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(共57张PPT)
Part 3　Grammar——情态动词
语法图解
要点诠释
一、情态动词的基本用法
1.can和could的用法
[先感知]
①Well,I can’t say that I have any plans.(人教必三U5)
②Could you offer me work here (人教必三U5)
③Brian said he couldn’t agree any more.
④If you work hard,you can achieve your goals.
⑤I could swim for hours when I was younger.
[会发现]　句①中的can’t表示____________;句②中的could表示________________;句③中的couldn’t表示________________;句④中的can表示____________________;句⑤中的could表示______________________。
能力
许可
可能性
可能性
能力
[明规则]
(1)表示能力:can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力。
(2)表示请求和许可:could语气比can委婉,但回答时只能用can。
(3)表示推测,意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。
(4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性,意为“可能会”。
[再运用]　单句语法填空
①You ____________go out alone at night.
②He ____________be at home,for the light is out.
③Brandon ____________speak his native dialect before,but he has forgotten almost all about it now.
④You ____________turn on the air conditioner and have a rest.
can’t
can’t
could
could
2.may和might的用法
[先感知]
①May I come round in the morning
②Might I have a little brandy
③You may leave whenever you please.
④He may (might) know the answer.
⑤Do you think he may (might) not be able to pay
[会发现]　句①②表示____________允许;句③中的may表示____________允许;句④⑤中的may和might表示____________。
[明规则]
(1)表示请求允许(即请求别人允许自己做某事),两者都可用,只是might表示的语气较委婉(但并不表示过去)。
(2)表示给予允许(即自己允许别人做某事),通常要用may而不用might。
(3)表示推测,两者都可用,只是might比may语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。两者均可用于肯定句和否定句,但用于疑问句时,may通常不用于句首,但可用于疑问句的句中(如特殊疑问句等),而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首,但不算常见,通常会改用其他句式(如用could等)。
请求
给予
推测
[再运用]　单句语法填空
①And who ____________she be
②You ____________use the room so long as you keep it clean.
③I asked her if I ____________call and see her.
may/might
may
might
3.should和ought to的用法
[先感知]
①As students,we should obey the school rules.
②If possible,we should have the test results within 24 hours.
③Why should you be so late today
④Should you entertain my application favorably,I would spare no effort to offer my best service.
⑤I suggested that he (should) be sent to hospital at once.
⑥She drives rather faster than she ought to.
⑦He oughtn’t to have left without a word.
[会发现]　句①中的should表示__________;句②中的should表示________________;句③中的should表____________的语气;句④中的should用于____________;句⑤中的should用于____________语气;句⑥中的ought to相当于should;句⑦中的oughtn’t to为表__________之意的否定式。
应该
推测
惊讶
倒装
虚拟
应该
[明规则]
(1)should表示责任和义务,意为“应该”;
(2)should表示主观上合乎逻辑的推测;
(3)should表示一种惊讶的语气,意为“居然,竟然”;
(4)should用于倒装,置于主语前面而省略if;
(5)在表示命令、请求、建议、要求、推荐等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略;
(6)ought to相当于should,表示“应该”,否定式为oughtn’t to或ought not to。
[再运用]　完成句子
①You _______________________________________,no matter how busy you are.
不管多忙,你都应该经常去看望父母。
②I _______________________________________ like that.I’m sorry.
我不该问你那样的事情,我很抱歉。
③In building a harmonious society,we each______________________.
在建设和谐社会方面,我们每个人都要竭尽全力。
ought to/should visit your parents regularly
ought not to have asked you a thing
should do our best
4.must的用法
[先感知]
①You must finish it today.
②We mustn’t think only of ourselves.
③The man must have a lot of money.
④She hasn’t eaten for half a day.She must be hungry now.
⑤We must spend a long time together next time.
[会发现]　句①中的must表示____________;句②中的mustn’t表示____________;句③④中的must表示____________的推测;句⑤must表示未来的____________。
一定,必须
禁止
肯定
安排
[明规则]
(1)must表示主观看法,意为“必须”。
(2)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to。
(3)must也可以表示有把握的推测,意为“一定,肯定”,用于肯定句。
(4)否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”。
(5)情态动词must还可以用来表示未来一定要进行的安排,即在未来一定要做某事。
(6)must有时表示不巧,有时表示固执,通常都是指令人不快的事。
[再运用]　完成句子
①These books are precious and useful.You_______________________.
这些书很珍贵、很有用,你一定要好好保存。
②We ________________and have a weekend there.
我们应当到那里度过周末。
③We were ready to leave,but __________________________________.
我们刚准备好要走,可孩子偏偏得了感冒。
must keep them well
must go
the baby must catch a cold
5.dare的用法
[先感知]
①Anyway,I didn’t dare to try again.(人教必三U5)
②Dare you jump down from the tree
③He dare not go against his parents’ wishes.
[会发现]　句①中的dare是____________动词;句②中的dare是____________动词;句③中的dare not是____________动词dare的否定。
实义
情态
情态
[明规则]
(1)dare用作情态动词时,意思是“敢”,其后接动词原形,通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及if或whether之后,一般不用于肯定句。
(2)dare用作实义动词时意为“敢于”,可以有各种词形变化,可用于各类句型(肯定句、否定句、疑问句及各类从句等),其后多接带 to 的不定式,有时 to 也可省去(尤其是在否定句或疑问句中),可用于非谓语形式、完成时态等。
[再运用]　完成句子
①How ____________________________________so rude
你怎么敢如此无理
②Beata ____________________________________by herself.
贝亚特不敢一个人去。
③Only a few journalists ____________________________________.
只有少数记者敢于报道这个故事。
dare you be
didn’t dare to go
dared to cover the story
二、情态动词+have done
[先感知]
①Since the road is wet,it must have rained last night.
②I can’t find my keys.I may/might have left them at the school yesterday.
③I think that he couldn’t/can’t have gone abroad.I saw him just now.
④He could have passed the exam,but he was too careless.
⑤Tom,you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday.
⑥I ought to have gone home last Sunday.
⑦I needn’t have bought so much wine—only five people came.
[会发现]　句①②③表示____________,句④⑤⑥⑦表示对过去动作的____________。
推测
假设
[明规则]
(1)“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。
(2)“can’t+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。
(3)“could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
(4)“may/might+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中;might可能性更小一些。
(5)“should/ought to+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。”
(6)“needn’t+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”
[再运用]　完成句子
①The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I _________________________________________________ with me.
昨天天气很好。我本不必费心带伞的。
②Harry __________________________________________ easily yesterday,but he gave up.
哈里昨天本来可以轻而易举地赢得物理竞赛的,但他放弃了。
③I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning.She __________________________________________________________.
今天早上我在会议室没看见她。她不可能在会上发言。
needn’t have taken the trouble to carry my umbrella
could have won the physics competition
couldn’t have spoken at the meeting
课 时 精 练
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
维度一　用情态动词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,共8分)
dare;dare not;could;couldn’t;can;can’t;have to;not have to
1.He ____________________________________lower his head to get through the door.
2.How ________________________________you talk to me like that
3.You ____________________________________do anything—just lie back and enjoy the ride.
had to
dare
don’t have to
4.Many children ____________________________________function effectively in large classes.
5._______________________________ you move—you’re in my light.
6.You ________________________________take the car,if you want.
7.We _________________________________understand them because they were talking in Chinese.
8.China has achieved status:people ____________________________ look down upon us.
can’t
Could
can
couldn’t
dare not
维度二　用情态动词完成句子(每小题2分,共12分)
1.Those ____________________________________will never meet with success forever.
不敢面对失败的人永远不会成功。
2.Think about ____________________________________with that extra time.
想一想你可以利用空闲的时间来做些什么。
who dare not face failure
what you could do
3.The little girl broke out in rashes on her back,so ____________________________________.
小女孩背上起了疹子,所以她不能去幼儿园了。
4.We ____________________________________to bring all the equipment over.
我们往返了几次才把全部设备运过来。
she couldn’t go to the kindergarten
had to make several trips
5.You ____________________________________go running upstairs every time she rings.
你不必每次她打电话就跑上楼。
6.It gives you a kind of business education that you ____________________________________.
它给你一种其他方式无法得到的商业教育。
don’t have to
can’t get in any other way
维度三　语法与语篇(每小题2分,共10分)
根据汉语提示,用适当的情态动词完成语段
My good friend,Kathy,is a hard-working person.She shared a flat with me ten months ago.At that time,she was preparing for an important exam.During the day,she 1.________________________(不得不去工作).So she 2.________________________________________ (只能在晚上学习).To help her get focused,I 3._____________________
(不敢打开电视) loud as she always studied late.I think she 4.______________________________(应该有足够的睡眠).
had to go to work
could only study in the evening
dare not turn on the TV
ought to have enough sleep
Now Kathy has passed the exam and moved out to live near her new company.Surprisingly,I sometimes feel afraid to be alone in the flat at night and 5.____________________________________(现在不开着灯不敢睡觉).
dare not sleep without the light on now
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
(2025·泰安市高二下期末)
Culture is particularly at risk in an armed conflict or disaster owing to its great symbolic value.At the same time,culture is regarded as a driver of recovery,strengthening the flexibility of a civilized society.
During recent conflicts,cultural relics have not only increasingly suffered from the damage caused by war,but have also become the target of systematic and deliberate attacks because of its high significance in the nations to which it belongs.The destruction of the cultural relics in Palmyra (Syria) and the robbery of the National Museum of Iraq are tragic (悲剧的) examples of an intention to destroy the very cultural identity and break the bonds that bring them together as a society.
Disasters caused by natural and human-made harm including earthquakes,fires,floods and typhoons,also have caused extensive damage to many cultural and natural relics,museums,and cultural institutions.The earthquakes in Nepal and Ecuador,the floods in Myanmar,Hurricane Matthew in the Western Atlantic Ocean and the heavy rainfalls following El Ni o in Peru have all resulted in a mass of damage.
Culture,however,is not only a victim (受害者) of emergency situations.Immediately after a disaster or an armed conflict,all nations often find cultural relics can work well as material and psychological support.The ability to access one’s cultural attractions—like an old building,a historic city,a historical relic or a landscape—or to keep a specific cultural practice,may provide a much-needed sense of identity and dignity (尊严).Moreover,after an emergency (紧急情况),culture can be an engine both to rebuild economies and societies and to promote tolerance,compromise and understanding,easing tensions (紧张) and preventing renewed conflicts.Music,dance,theatre and cinema,for example,have been used to build deeper understanding among people who flee for safety.
This is why protecting culture in emergency situations,and cultural protection from disasters is fundamental to a country’s development and people’s security.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文化由于其巨大的象征价值,在武装冲突或灾难中尤其危险。
1.Why are some damaged cultural relics mentioned in paragraphs 2 & 3
A.To prove emergency situations caused by culture.
B.To show the intense international relationship.
C.To present the terrible situation of culture in an armed conflict or disaster.
D.To unfold the disasters and conflicts in the world.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“During recent conflicts...which it belongs.”及第三段中的“Disasters caused...cultural institutions.”可知,文章第二、三段提及一些受损文物是为了陈述在武装冲突或灾难中的糟糕的文化状况,故选C项。
√
2.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Culture plays an important role in restoration.
B.Culture suffers a lot in emergency situations.
C.Lots of cultural relics are rebuilt after a disaster.
D.Culture helps people better understand each other.
解析　段落大意题。根据第四段中的“Immediately after a disaster...and psychological support.”及“Moreover,after an emergency...renewed conflicts.”可知,本段描述了文化在修复中起着重要的作用,故选A项。
√
3.What can we learn from this passage
A.Most cultural relics are destroyed by war.
B.Natural disasters seldom contribute to the damage of cultural relics.
C.Music,dance and theatre can also give people a sense of security.
D.Cultural relics can work better than psychological support.
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “Music,dance,theatre and...people who flee for safety.”可知,音乐、舞蹈和戏剧也能给人安全感,故选C项。
√
4.What is likely to be talked about after the last paragraph
A.The fast development of culture.
B.The analysis of the cultural emergency.
C.A specific case of ruined cultural relics.
D.Some measures taken to protect culture.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,本段描述了保护文化的重要性,接下来可能谈论保护文化的措施,故选D项。
√
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·兰州市高二下期末)
If you post a video online about your perfect home decoration,and your video spreads quickly,you can expect to get comments from people who’ll find something to talk about.But they may argue that your home is so perfect that you must have no time to spend with your children,which may get you down.__1__ That is to say,you’ll want to know when you’ll address negative comments and how you’ll address them when you choose to do so.
If someone leaves a negative comment on your social media account and you choose to ignore or delete,this can make it look as though you have something to hide.If you have nothing to hide,it’s fine to choose this action.However,if there’s a hint of (一点点) truth in the comment,it seems that you choose to avoid a problem.__2__ Moreover,if someone has said something unfair about you,it’s reasonable to make responses.
__3__ It’s best to respond in a positive and polite manner.Don’t get defensive,don’t be angry,and stay calm.Otherwise,you’ll come across as having lost your cool and appear less reliable.
What’s more,you can ask the commenter to contact you privately.__4__ Instead,leave a comment for them asking them to contact you to discuss in private.This shows everyone that you’re willing to address the issue,without needing to make it a public discussion for everyone to see.Finally,you may use humour in your reply if you think the situation calls for it.It can show you aren’t taking the situation too seriously.__5___
A.However,don’t simply send them direct messages.
B.So at this time,it might be best to engage in a reply.
C.Then how should we respond to negative comments
D.So when should you actually ignore negative comments
E.And being funny has the same effect as being polite or positive.
F.That being said,you probably want to know how to deal with them.
G.Each comment needs to be considered on a comment-by-comment basis.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应该如何处理网上的负面评论,并提出了一些建议。
1.F　 [根据空前一句可知,有人评论说“房子这么完美,那你一定没时间陪你的孩子。”,空处应该是如何处理问题,F项中“That being said”就是指代前面提到的评论。故选F项。]
2.B　 [根据空后“it’s reasonable to make responses”可知,空处应该是对于别人的话要做出回复,故选B项。]
3.C　 [根据空后“It’s best to respond...Don’t get defensive”可知,空处应该是问如何对消极的评论做出回答,故选C项。]
4.A　 [根据空后“Instead,leave a comment...in private.”可知,空处应该是不要直接联系,并与Instead构成转折关系,故选A项。]
5.E　 [根据空前“Finally,you may use humour in your reply if you think the situation calls for it.”可知,对一些负面情绪,可以选择一些幽默的方式进行回复,幽默同礼貌或积极一样有效,故选E项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·洛阳市高二下期末)
A series of books in Chinese and English covering eight classic works of Peking Opera tells details about the art form in a straightforward way.
Peking Opera,1.____________ its colourful costumes and makeup,as well as the unique performance combining singing,dialogue,acting and acrobatics (杂技),2.____________ (become) a symbol of traditional Chinese culture over the years.
3.____________ (list) as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2010,the art form has gained popularity around the world.World-famous 4.____________ (performer) such as Mei Lanfang and Cheng Yanqiu have also taken Peking Opera abroad.It has gained 5.____________ trend among a few non-Chinese,although few understand the stories told on stage.To help foreigners have a better 6.____________ (comprehend) of the art form,Sun Ping,dean of the Art Research Institute at Beijing Foreign Studies University,and her team edited the new books.
7.____________ (difference) from previous English translations of books that mostly covered the scripts of Peking Opera plays,the new edition 8.____________ (introduce) all aspects of the art form,including the scripts,actors and actresses,performance skills,musical instruments and costumes.
Scott Ian Rainen,from the United States,9.____________ works at China Foreign Languages Publishing Administration,said the new books were 10.____________ (absorb).“Foreigners often do not understand the plot in a Peking Opera play,but the books show the cultural and historical background,costumes,artistic theories and so on,” he added.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一套以通俗易懂的方式介绍京剧艺术的中英双语书籍。
1.with　 [考查介词。根据空后的名词短语可推知,此处表示“有着”色彩斑斓的服饰和妆容,应用介词with表示“具有,带有”,故填with。]
2.has become　 [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语,根据“over the years”可知,时态应用现在完成时,且主语Peking Opera为单数,故填has become。]
3.Listed　 [考查非谓语动词。句子主干成分完整,空处为非谓语,list “把……列入名单”和the art form逻辑上是被动关系,因此用list的过去分词形式,作状语,且句首单词的首字母应大写,故填Listed。]
4.performers　 [考查名词的单复数。空处被World-famous修饰,作主语,结合“such as Mei Lanfang and Cheng Yanqiu”可知,应用可数名词的复数形式,故填performers。]
5.a　 [考查冠词。空处表示泛指,意为“一种潮流”,应用不定冠词,且trend的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。]
6.comprehension　 [考查词性转换。空处作have的宾语,被better修饰,应用名词形式,故填comprehension。]
7.Different　 [考查词性转换。根据“from”可知,此处用固定短语different from表示“不同于……”,空处用形容词different作状语,句首单词首字母需大写,故填Different。]
8.introduces　 [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语,此处在描述一般性的事实,时态应用一般现在时,且主语the new edition是单数,introduce “介绍”应用第三人称单数形式,故填introduces。]
9.who　 [考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词Scott Ian Rainen做补充说明,先行词指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词作引导词,故填who。]
10.absorbing　 [考查词性转换。空处作表语,描述主语the new books的性质,应用absorb的形容词形式,意为“引人入胜的”,故填absorbing。]

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