资源简介

/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级英语下册外研版（2024）单元素养评价培优卷
Unit 5 Looking into nature
温馨提示：
1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。满分120分。考试用时90分钟。考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
2.答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座号填写在试题卷和答题卡规定的位置上。
3.第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案不能答在试题卷上。
4.第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试题卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共65分）
一、选择填空（共10小题，计10分）
从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1．We are discussing ________ we should hold the class meeting tomorrow.
A．since B．although C．until D．whether
2．She told me ________ she bought a new dress in the shop yesterday.
A．that B．if C．when D．where
3．________ is a good way to keep healthy.
A．To exercising B．To exercised C．Exercising D．Exercised
4．—Could you tell me ________ the meeting ________ tomorrow morning
—I need to make a schedule.
A．if; will start B．that; starts C．when; start D．where; will starts
5．—How’s the weather tomorrow I don’t know if it ________ tomorrow.
—Well, if it ________, I won’t go out with you.
A．will rain; will rain B．rains; rains C．rains; will rain D．will rain; rains
6．—I’m planning a trip to Harbin this summer holiday. I wonder ________ July is the best time to go there.
—Why not go online to get more information about it
A．when B．what C．where D．whether
7．—I think we should use less plastic to protect the earth.
—________. It’s a good way to live a greener life.
A．I disagree B．I agree C．I’m afraid not D．I don’t think so
8．—What do you usually do in your free time
—I often go to the zoo to ________ the animals.
A．look for B．look at C．look after D．look up
9．The little boy was ________ in the forest, but he finally found his way out with the help of a guide.
A．lost B．ill C．hurt D．tired
10．You ________ pick flowers in the park. It’s against the rules.
A．mustn’t B．can C．may D．needn’t
二、完形填空（共10小题，计10分）
Huang Xuhua was a great Chinese scientist. He died on February 6th, 2025. But the wonderful stories about him and his team will stay in our hearts forever.
Born in Guangdong in 1926, Huang saw his hometown 11 attacks from other countries. Many people died in the war. These 12 memories made him study hard. He wanted to use his knowledge to make China stronger. In the 1950s, China started to make nuclear submarines (核潜艇). Huang Xuhua was 13 to do this job. At that time, China was 14 in technology. Developing nuclear submarines at that time was like a new 15 trying to climb a very high and difficult mountain. However, Huang and his team 16 the challenge. To keep the project a secret, the whole team didn’t keep in touch with their families and friends for a long time. During the design process, the team faced different kinds of problems. They did everything by themselves 17 because they had no help from others. They held many 18 to share ideas and did lots of tests together. Problems were 19 one by one. Finally, in the 1970s, they succeeded in making China’s first nuclear submarine because of the excellent 20 of Huang and his team.
We should learn from Huang and his team. Teamwork makes dreams come true.
11．A．come from B．learn from C．suffer from D．die from
12．A．touching B．painful C．exciting D．strange
13．A．awful B．boring C．afraid D．voluntary
14．A．skilled B．weak C．strong D．correct
15．A．climber B．lawyer C．designer D．director
16．A．refused B．forgot C．accepted D．noticed
17．A．carefully B．nervously C．happily D．luckily
18．A．interviews B．celebrations C．records D．meetings
19．A．helped B．advised C．solved D．realized
20．A．memory B．teamwork C．discussion D．honour
三、阅读理解（共20小题，计40分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能正确回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
A
Have you ever heard of underwater archaeologists These scientists explore ancient places and artefacts (文物) hidden under the sea.
Throughout history, lots of artefacts have been lost underwater. Because of the limits of the human body and technology, the ocean floor remains largely unexplored. That’s why we need underwater archaeologists.
On Pingtan Island in Fujian province, there’s a training centre for future underwater archaeologists. Students from all over China come here to learn how to protect and study artefacts which are discovered underwater. The training is tough. It requires years of hard work and practice. Right now, there are fewer than 200 underwater archaeologists in China.
Underwater work, like many outdoor activities, depends greatly on the weather. The best time for underwater work is from May to November, because sea conditions are good during that period. However, this is also the typhoon (台风) season. Underwater archaeologists need to be patient and wait for the right moments.
In 1987, a sunken ship named Nanhai One was discovered in the South China Sea. At that time, Chinese archaeologists were not fully prepared for the excavation (发掘). Later, Cui Yong, an underwater archaeologist, played a key role in the project. The ship, carrying over 180,000 artefacts, went down about 800 years ago while travelling from Quanzhou in China to the Indian Ocean. This makes it a key piece of evidence (证据) for studying the Maritime Silk Road (海上丝绸之路) and research on it has continued ever since.
Now, underwater archaeology has developed greatly in China. Thanks to archaeologists like Cui, forgotten stories can now be brought to light again.
21．What is the main task of underwater archaeologists
A．To study ancient sea animals.
B．To build new ships for sea travel.
C．To teach people to stay underwater.
D．To explore hidden underwater artefacts.
22．What does the underlined word “tough” most probably mean in English
A．Interesting. B．Challenging. C．Encouraging. D．Impossible.
23．Which of the following greatly influences underwater work
A．The number of archaeologists.
B．The experience of the workers.
C．The weather and sea conditions.
D．The plants and animals in the sea.
24．Why is Nanhai One an important discovery
A．It was the largest ship ever built 800 years ago.
B．It carried treasures from many different countries.
C．It was the first ship discovered in the South China Sea.
D．It offers key information for studying the Maritime Silk Road.
25．Which is the best title for the passage
A．Underwater archaeology in China
B．Training of underwater archaeologists
C．The life of an underwater archaeologist
D．The surprising discovery of Nanhai One
B
Spring is an exciting time of the year! Did you know there are many cool things about spring apart from just the warm weather
During spring, the bad weather can be all over the place. That’s because warm air from the south and cold air from the north are fighting, making the weather really __________.
Lots of baby animals are born in spring. They come into the world when they can get more time to enjoy the sunshine and warmer weather. Deer (鹿), squirrels (松鼠), foxes, and even whales welcome their little ones during spring when food is easy to find.
Spring can make you feel much happier. As the weather gets warmer, your brain makes more serotonin (血清素), something that makes you feel good. That’s why people feel more positive when spring rolls around.
Do you know that spring doesn’t start at the same time everywhere In the Northern Hemisphere (半球), spring begins in March, but for people in the Southern Hemisphere, such as Australians, it starts in September. So, while some people are enjoying spring, people in the other hemisphere are experiencing fall!
26．Which word best fits in the “________”
A．clear B．windy C．changeable D．beautiful
27．Why are many baby animals born in spring
A．Because they will have fewer enemies who can kill them.
B．Because it is warm with more food.
C．Because they can sleep more at night.
D．Because they can spend more time with their parents.
28．Which word can take the place of the underlined word “positive”
A．Hopeful. B．Bored. C．Organized. D．Sleepy.
29．When it is fall in the Northern Hemisphere, which season are Australians experiencing
A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Fall. D．Winter.
30．Which of the following poem lines (诗句) is about spring
A．No birds fly over endless icy hills; without anything, all paths are silent and still.
B．I stop my cart to watch maple (枫树) trees at night; frost-touched leaves are much redder than spring flowers.
C．The lotus (荷花) leaves spread far and wide, reaching up to the sky; under the sun, the lotus flowers shine more brightly in the color of red.
D．With wind it steals in night; mute, it moistens (使湿润) each thing.
C
Yang Zhenning (杨振宁) was born in China in 1922. He grew up in Tsinghua University, where his father worked as a math professor. This environment helped him develop a love for learning from an early age.
He went to university in China and got his first degree in 1942. Later, he moved to the United States for further studies at the University of Chicago. There, he learned from famous scientists and got his Ph. D．Professor Yang was deeply interested in physics and wrote many research papers for top science magazines. In 1957, at the age of 35, he won the famous Nobel Prize in Physics with another Chinese scientist Li Zhengdao (李政道) , for their important discovery. He also received other awards and honors for his contributions to science.
In the late 1990s, Professor Yang returned to China and made great contributions to Chinese scientific education. He became a professor at Tsinghua University. He didn’t just teach — he personally raised money and helped design and build the Institute for Advanced Study at Tsinghua. He taught physics to top university students, inspiring them with his passion and deep understanding. He brought back talented Chinese scientists from overseas to make China’s research teams stronger. He became a “cultural and scientific bridge” between China and the West. He gave many lectures to students and the public to spread scientific knowledge.
Yang zhenning’s greatest contribution was using his wisdom, experience, and influence to train the next generation of Chinese scientists and help China become a strong scientific country in the world.
31．Why did Yang Zhenning win the Nobel Prize in Physics
A．Because of his well-known research papers.
B．Because of his important discovery with Li Zhengdao.
C．Because of his famous Institute for Advanced Study.
D．Because of his scientific education at Tsinghua University.
32．What is the main idea of the third paragraph
A．Yang’s contributions to China. B．Yang’s scientific research.
C．Yang’s early achievements. D．Yang’s study experience in China.
33．In which order did the following happen in Yang Zhenning’s life
a. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
b. He got his first degree in China
c. He returned to China and became a professor.
d. He got his Ph. D．at the University of Chicago.
A．b-d-a-c B．b-d-c-a C．d-a-b-c D．d-b-c-a
34．What did Yang Zhenning do to make China’s research teams stronger
A．He gave physics lectures to top university students.
B．He wrote research papers for science magazines.
C．He raised money to build the Institute for Advanced Study.
D．He influenced overseas Chinese scientists to return to China.
35．What is the best title for the passage
A．The Nobel Prize: Yang Zhenning’s Greatest Honor
B．Yang Zhenning: Builder of the Institute for Advanced Study
C．Yang Zhenning: A Great Scientist
D．Scientists’ Dream: Contribution to Their Countries
D
A Day in the Wetland Park
Last Saturday, I visited the City Wetland Park with my classmates. The park is home to many kinds of plants and animals. We saw tall reeds (芦苇) by the water and many water birds walking by the lake.
Our guide told us that wetlands are called “the kidneys of the earth” because they can clean the water and provide food and homes for many living things. He also told us that some rare animals, like the red-crowned crane (丹顶鹤), live in this park.
We took many photos and learned a lot about wetland protection. At the end of the day, we made a promise to protect the wetlands and all living things in nature.
36．When did the writer visit the wetland park
A．Last Sunday. B．Last Saturday. C．This Sunday. D．This Saturday.
37．What are wetlands called
A．The lungs of the earth. B．The heart of the earth.
C．The kidneys of the earth. D．The brain of the earth.
38．Which rare animal lives in the park
A．The panda. B．The tiger. C．The red-crowned crane. D．The elephant.
39．What did the writer do at the end of the day
A．Took many photos. B．Learned about wetland protection.
C．Made a promise to protect wetlands. D．Cleaned the water in the park.
40．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The writer’s happy trip to the wetland park and learning about nature protection.
B．The different kinds of plants in the wetland park.
C．The danger that wetlands are facing.
D．How to take photos of wild animals.
四、短文还原（共5小题，计5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Rainforests are forests that get a lot of rain. They have a rainfall of more than 2.54 cm per day! There are tropical (热带) rainforests all over the world. 41 They are very warm.
The Amazon rainforest is in South America. It is the biggest rainforest in the world. More than half of the rainforest is in Brazil. 42
Many plants and animals live in the Amazon rainforest. There are more kinds of plants and animals there than anywhere else in the world. The biggest mix of plants and animals lives in the canopy. 43 The canopy keeps off most of the sunlight. The rainforest floor is very dark.
44 There are more than 400 different native tribes (土著部落)! Native people used to stay in the rainforest. They found food and built homes there. They made medicine from plants. Now they sometimes leave. They go into nearby towns to sell food. Still, they live in their own ways.
Today, the Amazon rainforest is faced with the problem of deforestation. This means that too many trees are cut down by humans and that 45 What can we do to protect the rainforest and the wildlife there
A．People live in the Amazon rainforest, too.
B．The canopy is a thick coat of trees.
C．They are found near the equator (赤道).
D．The rest spreads across eight other countries.
E．They have found some wildlife near the equator.
F．it brings harmful results to the wildlife in the Amazon rainforest.
G．it makes more space for the animals in the Amazon to live in the rainforest.
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题；共55分）
五、词汇应用（共10 小题，计10分）
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wang Fangding, as one of the most important and excellent Chinese scientists, has got great 46 (achieve) in nuclear (核) physics and radiochemistry (放射化学). He helped solve the problems of nuclear testing, nuclear bombs (核弹) and nuclear waste (核废料). He has played 47 important role in China’s nuclear industry. His research has had a great influence 48 China’s development in science and technology and he has also taught many new successful scientists who learn a lot from him, including 49 (he) spirit.
He was born in Shenyang, Liaoning Province in December, 1928. There were no good study conditions in his time like today’s, 50 he worked hard and entered Sichuan University. Since he graduated from the university in 1952, he has worked on nuclear science.
Though the working conditions were also very hard, he with his team 51 (beat) many different difficulties and succeeded in developing our country’s science and technology. With their hard work, our country’s development of nuclear science and technology has been ahead of the world level and we own 52 (good) technology in many ways in the world.
Like many Chinese scientists, he just works hard on our country’s development that is great enough 53 (shock) the world. Thank those who work hard-silently and protect us bravely instead of 54 (run) for money and fame. They are real idols 55 (real) worth our care and love.
六、选词填空（共10小题，计10分）
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用次，有两词为多余选项。
and high good kind when carry at end it square live country
Do you know the Andes Mountains They are the longest and one of the 56 mountain ranges (山脉) in the world. They run through seven 57 such as Peru and Chile in South America. Although life was not easy there, the Inca people 58 in the Andes Mountains many years ago. The old and famous Inca Empire (帝国) began around the 13th century and 59 in the late 16th century.
Corn was the Inca people’s popular food because 60 could grow very well in the high mountains. Tomatoes, potatoes and another grain (谷物) called quinoa (藜麦) were also popular. When the Inca people mixed peppers with quinoa, they could make a 61 of delicious soup.
The llama, a kind of animal, provided the Inca people with milk and meat. 62 the same time, it could be used to 63 lots of heavy things.
Most Inca people were farmers 64 the villages they lived in were very small. In Cuzco, the Inca people built walls with huge stones and some of them were more than seven meters high. Even today, hundreds of years later, the stones fit together so 65 that you can’t even put a ruler between them.
七、阅读表达（共5小题，计10分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答下面五个问题。
Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. He is known as the “Father of Chinese Aerospace (航空航天)” and “King of Rocketry” (火箭之王).
Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11, 1911. When he was little, he showed great interest in math and science, which made him different from most children of his age. He entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1929 and finished university at the top of his grade. In 1935, Qian left for the USA for further study. When he stayed there, he read lots of books, did many studies, and wrote a number of important articles on rockets and missiles (导弹). Slowly, he became one of the world’s best scientists in the field of aerospace.
When Qian returned to China from the USA in 1955, the country’s space research was almost a blank (空白). He decided to change the situation. In 1956, Qian helped set up the first research center for rockets and missiles. He led his team and organized many programs. He was quite busy but he tried to give classes and talks to college students as often as he could, because he realized the importance of education. He often encouraged them to work hard for China’s development. Thanks to Qian, China’s aerospace technology developed rapidly.
Qian died in 2009. He spent all his life developing missiles, rockets and space programs in China. Now his spirit still inspires Chinese people.
66．When and where was Qian Xuesen born
67．What made him different from most children of his age
68．What did he do when he stayed in America
69．What was the situation of China’s space research in 1955
70．What do you think of Qian Xuesen
八、书面表达（共1题，计25分）
71．自然探索者的故事里，藏着勇气与坚持的力量。你校正在开展“自然探索者的奇妙故事”英文征文活动，请你以“The Story of a Young Nature Explorer”为题，用英语写一篇短文投稿，讲述一位探索者的经历。
注意：
1．短文需包含上图中的所有内容，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．词数80～100 (短文题目与首句已为你写好，不计入总词数)。
参考词汇：goal (n.目标), stick to (坚持), admirable (adj.令人钦佩的)
The Story of a Young Nature Explorer
Here’s a story about Lila, a 19 -year -old nature explorer.
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．D
【解析】句意：我们正在讨论明天是否要开班会。
since自从；although尽管；until直到；whether是否。根据前半句“We are discussing”可知，这是在讨论“是否要开班会”，应填whether。
2．A
【解析】句意：她告诉我她昨天在商店买了一条新裙子。
that无实义；if是否；when什么时候；where哪里。根据“She told me…she bought a new dress in the shop yesterday.”可知，句子为宾语从句，“she bought a new dress in the shop yesterday”是完整的陈述句，不缺成分且表示确定的事实，用that引导。应填that。
3．C
【解析】句意：锻炼是保持健康的一种好方法。
句子结构分析可知缺少主语，此处动词exercise作主语需要使用动名词形式exercising。
4．A
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我会议明天上午是否会开始吗？——我需要制定一个日程表。
if是否；that引导宾语从句，无实义；when什么时候；where哪里。第一空，主句“Could you tell me...”后接宾语从句，根据答句“我需要制定日程表”可知，问句是在询问会议的相关情况，结合选项，if符合语境；第二空，时间状语“tomorrow morning”表示将来，宾语从句需用一般将来时“will start”。
5．D
【解析】句意：——明天的天气怎么样？我不知道明天是否会下雨。——嗯，如果下雨，我就不和你出去了。
第一个if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，根据时间状语“tomorrow”可知应用一般将来时will rain；第二个if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时，主语“it”是第三人称单数，应用rains。
6．D
【解析】句意：——我计划今年暑假去哈尔滨旅行。我想知道七月是否是去那里的最佳时间。——为什么不上网获取更多关于它的信息呢？
when什么时候；what什么；where哪里；whether是否。根据语境可知，说话人不确定七月是不是最佳时间，表示“是否”之意，应用whether引导宾语从句。
7．B
【解析】句意：——我认为我们应该少用塑料来保护地球。——我同意。这是过上更绿色生活的一种好方法。
I disagree我不同意；I agree我同意；I’m afraid not我恐怕不行；I don’t think so我不这么认为。根据答语“It’s a good way to live a greener life.”可知，后者认为这是一个好方法，表示赞同前者的建议。只有B项表示同意，符合语境。
8．B
【解析】句意：——你空闲时间通常做什么？——我经常去动物园看动物。
look for寻找；look at看；look after照顾；look up查阅。根据“go to the zoo”可知，去动物园的目的是观看动物，look at符合语境。
9．A
【解析】句意：这个小男孩在森林里迷路了，但在向导的帮助下他最终找到了出路。
lost迷路的；ill生病的；hurt受伤的；tired劳累的。根据“but he finally found his way out”可知，小男孩之前是在森林里迷路了，所以需要向导帮助找到出路。应填lost。
10．A
【解析】句意：你禁止在公园里摘花。这是违反规定的。
mustn’t禁止；can能；may可以；needn’t不必。根据“It’s against the rules.”可知，摘花是违反规定的行为，表示禁止做某事，应填mustn’t。
11．C 12．B 13．D 14．B 15．A 16．C 17．A 18．D 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文讲述了中国伟大科学家黄旭华的生平事迹，通过他和团队攻坚克难、自主研发中国第一艘核潜艇的经历，赞扬了他们无私奉献、勇于挑战的精神，点明了团队协作能够实现梦想的道理。
【解析】11．句意：1926年出生于广东，黄旭华目睹家乡遭受他国袭击。
根据后文“Many people died in the war.（许多人在战争中丧生）”可知家乡在战争中蒙受苦难，suffer from意为“遭受；蒙受（苦难/袭击）”，符合语境。come from来自；learn from向……学习；die from死于，均不符。
12．句意：这些痛苦的记忆让他发奋学习。
根据前文“许多人在战争中丧生”的悲惨经历，painful意为“痛苦的”，用于形容战争带来的伤痛记忆，贴合语境。touching感人的；exciting令人兴奋的；strange奇怪的，均不符。
13．句意：黄旭华自愿承担了这项工作。
结合核潜艇研发的重大意义和他“想用知识让中国变强”的初心，voluntary意为“自愿的”，体现他主动担当的精神。awful糟糕的；boring无聊的；afraid害怕的，均不符。
14．句意：那时，中国在技术方面很薄弱。
根据后文“They did everything by themselves carefully because they had no help from others.”可知，当时中国的技术水平落后，weak意为“薄弱的；落后的”，符合历史背景与语境。skilled熟练的；strong强大的；correct正确的，均不符。
15．句意：在那个时候研发核潜艇，就像一名新的登山者试图攀登一座又高又险的大山。
根据后文“climb a very high and difficult mountain（攀登一座又高又险的大山）”的比喻，climber意为“登山者”，与喻体完全对应。lawyer律师；designer设计师；director导演，均不符。
16．句意：然而，黄旭华和他的团队接受了这项挑战。
根据后文他们攻坚克难、最终成功的经历，accept意为“接受（挑战）”，符合人物行为逻辑。refused拒绝；forgot忘记；noticed注意到，均不符。
17．句意：他们凡事都亲力亲为、认真细致，因为没有外界的任何帮助。
根据“没有外界帮助、自主研发”的背景，carefully意为“认真地；细致地”，体现团队严谨的科研态度。nervously紧张地；happily开心地；luckily幸运地，均不符。
18．句意：他们召开了许多会议来交流想法，还一起做了大量测试。
根据“share ideas and did lots of tests together”的行为，meeting意为“会议”，是团队交流研讨的常规形式。interviews采访；celebrations庆祝；records记录，均不符。
19．句意：难题被一个接一个地解决了。
根据前文“团队面对各种问题、不断研讨测试”的过程，solve意为“解决（问题）”，符合逻辑闭环。helped帮助；advised建议；realized意识到，均不符。
20．句意：最终，在20世纪70年代，凭借黄旭华和团队出色的团队协作，中国第一艘核潜艇研制成功。
根据文末点明的主旨“Teamwork makes dreams come true（团队协作让梦想成真）”，teamwork意为“团队协作”，是贯穿全文的核心关键词。memory记忆；discussion讨论；honour荣誉，均不符。
21．D 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了水下考古学家的工作性质，中国水下考古人才培养的现状、水下考古工作的影响因素，并以南海一号沉船发掘为例，介绍了中国水下考古的发展成果。
21．原文第1段“These scientists explore ancient places and artefacts (文物) hidden under the sea.”，明确说明水下考古学家的核心工作是探索海底隐藏的古代遗迹与文物。
22．原文第3段“The training is tough. It requires years of hard work and practice. Right now, there are fewer than 200 underwater archaeologists in China.”，后文提到训练需要多年努力练习，且中国目前水下考古学家人数很少，说明训练难度很高，“challenging”符合划线词“tough”的词义。
23．原文第4段“Underwater work...depends greatly on the weather...The best time for underwater work is from May to November, because sea conditions are good during that period.”，明确说明水下工作极大依赖天气，同时指出海况是否良好决定了能否开展工作，因此天气和海况对水下工作影响最大。
24．原文第5段“This makes it a key piece of evidence (证据) for studying the Maritime Silk Road (海上丝绸之路) and research on it has continued ever since.”，直接说明南海一号是研究海上丝绸之路的关键证据，能够为相关研究提供关键信息，对应D选项的描述。
25．文章先后介绍水下考古工作内容、中国的水下考古培训、中国南海一号考古项目、中国水下考古的整体发展。B选项“水下考古学家的培训”、D选项“南海一号的发现”都只是文章部分内容，C选项“一名水下考古学家的生活”文中并未提及，A选项“中国的水下考古学”概括了全文核心主题，适合做标题。
26．C 27．B 28．A 29．A 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于春天的几个有趣事实：天气多变、动物在春天产崽、春天让人心情变好，以及南北半球春季开始时间不同。
26．原文提到“warm air from the south and cold air from the north are fighting”，冷暖空气交锋会导致天气不稳定、频繁变化，因此应填changeable。
27．原文写道“They come into the world when they can get more time to enjoy the sunshine and warmer weather”以及“during spring when food is easy to find”，因此，春天出生是因为温暖和食物充足。
28．原文提到“As the weather gets warmer, your brain makes more serotonin, something that makes you feel good. That’s why people feel more positive.”，随着天气变暖，你的大脑会产生更多的血清素，这会让你感觉良好，这就是为什么人们感觉更积极，其中“positive”在此意为“积极、乐观、充满希望”。
29．原文指出“In the Northern Hemisphere, spring begins in March, but for people in the Southern Hemisphere, such as Australians, it starts in September. So, while some people are enjoying spring, people in the other hemisphere are experiencing fall!”，因此，北半球秋天时，南半球正是春天。
30．A项句意为“千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。”出自柳宗元《江雪》，描写冬季大雪封山的寂静景象，与春天无关；B项句意为“停车坐爱枫林晚，霜叶红于二月花。”出自杜牧《山行》，描写秋季枫叶经霜变红的景色，虽提到“二月花”作对比，但主体是秋天，与春天无关；C项句意为“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红。”出自杨万里《晓出净慈寺送林子方》，描写夏季荷花盛开的壮丽景象，与春天无关；D项句意为“随风潜入夜，润物细无声。”出自杜甫《春夜喜雨》，描写春雨在春夜悄然滋润万物的情景，正是春天的典型特征。故选D。
31．B 32．A 33．A 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文介绍了物理学家杨振宁的生平经历与主要贡献。
31．原文第二段提到“In 1957, at the age of 35, he won the famous Nobel Prize in Physics with another Chinese scientist Li Zhengdao, for their important discovery.”说明他获奖的原因是与李政道一起做的重要研究。
32．第三段主要讲述杨振宁90年代回国后，在清华任教、建立高等研究院、搭建中西学术桥梁、培养科研人才的经历，核心是他对中国的贡献。
33．按文中时间线梳理事件顺序，首先是1942年，他在中国获得第一个学位，然后是赴美深造，获博士学位，再后是1957年，获诺贝尔奖，最后是90年代回国任教。对应顺序b-d-a-c。
34．原文第三段提到“He brought back talented Chinese scientists from overseas to make China’s research teams stronger.”说明他是从海外带来了有天赋的中国科学家。
35．全文围绕杨振宁的一生展开，涵盖成长、求学、科研成就、回国贡献等多个维度，核心是介绍他作为伟大科学家的生平与贡献。“Yang Zhenning: A Great Scientist”最符合。
36．B 37．C 38．C 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者上周六和同学一起参观城市湿地公园的经历，介绍了湿地的作用、园内的珍稀动物，并表达了保护湿地与自然的决心。
36．文章第一段“Last Saturday, I visited the City Wetland Park with my classmates.”说明作者是上周六参观的湿地公园。
37．文章第二段“Our guide told us that wetlands are called ‘the kidneys of the earth’…”说明湿地被称为“地球之肾”。
38．文章第二段“He also told us that some rare animals, like the red-crowned crane (丹顶鹤), live in this park.”这直接说明生活在公园里的珍稀动物是丹顶鹤。
39．文章第三段明确指出“At the end of the day, we made a promise to protect the wetlands and all living things in nature.”这直接说明作者在一天结束时许下了保护湿地的承诺。
40．文章整体讲述了作者在湿地公园的愉快旅程，以及通过这次经历学习到湿地保护的相关知识，对应选项A“作者去湿地公园的愉快旅行以及学习自然保护的知识”。
41．C 42．D 43．B 44．A 45．F
【导语】本文介绍了热带雨林的基本特点，重点描述了亚马逊雨林的地理分布、丰富的生物多样性、原住民的生活方式以及当前面临的森林砍伐问题。
41．前文提到“世界各地都有热带雨林”，后文说“它们非常温暖”，此处应说明原因。C项“They are found near the equator.”解释了为什么它们很温暖，符合逻辑。
42．前文提到“超过一半的雨林在巴西”，此处应说明其余部分的分布情况。D项“The rest spreads across eight other countries.”与前文形成补充，完整描述了亚马逊雨林的地理分布。
43．本段讲亚马逊雨林的动植物，前文提到“最多的动植物混合生活在林冠层”，后文说“林冠层阻挡了大部分阳光”，此处应说明林冠层是什么。B项“The canopy is a thick coat of trees.”解释了林冠层的概念，符合逻辑。
44．本段讲亚马逊雨林的原住民，后文提到“有400多个不同的土著部落”，此处需要一个过渡句。A项“People live in the Amazon rainforest, too.”作为本段的主题句，概括了后文的内容，符合逻辑。
45．本段讲亚马逊雨林面临森林砍伐问题，前文提到“太多的树被人类砍伐”，后文问“我们能做些什么来保护雨林和野生动物？”，此处应说明砍伐给野生动物带来了有害后果。F项“it brings harmful results to the wildlife in the Amazon rainforest.”与前后文逻辑一致，点明了问题的严重性。
46． achievements 47．an 48．on 49．his 50．but 51．beat 52．the best 53．to shock 54．running 55．really
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国科学家王方定的事迹。他作为中国重要的杰出科学家之一，在核物理和放射化学领域取得了巨大成就，帮助解决了核试验、核弹及核废料等问题，在中国核工业中发挥了重要作用。
【解析】46．句意：王方定，作为中国重要的杰出科学家之一，在核物理和放射化学方面取得了巨大的成就。括号内单词为“achieve”(实现，取得，动词)。空前有形容词“great”(巨大的)，形容词后需接名词作宾语，“achieve”的名词形式是“achievement”(成就)，为可数名词。“great achievements”表示“巨大成就”，符合语境。
47．句意：他在中国核工业中发挥了重要作用。此处考查固定搭配“play an important role in...”(在……中发挥重要作用)。“important”(重要的)以元音音素//开头，不定冠词需用“an”。
48．句意：他的研究对中国科学技术的发展产生了巨大影响。此处考查固定搭配“have an influence on...”(对……有影响)，表示“对……产生影响”时，需用介词“on”。
49．句意：他还培养了许多新的成功科学家，他们从他身上学到了很多，包括他的精神。括号内单词为“he”(他，人称代词主格)。空后为名词“spirit”(精神)，需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，“he”的形容词性物主代词是“his”(他的)。
50．句意：他那个时代没有像今天这样好的学习条件，他努力学习，进入了四川大学。前半句“没有好的学习条件”与后半句“努力学习并考入大学”之间存在转折关系，需用转折连词“but”(但是)连接。
51．句意：尽管工作条件也很艰苦，但他和他的团队克服了许多不同的困难，并成功发展了我国的科学技术。括号内单词为“beat”(打败，克服，动词)。句中“and”连接并列谓语，后半句“succeeded”(成功)为过去式，因此前半句谓语动词也需用过去式，“beat”的过去式是“beat”。
52．句意：在他们的努力下，我国核科学和技术的发展已经领先世界水平，并且我们在世界上许多方面拥有最好的技术。句中“in many ways in the world(在世界上许多方面)”表示范围，需用形容词最高级，且最高级前需加定冠词“the”。“good(好的)”的最高级为“best(最好的)”。故填“the best”。
53．句意：像许多中国科学家一样，他只是努力为国家的发展工作，这足够伟大去震惊世界。句中“is great enough”后需接动词不定式，构成固定结构“be+adj.+enough to do sth.(足够……去做某事)”，表示“足够伟大去震惊世界”。因此填“to shock”。
54．句意：感谢那些默默努力工作、勇敢保护我们，而不是为金钱和名誉而奔走的人。中“instead of(而不是)”为介词短语，后接动词时需用动名词形式。“run(奔走)”的动名词为“running”。
55．句意：他们是真正值得我们关心和爱戴的偶像。空后为形容词“worth(值得的)”，需用副词修饰形容词。“real(真实的)”为形容词，其副词形式为“really”(真正地)。
56．highest 57．countries 58．lived 59．ended 60．it 61．kind 62．At 63．carry 64．and 65．well
【导语】本文介绍了安第斯山脉的基本情况、印加人的生活、食物来源、动物资源以及他们的建筑成就。
56．句意：它们是世界上最长的山脉之一，也是最高的山脉之一。固定结构“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”。题干中给出的词有high，其最高级为highest，符合语境和语法要求。
57．句意：它们穿过南美洲的七个国家，比如秘鲁和智利。空前是数词seven，后接可数名词复数。根据后文提到的Peru and Chile，可知此处指“国家”，country的复数形式为countries。
58．句意：虽然那里的生活并不容易，但印加人多年前生活在安第斯山脉中。句中时间状语是many years ago，句子用一般过去时。根据语境，指印加人“居住”在山脉中，live的过去式为lived。
59．句意：古老而著名的印加帝国始于13世纪，于16世纪末结束。连词and连接并列的谓语动词，前半句began是一般过去时，故此处也需用动词过去式。根据语境，指帝国“结束”，end的过去式为ended。
60．句意：玉米是印加人受欢迎的食物，因为它能在高山上长得很好。连词because引导原因状语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代前文的Corn，用代词it。
61．句意：当印加人把辣椒和藜麦混合时，他们能做出一种美味的汤。固定搭配a kind of意为“一种”，修饰名词soup。结合给出的词汇，选kind。
62．句意：与此同时，它还可以用来搬运很多重物。固定短语at the same time意为“与此同时”，是固定搭配。
63．句意：与此同时，它还可以用来搬运很多重物。固定结构be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”。根据语境，羊驼被用来 “搬运” 重物，to后接动词原形carry。
64．句意：大多数印加人是农民，并且他们居住的村庄非常小。前后两个分句是并列关系，用并列连词and连接。
65．句意：即使在几百年后的今天，这些石头拼接得如此好，以至于你连一把尺子都插不进去。副词so修饰形容词或副词，此处修饰动词fit，需用副词。结合语境和给出的词，good的副词形式为well，“so well that…”表示“如此好以至于……”。
66．He was born in Shanghai on December 11, 1911. 67．When he was little, he showed great interest in math and science. 68．He read lots of books, did many studies, and wrote a number of important articles on rockets and missiles. 69．China’s space research was almost a blank in 1955. 70．He was a great, hard-working and selfless scientist. He devoted all his life to China’s aerospace development and his spirit still inspires Chinese people today.
【导语】本文介绍了中国著名科学家钱学森的生平事迹，讲述了他从小对科学的热爱、在美国的求学经历，以及回国后为中国航天和火箭事业做出的巨大贡献，展现了他的爱国精神与奉献精神。
66．第二段第一句直接给出信息“Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11, 1911.”，属于原文直接信息提取，可直接作答。
67．第二段明确说明“When he was little, he showed great interest in math and science, which made him different from most children of his age.”，直接点明了他与同龄孩子的不同之处，可直接引用作答。
68．第二段提到“When he stayed there, he read lots of books, did many studies, and wrote a number of important articles on rockets and missiles (导弹).”，直接描述了他在美国期间的主要活动，属于原文直接信息提取。
69．第三段开头直接说明“When Qian returned to China from the USA in 1955, the country’s space research was almost a blank.”，这是原文明确给出的信息，可直接提取作答。
70．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，但观点需基于文中事实。可结合钱学森的爱国精神、对科学的热爱、无私奉献等角度作答，言之有理即可。
71．参考范文
The Story of a Young Nature Explorer
Here’s a story about Lila, a 19 -year- old nature explorer. Last summer, she planned to explore a hidden forest to find rare wild flowers. It was her biggest goal for that year.
However, she faced a great difficulty. Heavy rain made the path hard to walk on. She almost gave up, but she stuck to her plan by using branches as walking sticks to keep balance. In the end, her effort paid off. She found the beautiful flowers and took photos to record them.
Lila is truly admirable. Her story teaches me that as long as we keep trying, we can achieve our goals, even in the face of difficulties.
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：记叙文，以一般过去时为主要时态
明确要点：探索目标；遇到的困难、坚持的过程与最终结果；个人看法
确定人称：主体用第三人称 (she/Lila)，结尾发表看法用第一人称 (I/we)
注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称；需使用参考词汇goal、stick to、admirable
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：补充交代莱拉的探索目标，引出事件背景
主体段：详细叙述她遇到的困难、坚持的过程与最终的探索结果
结尾段：发表个人看法，升华主题
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：探索目标
目标表达：to find rare wild flowers/to study rare plants/to record wild birds/to explore unknown caves/to take photos of wild animals等
要点二：遇到的困难与结果
困难表达：heavy rain made the path hard to walk on/thick bushes blocked the way/sudden storm hit the area/she got lost in the forest等
坚持/结果表达：she stuck to her plan by using branches as walking sticks to keep balance. In the end, her effort paid off. She found the beautiful flowers and took photos to record them./she kept moving forward with great courage/she finally achieved her goal successfully/she shared her findings with other explorers等
要点三：个人看法
看法表达：she is truly admirable. Her story teaches me that as long as we keep trying, we can achieve our goals, even in the face of difficulties./she sets a good example for us/we should stick to our dreams no matter how hard it is/her spirit encourages us to face challenges bravely/we can learn the importance of persistence from her story等
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

展开更多......

收起↑