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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级英语下册译林版（2024）单元素养评价培优卷
Unit 5 Good manners
温馨提示：
1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。满分120分。考试用时90分钟。考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
2.答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座号填写在试题卷和答题卡规定的位置上。
3.第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案不能答在试题卷上。
4.第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试题卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共65分）
一、选择填空（共10小题，计10分）
从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1．The park is beautiful ________ ________ attract many visitors every year.
A．too; to B．enough; to C．so; that D．very; that
2．It’s polite ________ hello to others when you meet them.
A．say B．to say C．saying D．said
3．You ________ be quiet when you are in the hospital. Many patients are sleeping.
A．can B．may C．must D．need
4．—In some Western countries, people usually greet their family members ________ when they meet after a long time apart.
—That’s quite different from our culture. We often hug each other.
A．with a kiss B．with a smile C．with a wave D．with a nod
5．—In our class, students often help ________ with homework and share snacks. That’s why we’re like a big family.
—It’s great to have such a friendly class.
A．other B．one another C．the other D．another
6．It’s polite ________ you ________ for the old and give them seats on the bus.
A．for; to wait B．of; to wait C．for; waiting D．of; waiting
7．We should always try to solve problems in a ________ way instead of getting angry or shouting.
A．peaceful B．hopeful C．cheerful D．meaningful
8．I ________ feel tired after work. But now I gradually ________ it.
A．get used to; used to B．used to; used to
C．used to; get used to D．get used to; be used to
9．Jim is shy and he isn’t speaking _______ enough for us to hear clearly.
A．quickly B．loudly C．quietly D．politely
10．—Could you tell me ________ I should behave when I meet foreign guests
—Just remember when in Rome, do as the Romans do.
A．where B．what C．how D．why
二、完形填空（共10小题，计10分）
Unspoken rules are mostly to do with respecting others. This type of rule is 11 between countries and cultures.
You should recognize and follow the rules in 12 own country. When you plan 13 another country, you should 14 the differences to avoid 15 disrespectful. For example, in some 16 countries, like in Canada, and the US, people don’t stand too close during a conversation. But in many 17 countries, closeness is 18 normal. In some places, 19 more distance is seen as rude. All these ways are acceptable. It 20 where in the world you are.
11．A．same B．different C．difference D．the same
12．A．your B．you C．yours D．yourself
13．A．visits B．visit C．to visit D．visiting
14．A．find out B．find C．look for D．look out
15．A．to be B．/ C．being D．be
16．A．western B．west C．east D．eastern
17．A．other B．others C．another D．the other
18．A．considering B．considered C．considers D．consider
19．A．keeping B．keeps C．keep D．kept
20．A．depends to B．depends with C．depends in D．depends on
三、阅读理解（共20小题，计40分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能正确回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
A
Today, with the development of society, people all over the world almost have the same hobbies, watch the same movies, and wear the same clothes. That is to say, we are not very different in some ways. However, cultures are still quite different. In the East and in the West, social rules are not the same.
In the East, it can take a long time to become someone’s friend. But people are very close to their friends. When people from the West meet you, they will call you a friend right away. That doesn’t mean they are close to you.
When people from the East meet you, they often ask questions. They want to know about your age, your salary (薪水) and whether you are married or not. For people from the West, these are not polite questions. They don’t like to talk about these personal things. They think such kind of questions violate (侵犯) their privacy (隐私).
Family is important for everyone. However, in the East, family is always a part of life. Kids there live with their parents for a long time. They still listen to them after they grow up.
In the West, independence is very important. Parents prepare their kids for life. Then, after their kids grow up, they say goodbye and leave home. Later, the kids can choose to start a family or not. They don’t have to listen to their parents.
________People in the West think about small details (细节). They also think less and act more. So, they will be loud about their opinions. In the East, people pay much attention to relationships between things, and they often keep their opinions quietly. That keeps relationships happy.
21．The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A．people from the East B．people’s close friends
C．people from the West D．parents in each family
22．According to the passage, people all over the world are different in some ways because ________.
A．they are from different countries B．they have different parents
C．they pay attention to different details D．they have different cultures
23．Which of the following sentences can be put in the ________ in Paragraph 6
A．People in the West don’t like to think about things carefully.
B．In the East and in the West, people think differently, too.
C．The relationships between people are quite different.
D．People in the East and the West are good at different things.
24．To support his idea, the writer develops the text mainly by ________.
A．listing reasons B．using old sayings C．asking questions D．making comparisons
25．What’s the purpose of writing the passage
A．To warn us not to ask people’s age and salary.
B．To show us the family is important for everyone.
C．To tell us the social rules are not the same in the East and the West.
D．To suggest we should learn to be independent.
B
Is body language important and useful The answer is yes. Because it can help people understand us easily. When we are communicating with others, we use not only words but also body language. For example, we use facial expressions to show our feelings. We use smiles to mean that we are happy. We also use gestures such as shaking hands with each other to show we are friendly.
However, different countries have different body language. For example, people in China and Australia shake hands when they meet others while Frenchmen and Russians greet others with kisses. People from English-speaking countries do not like touching each other, but people in Puerto Rico like doing it. Therefore, if you touch someone from the UK, you should say sorry to him or her. If an American agrees with you, he will put his thumb and forefinger into a circle. But people in Brazil think it is rude. In many countries, “thumbs up” means agreement. But people in Australia used to think it was impolite to raise one’s thumbs up.
Therefore, when we use body language in a foreign country, we should make sure if it is polite to do so in that country.
26．Why does the writer think body language is important and useful
A．It helps us make more friends quickly. B．It can make our conversations more interesting
C．It enables others to understand us easily. D．It shows our feelings more clearly than words.
27．How do people in Australia greet others
A．By shaking hands. B．By smiling. C．By waving. D．By kissing.
28．Which gesture do the Americans do to show that they agree with you
A．Put the thumb and forefinger into a circle.
B．Put the forefinger up and other fingers down.
C．Put the thumb down and other fingers all up.
D．Put all the fingers up.
29．What does the underlined word “impolite” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Pleasant. B．Interesting. C．Disrespectful D．Friendly.
30．Which of the following statements is true
A．Brazilians think touching is rude.
B．Frenchmen and Russians greet others with handshakes.
C．The British don’t like touching each other.
D．If you touch someone from Puerto Rico, you should say sorry to him or her.
C
The meaning of facial expressions is decided by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture, the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.
A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual. However, many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places. Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places, while some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is often used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.
Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not try “reading” people from another culture, because we would “read” someone from our own culture. In fact, members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as members of another do, which does not mean they do not experience emotions. For example, in public and in formal situations, many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.
Because of personal and cultural differences in the United States, it is difficult to conclude about Americans and facial expressiveness. In America, people from certain cultural backgrounds seem to be more facially expressive (表情丰富的) than others. Remember not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.
31．In which culture is smiling at strangers in public often seen as unusual according to the passage
A．American culture. B．Southeast Asian culture.
C．Russian culture. D．Vietnamese culture.
32．The underlined word “confusion” most likely means ________.
A．misunderstanding B．understanding
C．clear meaning D．happiness
33．The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can ________.
A．show friendliness to strangers B．be used to hide true feelings
C．be used in the wrong places D．show personal habits
34．What should we do before trying “reading” people
A．Find out about their past experience. B．Learn about their relations with others.
C．Understand their cultural backgrounds. D．Figure out what they will do next.
35．What is the main idea of the article
A．Facial expressions have the same meaning around the world.
B．Smiling always means a person is happy.
C．Americans are more expressive than all other cultures.
D．The meaning of facial expressions depends on cultures, situations, and relationships.
D
Different countries have different customs and cultures. Every culture around the world has different customs and ways of communicating. When you learn a language, you learn more than words.
In China, people are used to saying “sorry” to show that they regret doing something wrong. But it’s very proud for American people to have polite manners towards one another in public. They often use the word “sorry”—even when they don’t really mean it! Usually, if they want to ask a stranger for the time, they will start by saying. “sorry to trouble you.” If they’re five minutes late for the appointment, they will greet the person by saying “sorry, I’m late!” It’s quite different in China. They use the word “sorry” in so many different situations that the meaning of the word has changed a little over time. The two main dictionary definitions (定义) of “sorry” are: 1) feeling sad for someone else because of their problems or bad luck; 2) feeling regret because you've done something wrong.
So what does “sorry” really mean And why do western people use it so much Well, in western culture, saying “sorry” is a way to be polite. It’s also a very clever way to get what they want. If you want to borrow something from others, you’d better say “sorry” to them about something. Or it’s hard for you to get what you want. So maybe saying “sorry” is not only just being polite, but also a good method to get what you want!
36．How many examples of the use of “sorry” are given by Americans in the second paragraph
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
37．When do people in America say “sorry” according to the passage
A．When they regret doing something wrong. B．When they ask strangers for help.
C．When they greet people for the first time. D．When they arrive at a place early.
38．What does the underlined word “appointment” in the passage mean
A．Idea. B．Class. C．Date. D．Safety.
39．In which country do people say “sorry” to get what they want
A．Japan. B．China. C．Korea. D．Germany.
40．What's the best title of the passage
A．How to Say “sorry” Correctly. B．The Different Meanings of “Sorry”.
C．Why Western People Say “Sorry”. D．Why Chinese People Say “Sorry”.
四、短文还原（共5小题，计5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，其中有两项为多余选项。
Are you a food lover Do you know the TV show A Bite of China 41 People usually eat some traditional food on special days. 42 Here is some traditional Chinese food.
Noodles mean long life in traditional Chinese culture. 43
In China, a whole fish is a symbol of abundance and surplus. In fact, at a party, it is a tradition to provide a whole fish at last. And the head of the fish usually faces the most honoured guest. 44 And most people think that eating fish will bring good fortune in the coming year.
The very popular food during the Dragon Boat Festival is zongzi. This tasty food is made of glutinous rice with meat or other delicious food in bamboo leaves. 45
Do you know any other traditional Chinese food
A．The food is part of our culture.
B．Different people like different food.
C．People usually eat a bowl of long, uncut noodles on their birthday to wish for a long and healthy life.
D．You can learn about many kinds of delicious food from this TV show.
E．The Chinese character for “fish” sounds like the Chinese character for “surplus”.
F．The tradition of eating zongzi is to make us remember a great poet, Qu Yuan.
G．Few families cook zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival.
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题；共55分）
五、词汇应用（共10 小题，计10分）
根据短文内容，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词或短语的正确形式填空。
Now, more and more foreigners are living in China. They are studying or working here. They love China and are used to their 46 (peace) everyday life. 47 sometimes they have problems. For example, some of them don’t know how to give gifts. Here is some 48 (advice) for them.
It’s necessary to bring a gift
In China, it’s 49 traditional custom to bring a gift when you are invited to someone’s home. Usually fresh flowers and fruit are your best choices. It’s 50 (polite) to bring gifts with the number “four”, because it sounds like “death” in Chinese. Instead, the number “eight” is considered lucky, so eight apples or eight oranges are a good idea.
You’d better wrap your gift
When you buy a gift, the seller usually 51 (help) you wrap the gift. Don’t be surprised if your gift is wrapped. Wrapping paper will make your gift look even 52 (beautiful). In China, people don’t open gifts at once. They usually do it in the evening or 53 you leave, and they will open it 54 (respect) later.
Give something that can be shared
If you have some co-workers, 55 (not give) gifts to only one person. You’d better treat them equally. It’s better to give something that can be shared, like food.
六、选词填空（共10小题，计10分）
根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在答题卡对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。
herself new want class stay meal breakfast big but different
Anna comes from Russia. She is 17 years old. She’s going to 56 with the Black family for a year. Anna comes to England because she 57 to study English. She helps Mrs. Black do housework in the house and goes to English 58 every Wednesday and Friday afternoon.
Anna is now in London. Everything is 59 to her.
She finds life is 60 from that in Moscow. Some things are nice in London. Many things are not so nice. The shops are 61 in London than those in Moscow (莫斯科). 62 it’s very expensive to enjoy 63 in London. It’s expensive to have a 64 at a restaurant or go to a cinema.
Now Anna has got used to (习惯) many things, but she can’t get used to the 65 in England. “You English eat so much in the morning,” she often says. “Fruits, eggs, tea and bread. How can you face (面对) all that food so early in the day ”
七、阅读表达（共5小题，计10分）
Good manners are essential in daily life. They help us get along well with others and show our respect for different cultures.
In school, we should greet teachers politely and listen carefully in class. We shouldn’t cut in on others’ conversations. When waiting for the bus, we should stand in line patiently and not push in before others.
At home, we should be polite to our family members. We should say “please” and “thank you” often. We shouldn’t talk back to our parents.
In public places, like libraries and museums, we should keep quiet. We shouldn’t litter or damage public property. We should also be kind to strangers and offer help when needed.
Different countries have different manners, but the core is the same: being kind and respectful. Learning good manners can make our life more harmonious.
66．Why are good manners essential in daily life
67．What should we do when greeting teachers at school
68．How should we behave when waiting for the bus
69．What should we say often to our family members
70．What is the core of good manners in different countries
八、书面表达（共1题，计25分）
71．你的朋友在社交场合中遇到礼仪困惑，向你咨询建议。请你以“Good Manners in Daily Life”为题，写一篇短文分享你对文明礼仪的理解及实践建议。
要求：
1. 80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称；
3. 重点使用一般现在时描述礼仪规范。
参考信息：
1. 文明礼仪的具体表现（如问候礼仪、公共场合礼仪、餐桌礼仪）；
2. 核心价值（尊重他人、促进和谐、展现修养）；
3. 实践建议（日常小习惯、具体做法、带来的积极影响）。
Good Manners in Daily Life
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．B
【解析】句意：这个公园足够美丽，能够每年吸引许多游客。
too...to...太……而不能……；so...that...如此……以至于；enough...to...足够……去。enough修饰形容词beautiful，放在其后，to后接动词原形attract，表示“足够美，能够吸引（游客）”，符合题意。
2．B
【解析】句意：当你遇到别人时，向他们问好是有礼貌的。
句子“It’s polite…hello to others”提示，It’s + adj. + to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，固定句型，其中It是形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。say是动词原形，saying是动名词，said是过去式，均不符合句式要求，只有to say是动词不定式。应填to say。
3．C
【解析】句意：当你在医院时，你必须保持安静。许多病人正在睡觉。
can能，可以；may可能，可以；must必须；need需要。句子“Many patients are sleeping.”提示，因为许多病人正在睡觉，所以在医院保持安静是必要的规定，语气较强，应该用must表示“必须”。
4．A
【解析】句意：——在一些西方国家，人们通常在久别重逢时亲吻问候他们的家庭成员。——那和我们的文化很不同。我们经常互相拥抱。
with a kiss亲吻；with a smile微笑；with a wave挥手；with a nod点头。根据“In some Western countries”和“greet their family members”可知，此处涉及西方家庭间的特定问候方式。结合答语“That’s quite different from our culture. We often hug each other.”可知，该问候方式与拥抱不同且体现亲密关系。根据西方文化常识，家人久别重逢常行亲吻礼，符合语境。
5．B
【解析】句意：——在我们班，学生们经常互相帮助做作业并分享零食。这就是为什么我们像一个大家庭。——拥有这样一个友好的班级很棒。
other其他的；one another互相；the other另一个；another另一个。根据“students often help...with homework”及语境可知，此处指学生们之间“互相”帮助，help one another为固定搭配，意为“互相帮助”，应填one another。
6．B
【解析】句意：你很有礼貌，在公共汽车上等候老人并给他们让座。
固定句型“It’s + adj + of/for + sb + to do sth”。polite意为“有礼貌的”，用来修饰人的品质特征，介词应用of；若形容词描述事物性质（如important, hard），介词则用for。该句型中真正的主语是动词不定式，结构为to do sth，因此第二空填to wait。故选B。
7．A
【解析】句意：我们应该总是尝试用一种平和的方式解决问题，而不是生气或大喊大叫。
peaceful平和的；hopeful有希望的；cheerful高兴的；meaningful有意义的。根据“instead of getting angry or shouting”可知，此处表示与生气或大喊大叫相反的态度，即平和地解决问题。
8．C
【解析】句意：我过去下班后常常感到疲惫，但现在我渐渐习惯了。
used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”，符合“过去感到疲惫”的语境。get used to sth.表示“习惯于某事”，符合“现在渐渐习惯了”的语境。
9．B
【解析】句意：吉姆很害羞，他说话不够大声，我们无法听清楚。
quickly快地；loudly大声地；quietly安静地；politely礼貌地。根据“for us to hear clearly”可知是为了让我们听清楚，需要声音大，结合语境指他说话不够大声。故选B。
10．C
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我当遇到外国客人时我应该如何表现吗？——请记住，入乡随俗。
where哪里；what什么；how如何；why为什么。答语“Just remember when in Rome, do as the Romans do.”提示，问句询问的是行为举止的方式，应用how引导宾语从句。
11．B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．C 16．A 17．A 18．B 19．A 20．D
【导语】本文介绍了不同国家和文化中未言明的规则差异，特别是人际交往距离的习惯，强调了入乡随俗的重要性。
【解析】11．句意：这种规则在国家和文化之间是不同的。
由下文提到的“the differences”及常识可知，各国规则是不同的。根据语境，规则因文化而异符合逻辑。same和the same意为相同，与文意相反；is后需接形容词，difference为名词，词性不符。
12．句意：你应该识别并遵守你自己国家的规则。
根据“own country”可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，指代读者的国家，your符合逻辑。you是主格/宾格；yours是名词性物主代词；yourself是反身代词，均不能修饰名词。
13．句意：当你计划访问另一个国家时。
根据“plan”可知，此处用plan to do sth，意为“计划做某事”，需接不定式作宾语。
14．句意：你应该找出差异以避免无礼。
根据“the differences”可知，此处指了解信息，find out符合句意。find指找到具体物体；look for指寻找的过程；look out指当心，均不符合语境。
15．句意：为了避免显得无礼。
avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”，avoid后接动名词，且disrespectful是形容词，需系动词be在句子中作谓语。
16．句意：例如，在一些西方国家。
根据“like in Canada, in the US”可知，这些是西方国家，需用形容词修饰countries。west是名词；eastern和east方向错误，均不符合语境。
17．句意：但在许多其他国家。
根据“many...countries”可知，此处需用形容词other修饰复数名词，指除西方外的许多其他国家。others是代词不能修饰名词；another修饰单数；the other特指两者中之一，均不符合。
18．句意：亲近被认为是很正常的。
根据“is...normal”可知，此处是被动语态，结构为：be considered + adj.，意为“被认为是……”。considering、considers、consider均为主动形式，不符合被动语态结构。
19．句意：保持更多距离被视为粗鲁。
根据“is seen as”可知，空白处作主语，需用动名词形式。keeps、keep、kept均为谓语动词形式，不能直接作主语。
20．句意：这取决于你在世界上的哪里。
根据语境，此处意指规则是否得体取决于地点，depend on为固定搭配。
21．A 22．D 23．B 24．D 25．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了东西方在社会规则、交友方式、隐私观念、家庭关系以及思维方式等方面的差异，指出文化不同导致了人们行为方式的不同。
【解析】21．第三段提到：“When people from the East meet you, they often ask questions. They want to know about your age, your salary and whether you are married or not.” 这里的“They”指代的是前文提到的“people from the East”，即东方人见面时喜欢问年龄、薪水等问题。
22．第一段指出：“However, cultures are still quite different. In the East and in the West, social rules are not the same.” 说明虽然人们在爱好、电影、穿着等方面相似，但文化仍然不同，这才是人们存在差异的原因。
23．第六段空格后的内容讲的是西方注重细节、敢于表达，而东方注重事物间的关系、善于保持沉默。这属于东西方“思维方式”的差异，因此空格处应填入一个总起句，B选项“In the East and in the West, people think differently, too.”最能衔接上下文。
24．通读全文可知，作者每段都在对比东方和西方的不同，如交友方式、隐私观念、家庭关系、思维方式等，因此主要写作手法是“making comparisons”（作比较）。
25．文章开篇提出“In the East and in the West, social rules are not the same”，随后从多个方面展开对比，目的是告诉读者东西方社会规则不同。C项准确概括了写作目的。
26．C 27．A 28．A 29．C 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍肢体语言的重要性，以及不同国家肢体语言的差异，提醒在国外使用肢体语言时需注意礼貌。
26．第一段提到“Because it can help people understand us easily”，即作者认为肢体语言重要的原因是能让他人轻松理解我们。
27．第二段提到“people in China and Australia shake hands when they meet others”，中国人和澳大利亚人见面时握手问候。
28．第二段提到“If an American agrees with you, he will put his thumb and forefinger into a circle”，美国人用拇指和食指围成圈表示同意。
29．第二段提到“In many countries, ‘thumbs up’ means agreement. But people in Australia used to think it was impolite to raise one’s thumbs up”，结合上下文，不同文化对同一手势的理解不同，此处应为“不礼貌的/不尊重的”，“impolite”与“Disrespectful”同义。
30．第二段提到“People from English-speaking countries do not like touching each other”，英国属于说英语的国家，所以英国人不喜欢肢体接触。
31．C 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．D
【导语】本文讲述面部表情的含义受情境、人际关系和文化差异影响，不同国家微笑及情感表达习惯不同，不能用自身文化习惯去误判他人表情。
31．第二段“many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual”，直接对应俄罗斯文化。
32．后文举例俄美对微笑的看法不一样，容易产生误解，confusion意为“误解、困惑”。
33．第二段“a smile is often used to cover painful feelings”，举越南人讲悲伤故事却以微笑结尾的例子，证明微笑可掩饰真实情绪。
34．第三段说明不能用自己的文化习惯去解读其他文化的人，要先了解他们的文化背景。
35．文章首句点明主旨：面部表情的含义取决于情境、人际关系和文化，后文围绕这一点展开论述。
36．A 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇关于不同文化中“sorry”一词使用差异的说明文，主要讲述了中西方文化里“sorry”的不同用法与含义：中国人用“sorry”多表达做错事的懊悔，而美国人（西方文化）会在向陌生人求助、约会迟到等多种场景使用“sorry”，它不仅是礼貌的表现，还是一种获取想要事物的巧妙交际手段。
36．原文第2段“Usually, if they want to ask a stranger for the time, they will start by saying. “Sorry to trouble you.” If they’re five minutes late for the appointment, they will greet the person by saying “Sorry, I’m late!””，文中列举了向陌生人问时间和约会迟到这两个使用“sorry”的场景。
37．原文第2段“Usually, if they want to ask a stranger for the time, they will start by saying. “Sorry to trouble you."”，这句话表明美国人在向陌生人寻求帮助（询问时间）时会使用 “sorry”。
38．原文第2段“If they’re five minutes late for the appointment, they will greet the person by saying ‘Sorry, I’m late!’”，结合“迟到”的语境，“appointment”指预先约定的会面，对应选项中的“约会/约定”（Date）。
39．原文第3段“Well, in western culture, saying“sorry” is a way to be polite. It’s also a very clever way to get what they want. If you want to borrow something from others, you’d better say “sorry” to them about something.”，结合文章对西方文化中“sorry”使用目的的描述，以及选项中西方文化相关的国家，可知是德国（Germany）。
40．原文第3段“So what does “sorry” really mean And why do western people use it so much ”，文章围绕中西方对“sorry”的使用差异、“sorry”的含义以及西方人频繁使用 “sorry”的原因展开，核心是解释西方人说“sorry”的缘由。
41．D 42．A 43．C 44．E 45．F
【导语】本文介绍了三种中国传统美食的文化寓意：生日吃面条祈愿长寿；鱼象征“年年有余”，鱼头敬主宾；端午节吃粽子纪念诗人屈原。食物承载着中国人的美好祝福与历史记忆。
【解析】41．空前提到电视节目《舌尖上的中国》，空后开始介绍传统食物，则空处应在继续介绍该节目中美食的话题，D项“You can learn about many kinds of delicious food from this TV show.”承上启下，紧扣“TV show”这一话题。
42．空前介绍了人们通常在特殊的日子里吃一些传统的食物，空后准备引出并介绍一些传统的中文食物，则空处应在继续总结传统食物，A项“The food is part of our culture.”是对前句的升华，解释了特殊日子要吃传统食物的文化意义，符合语境。
43．前句提到“面条象征长寿”，则空处应在具体描述生日吃长寿面的意义，C项“People usually eat a bowl of long, uncut noodles on their birthday to wish for a long and healthy life.”与空前相呼应，逻辑连贯。
44．该段讲述了鱼象征富足有余，空后在描述了“大多数人认为吃鱼会在来年带来好运”，空处应在介绍吃鱼的意义，E项“The Chinese character for ‘fish’ sounds like the Chinese character for ‘surplus’.”解释了“鱼”和“余”谐音的文化背景，说明了中国春节等场合吃鱼的真正寓意，同时自然衔接后面的宴会礼仪和吉祥寓意。
45．该段介绍了端午节的食物——粽子，则空处应在引出与粽子这个节日有关的介绍，F项“The tradition of eating zongzi is to make us remember a great poet, Qu Yuan.”解释说明了这一传统习俗的由来，作为段落结尾恰当。
46．peaceful 47．But 48．advice 49．a 50．impolite 51．helps 52．more beautiful 53．after 54．respectfully 55．don’t give
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在中国给他人赠送礼物的相关习俗与注意事项，帮助在华外国人更好地了解并遵守这些文化习惯，避免因不了解传统而造成误会。
【解析】46．句意：他们热爱中国，习惯了平静的日常生活。everyday life是名词短语，前面需要用形容词修饰，peace是名词，其形容词形式是peaceful，意为“平静的、安宁的”。
47．句意：但有时他们也会遇到问题。前文提到他们喜欢中国、习惯了平静的生活，后文说他们会遇到问题，前后存在转折关系，因此用连词But，句首首字母需大写。
48．句意：这里有一些给他们的建议。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，因此此处直接用advice。
49．句意：在中国，当你被邀请去别人家时，带礼物是一种传统习俗。traditional custom是可数名词单数，且traditional以辅音音素开头，因此前面需要加不定冠词a。
50．句意：带数量为“四”的礼物是不礼貌的，因为在中文里它听起来像“死”。根据后文“because it sounds like ‘death’ in Chinese”可知，带数量为四的礼物是不礼貌的，polite的反义词是impolite，意为“不礼貌的”。
51．句意：当你买礼物时，卖家通常会帮你包装礼物。句子的主语是the seller，为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，因此动词help要用第三人称单数形式helps。
52．句意：包装纸会让你的礼物看起来甚至更漂亮。look是感官系动词，后面接形容词作表语。空格前的even常用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级以加强语气，因此beautiful需变为比较级形式more beautiful。
53．句意：他们通常会在晚上或者你离开之后打开礼物。此处引导时间状语从句，表达“在……之后”，用连词after，符合中国收礼后再打开的文化习惯。
54．句意：并且他们会在之后恭敬地打开它。此处修饰动词open，需要用副词形式，respect是名词，其副词形式是respectfully，意为“恭敬地”。
55．句意：如果你有一些同事，不要只给一个人送礼物。这是祈使句的否定形式，结构为“don’t+动词原形”，因此填don’t give。
56．stay 57．wants 58．classes 59．new 60．different 61．bigger 62．But 63．herself 64．meal 65．breakfast
【导语】这篇短文主要讲述了来自俄罗斯的17岁女孩安娜到英国伦敦和布莱克一家居住一年，目的是学习英语。她描述了伦敦的生活与莫斯科的不同，包括商店大小、娱乐消费等方面，还特别提到她无法适应英国的早餐。整体展现了安娜在英国生活的初体验以及不同文化之间的差异。
56．句意：她打算和布莱克一家一起住一年。“stay”有“停留；居住”的意思，stay with sb.表示 “和某人同住、暂住”，在这里表示安娜要住在布莱克家，be going to后接动词原形，故用stay。
57．句意：安娜来到英国是因为她想要学习英语。“want to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“想要做某事”，主语she是第三人称单数，一般现在时，want变为第三人称单数形式wants。这里用“wants”体现安娜来英国的目的是学英语。
58．句意：她帮助布莱克夫人在家里做家务，并且每周三和周五下午去上英语课。“go to English classes”表示“去上英语课”，因为每周有多个时间段的课程，“class”用复数形式“classes”。
59．句意：对她来说一切都是新的。因为安娜刚到伦敦，所以周围的事物对她来说都是新奇的，be动词后接形容词，结合初到伦敦的情景，“new”符合语境。
60．句意：她发现这里的生活和莫斯科的生活不同。“be different from”是固定短语，意为“与……不同”，这里说明伦敦和莫斯科的生活有差异。
61．句意：伦敦的商店比莫斯科的商店更大。than表比较，这里是将伦敦和莫斯科的商店大小进行比较，“big”的比较级是“bigger”，表示“更大的”。
62．句意：但在伦敦尽情玩乐的花费非常高。“but”表示转折，前面说伦敦有些方面不错，这里转折说明在伦敦享受生活花费高。
63．句意：但在伦敦尽情玩乐的花费非常高。“enjoy oneself”是固定短语，意为“玩得开心；过得愉快”，这里用“herself”指代安娜自己，表示她在伦敦享受生活。
64．句意：在餐馆吃一顿饭或者去看电影都很贵。“have a meal”是固定搭配，表示“吃一顿饭”，符合在餐馆吃饭的语境。
65．句意：现在安娜已经习惯了很多事情，但她无法习惯英国的早餐。根据后面安娜说的话“You English eat so much in the morning”可知，这里说的是她不习惯英国的早餐（breakfast）。
66．Because they help us get along well with others and show our respect for different cultures. 67．We should greet them politely. 68．We should stand in line patiently and not push in before others. 69．We should say “please” and “thank you” often. 70．Being kind and respectful.
【导语】本文介绍了礼貌在日常生活中的重要性，并列举了学校、家庭、公共场所等不同场合的礼貌行为。
66．文章第一段“They help us get along well with others and show our respect for different cultures.”，直接说明了礼貌之所以重要，是因为它们能帮助人与人之间和睦相处，并表达对不同文化的尊重。这是原文的直接信息。
67．第二段开头明确提到“In school, we should greet teachers politely…”，因此答案为原文直接提取。
68．第二段中“When waiting for the bus, we should stand in line patiently and not push in before others.”直接说明了等车时应有的行为，属于原文信息。
69．第三段指出“We should say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ often”，答案直接来自原文。
70．最后一段明确写道“the core is the same: being kind and respectful.”，因此这是各国礼貌行为的共同核心，属于原文直接概括。
71．例文
Good Manners in Daily Life
Good manners are very important in life. They show respect and kindness to others. In public, wait in line and keep your voice down. At the table, don’t talk with food in your mouth. When meeting people, say “hello” with a warm smile.
Good manners help build a friendly and harmonious environment. Start with small habits. Say “please” and “thank you” often. Hold the door for others. These simple actions bring positive energy to everyone.
Let’s practice good manners every day and make our world a nicer place to live!
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：说明文（礼仪规范阐述），用一般现在时
明确要点：文明礼仪的具体表现、核心价值、实践建议
确定人称：第一人称（our）和第二人称（your）
注意事项：需包含所有要点，开头已给出，词数80左右，不得出现真实信息
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：总述礼貌的重要性，阐述具体表现（公共场合排队低声说话、餐桌礼仪、见面问候）
主体段：说明礼貌的作用（营造友好和谐的环境）及实践建议（常说“请谢谢”、为他人扶门等小习惯）
结尾段：呼吁每天践行礼貌，让世界更美好
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：礼貌的重要性及具体表现
重要性表达：very important in life/matters a lot in our daily lives等
公共场合：wait in line and keep your voice down/stand in queues and avoid loud noises等
餐桌礼仪：don’t talk with food in your mouth/avoid speaking while chewing等
见面问候：say “hello” with a warm smile/greet others politely and kindly等
要点二：礼貌的作用及实践建议
作用表达：help build a friendly and harmonious environment/create a warm and respectful atmosphere等
实践建议一：say “please” and “thank you” often/use polite expressions frequently等
实践建议二：hold the door for others/open doors for people behind you等
积极影响：bring positive energy to everyone/make both yourself and others feel good等
要点三：呼吁行动
呼吁表达：practice good manners every day/show good manners in daily life等
目标愿景：make our world a nicer place to live/create a better world for everyone等
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