资源简介

(共16张PPT)
Unit 6　课时作业(三)
(分值:37分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.He strained (拉伤) his　　　　 (肌肉) in the match,so he had to withdraw from the competition.
2.Online communication is　　　 　 (简单的),and people like to use funny images to relax the communication atmosphere.
3.She entered the room and　　　　 (斜置) the mirror so as to reflect light from the window.
4.Astronomers use powerful 　　 　　 (望远镜) to study the universe.
muscles
straightforward
angled
telescopes
5.The air is full of millions of　 　　　 (看不见的) germs (细菌),most of which are harmful to humans.
6.You should cover your mouth when you　　　　 (打喷嚏) to prevent the virus from spreading.
7.Success in life often requires a high level of 　　 　　 (自律).
8.Don’t bother to 　　　　(拿来) me the book—I can manage it myself.
invisible
sneeze
self-discipline
fetch
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共6题;每题1.5分,共9分)
1.Many stars overhead are invisible to the 　　　　(nakedly) eye.
2.It is 　　 　　(conceivable) possible that the planet could support life in the future.
3.Scientists study the behaviour of 　　　 　(particle) in order to understand the fundamental laws of nature.
4.While doing research for her new book,she came across a 16th-century French manuscript 　 　　　(consist) of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions.
naked
conceivably
particles
consisting
5.He has come to this point,looking back 　　　　 the past,and having no regrets.
6.With research on the topic increasing,researchers have carried 　　　　 surveys to study people’s sense of well-being.
on/to
out
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.人们常常梦想着完美的生活,但实际上,生活充满了起起落落。(in reality)
People often dream of a perfect life,but in reality,life is full of ups and downs.
2.我们的团队由来自不同部门的成员组成。(be composed of)
Our team is composed of members from different departments.
3.众所周知,身体健康胜过财富。(as it is known)
As it is known,good health is over wealth.
4.人们相信,这将是最重要和最广泛有益的科学进步之一。(It is believed that)
It is believed that this will be one of the most important and widely
beneficial scientific advances.
5.你开车越小心,就会越安全。(the+比较级,the+比较级)
The more carefully you drive,the safer you will be.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　A research has found that Martian (火星的) soil may contain all the essential nutrients necessary for growing rice,planetary scientist Abhilash Ramachandran of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville,reported at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference,providing new possibilities for agriculture on the Red Planet.
The study,conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville,tested simulated Martian soil to determine its suitability for growing rice.The researchers found that the soil contained all the essential nutrients needed for the crop to grow.
However,it would be a bit challenging for the plants to survive in the soil that has perchlorate (高氯酸盐),a chemical that has been detected on Mars’ surface and can be poisonous to plants.
The team grew rice plants in a Martian soil simulant primarily made of Mojave Desert basalt (玄武岩).However,the new-grown plants developed slighter shoots and thinner roots than the plants that grew from the potting mix.Even replacing just 25 per cent of the simulant with a potting mix made a big difference,the team found.
The team of researchers then conducted an experiment to grow rice in soil containing perchlorate.They used a wild rice variety and two gene-edited varieties,which were designed to stand up to environmental stressors such as drought,and tested them in Mars-simulated soil with and without perchlorate.
The study revealed that a concentration of three grams of perchlorate per kilogram of soil resulted in no growth of rice plants.However,when the concentration was reduced to one gram per kilogram,one of the gene-edited lines successfully grew both a shoot and a root,while the wild variety was only able to grow a root.
“We want to send humans to Mars but we cannot take everything there.It’s going to be expensive,” said Ramachandran.The discovery could be a game-changer for future missions to Mars,as it could enable astronauts to grow their own food on the planet,reducing the need for costly and complex resupply missions.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在火星土壤中种植稻米的可能性以及实验的经过。
(　　)1.How did the researchers conduct their study
[A]By asking questions.
[B]By carrying out experiments.
[C]By making a case study.
[D]By referring to former studies.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,研究人员是通过做实验进行研究的。故选B。
(　　)2.The gene-edited variety grows better in one kilogram of soil containing 　　　.
[A]one gram of perchlorate
[B]two grams of perchlorate
[C]three grams of perchlorate
[D]four grams of perchlorate
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第六段的内容可知,经过基因编辑的品种在每千克含有1克高氯酸盐的土壤中生长得更好。故选A。
(　　)3.Why did the researchers want to grow rice on Mars
[A]To find a wonderful way to make money.
[B]To support the growing population on Earth.
[C]To help astronauts feed themselves on Mars.
[D]To enable people to eat new varieties of rice.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知,研究者想要在火星上种植水稻是为了帮助航天员在火星上养活自己。故选C。
(　　)4.What’s the best title for the text
[A]What Should We Grow on Mars
[B]How Did Martian Soil Change over Time
[C]People Are Likely to Live on Mars Years Later
[D]Martian Soil May Have All the Essential Nutrients Rice Needs
D
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段的内容可知,本文主要讲的是火星土壤中可能含有水稻种植所需的所有必要养分。因此D项最适合作文章标题。故选D。(共36张PPT)
Unit 6　课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.In desperation,Mrs Jones submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain.　　　　　　　
2.After thinking for a while,she submitted that this should be allowed.
　　　　　　　
3.The supporters are being shadowed by a large and highly visible body of police.　　　　　　　
(分值:50.5分)
单元知识综合练
被迫接受
认为
跟踪;盯梢
4.If you say that someone is a scream,you think they are very funny.
　　　　　　　
5.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)However,psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories,they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.　　　 　　　　
6.We are planning to take in a show when I am in Beijing.　　　　　　　
可笑的人
作品,(报道、新闻、广播的)篇目
观看
7.Workers demonstrated outside the factory gates,demanding better working conditions and higher wages.　　　　　　　
8.He will succeed his father as the company’s CEO.　　　　　　　
游行示威
接替
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
　　Now,imagine we’re deep space explorers and we’ve found something out in space that is both extremely heavy and very small.This mysterious object would pull so powerfully that nothing inside could escape to the outside.1.　　　 Again imagine we stay in our spaceship at a safe distance and make a movie of this black hole.2.　　　 We would instead see the black hole eat anything that came too close.We get lucky: as we watch,the black hole swallows an entire star!
A
F
Our movie,titled “The black hole eats a star”,gets a million views online.3.　　　 In the movie played backwards,we’d see a very heavy,very small object just sitting there and then,all of a sudden,spit out an entire star! The object we’re looking at now,which spits everything out and eats nothing,would be called a white hole.
G
Are there white holes We have good evidence from our telescopes that black holes do exist.4.　　　 That astronomers think about white holes is because of Albert Einstein.He came up with an excellent idea about gravity. His theory describes how black holes work,with their huge gravitational pull and also says white holes are possible.So could our universe actually make a white hole 5.　　　 Probably not.Something can be “possible” as an idea,but extremely unlikely in real life.
D
E
White holes are unlikely because they are an “in reverse” kind of thing.Time in our universe only flows in one direction: forwards.So for now,white holes are just an interesting possibility.
A.This kind of object is a black hole.
B.Is there a white hole in the universe
C.Now imagine yourself near a black hole.
D.However,we’ve never seen a white hole.
E.And could a black hole become a white hole
F.We’d never see anything escape from the black hole.
G.But now imagine what would happen if we played it in reverse.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了宇宙中是否存在白洞的问题。
1.【答案】 A
【解析】 根据设空处后一句的内容“再想象一下,我们待在宇宙飞船里,在一个安全的距离拍摄这个黑洞的电影”可知,设空处会提到“黑洞”,与空后的“this black hole”相呼应。根据空前对这个物体的介绍和常识并结合选项可知,A项符合语境。故选A。
2.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据设空处后文的内容“相反,我们会看到黑洞吞噬任何靠得太近的东西。我们很幸运:当我们观察时,黑洞吞噬了一整个恒星!”可知,空后的instead是解题的关键,空后说的是我们会看到什么,推测设空处会说我们不会看到什么。结合选项可知F项符合语境,故选F。
3.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据设空处后一句的“In the movie played backwards”可知,后文讲述了倒放的电影的内容,G项承接前文提到的电影,同时引出后文对倒放电影的介绍,承上启下,符合语境。故选G。
4.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据设空处前文的内容“有白洞吗 我们的望远镜有充分的证据表明黑洞确实存在”及设空处后文的“That astronomers think about white holes is because of Albert Einstein.”,尤其是其中的“think about white holes”可知,设空处会提到白洞。D项说明白洞存在的情况,与前文形成转折关系,符合语境。故选D。
5.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据设空处的前一句以及后文“可能不会。有些事情作为想法可能是‘可能的’,但在现实生活中却极不可能”并结合选项可知,E项符合语境,是一个针对白洞的设问句,与前一句并列,后文是对这两个问题的回答。故选E。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
　　Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2,000 years ago.The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make 　1　 during festivals.Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it.The Chinese 　2　 that the gunpowder escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.The idea of the rocket was 　3　.
The first　4　 use of rockets was in the late Tang Dynasty.The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.During the 　5　 of Kaifeng,the Song army 　6　 “arrows of flying fire”.The tubes were 　7　 to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.　8　 the Mongolian army learnt how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they 　9　 them to Europe.Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were many rocket 　10　 in England,France and Italy.They were used for military purposes.One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy 　11　.
Not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.Wan Hu,a Chinese government official in the Ming Dynasty,invented a 　12　 chair.He attached two big kites to the chair,and 47 self-made rockets to the kites.The rockets were lit,and there was a huge explosion and 　13　 of thick smoke. When the smoke 　14　Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared and no one knew what had happened.Did Wan Hu die in the explosion Or was he carried miles into space,becoming the world’s first 　15　 No one knows.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了火箭可能是大约2 000 年前被中国人偶然发明的,并且介绍了不同国家发明火箭的尝试。
(　　)1.
C
【解析】 根据句意可知,中国人有一种装在竹筒里的火药,在节日期间被扔进火里制造爆炸(explosions)。故选C。
[A]cuisines [B]decorations
[C]explosions [D]differences
(　　)2.
B
【解析】 根据句意可知,中国人发现(discovered)从管子中溢出的火药可以把管子送到空中。故选B。
[A]thought [B]discovered
[C]understood [D]decided
(　　)3.
A
【解析】 根据句意可知,关于火箭的想法就诞生(born)了。故选 A。
[A]born [B]burst
[C]found [D]improved
(　　)4.
C
【解析】 根据句意及历史知识可知,火箭第一次在军事上的(military)使用是在唐朝末年。故选C。
[A]political [B]official
[C]military [D]scientific
(　　)5.
D
[A]occupation [B]attack
[C]search [D]battle
【解析】 根据文章的意思,此处指的是开封战役(battle)。故选D。
(　　)6.
B
【解析】 根据语境可知,在开封战役中,宋军射出(shot)了“飞火之箭”。
[A]lifted [B]shot
[C]exploded [D]flied
(　　)7.
A
【解析】 根据句意可知,这些管子被连接(attached)在一根长杆上,这根长杆帮助火箭保持直线移动。故选A。
[A]attached [B]shaken
[C]wrapped [D]blown
(　　)8.
C
【解析】 根据句子的意思,此处表示“很快,不久之后”,所以要用soon。故
选C。
[A]Finally [B]Suddenly
[C]Soon [D]Thus
(　　)9.
D
【解析】 根据句意可知,很快,蒙古军队学会了如何自己制造火箭,有可能是他们把火箭引入(introduced)了欧洲。
[A]delivered [B]threw
[C]passed [D]introduced
(　　)10.
C
【解析】 根据句意及历史知识可知,在13世纪到15世纪期间,英国、法国和意大利进行了多次火箭实验(experiments)。故选C。
[A]transformations
[B]performances
[C]experiments
[D]exhibitions
(　　)11.
D
【解析】 根据句意及常识可知,一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以在水面上飞行并击中敌舰(ship)的火箭。故选D。
[A]house [B]cart
[C]horse [D]ship
(　　)12.
A
【解析】 根据句意及历史知识可知,万户发明了一把飞(flying)椅。故选A。
[A]flying [B]diving
[C]surfing [D]blowing
(　　)13.
B
【解析】 根据语境及常识可知,火箭被点燃,发生了巨大的爆炸声,浓烟滚滚(clouds of thick smoke)。故选B。
[A]packs [B]clouds
[C]masses [D]bunches
(　　)14.
C
【解析】 根据句意可知,当烟雾消散(cleared)时,万户和他的椅子消失了,没人知道发生了什么。故选C。
[A]faded [B]completed
[C]cleared [D]reflected
(　　)15.
C
【解析】 根据语境及句意可知,此处是问“还是他被带到了数英里外的太空,成了世界上第一位航天员(astronaut)” 。故选C。
[A]scientist [B]researcher
[C]astronaut [D]explorer
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是航天员李华,请根据下面的提示用英语写一篇关于在太空中刮胡子的日志。
1.每天当我使用电动剃须刀刮脸时,必须十分小心,以防胡子渣从剃须刀边漏出来;
2.太空舱本来就十分狭小,环保问题显得更为重要。如果细小的胡子渣飘在太空舱里,清理起来会十分困难。因此无论男女航天员,在进入太空舱之前都要把头发理得短一些;
3.刮胡子是我在太空中最不喜欢做的事情。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词语:胡子渣beard residue、太空舱capsule。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
It is not easy for an astronaut to shave in space.
Every day when I shave with an electric razor,I have to be very careful to prevent the beard residue from leaking through the edge of the razor.As the capsule is very small,environmental protection issues are of greater importance.It can be very difficult to clean up if the beard residue is floating around in the capsule.So both men and women had their hair cut shorter before they entered the capsule.
Shaving is the last thing I like to do in space.(共67张PPT)
Developing ideas,Presenting ideas,
Reflection
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　 n.望远镜
2. v.斜置
3. adj.简单的
4. n.自我约束,自律
5. v.(去)拿来
6. v.打喷嚏
写作词汇
telescope
angle
straightforward
self-discipline
fetch
sneeze
1.galaxy n.
2.cosmic adj.
3.subatomic adj.
4.particle n.
5.muscle n.
6.pepper n.
7.disc n.
阅读词汇
星系
宇宙的
亚原子的;原子内的
粒子
肌肉
胡椒粉
激光唱片;光碟,光盘
拓展词汇
1. adv.可以相信地;可想象地→conceivable adj.可以相信的;可想象的→conceive v.想象;构思;设想
2. adj.看不见的→visible adj.明显的;看得见的→invisibly adv.无形地;看不见地→invisibility n.看不见(的东西)
conceivably
invisible
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.in reality　　　　　
2.be engaged in
3.as it is known
4.be composed of
5.at the edge of
6.look back at/on
7.be close to
事实上,实际上
忙于;从事于;参与
众所周知
由……组成
在……的边界
回看
接近
重点句型
1. ,people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.(现在分词的否定形式作状语)
古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么,所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。
2.The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own,
.(独立主格结构)
每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球,其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。
Not knowing what the stars were
many of them even
having their own moons
3.Soon, the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.(固定句型“it was +过去分词+ that...”)
很快,我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。
4. ,many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.(动词不定式作目的状语)
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙,很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。
it was understood that
To see even further into the universe
5. how much remains unknown.(the+比较级……,the+比较级……)
我们知道的越多,就越感到自己的无知;我们越是感到有很多东西仍是未知的。
The more we know,the more we feel our ignorance;the more we feel
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——望远镜的发展及其对人类太空史的重大影响
2.语篇类型:科普类论说文
3.课文内容分析:课文介绍了望远镜的发展及其对人类太空史的重大影响,指出人类对太空的探索只是刚刚起步,还有很多太空之谜等待着人类去探索。阅读本文有利于培养学生探索求真的精神,激发学生探索宇宙的好奇心与兴趣,培养学生科学求知的思维品质。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
endless
changed
universe
powerful
space telescopes
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.How is the passage organised
[A]By the order of time. [B]By the order of space.
[C]By giving examples. [D]By listing numbers.
(　　)2.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
[A]There is no need to explore the early universe.
[B]We humans have explored the universe for the most part.
[C]We have seen stars and galaxies billions of light years away.
[D]Larger radio telescopes will do more to help us to explore the universe.
C
D
(　　)3.What’s the main idea of the passage
[A]Ancient people’s knowledge about space is limited.
[B]The universe is far larger than people once imagined.
[C]Humans will conquer the universe in the near future.
[D]People will know about the universe with larger telescopes.
D
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.engage v.参加;参与;雇用;聘请
·engaged adj.忙于;从事于;已订婚的
·engagement n.订婚;约会
[教材原句] To see even further into the universe,many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙,很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。
[例] A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those who are not.
一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更快乐。
[例] She was so deeply engaged in cleaning the messy room that she didn’t notice her mother standing at the door.
她全神贯注地打扫杂乱的房间,以至于没有注意到母亲站在门口。
归纳拓展
·engage in参与……;参加……
engage sb to do sth聘请某人做某事
engage oneself in sth=be engaged in sth忙于……;从事……
·be engaged to与……订婚
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
My cousin is engaged 　　　　 a kind-hearted man and they plan to get married next spring.
I was totally 　 　　　(engage) in my study and didn’t notice it was very dark outside.
许多学生积极投入图书馆志愿工作。(engage oneself in sth)
to
engaged
Many students engage themselves in volunteering at the library.
2.compose v.组成;作曲;撰写;使镇静
·composer n.作曲家;创作者
·composition n.构成;作曲;作品
[教材原句] The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”,as it is known,is being used in the search for dark matter,thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
众所周知,这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径的巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为是由亚原子粒子组成的,一般的望远镜是观测不到的。
[例] (应用文写作之演讲稿)Life is composed of many elements,such as family,friends,study,work,entertainment and so on.
生活是由家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等诸多元素组成的。
be composed of=be made up of=consist of
=be comprised of由……组成/构成
[例] (读后续写之环境描写)The forest is composed of tall trees,thick bushes, and a soft carpet of fallen leaves,creating a peaceful and mysterious atmosphere.
这片森林由高大的树木、茂密的灌木丛以及一层落叶铺成的柔软地毯组成,营造出宁静而神秘的氛围。
be composed of=be made up of=consist of
=be comprised of由……组成/构成
归纳拓展
compose a letter/speech/poem撰写书信/演讲稿/诗歌
compose oneself使自己镇静下来
be composed of=be made up of=consist of=be comprised of由……组成/构成
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之人物介绍)He deserves his fame as one of the most popular
　　 　　(compose) in Western musical history.
The musical 　　 　　(compose) features a unique blend of traditional and modern elements.
You know that the team
　　　　　　 　(由……组成) ten highly-skilled players.
composers
composition
is composed of/is comprised of/is made up of/
consists of
3.allow vt.允许
[教材原句] The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space.
哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。
[例] (2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.
医生需要不断实践医术,律师需要持续精进法律实务,而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。
[例] —Let’s ride our skateboards here.
——我们在这里滑滑板吧。
—Sorry,the school doesn’t allow skateboarding on the playground.
——不好意思,学校不允许在操场上滑滑板。
allow doing sth允许做某事
归纳拓展
allow doing sth允许做某事
allow sb/sth to do sth允许某人/某物做某事
allow for sb/sth考虑到某人/某事物
allow sb in/out允许某人进入/出去
allow接动名词作宾语,接动词不定式作宾补,类似用法的动词还有advise、permit、forbid等。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
We don’t allow 　　　 　(speak) loudly in the library.
My parents allow me 　　　　(play) football for an hour on weekends.
It will take about an hour to get there,　　　　　　　　　　　　(考虑到交通阻塞).
speaking
to play
allowing for traffic jams
4.remain v.停留,留下;留待,尚待;仍然是
·remaining adj.剩下的,剩余的
·remains n.古迹;遗迹;遗骸;残余物
[教材原句] So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
宇宙还有很多的未知领域,我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
[例] (2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. 自1189年以来,赫里福德一直是一个热闹的集镇。
[例] It is reported that several points remain to be settled after the discussion.
据报道,讨论之后仍有几个问题有待解决。
remain to be done尚待被做
归纳拓展
remain to be done尚待被做
remain standing/silent/seated/motionless
保持站立/沉默/坐姿/一动不动
the fact remains (that)...事实是……
remaining与left均表示“剩下的”,前者常用作前置定语,而后者则常用作后置定语。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
I bought a souvenir for her with the 　　 　　 (remain) money.
=I bought a souvenir for her with the money 　　　　 (leave).
On the table were the 　　 　　 (remain) of the evening meal.
Many questions have to be settled and much remains 　 　　　 (do) in our educational work.
remaining
left
remains
to be done
长难句分析
Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky,increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable.
尝试分析:本句是一个复合句。 是when引导的时间状语从句。“increasing...and enabling...”为并列的现在分词短语作状语; 是由as引导的方式状语从句, 是由that引导的宾语从句。
自主翻译:当第一台望远镜对准夜空时,我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化,它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力,而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。
[语境运用] 情境写作
当我们到达山顶时,三个小时过去了,正如预期的那样,我们上气不接下气,但使我们也能够看到之前从未见过的美丽景色。
Three hours passed when we reached the top of the mountain,making as it was expected us out of breath but enabling us to see the beautiful scene that we never saw before.
写作微专题6
Writing a journal entry about living in space
文本解读
1.文体类型:太空生活日志,属于记叙文范畴。
2.要点内容:说明在太空中航天员的日常生活问题以及该如何解决。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.太空生活日志首段常用句式。
It’s a great honour for me to be chosen as...
I couldn’t help looking through the window into space.
You can’t imagine how excited I was!
Today,I found myself into space,with countless mysteries waiting to be discovered.
2.太空生活日志中段常用句式。
The astronauts told me that we were still in the sky.
The thing I paid attention to was...
Sitting in the capsule,we imagined how amazing it would be to...
Making scientific experiments in the zero gravity environment is both challenging and exciting.
3.太空生活日志尾段常用句式。
As far as I’m concerned,I realised that...
The experience helps stimulate our enthusiasm for learning science and...
Looking back on the days spent in space,every moment has been filled with wonder and discovery.
I am excited to share these extraordinary stories with the world and hope that they will inspire others to reach for the stars.
佳作建构
假设你是李华,对太空探索非常感兴趣,并在今年暑假有幸参加了太空旅行。请你就旅行过程中如何解决失重条件下吃饭困难的问题用英语写一篇太空生活日志。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　 n.太空
2.　　　　　　　　 n.重力
3.　　　　　　　　 外太空
4.　　　　　　　　 adj.弱的
5.　　　　　　　　 面临
space
gravity
outer space
weak
be faced with
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.暑假期间我去了太空旅行。
I 　　　　　　　　　 　　　 during the summer holiday.
2.起初,我面临一个问题。
At first,I 　 .
3.在外太空,重力很弱。
In outer space,　 .
4.食物飘走了。
The food 　 　　　　　　.
went to travel in space
was faced with a problem
the gravity was very weak
floated away
5.我必须确保它是液态的。
I had to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
6.因此,它可以被放在吸管里,然后我能够更容易地吮吸。
As a result,it could be put in a straw and then I
　 .
7.就我而言,这个问题可以用这种方式被解决。
　 ,the problem　 .
8.在太空中旅行是一次难忘的经历,我期待下一次机会!
Travelling in space 　 　 　　,and I
　 　　 　　　　　　!
make sure it was in liquid form
was able to suck it more
easily
As far as I’m concerned
could be solved in this way
was an unforgettable experience
am looking forward to another chance
亮点提升
1.将第3句和第4句用“so...that...”进行改写升级。
In outer space,the gravity was so weak that the food floated away.
2.将第7句用“only+状语”进行改写升级。
As far as I’m concerned,only in this way could the problem be solved.
范文展示
I went to travel in space during the summer holiday.
At first,I was faced with a problem.In outer space,the gravity was so weak that the food floated away.I had to make sure it was in liquid form.As a result,it could be put in a straw and then I was able to suck it more easily.As far as I’m concerned,only in this way could the problem be solved.
Travelling in space was an unforgettable experience,and I am looking forward to another chance!
写作练习
假设你是李华,有幸参加了一个太空旅行项目,并且已经在太空生活了几天。请你用英语写一篇日志,向地球上的朋友们简单介绍你在太空第一天的生活场景,包括吃饭、锻炼以及睡觉等几个方面。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
写作指导
　　One possible version:
I’m so excited to share my first day in space with you! There being nearly no gravity,the most straightforward daily tasks on Earth can be very difficult in space.
After getting up,I began to have breakfast,which consisted of some bread and a bag of fruit juice.I had to fetch a straw to drink the juice, otherwise it would float around in the spacecraft.
Having worked for two hours,I needed to walk out for some time to keep my muscles strong.I tied my feet to a special machine so that I wouldn’t float away.When it was time to go to bed,I got into a sleeping bag and tied it to the wall.I think I must have looked like a big sausage.It is so funny,isn’t it
Living in space is rather difficult but fun.I enjoy it very much.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后 续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 相关词语 rekindle v.重新激起,重新唤起　thrill v.使激动　cherish v.珍视　delight v.使高兴　excitement n.兴奋　aspiration n.渴望　inspired adj.受到鼓舞的　fulfilled adj.有成就感的
动作描写 相关词语 scream v.(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫　fetch v.(去)拿来　promote v.推动　achieve v.取得　succeed v.成功　find out弄清楚,查明　work out 计算出　set out to explore 开始探索　set foot on 进入　contribute to对……有贡献
心理描写 相关词语 unexceptional adj.平常的　hazardous adj.危险的,不安全的　tragically adv.悲惨地,不幸地　awesome adj.很好的　straightforward adj.简单的　significant adj.重要的,意义重大的　become accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事　one’s heart in one’s mouth某人的心提到嗓子眼
环境描写 相关词语 lifelike adj.(图画、模型等)生动的,逼真的　increasingly adv.越来越多地,不断增加地　floating adj.漂浮的　twinkling adj.闪烁的　galaxy n.星系　cosmic rays 宇宙射线　zero gravity零重力　celestial body天体
读后 续写 微技能之“线” Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets,their hearts in their mouths,aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was,and of the many things that could go wrong.(情感描写)
With Armstrong’s now famous words “That’s one small step for man,one giant leap for mankind”,what had once been considered impossible had now been achieved.(引用)
How wrong they had been!Instantaneously,excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure.(情感描写)
读后 续写 微技能之“面”
读后续写——实现太空游之梦
从小我就怀揣着太空旅行的梦想。一部关于星系的逼真纪录片重新点燃了我的梦想。受漂浮的恒星和神秘行星的启发,我开始了探索这个浩瀚宇宙的征程。道路是危险的,但我已习惯了这些挑战。终于,我能踏上宇宙飞船的那一天来临了。当飞船起飞时,我紧张极了,心都提到了嗓子眼。经过漫长的旅程,我抵达了外太空。我亲眼看到了星系。我实现了自己的梦想,感到无比满足。这次成功将激励我在未来追求更多成就。
Since I was young,I have cherished a dream of space travel.My dream
1.　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 about the galaxy.Inspired by the floating stars and mysterious planets,I 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 this vast universe.The path was hazardous,but I 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the challenges.Finally,the day arrived when I could 4.　　　　　　　　 the spaceship.When the spaceship 5.　　　　　　 　,I was extremely nervous,
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　.After a long journey,I reached outer space.I saw the galaxies with my own eyes.I 7.　　　　　　　　　　　　 and felt completely fulfilled.This success would 8.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 more achievements in the future.
was rekindled by a lifelike documentary
set out on a journey to explore
became accustomed to
set foot on
took off
my heart in my mouth
achieved my dream
promote me to pursue
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.hazardous adj.危险的,不安全的→ n.危险;危害 v.冒……的风险
2.unexceptional adj.平常的→ adj.异常的;杰出的→
adv.极其,非常;例外地→ n.例外;异议
3.tragically adv.悲惨地,不幸地→ adj.悲剧的;悲惨的→ n.灾难;悲剧
4.instantaneously adv.瞬间地→ adj.瞬间的→ n.瞬间;片刻 adj.立即的
hazard
exceptional
exceptionally
exception
tragic
tragedy
instantaneous
instant
5.suspend v.暂停,中止→ n.暂停,中止
6.simulated adj.模仿的,模拟的,仿真的→ v.(用计算机或模型等)模拟,模仿→ n.(用于人员训练的) 模拟装置,模拟器
7.submit v.提交→ n.提交;呈递;归顺;屈服;投降
8.conceivably adv.可以相信地;可想象地→ adj.可以相信的;可想象的→ v.想象;构思;设想
9.invisible adj.看不见的→ adj.明显的;看得见的→ adv.无形地;看不见地→ n.看不见(的东西)
suspension
simulate
simulator
submission
conceivable
conceive
visible
invisibly
invisibility
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　 踏上……
2. 习惯于(做)某事
3. 某人的心提到了嗓子眼
4. 起飞;脱掉;(使)离开;突然成功
5. 给……蒙上阴影
6. 忙于;从事于;参与
7. 由……组成
8. 回看
set foot on
become accustomed to (doing) sth
one’s heart in one’s mouth
take off
cast a shadow on
be engaged in
be composed of
look back at/on
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.with复合结构;情态动词+完成式
(当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时),she (或许已经激发) an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
句式仿写
(台下观众的注意力都集中在她身上),she (可能已经会) so nervous and at a loss.
With the eyes of students across the nation upon her
might have inspired
With the attention of the audience off the stage to her
might have been
2.固定句型It has been+时间段+since...
(至今已有30多年)the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short,they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration,such as Gagarin,
Tereshkova,Armstrong and Yang Liwei.
句式仿写
(自从公司推出这款产品以来已经一年多了),which has constantly met the ever-changing market demands.
It has now been over 30 years since
It has been over a year since the company launched the product
3.现在分词短语作状语;that引导宾语从句;no matter how引导让步状语从句
The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us,
(提醒着我们持之以恒地去探索),
(不管星空看起来多么遥不可及).
句式仿写
(每天沿着街道散步时),I realise
(我总能发现新的东西),
(无论这条路线看起来多么熟悉).
reminding us that we must continue
to reach for the stars
no matter how
distant they might seem
Walking along the street every day
that I
can always find something new
no matter how
familiar the route seems
4.现在分词的否定形式作状语
(并不知道星星到底是什么),people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
句式仿写
(因为没被邀请参加派对),he felt a bit disappointed.
Not knowing what the stars were
Not being invited to the party
5.固定句型“it was+过去分词+that...”
Soon, (我们明白) the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
句式仿写
(大家都知道) the meeting would start at 9 a.m.
sharp,so everyone arrived on time.
it was understood that
It was understood that(共18张PPT)
Unit 6　课时作业(一)
(分值:43分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.In the future,space travel will become 　　　 　(平常的) to the public.
2.The pain was so bad that she wanted to 　　 　　(尖声大叫),but she endured it eventually.
3.The captain cares about the safety of both the 　　 　　(全体机组人员) and the passengers.
4.Last month,the school 　　　 　(中止) classes for a week because of the severe weather.
unexceptional
scream
crew
suspended
5.He blew hard on the ashes to 　　　 　(重新激起) the fire.
6.The beautiful old temple was 　　　 　(悲惨地) destroyed by the big earthquake.
7.Please 　 　　　(提交) your assignment to the teacher before the deadline.
8.The view from the top of the mountain was absolutely 　 　　　(很好的)!
rekindle
tragically
submit
awesome
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.　　　 　 (accustom) to going outside for a walk in the morning,the old man woke up early.
2.The engineers used a flight 　　　 　(simulate) to test the new aircraft’s performance.
3.The report calls for a ban on the import of 　　 　　(hazard) waste.
4.I think we’ll see more and more products created 　　　　(instantaneous).
Accustomed
simulator
hazardous
instantaneously
5.Don’t let appearance cast a shadow 　　　 　 our confidence and we should learn to accept and love who we are.
6.The exhibits in the museum bear witness 　　 　 agricultural civilisation of Egypt.
7.“Mars Day” offers many children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot 　　　　 within their lifetime.
8.Zhang Sanfeng was said 　　 　　(invent) tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird.
on/over
to
on
to have invented
9.Bring an extra pencil with you in case something 　　　　(go) wrong with this one during the exam.
10.The writer is famous now,but his career really took 　　　　 only after his many years’ hard work.
goes
off
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.这里夏天热,冬天冷,但你很快就会习惯这种气候。(become accustomed to)
2.那次可怕的事故给她后来的生活蒙上了阴影。(cast a shadow on)
It is hot in summer and cold in winter here,but you will become accustomed
to the climate soon.
The terrible accident cast a shadow on her later life.
3.外边突然一声巨响,我吓得要死,心都提到嗓子眼儿了。(one’s heart in one’s mouth)
There was a sudden loud noise outside,and I was frightened to death,my
heart in my mouth.
4.既然我们意识到人类活动对环境的影响,那么是时候采取有效措施来改善环境了。(be aware of)
Now that we are aware of the effects of humans’ activities on the
environment,it’s time for us to take effective measures to improve it.
5.你如何激励你的学生们,使他们尽最大努力呢 (inspire sb to do sth)
How do you inspire your students to do their best
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　There are more than 28,000 routinely tracked objects orbiting Earth. The debris (残骸) is dominated by fragments from about 560 known breakups,explosions,and collisions of satellites or rocket bodies.Today’s already active satellite infrastructure (基础设施) provides a multitude of critical services for modern society.Its loss would severely damage modern society.
Furthermore,a new era in space has just started,driven by commercial,low latency broadband services that rely on large constellations of satellites in low Earth orbit.These will revolutionise connectivity on the ground and in the air.However,they will also increase space traffic.Congestion(阻塞) in space is only going to get worse.
The debris decrease strategies defined two decades ago by experts in the world’s leading space agencies aim to prevent explosive breakups by releasing remaining energy from space systems at the end of their missions,and to “get rid of” a space object.Although these strategies are widely recognised,dozens of large space objects are still left every year in critical orbital regions.
Progress can be made by advancing technology to ensure spaceflight safety.For example,the European Space Agency’s Space Safety Programme is developing solutions that make disposal and energy passivation actions more fail-safe (自动防故障装置的).“Deorbiting kits” will provide remaining energy and communication to ensure disposal of a spacecraft even after it stops working.A new field of “design-to-demise” will aim to replace critical components with less heat-resistant materials.An internationally binding (有约束力的) system for the management of debris and space traffic is hanging.Thus far,space missions have been supervised on the national level only,and states have been encouraged to translate the non-binding space debris guidelines into national regulations.
Furthermore,the implementation of space debris decrease requirements should be tracked,following internationally binding principles.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了伴随着人类对宇宙探索的不断增多,卫星和航天飞机的残骸和碎片给宇宙环境和轨道安全带来了影响。本文针对如何应对这些棘手的问题,也给出了一些可行的解决方法。
(　　)1.What will make the traffic jam in space severer
[A]The space agency.
[B]Satellite groups.
[C]Broadband services.
[D]Revolutionary connectivity.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段尤其是最后两句可知,大量的卫星也会增加太空交通流量。太空阻塞只会变得更糟。由此可知,大量的卫星会使太空中的交通拥堵更严重。故选B。
(　　)2.Why did the experts make the strategies mentioned in Paragraph 3
[A]To end the mission in the space system.
[B]To stop the objects from exploding in space.
[C]To make the objects re-enter the atmosphere.
[D]To keep the objects in the critical orbital regions.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,20年前,世界主要航天机构的专家制订了减少碎片的策略,力求通过在太空系统任务结束时释放其剩余能量来防止爆炸性解体,并除去太空物体。由此可知,专家提出该策略是为了阻止物体在太空中爆炸,也是为了清理太空物体。故选B。
(　　)3.Which statement could the author agree with
[A]Every country must have its own guidelines.
[B]The international principle has been widely recognised.
[C]Information about the space mission should not be shared.
[D]Less heat-resistant materials for spacecraft should be used.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A new field of...heat-resistant materials.”可知,作者认为航天器应使用耐热性较低的材料。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the main purpose of the text
[A]To introduce the satellite infrastructure.
[B]To call on people to focus on the internationally binding system.
[C]To convey some helpful solutions to congestion in space.
[D]To explain why low latency broadband services increase space traffic.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据全文可知,文章先介绍了宇宙交通拥堵问题的成因和严重性,又介绍了一些可行的解决方法。由此可推知,作者的主要目的是针对太空拥堵问题提出一些解决方案。故选C。(共97张PPT)
Unit 6　
Space and beyond
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　The modern notion of space travel is both fascinating and hazardous.We can’t believe how a space shuttle flies through space.However,all astronauts must become accustomed to the situation and stay on guard at all times.Cosmic rays,which are invisible to the naked eye,bring a real threat to the astronauts.An unexpected encounter could instantaneously put the mission at risk.In vast galaxies,a straightforward operation can get complicated.So,with lifelike simulations,astronauts train hard,but the reality of space is still full of the unknowns,waiting to be explored with caution.
太空旅行的现代概念既迷人又危险。我们无法相信航天飞机是如何在太空中飞行的。然而,所有航天员都必须习惯这种情况,并时刻保持警惕。肉眼看不见的宇宙射线给航天员带来一个真正的威胁。一次意想不到的遭遇可能会瞬间使任务处于危险之中。在巨大的星系中,一次简单的操作会变得复杂。因此,在逼真的模拟中,航天员们努力训练,但现实的太空仍然充满未知,等待着人们谨慎探索。
Starting out,Understanding ideas,
Using language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. 　　 n.坏影响,阴影
2. v.(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
3. n.(飞机上的)全体机组人员
4. adj.很好的,了不起的
shadow
scream
crew
awesome
1.notion　　　n.
2.shuttle n.
3.excursion n.
4.rekindle v.
5.lifelike adj.
阅读词汇
概念;观点;看法
航天飞机
(有特定目的的)短途出行
重新激起,重新唤起
(图画、模型等)生动的,逼真的
拓展词汇
1. adj.危险的,不安全的→hazard n.危险;危害v.冒……的风险
2. adj.平常的→exceptional adj.异常的;杰出的→
exceptionally adv.极其,非常;例外地→exception n.例外;异议
3. adv.悲惨地,不幸地→tragic adj.悲剧的;悲惨的→tragedy n.灾难;悲剧
4. adv.瞬间地→instantaneous adj.瞬间的→instant n.瞬间;片刻 adj.立即的
hazardous
unexceptional
tragically
instantaneously
5. v.暂停,中止→suspension n.暂停,中止
6. adj.模仿的,模拟的,仿真的→simulate v.(用计算机或模型等)模拟,模仿→simulator n.(用于人员训练的) 模拟装置,模拟器
7. v.提交→submission n.提交;呈递;归顺;屈服;投降
suspend
simulated
submit
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.become accustomed to 　
(doing) sth
2.cast a shadow on
3.sign up for
4.make the most of
5.set foot on
习惯于(做)某事
给……蒙上阴影
报名参加
充分利用
踏上……
6.one’s heart in one’s
mouth
7.take off
某人的心提到了嗓子眼
起飞;脱掉;(使)离开;突然成功
重点句型
1.Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, ,aware of
,and of the many things that could go wrong.(独立主格结构;how引导宾语从句)
数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月,为此激动得心都跳到了嗓子眼儿,因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务,许多地方都可能出错。
their hearts in their mouths
how arduous and hazardous
an undertaking it was
2. ,space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, .(现在分词短语作状语;as引导时间状语从句)
登月后,随着新事物接连出现,宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。
3. ,she
an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists. (with复合结构;情态动词+完成式)
当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时,她或许能激发他们成为新一代航天员和太空科学家的理想。
Following the Moon landings
as innovations succeeded each other
With the eyes of students across the nation upon her
might have
inspired
4. the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short,they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration,such as Gagarin,Tereshkova,
Armstrong and Yang Liwei. (固定句型It has been +时间段+since...)
“挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的机组人员英年早 逝,但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟等进行太空探索的英雄们一道,都在历史上占有一席之地。
It has now been over 30 years since
5.The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us,
, .
(现在分词短语作状语;that引导宾语从句;no matter how引导让步状语从句)
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们,不管星空看起来多么遥不可及,我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
reminding us that we must
continue to reach for the stars
no matter how distant they might seem
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——探索宇宙奥秘——“挑战者”号航天飞机的空难事件及其对人类航天史的重要意义
2.语篇类型:论说文
3.课文内容分析:课文讲述了“挑战者”号航天飞机失事的前后经过。这次失败给美国的太空探索计划和民众的心理都造成了巨大的影响,尽管如此,依旧阻挡不了人们探索太空的脚步和决心。阅读本文有利于学生了解人类探索太空过程中的重大事件,激发学生探索宇宙的好奇心与兴趣,培养学生面对挫折与困难不轻言放弃的意志品质。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
become accustomed to
took off
cast a shadow on
suspended
calls to
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What do we know about the first lunar landing
[A]It was a great success.
[B]People were not excited about it.
[C]It took off in Kennedy Space Centre.
[D]People were accustomed to the idea of space travel.
A
(　　)2.Why did people feel shocked after the Challenger exploded
[A]Because the Challenger had never failed before.
[B]Because the Challenger was the safest space shuttle at that time.
[C]Because that flight was generally thought safer than flying in an aeroplane.
[D]Because this space flight was thought as safe as travelling in an aeroplane.
D
(　　)3.What’s the biggest influence of the Challenger’s failure
[A]Space shuttle flights were suspended for several years.
[B]Many scientists were involved in investigating the disaster.
[C]People lost confidence in the space shuttle.
[D]Many people were sent to rescue survivors.
A
(　　)4.What can we infer from this passage
[A]The space isn’t worth exploring.
[B]We will continue to explore the space.
[C]No one wants to travel into space again.
[D]Space flights are not so dangerous as before.
B
(　　)5.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the article
[A]To warn us not to concentrate on space any more.
[B]To tell us the world had lost its wonder into space.
[C]To inform us how the Challenger exploded after it took off.
[D]To call on us to continue to explore the space however difficult it will be.
D
二次开发·深研课文
▲
After Apollo 11 successfully 1.　　　 　 (land) on the Moon,people seemed to have become 2.　　 　　 (accustom) to the notion of space travel.But when the Challenger space shuttle was sent up 3.　 　 28 January 1986,millions of people tuned in to witness its take-off on TV.It was special because an ordinary teacher planned to give two lessons from orbit 4.　　 　　 (rekindle) interest in the space programme.
5.　　 　　 (tragic),the shuttle exploded just over a minute after
6.　　 (it) take-off and all seven astronauts on board 7.　　 　　 (kill).
landed
accustomed
on
to rekindle
Tragically
its
were killed
The whole world was shocked at the 8.　　　　 (lose) of it.As a result,
space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years,9.　　 manned flights never stopped.On 29 September 1988,the Discovery was successfully launched into space.In reality,humans have been trying to reach for the stars,no matter 10.　　　　 distant they might seem.
loss
but
how
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.accustom vt.使习惯于
·accustomed adj.习惯的;惯常的
[教材原句] Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969,people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来,人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。
[例]He has accustomed himself to adopting perspective in his painting.
他已习惯于在绘画中采用透视法。
[例](读后续写之心理描写)Accustomed to the support of his family,he suddenly felt lost when he had to face the problem alone.
习惯了家人的支持,当他不得不独自面对这个问题时,他突然感到很迷茫。
accustom oneself/sb to (doing) sth使自己/某人习惯于(做)某事
归纳拓展
·become/get/be accustomed to (doing) sth=become/get/be used to (doing) sth习惯于(做)某事
·accustom oneself/sb to (doing) sth使自己/某人习惯于(做)
某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
My grandpa is accustomed to 　　　　 (live) alone,so he is unwilling to stay with us.
　　 　　 (accustom) to living in the countryside,Mr King found it hard to suspend this life and live in the city.
我花了一段时间才使自己习惯了新的工作时间表。
It took me a while to 　　　　　　　　　 　 the new work schedule.
living
Accustomed
accustom myself to
2.aware adj.知道的;意识到的
·unaware adj.不知道的;未意识到的
·awareness n.认识;意识
[教材原句] Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets,their hearts in their mouths,aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was,and of the many things that could go wrong.
数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月,为此激动得心都跳到了嗓子眼儿,因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务,许多地方都可能出错。
[例](应用文写作之建议信)It is crucial that you become more aware of the potential risks involved in this project before making any decisions.
在做任何决定之前,更加清楚地认识到这个项目中潜在的风险是很关键的。
[例](应用文写作之演讲稿)Only when the public’s awareness of environmental protection is enhanced can we hope to create a sustainable future for generations to come.
只有当公众的环保认识提高时,我们才有希望为子孙后代创造一个可持续的未来。
be/become aware of/that意识到……
归纳拓展
·be/become aware of/that意识到……
as far as I’m aware据我所知
·raise one’s awareness of/about sth提高某人对某事物的认识
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句型转换
Schools play a crucial role in training students’ 　　 　　 (aware) of social responsibility.
(应用文写作之活动报道)Through this activity,not only did we have fun,
but also we became aware 　　　　 the significance of labour.
She was not aware of the danger,and walked into the forest.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
　　　　　　　　　　　　,she walked into the forest.
awareness
of
Unaware of the danger
3.shadow n.坏影响,阴影
·shadowy adj.阴影的;朦胧的
[教材原句] It was the most disastrous space accident ever,and it cast a shadow on people’s hearts.
这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故,给人们心里蒙上了阴影。
[例](读后续写之环境描写)The thick fog rolled in,and soon the whole forest was filled with shadows, as if nature had drawn a curtain to hide its secrets.
浓雾滚滚而来,很快整个森林都布满了阴影,仿佛大自然拉上了帷幕来隐藏它的秘密。
[例]The children played in the shadow of the big tree,out of the direct sun.
孩子们在大树的树荫下玩耍,避开了直射的阳光。
under/in the shadow of在……的阴影下
归纳拓展
cast a shadow on/over 给……蒙上阴影/使……笼罩上阴影
under/in the shadow of在……的阴影下
in shadow在阴影中,在背光处,在昏暗处
a shadow of些许……,一丝……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(读后续写之环境描写)As the evening drew in,the　　 　　(shadow) outlines of the trees became increasingly indistinct.
(读后续写之环境描写)月亮在湖面上投下了柔和的阴影,营造出一种宁静的景色。
The Moon 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 the lake,creating a serene scene.
那座老建筑在现代摩天大楼的阴影下矗立着。
The old building has been standing 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the modern skyscraper.
shadowy
cast a soft shadow on/over
in/under the shadow of
4.inspire vt.鼓舞,激励;启发
·inspiration n.鼓舞;灵感
·inspired adj.品质优秀的;能力卓越的
·inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;激励人的
[教材原句] The memory of those seven will live forever,written in the stars,inspiring us to join them in humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery.
他们七位的事迹将永存于世,书写在漫天星辰中,激励我们加入他们,共同致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。
[例](读后续写之动作描写)The touching story of the hero inspired her to stand up resolutely,her eyes filled with determination.
英雄的感人故事激励她毅然站起来,她的眼神坚定。
[例]This story is inspiring and many people cheer up after reading it.
这个故事鼓舞人心,许多人读后都振作了起来。
归纳拓展
inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事
inspire sb with sth/inspire sth in sb使某人产生某种感觉或情感
[语境运用] 语境串词
My teacher’s words were truly full of 　　 　　 (inspire).In every class,she would share her own 　　 　　 (inspire) stories,like how she overcame hardship to pursue her dream.Her stories didn’t just entertain us,but they deeply 　　　 　 (inspire) us.They constantly inspired us
　　 　　(work) hard and never give up,no matter how tough the challenges we face in our studies or lives.
inspiration
inspiring
inspired
to work
5.remind v.提醒;使想起
·reminder n.提醒物
[教材原句] The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us,reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars,no matter how distant they might seem.
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们,不管星空看起来多么遥不可及,我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
[例]The sight of children playing in the park reminded him of his own childhood.
看到孩子们在公园里玩耍,他想起了自己的童年。
[例](2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)...the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
……“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷,不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒。
归纳拓展
remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
remind (sb)+that/how/what...提醒(某人)……
其他“v.+sb of sth”结构的短语还有:
①inform sb of sth通知某人某事
②rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物
③accuse sb of sth控告某人某事
④warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
⑤cure sb of sth 治愈某人某种疾病
⑥convince sb of sth使某人相信某事
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
This photo album serves as a 　 　　　(remind) of the most important moments of my life.
The poster reminded us 　　　　 (take) effective measures to protect the wild animals.
老师的话提醒我们努力工作是成功的关键。
The teacher’s words 　.
reminder
to take
remind us that hard work is the key to success
6.submit v.提交,呈递(文件、建议等);顺从;屈服;投降;不得已接受;认为;建议
·submission n.提交;呈递;归顺;屈服;投降
·submissive adj.服从的;顺从的
[教材原句] Submit a three-minute video introducing yourself and saying why you would be an ideal space candidate.
提交一段三分钟的视频介绍你自己,并说明为什么你会是一个理想的太空候选人。
[例](2025·浙江1月卷)To speed up the process, please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate.
为了加快流程,请确保您通过ILL申请表提交的信息准确无误。
[例](应用文写作之咨询信)I am eager to know the progress of my submission.Has it been processed yet,and if so,what is the next step
我很想了解我提交内容的进展。它已经被处理了吗 如果是,下一步是什么
归纳拓展
submit an application/a claim/a complaint 提交申请书/书面要求/控诉书
submit sth to sb 把某物递交给某人
submit that 建议……;主张……
submit (oneself) to sb/sth(使自己) 向某人/某事物屈服
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
It is requested that you should submit your investigation report 　 　 me before the deadline.
Tomorrow is the last date for 　　 　　 (submit) of entries for the competition.
他接受了卫兵搜查。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 by the guards.
to
submission
submitted himself to a search
长难句分析
[教材原句]Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths,aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was,and of the many things that could go wrong.
尝试分析:本句是一个复合句。 为独立主格结构作状语;aware of为形容词短语作状语, 、 是of后面由and连接的两个并列宾语,并且 为how引导的宾语从句, 是由that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the many things。
自主翻译:数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月,为此激动得心都跳到了嗓子眼儿,因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务,许多地方都可能出错。
[语境运用] 情境写作
我们在电视机前观看比赛,心跳到了嗓子眼儿,因为我们意识到这是一场多么激烈的比赛,选手们可能承受着巨大压力。
We watched the competition in front of the TV,our hearts in our mouths, aware of how tense it was,and of the great pressure that the players could suffer.
语法微专题6
复习情态动词
语法原句再现
Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets,their hearts in their mouths,aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was,and of the many things that could go wrong.
With the eyes of students across the nation upon her,she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
The world went into shock,most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue,and on 29 September 1988,the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us,reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars,no matter how distant they might seem.
观察以上例句,看看它们分别含有哪个情态动词,它们分别有什么用法。
语法知识点拨
一、情态动词的基本用法
1.can和could的用法
(1)表能力。can在句中表示有能力做某事,could则表示过去的能力。
(2024·全国甲卷)Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.
动物可以用很多方式来表达它们的需求。
Mary could speak English when she was four.
玛丽四岁的时候就会说英语了。
(2)表请求和许可。can和could都可以表示对听话人的请求,could的语气更加委婉。
Can you lift this heavy box
你能举起这个重箱子吗
Could you hand me the book on your right side
您可以把您右手边的书递给我吗
(3)表推测。can往往用于否定句和疑问句中,could可用于各种句式。can表示的可能性比could大。
—Can/Could that be right
—No,that can’t/couldn’t be right.
——那可能是正确的吗
——不,那不可能是正确的。
(4)can还可以表客观可能性。
As we all know,anyone can make mistakes.
我们都知道,任何人都可能犯错。
be able to表示“能够并确实做得到”,重点往往在于“成功地实现”。
By the time he graduated from college,he had been able to speak three foreign languages.
到大学毕业时,他已经能够说三种外语了。
温馨提示
(5)习惯用法“cannot...too...”表示“无论怎样……都不过分;越……越好”。有时cannot可用can never替代。
We cannot thank you too much for what you’ve done for us.
对于你们为我们所做的一切,我们怎样感谢你们都不过分。
[语境运用] 用can或could的适当形式填空
—Is Jenny knocking at the door
—No.It 　　　　 be Jenny.She is in France now.
Getting up suddenly 　　　　 lead to the rapid heart rate and high blood pressure.
From the moment he 　　　　 read,he was never without a book in his hands.
You 　　　　 be too careful while crossing the street.
can’t
can
could
cannot
2.may和might的用法
(1)表请求和许可。might比may语气更委婉。肯定回答用may/might;否定回答用mustn’t,表示禁止,意为“不可以”。
—May/Might I go out after finishing my homework,Dad
—Yes,you may/might./No,you mustn’t.
——爸爸,完成家庭作业后我可以出去吗
——行,你可以去。/不行,不准出去。
(2)表推测。may 和 might在表达可能性时,既可以对现在进行推测,也可以对过去和未来进行推测。might表示的可能性比may小。
He may/might be very busy now.
他现在或许很忙。
(应用文写作之推荐信)With her strong leadership skills,she may lead the team to remarkable achievements.
凭借她强大的领导能力,她有可能带领团队取得卓越成就。
(3)特殊用法
①“may+主语+do”可以用来表示对听话者的美好祝愿。
May you succeed!
祝你成功!
May you be happy forever!
祝你永远快乐!
②“may/might as well+动词原形”可以表示礼貌地建议和委婉地劝告,即“最好,倒不如,不妨”。
It’s said that he is arriving soon,so we might as well hurry up.
据说他马上就要到了,所以,我们最好快一点。
[语境运用] 用may或might的适当形式填空
　　　　 I ask why you took that decision
—Where is Amy
—I am not sure.She 　　　　 be in the laboratory.
Don’t worry about it.We 　　　 　 as well have a try.
May
might
may/might
3.must和have to的用法
(1)表必须。must表示说话人的主观意志,而have to则强调客观需要。在回答must引出的问句时,肯定回答用must;否定回答不能用mustn’t (禁止,不
准),而要用needn’t或don’t have to (不必)。
I must give her a call tonight.
我今晚必须给她打个电话。(主观意志)
I have to give her a call tonight.
我今晚不得不给她打个电话。(客观需要)
—Must we finish our exercises today
—Yes,you must./No,you needn’t/don’t have to.
——我们今天必须完成练习吗
——是的,你们今天必须完成。/不,你们不必今天完成。
(2)表推测,意为“一定,必定”,用来表示可能性较大的推测,用于肯定的陈述句。
It’s really late.He must be at home now.
天色很晚了。他现在一定在家。
(3)表感彩。must 可以在一些情景中表示“非要,偏偏;就一定要……吗 ”的情感色彩,来表达说话人愤怒、困扰、不解的语气。
Why must you use my computer every time you need to surf the Internet
你每次就非得用我的电脑上网吗
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
—　　　　 I tell him in advance
—No,you don’t have to/needn’t.
You 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 (不必读所有材料),but skimming is a must.
The teacher tells us that we 　　　　　　　　 　 (一定要读这本书).
Must
needn’t/don’t have to read all the materials
must read this book
4.shall和should的用法
(1)shall的用法
①可用于主语为第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见。
Shall I get you some tea
我给你准备一些茶好吗
②可用于主语为第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人对对方的允诺、警告、命令、威胁或决心。
You shall have a new bike for your birthday.
你过生日时会得到一辆新的自行车。
He shall face serious consequences if he continues to break the rules.
如果他继续违反规定,他将面临严重后果。
③可用于第三人称作主语的陈述句中,表示法律和条约中的义务及规定。
Students here shall wear uniforms.
本校学生须着校服。
(2)should的用法
①表示出于义务、职责以及道德的“应该”。
Students should respect their teachers.
学生应该尊重他们的老师。
②should常与what、how、why等词连用,表示意外、惊讶等情绪,意为“居
然,竟然”。
What a pity that an outstanding player like him should miss the championship!
像他那样的优秀运动员居然错失了冠军,真是太遗憾了!
[语境运用] 用shall或should的适当形式填空
　　　　 we order some coffee
—Mum,can I go on a holiday with my classmates this summer holiday
—OK.You 　　　　 have a chance if you get along well with your studies.
I don’t know why you 　　　　 speak ill of me.
Candidates 　　　　 remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
Shall
shall
should
shall
5.will和would的用法
(1)表示主语的意志、意愿或决心,一般用于陈述句中。will指现在的意愿, would常指过去的意愿。
He said he would be here at eight o’clock.
他说他将在八点钟到达这里。
(2)will 和 would用于主语为第二人称的疑问句中,表示有礼貌地请求或征求意见等。但 would 比 will 更客气、礼貌和委婉,且此时would不表示过去。
Would you pick me up this Friday afternoon
这周五下午能请您来接一下我吗
(3)will 和 would都可以表示反复发生的动作或某种倾向,意为“总是,习惯
于”,will表示现在的习惯,would则表示过去的习惯。
She would get up early on weekdays.
她过去在工作日会早起。
used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已经不这样或不存在了。
It used to be a factory,but now it is a big supermarket.
它曾经是一个工厂,但是现在它是一个大型超市。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 用will或would的适当形式填空
I 　　　　 check this letter for you,if you want.
I 　　　　 go to that park twice a week when I was a child.
　　　　 you send this letter for me
Every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage,we are wondering what camping fun and adventure we 　　　　 experience next.
will
would
Would
will
6.need和dare的用法
(1)need的用法
①用于否定句或疑问句,后接动词原形,且没有人称、时态的变化。
Need I ask her about the details mentioned yesterday
我需要问她昨天被提及的细节吗
②need构成的疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。
—Need I attend tomorrow’s graduation ceremony
—Yes,you must./No,you needn’t.
——我需要出席明天的毕业典礼吗
——是的,你必须出席。/不,你不需要出席。
(2)dare的用法
①多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
②dare后接动词原形,有时态变化,过去式为dared,否定形式为dare not do sth。
She dared not let her parents know that she failed the test.
她不敢让父母知道她没有通过考试。
[语境运用] 用need或dare的适当形式填空/完成句子
How 　　　　 you talk to me like that
I love the weekend,because I 　　 　　　　　(不需要) get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
He 　　　 　　 (不敢) speak English in public.
dare
need not/needn’t
dare not
二、“情态动词+have done”的用法
1.对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
must have done 表示“(过去)一定做了……”;语气比较肯定;用于肯定句
may/might have done 表示“(过去)可能做了……”;语气不确定;用于肯定句和否定句
can/could have done 表示“(过去)可能做了……”;表示怀疑或不确定;用于否定句和疑问句
You must have done a lot of research on your topic,haven’t you
你一定对你的课题做过很多研究,不是吗
Could he have left the work unfinished
他会丢下工作不干了吗
2.表示“与过去事实相反”
could have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做
needn’t have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了
ought to∕should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做
oughtn’t to∕shouldn’t have done 过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了
would have done 过去本来想做某事但实际上没做
would not have done 过去本来不想做某事但实际上做了
I could have done better in the last exam.
上次考试我本可以考得更好。
You needn’t have watered the flowers because it would rain soon.
你本来不必浇花的,因为很快会下雨。
I would have called you but I was busy at that time.
我本来想给你打电话但是我当时太忙了。
[语境运用] 完成句子
The boy　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (可能已经知道了) the truth,but I am not quite sure.
She’s not here.She 　　　　　　　　　 (一定是已经离开了) already.
You 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (本来不必工作) that late last night.The deadline is tomorrow afternoon.
You 　　　　 　　　　　　　 (本应该来) to the conference yesterday.
may/might have known
must have left
needn’t have worked
ought to/should have come
真题体验
1.(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)...the first time I came here I never imagined I
　　　　 ever feel comfortable in this area.
【解析】 考查情态动词。句意:……我第一次来这里的时候,我从来没有想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。根据句子的意思,此空表示“过去的将来”,所以应该填would。
would
2.(2024·浙江1月卷) This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I 　　　　 never normally consider buying.
【解析】 考查情态动词。句意:这最优惠的价格点鼓励我尝试了许多我通常不会考虑购买的书。根据encouraged及normally可知,此处表示过去的习惯。故填would。
would
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,and what traps they encountered that you 　　　　 avoid.
should
【解析】 考查情态动词。句意:你将听到这些参与者的故事,了解哪些策略对他们有效,以及他们遇到过哪些你应该避免的陷阱。此处表示“应该”。故填should。
4.(2023·全国乙卷) Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects,
and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,but in many cases we simply 　　　　.
【解析】 考查情态动词。句意:理想情况下,一段历史将把文本和物品结合在一起,本书的一些章节能够做到这一点,但在许多情况下,我们不可能做到。此处表示“不可能”。故填can’t。
can’t
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.It is generally cold and dry here in autumn,but sometimes,it 　　　 also be warm and rainy.
2.—Who it could be that left the door unlocked
—It 　　 　　be Mike.He is always forgetting things.
3.He 　　　　 not have made this mistake,for he had been reminded several times.
can
might/may
should
4.You 　 　　　 worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.
5.It will rain this afternoon,I 　　　　 say.
6.I guess you 　　　　 be there early,otherwise you won’t get a seat.
7.　　　　 you mind my troubling you with some questions
8.　　　　 we share the oil with them
9.Peter 　　 　　 come with us tonight,but he isn’t very sure yet.
needn’t
dare
should
Would
Shall
may/might/could
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.The children 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一定是迷路了) in the woods; otherwise,they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
2.I 　　　　　　　　　 　　 (没有必要用闹钟) to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning a train comes by my house.
3.The flowers have died.I 　　　　　　　　　　　 (本应该浇水) them often.
4.The pills 　　　　　　　　　　　 (也许可以对他有帮助),if only he’d taken them regularly.
must have got lost
needn’t use a clock
should have watered
might have helped him
5.Since you have started the job,you 　　　　 (不妨) finish it.
6.I 　　 　　　　　　 (本来可以解出) the question,but I didn’t.
7.You 　 　　　　　　　 (本来不必浇) the flowers,for it is going to rain.
8.I 　　　　　　　　 (本来会告诉) you the story about the boy,but you didn’t ask me.
9.She was surprised that Tom 　　　　 　　　　 (竟然能完成所有的工作) without turning to others for help.
might/may as well
could have worked out
needn’t have watered
would have told
should finish all the work(共26张PPT)
Unit 6　课时作业(二)
(分值:47分)
Ⅰ.用合适的情态动词或其否定形式填空(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.If you plan on working out in a gym,that person 　　　　 belong to the same gym.
2.Misunderstandings,unless dealt with properly,　　 　　 lead to serious problems.
3.According to the rules of the shopping mall,you 　　 　　 keep your pet out of the gate.
4.　　 　　 you please send me a message when you see him
must
may/can/could/might
should/shall
Will/Would
5.We packed all the books in wooden boxes so that they 　　 　　 get damaged.
6.You 　　 　　 have sent for a doctor because I feel quite all right now.
7.In that company only Chris 　　　　 raise objections in the meeting.The others are afraid of the boss.
8.You 　　　 　 touch the wires because they’re extremely dangerous.
wouldn’t
needn’t
dare
mustn’t
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.你无法想象一个举止有度的绅士竟会对一位女士如此粗鲁。
You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman 　　　　 　　　　　　 .
2.只有面对面谈话,我们才有机会说服他改变主意。
Only by talking face to face 　　　　　　　　　　　　 persuade him to change his mind.
3.房子里太吵了,我不能集中注意力于工作了。
There is too much noise in the house.
　　　　　　　　 the work.
should be so rude to a lady
can we have the chance to
I can’t/am not able to focus my
attention on
4.我胃不舒服。刚才本不应该吃那么多炸鸡。
I’m not feeling well in the stomach.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 so much fried chicken just now.
5.我们本来没必要买这么多食物和饮料,因为她不会和我们一起吃晚饭了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 so much food and drink now that she won’t be with us for dinner.
I shouldn’t have eaten
We needn’t have bought
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Should humans explore space If you ask me,I’ll definitely give a positive answer.
Space exploration has a direct impact on the lives of humans,as well as the state of our world.Satellites moving around the earth make communication across the world possible,connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.Furthermore,weather satellites can forecast harmful weather conditions,which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives.
Space programmes can also indirectly lead to the solution to poverty and world hunger.For example,large plots of land can be used far better if humans apply technologies.The most effective tool is the artificial satellite.It can screen areas of land within a very short time,indicating useful information,such as the condition of crops,soil,rainfall,and droughts.It can then transmit the information to ground stations on the earth for better use.
In recent years,space-based technologies have become an important factor to reach and expand global health objectives.Information provided by remote technologies can be applied to studying epidemiology.These data provided by space technologies can monitor disease patterns,understand the environmental causes that spread the disease,make predictions about where it can spread in the future,and make plans to fight it efficiently.
Furthermore,space exploration is something we can do for future generations.Mankind is using the resources on the planet,but these will run out one day.Overpopulation can be an existential threat to all mankind. Conceivably,with the advancement of cosmic space technology,it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets,such as the availability of mineral resources on asteroids or other planets.
For the exploration of the universe,perhaps the most awesome and advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose,regardless of our differences.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章主要就人类是否应该探索太空展开,论述了太空探索对人类的种种影响和好处。
(　　)1.What can space exploration do according to Paragraph 2
[A]Improve the traffic on the earth.
[B]Promote the travels between countries.
[C]Help prevent deadly natural disasters.
[D]Help humans communicate and spread information.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,卫星使世界各地的通信成为可能,连接不同大陆的人们并向全世界传播信息。由此可知,太空探索可以帮助人类交流和传播信息。故选D。
(　　)2.How can space programmes help solve poverty and world hunger
[A]By benefiting crop production with artificial satellites.
[B]By transporting food worldwide more easily.
[C]By creating job opportunities for the poor.
[D]By protecting available land resources.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知,如果人类应用技术,大片土地可以被更好地利用;人造卫星可以在很短的时间内检测土地区域,显示有用的信息,如作物状况、土壤状况、降雨量和干旱情况,然后将这些信息传回地面站,以便人们更好地利用土地。由此可知,太空计划利用人造卫星促进作物生产,以此来帮助解决贫困和世界饥饿问题。故选A。
(　　)3.What does the writer think of mining resources on other planets
[A]Time-wasting.
[B]Arguable.
[C]Unnecessary.
[D]Rewarding.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,随着宇宙空间技术的进步,利用和探索其他行星的巨大潜力将是明智的,例如小行星或其他行星上的矿产资源的可用性。由此可推知,作者认为在其他星球上开采资源是有益的。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the text
[A]An advertisement.
[B]An argumentative essay.
[C]A speech.
[D]A news report.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。文章第一段提出了这篇文章的话题:人类应该探索太空吗 然后文章就人类是否应该探索太空展开论述,包括太空探索对人类的影响,比如帮助人类交流和传播信息,协助解决贫困和世界饥饿问题等。文章最后表明共同合作探索太空的美好愿景。由此可推知,本文是一篇议论文。故选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
　　The Voyager Programme was conceived as a grand tour of the solar system.It was actually 1.　　　　 engineer in the Jet Propulsion Laboratory that realised in the late 1970s there was going to be a golden opportunity.
And that was because the planets 2.　　　　 (be) all going to more or less line up on one side of the Sun.And that’s really important when you’re trying to explore one planet after another,because of course all the
3.　 　 　 (planet) in the solar system are orbiting 4.　　　　 (independent).
an
were
planets
independently
Sometimes we’re on,say,the same side of the Sun as Jupiter is 5.　　　　 sometimes Jupiter is way on the other side of the Sun from us,you know,
many billions of kilometres away.So,there was this time coming in the late 1970s 6.　　　　 you could launch a spacecraft and it could actually go to Jupiter,but then onto Saturn,because they were both on the same side of the Sun,and you could even possibly get Uranus and Neptune and maybe even Pluto.
and
when
The fly-by trips 7.　　 　　 (involve) the four planets became known as the Voyager “Grand Tour”.And this was the Voyager programme: Voyager Ⅰ and Voyager Ⅱ.NASA officials have said that when first
8.　　 　　 (launch),the Voyager mission was expected to last five years.
Both Voyagers are the only spacecraft so far 9.　　　 　 (explore) interstellar (星际的) space.And over the last couple of years,we 10.
　　 　　 (follow) them through this transition truly out of the range of our solar system.
involving
launched
to explore
have been
following/have followed
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了“旅行者计划”利用罕见的行星排列,实施了一次太阳系内多行星的接力探索。
1.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。结合句意可知,此处泛指一位工程师,应用不定冠词,且engineer是以元音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词an。故填an。
2.【答案】 were
【解析】 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处为从句的谓语,根据was可知,时态应用一般过去时;从句主语planets为复数。故填were。
3.【答案】 planets
【解析】 考查名词复数。由句意可知,此处表示“所有的行星”,且planet为可数名词。故填planets。
4.【答案】 independently
【解析】 考查副词。设空处修饰动词orbiting,应用副词形式作状语。故填independently。
5.【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,句中两个sometimes后描述的情况为并列关系,应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
6.【答案】 when
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the late 1970s,先行词指时间,在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。
7.【答案】 involving
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用非谓语动词,involve与其逻辑主语the fly-by trips之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填involving。
8.【解析】 launched
【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。分析句子结构可知,在when引导的时间状语从句中,从句主语应为the Voyager mission,launch与the Voyager mission之间是被动关系,应用被动语态be launched;从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词,则从句中可省略“主语+be动词”,所以设空处应用动词的过去分词形式。故填launched。
9.【答案】 to explore
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,被修饰词spacecraft前由the only修饰,所以设空处应使用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to explore。
10.【答案】 have been following/have followed
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语over the last couple of years可知,句子应用现在完成时,或强调follow这一动作在这个阶段一直持续进行,使用现在完成进行时,且主语we是复数。故填have been following/have followed。

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