vinegar.
the prepared bowl　
big enough to hold
dissolves entirely
4.那是因为醋里含有酸。
　　　　　　　　 vinegar contains acid.
5.它能分解蛋壳中的主要成分——碳酸钙。
It breaks down the calcium carbonate,　　　　　　　　　　　　 　.
That’s because
the main ingredient of eggshells
亮点提升
1.将第1句和第2句用定语从句进行改写升级。
Put the egg in the prepared bowl which must be big enough to hold the egg and vinegar.
2.将第4句和第5句用定语从句进行改写升级。
That’s because vinegar contains acid which breaks down the calcium carbonate,the main ingredient of eggshells.
范文展示
To find out whether eggshells dissolve in vinegar,we carried out this experiment.
Before we start,we need to prepare the following materials:a bowl,vinegar,an egg and water.First,wash a raw egg with shells in the water and then put the egg in the prepared bowl which must be big enough to hold the egg and vinegar.Next,add enough vinegar to cover the egg.Cover the bowl,put it on the table,and then keep the egg in vinegar for 48 hours.We can observe that the eggshell dissolves.In other words,the eggshell disappears in vinegar.
According to the experiment,we can draw a conclusion that eggshells dissolve entirely in vinegar.That’s because vinegar contains acid which breaks down the calcium carbonate,the main ingredient of eggshells.
写作练习
假设你是李华,请根据以下提示用英语写一篇实验报告。
1.实验目的:观察水的沸腾。
2.实验步骤:
(1)在烧杯中放入适量的水;
(2)把温度计放到水中;
(3)点燃酒精灯,仔细观察温度计和水的变化。
3.实验结果:
水温达到100 ℃时,气泡上升最快,水面气泡最多,温度不再变化。
4.实验结论:水在100 ℃时开始沸腾。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词语:烧杯beaker、温度计thermometer、酒精灯alcohol burner、气泡bubble。
写作指导
One possible version:
This experiment is designed to observe the temperature when water boils and what happens in water during boiling.
To carry out the experiment,we need to prepare the following materials:water,a thermometer,a beaker and an alcohol burner.First,half fill the beaker with water.Then put the thermometer in it.Finally,light the alcohol burner to heat the water and observe the readings of the thermometer.It can be seen that plenty of bubbles rise from the bottom of the beaker to the water surface when the temperature reaches 100 degrees centigrade.
From the experiment,we can draw a conclusion that water starts boiling at 100 degrees centigrade while plenty of bubbles rise to the water surface during boiling.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 人物描写 相关词语 capable adj.有能力的　desire n.渴望,欲望　chemist n.化学家　astronomer n.天文学家　 biologist n.生物学家　field research 实地研究,实地调研　extraordinary adj.非凡的,出色的　brilliant adj.聪颖的,才华横溢的　theory n.学说,理论　mental adj.精神的;精神健康的
动作描写 相关词语 press v.按　shoot v.射出(光线等),放射　compute v.计算　never say never 别轻易说决不　injure v.使受伤,弄伤　draft v.起草,草拟　attach v.系,绑;贴　be capable of doing sth 能够做某事;有能力做某事
环境描写 相关词语 stuff n.东西,物品　species n.物种　stream n.小河,小溪　lightning n.闪电　flash n.闪光　gravity n.重力,引力
读后 续写 微技能之“线” Presently I am going to press the lever,and off the machine will go.
(动作描写)
She was also regarded as a brilliant chemist and was again awarded the Nobel Prize in 1911 for the isolation of pure radium.(人物描写)
But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create,and that’s the real spirit of invention.(主题升华句)
Nothing like this has been invented yet and I’d say we’re a long way from an invention like that at the moment! But,as they say,“Never say never!” (结尾升华句)
读后 续写 微技能之“面”
微写作——永不言弃:亚历克斯的森林探险
亚历克斯是一个生物学家。手里拿着指南针和相机,他进入了一片茂密的森林以便进行实地调研。他想要拍摄一些重要物种的照片。不幸的是,当他正准备按下快门时,他滑倒了,伤了腿。尽管疼痛难忍,亚历克斯却拒绝放弃。他轻声对自己说:“别轻易说决不。”他相信他有能力克服任何障碍。
Alex is a biologist.1.　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
he entered the dense forest to 2.　　　　　　　　　　　 　.He wanted to take photos of some significant species.Unfortunately, just as he was about to press the shutter, he slipped and 3.
　　　 　.Despite the unbearable pain, Alex refused to give up.He whispered to himself, “4.　　　　　　　　 　　.”He believed he
5.　　　 　　　　　 overcoming any obstacle.
With a compass and a camera in hands
conduct field research
injured
his leg
Never say never
was capable of
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.press v.按 n.新闻;印刷→ n.压力
2.flexible adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的→ adv.灵活地;易弯曲地;柔软地;有弹性地→ n.灵活性;弹性
3.capable adj.有能力的→ n.能力,才能
4.desire n.渴望,欲望→ adj.值得拥有的;值得做的
5.injure v.使受伤,弄伤→ n.伤害,损害→ adj.受伤的
pressure
flexibly
flexibility
capability
desirable
injury
injured
6.chemist n.化学家→ n.化学→ adj.化学的 n.化学制品
7.accurate adj.精确的→ adv.精确地;准确地→ n.精确度;准确性
8.minor adj.小的→ n.少数;少数民族;未成年
9.origin n.起源,起因→ adj.原始的,最初的→ adv.起初→ v.起源,发源;创立,创建
10.declaration n.声明,宣告→ v.宣布;声明;表明;宣称
chemistry
chemical
accurately
accuracy
minority
original
originally
originate
declare
11.attach v.系,绑;贴→ adj.依恋;附属于→ n.附件;依恋;爱慕;信念;忠诚
12.conduct v.传导 (热、电)→ n.(热或电等能量的)传导→
n.导体;指挥;售票员
13.proof n.证明,证据→ v.证明
attached
attachment
conduction
conductor
prove
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　 从……方面来讲;就……而言
2. 能够做某事
3. 无疑
4. 导致;推动
5. 无法辨认
6. 以……命名
in terms of...
be capable of doing sth
no doubt
lead to
beyond recognition
be named after...
7. 　　 除了
8. 把……系到……
9. 　 附属于;依恋;喜爱
10. 与……一起
11. 发生
12. 死于
13. 提出,想出
apart from
tie...to...
be attached to
along with...
take place
die from
come up with
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.with复合结构
It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places,
(计算机技术控制着它的 “双腿”).
句式仿写
(他手里拿着球),the little boy played in the park.
with
computing technology controlling its “legs”
With a ball in his hand
2.强调句型的特殊疑问句
So (是什么) inspires us to invent things
句式仿写
(是什么时候) you first realised the importance of English grammar
what is it that
When was it that
3.that引导表语从句
The well-known story is
(这位美国开国元勋和科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝).
句式仿写
The plan is (我们将在暑假期间去欧洲旅行).
that the American Founding Father and scientist
flew a kite during a storm in 1752
that we will travel to Europe during the summer vacation
4.if引导宾语从句
People wanted to know
(闪电是否真的由电产生,还是另有源头).
句式仿写
We’re discussing (这个周末我们是否应该去野餐).
if lightning was really produced by electricity or
something else
if we should go for a picnic this weekend
5.even if引导让步状语从句
But in science,facts should be proved by experiments and research,and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—
(即使它是一个精彩的故事).
句式仿写
(即使学习一门新语言充满挑战),it is very rewarding.
even if it is a great
story
Even if learning a new language is full of challenges(共15张PPT)
Unit 3　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Napoleon was one of the most 　 　　　(有能力的) generals in history.
2.She has a strong 　　　　(渴望) to go abroad for further study.
3.New technology has enabled the development of an online　　　　 (虚拟的) library.
4.He charges the 　　　　(电池) of his electric car every two days.
5.The 　　　　 (柔韧的) branches of the willow tree were swaying (摇动) gently in the breeze.
capable
desire
virtual
battery
flexible
6.She 　　　　 (按) her face against the window to see what was happening outside.
7.In the dark night, suddenly a white light 　　 　 (射出) towards my eyes, and I could see nothing.
8.Could you move all that 　　　　 (物品) off the table
9.Without 　 　　　 (指南针), it is easy to get lost in such a thick forest.
10.The scientist used a powerful computer to 　　　　 (计算) the complex mathematical equations.
pressed
shot
stuff
compasses
compute
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.It is believed that it is his ability to work under 　　　　 (press) that led to his great success.
2.The 　 　　　 (flexible) of distance learning would be particularly suited to busy managers.
3.As a scientist,he has the 　 　 　 (capable) of doing important research.
4.The house is well designed and has many 　　 　　 (desire) features,
making it visited by many people.
5.The designer works on projects related to 　 　　　 (wear) tech.
pressure
flexibility
capability
desirable
wearable
6.In terms 　　　　 cost, this option is more affordable than the others.
7.Thanks 　　　　 your advice, I made the right decision.
8.Start 　　　　 small steps and you’ll eventually achieve your goal.
9.The hotel offers free breakfast. 　　　　 addition, it provides the gym for free.
10.Lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet can lead 　　　　 obesity.
of
to
with
In
to
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　(是哪本书) you recommended to me
2.The painting, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(是由一位著名的艺术家创作的), attracts many visitors every year.
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 (他的声音颤抖着), he made a sincere apology to his mother.
4.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(发现这部电影真的很令人兴奋).
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(老师在课堂上强调的内容) is of great importance.
Which book was it that
which was created by a famous artist
With his voice trembling
found this movie really exciting
What the teacher emphasised in class
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Kids and science seem to be made for each other!
The basic science is a combination of thought and experiment called the scientific method.It’s where you start with an idea,create a way to prove or disprove your idea,and show what you learnt based on facts.Learning to follow this process helps you think logically (逻辑地) and carefully.These important thinking skills can be used in many areas of study.To give a child practice with these thinking skills is like giving vitamins (维生素) to a developing mind.
One of the greatest things we can teach our children is to love learning. Learning science is a great way to do so.Children are easy to be interested in science.Because much of science is hands-on,it attracts most children. Nothing makes a child sit up and take notice like the “WOW!” of a great science showing.
Science opens doors to many subjects at school.Building love for science can be helpful in other areas of study.For example,one cannot love science for very long without becoming good at its language—maths! So science encourages children to study maths.An interest in science is an interest in how things were once understood compared to how they are understood now.Thus studying science leads itself easily to studying history.And after you do an experiment,you need to write a lab report.Therefore,writing becomes an important part of science.
Science is the basic thing for much of our life.The science of farming shows how our food is produced;biomedical science keeps us healthy;even our beds these days are designed according to scientific facts.We almost eat,sleep and breathe with the help of science! When we prepare the next generation (一代) of creators and policymakers,it is important to make sure they are not only comfortable but also good at science.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了让孩子学习科学的原因。
(　　)1.According to Paragraph 1,what does learning the scientific method mean to kids
[A]Refusing any ideas that are not logical.
[B]Helping them develop thinking skills.
[C]Learning many areas of study.
[D]Learning to do experiments.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Learning to follow this process...
in many areas of study.”可知,学习科学方法可以帮助孩子们培养思维方式。故选B。
(　　)2.Which of the following statements would the author agree with
[A]Science is too difficult for children.
[B]Children usually consider science boring.
[C]Science could make children love learning.
[D]Children who can’t think carefully shouldn’t learn science.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知,作者认为学习科学可以让孩子们爱上学习。故选C。
(　　)3.What may happen if a child works hard at science at school
[A]He or she usually loses interest in other activities.
[B]He or she usually has no time for other subjects.
[C]He or she is usually bad at such subjects like history.
[D]He or she is likely to learn many other subjects well.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So science encourages children to...an important part of science.”可知,学好了科学,学好别的科目的可能性也会增大。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the text mainly about
[A]Why science is important.
[B]Why kids should learn science.
[C]What kids should learn at school.
[D]How kids can make use of science.
B
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知,本文主要介绍了让孩子学习科学的原因。故选B。

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