资源简介

(共63张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　The Rest of the Unit
必 备 知 识 自 测
[核心单词·练通]
1.____________ vi.& vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮 n.沸腾
2.____________ n.彻底变革,革命
3.____________ vt.保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护 n.腌菜,果酱
4.____________ adv.特定地,专门地
5.____________ adj.用电的,带电的,电动的
boil
revolution
preserve
specifically
electric
[阅读单词·识记]
1.steam n.　　　 __________________________
2.kettle n. __________________________
3.fibre n. __________________________
4.mechanical adj. __________________________
5.sailor n. __________________________
水蒸气;蒸汽动力
水壶,壶
(木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
机械的
水手,海员
[拓展单词·用活]
1.____________ n.改善,改进;改进之处→ improve v.改善;改进
2.____________ n.可能性→available adj. 可用的,可获得的;有空的;单身的
3.____________ vi.& vt.(使)爆炸;急剧增长;勃然(大怒);突然发生→explosion n.爆炸,爆裂(声);激增;迸发
4.____________ n.大量,大宗 adj.大量的→massive adj.大而重的,结实的;非常严重的; 大量的,大规模的
improvement
availability
explode
mass
5.____________ vt.控制,管理→regulation n.规章制度,法规
6.____________ vt.说明,阐明;给(书籍、文章等)加插图→illustration n.示例,实例
7.____________ adj.正确的,准确的→accuracy n.准确性→accurately adv.正确地;准确地
regulate
illustrate
accurate
掌握规律　巧记单词
1.规律:动词变de为sion构成名词
示例:decide v.决定→decision n.决定
如:explode vi.& vt.(使)爆炸→explosion n.爆炸
2.规律:动词去掉e加ion构成名词
示例:contribute v.贡献→contribution n.贡献
如:regulate vt.控制,管理→regulation n.规章制度
illustrate vt.说明,阐明→illustration n.示例,实例
[重点短语·再现]
1.________________有……天赋
2.________________进入……
3.________________与……有联系
4.for the purpose of　 ___________________________________
5.rely on ___________________________________
be gifted in
gain access to
be associated with
为了;为了……的目的,为了……起见
依靠;信赖
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式]　as引导状语从句
[教材原句]　____________________________________, the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.
当水沸腾时,蒸汽使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
As the water boiled
2.[句型公式]　not until的强调句型
[教材原句]　...but ________________________________a man called Elisha Otis designed and built a machine that used hydraulics to carry people between the floors of a building.
……但直到1857年,一个名叫伊莱沙·奥的斯的人才设计并制造出利用液压系统在建筑楼层间运送人员的机器。
it wasn’t until 1857 that
3.[句型公式]　next time引导时间状语从句
[教材原句]　____________________________________________, be grateful and think about the science and imagination that have gone into them and how much they have changed our everyday life.
下次当你依赖其中任何一个发明时,要心存感激,想想它们所含有的科学和想象力,以及它们对我们的日常生活有多大的改变。
Next time you rely on any of these inventions
核 心 考 点 突 破
1.boil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮 n.沸腾
教材原文　One day when he was 12 years old,he was sitting in his family kitchen watching a kettle boiling water.
在他十二岁那年的一天,他正坐在家里的厨房,看着水壶烧水。
感知　语言先输入
①Bubbles are rising from the bottom of the boiling water.
②The whole problem boils down to a lack of communication.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)boiling water　 沸水;(正在)开的水
boiled water 开水
(2)boil over 溢出;愤怒爆发
boil down to 归结为;简化为
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Here’s some ____________(boil) water.Have a drink whenever you’re thirsty.
②The pot boiled ____________and made a mess on the stove.
③Most of the crimes may __________________________________.
大多数犯罪归结起来可以说都是金钱问题。
boiled
over
boil down to a question of money
2.availability n.可能性　·available adj.可用的,可获得的;有空的;单身的
教材原文　With this came new types of jobs and the availability of new products at lower costs.
随之而来的是新型工作和低成本新产品的出现。
感知　语言先输入
①The availability of online courses makes it easier for students to learn at their own pace.
②Will you be available this weekend to help me with my science project (求助信)
记牢　知识再梳理
be available for.../to do sth 有空做某事;可用于……
be available to sb 对某人来说是可以得到的
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①What is new is the ____________(available) of all the supporting data.
②The new park will be available __________public use after the grand opening ceremony.
③The computer lab will ____________________________________ after 4:00 pm on weekdays.
工作日下午4点以后,计算机实验室将对所有学生开放。
availability
for
be available to all students
3.explode vi.& vt.(使)爆炸;急剧增长;勃然(大怒);突然发生
·explosion n.爆炸,爆裂(声);激增;迸发
教材原文　Early Chinese scientists discovered how they could make something explode.
早期的中国科学家发现了它们是如何使物体爆炸的。
感知　语言先输入
①She exploded into tears when she heard the bad news.(情绪描写)
②He exploded with anger when he saw the mess in the room.(情绪描写)
记牢　知识再梳理
explode with anger　　　　　 勃然大怒
explode into laughter/tears 突然大笑/大哭
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The deafening ____________(explode) near the factory could be heard a mile away.
②Charles ______________________________when hearing the news.
Charles听到这个消息后大发雷霆。
③On seeing his funny expression,we all_________________________.
一看到他那滑稽的表情,我们都哈哈大笑起来。
explosion
exploded with anger
exploded into laughter
4.preserve vt.保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护n.腌菜,果酱　·preservation n.维护,保存
教材原文　Therefore,preserving food has always been an important consideration for people.
因此,保存食物一直是人们需要考虑的重要因素。
感知　语言先输入
From my point of view,some traditional old customs should be well preserved.So there is an urgent need to think of some effective preservation measures.(倡议书)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)(be) well preserved　　 保存(养)得很好的
(2)preserve...from... 保护……免受……
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Well before the arrival of freezers,there was a demand for ice for food ________________(preserve) and catering.
②____________ (preserve) biological diversity and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations are vital today.
③It is high time that we should take measures____________________
__________________________________.(环境保护)
现在是该我们采取措施保护环境不受污染的时候了。
preservation
Preserving
to preserve the
environment from being polluted
5.electric adj.用电的,带电的,电动的
·electrical adj.电的;用电的;发电的　·electricity n.电
教材原文　In 1880,a German inventor,Werner von Siemens, introduced the first electric powered elevator—and the lift,as we know it today,was born.
1880年,德国发明家维尔纳·冯·西门子推出了第一台电动电梯——正如我们今天所知,电梯就此诞生。
感知　语言先输入
I find the sewing machine is driven by an electric motor.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)electric　　直接使用电的,意为“用电操作的或生电的”
(2)electrical 与电有关的(系统、设备或职业),意为“电的,电气的”
运用　单句语法填空
①Appropriately,he got his PhD in ________(electric) and computer engineering.
②We can’t imagine what our life would be like if there were no ____________(electric).
electrical
electricity
课 时 精 练
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共8分)
1.I’m going to ______________________(煮) an egg for breakfast.
2.Historically,salt’s value came from its ability to ________________ (保存) food.
3.The breakdown was due to a ________________(机械的) failure.
4.She made herself a sandwich while she waited for the ____________ / ketl/ to boil.
boil
preserve
mechanical
kettle
5.___________________ /spI sIfIklI/,we need to focus on improving our customer service.
6.Dry fruits are especially high in ____________________/ faIb /.
7.The e______________________ car has become increasingly popular due to its environmentally friendly features.
8.The old s_________________ told stories of his adventures at sea.
Specifically
fibre
lectric
ailor
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共5分)
1.The _____________________(explode) that occurred in the chemical plant caused significant damage to the surrounding area.
2.The ____________(accurate) of the GPS system is crucial for navigation in remote areas.
3.It’s against safety _____________(regulate) to fix these doors open.
4.There has been a noticeable ______________(improve) in his English speaking skills.
5.The new policy has greatly increased the _______________(available) of healthcare services in rural areas.
explosion
accuracy
regulations
improvement
availability
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1分,共5分)
be associated with;rely on;for the purpose of;be gifted in;gain access to
1.She __________________music and can play several instruments.
2.By completing the course,students can _________________advanced research facilities.
3.In many cultures,the color red ____________________ luck and happiness.
is gifted in
gain access to
is associated with
4.The meeting was held ________________________discussing the new project.
5.In times of crisis,we can ______________________our team to come through.
for the purpose of
rely on
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共8分)
1.The society was set up ______________________________________.
(不定式短语作目的状语)
成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种不致灭绝。
2.___________________________________________________ we got back to the subject of our summer vacation.(not until的强调句型)
我们直到坐下来吃饭时才又回到了我们的暑假这个话题。
to preserve endangered species from extinction
It wasn’t until we sat down to eat that
3.____________________________________________________,remember to bring your umbrella in case it rains suddenly.(next time引导时间状语从句)
下次你来的时候,记得带上雨伞,以防突然下雨。
4.___________________________________,we decided to stay indoors. (as引导状语从句)
因为外面太热了,我们决定待在室内。
Next time you come
As it was too hot outside
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
(2025·衡阳市高二下期末)
A new study finds too much light at night can cut the number of seeds a plant produces.Researchers put up street lights in Swiss meadows,far from any real street.The setup mimicked (模拟) urban light pollution.In these now-light-polluted fields,flowers had 62 percent fewer night visitors—insect pollinators (传粉者)—than the flowers in dark meadows did.
Cabbage thistles are the most common flowers in these meadows.Fewer insect visitors at night could mean less pollen (花粉) pollinated from plant to plant (the first step in producing seeds).“For the thistles,daytime pollinator visits didn’t make up for this loss at night,” says Eva Knop,an ecologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland.Overall,night-lit plants produced one-eighth fewer seeds than plants that got full nights of darkness did.
“Light pollution might affect a whole network of plants and their pollinators,” Knop and her colleagues now suggest.Indeed,night pollination is not just a lonely business for a few special plants.There are lots of links between production of pollen by night and that by day.Plants with a lot of night visits are often very busy by day,too.Light at night that decreases seed numbers could over time mean fewer new plants.And fewer plants could mean less food and shelter for daytime insects.Therefore,a lot of pollinators working day and night shifts could be affected,which is what Knop worries about.
The new study is the first to show how artificial light affects plants’ ability to produce seeds.The test is also unusual because it considers all kinds of insect pollinators instead of focusing only on night-flying insects.The researchers paid special attention to the cabbage thistle,but they also mapped which kinds of insects visited other plants by day or night.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现夜间过多的光照会减少植物生产的种子数量。
1.Why were street lights put up in the meadows
A.To copy light pollution.
B.To promote urbanization.
C.To accelerate plant growth.
D.To attract insect pollinators.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Researchers put up street lights...urban light pollution.”可知,路灯竖立在草地上是为了模拟城市的光污染,故选A项。
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2.What can be inferred about cabbage thistles
A.They attract only night visitors.
B.They grow slowly during the night.
C.They are the most common Swiss flowers.
D.They rely on insects to help produce seeds.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Fewer insect visitors at...‘For the thistles...this loss at night’”可知,昆虫更少可能意味着植物之间的授粉减少(授粉是结籽的第一步),对这种蓟来说,白天授粉者的造访并不能弥补晚上的损失,由此推断,这种植物依靠昆虫来帮助结籽,故选D项。
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3.Light pollution affects pollinators’ ________.
A.sight B.numbers
C.growth D.food and shelter
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Light at night that decreases seed...night shifts could be affected”可知光污染影响传粉者的食物和栖身之地,故选D项。
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4.What is the main idea of the text
A.Plants attract more insects due to light pollution.
B.Night-flying insects matter more than daytime ones.
C.Light pollution may affect plants’ seed numbers.
D.Researchers found ways to protect the insects.
解析　主旨大意题。阅读全文尤其是第一段中的“A new study finds too much light at night can cut the number of seeds a plant produces.”可知该研究发现夜间过多的光照会减少植物生产的种子数量。C选项最符合文章主旨。故选C项。
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Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
(2025·福清市高二下期末)
No act of kindness,no matter how small,is ever wasted.Yesterday a salesman,working for a telecom company,__1__ me to sell his phone plans.I was at work and unwilling to spend time on those conversations,so I made a(n) __2__ that I couldn’t talk yet and I __3__ him to call back one hour later.
However,he continued to explain his phone plans,which he said were better than my __4__ one.While listening to him,sometimes I was lost in thought,giving“hmm” as a sign of __5__ or showing him that I was still there.Sometimes I felt a bit impatient.But I tried to be __6__ during the conversation.
At the end of the conversation,he said:“Thank you for listening to me.__7__,people treat us as thieves or __8__ at us.Today,I haven’t had a conversation without offense (侮辱).I know you could have been __9__ after work or done something else had I not __10__ your time.So I am really touched.”
I thanked him for this statement.I __11__ how much he could have been the subject of verbal (言语的) __12__ all through his working days.I also admitted that those people showing bad __13__ to him might have been me.But now I am delighted to allow him to feel treated __14__.In fact everyone should be __15__ as a human being.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者自己和电话推销员之间的故事,并让作者懂得了一个道理:我们应该尊重每一个人。
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1.A.forced B.invited C.called D.allowed
解析　根据后文“I couldn’t talk yet...to call back one hour later”作者让他一小时后打回,可知是电话联系,故选C项。
2.A.choice B.promise C.decision D.excuse
解析　根据本句前半句“unwilling to spend time on those conversations”可知作者不愿和销售员聊天而非真的不能讲话,故可推测“不能讲话”只是一个借口,故选D项。
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3.A.begged B.advised C.warned D.encouraged
解析　根据空格后的内容“他一小时后打过来”可以推测应该是作者找了一个现在不能讲话的借口后试图结束对话,并提议后面再聊,故选B项。
4.A.present B.common C.former D.extra
解析　根据本句内容可知,对方在对比电话中解释的这一服务计划和另外一个。根据常识应该是和目前正在使用的对比,这样才能使得作者感兴趣听下去,故选A项。
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5.A.impatience B.confusion C.agreement D.confidence
解析　根据后文“Sometimes I felt a bit impatient.”偶尔我有点不耐烦,可知前面出现的情绪应该是正面积极的情绪,即给出回应、表示赞同等,故选C项。
6.A.polite B.proud C.excited D.annoyed
解析　根据前文“Sometimes I felt a bit impatient.”和此句的转折词But可知,空格处要填的形容词应该和impatient相反,polite “有礼貌的”符合句意,故选A项。
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7.A.Rarely B.Personally C.Recently D.Usually
解析　根据后文“I haven’t had a conversation without offense”可推测前文推销员描述的情况是常见的情况,这一次很罕见,故选D项。
8.A.shout B.wave C.stare D.smile
解析　根据后文“I haven’t had a conversation without offense”可推测前文推销员描述的情况是受侮辱的场景,shout “吼叫”符合句意,故选A项。
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9.A.bored B.relaxed C.stressed D.amazed
解析　根据本句句意:推销员指出工作后人们会做什么,除了忙别的事,最可能的就是休息放松,故选B项。
10.A.dealt with B.got through C.given back D.taken up
解析　根据前文作者想终止对话未得逞,可知推销员此刻应该是想说他占用了作者的时间,故选D项。
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11.A.argued B.appreciated C.realized D.accepted
解析　根据前文推销员所说的电话中受到的侮辱可推测,作者突然意识到了推销员的不容易,总是被攻击,故选C项。
12.A.communication B.challenge C.attack D.ability
解析　根据前文推销员所说的电话中受到的侮辱可知,此处指语言攻击,故选C项。
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13.A.impression B.character C.demand D.attitude
解析　根据前文的“offense (侮辱)”和“verbal (言语的) attack”可推测,大多数接电话的人态度恶劣,故选D项。]
14.A.seriously B.differently C.unfairly D.badly
解析　根据前文销售员自己所说的“I haven’t had a conversation without offense (侮辱)”可知,之前电话中他总是受侮辱,而这一次没有,即被不一样地对待了,故选B项。
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15.A.respected B.regarded
C.explored D.trusted
解析　前文提到推销员总是被侮辱、受到言语攻击,可知他没有被其他人尊重,而作者选择尊重他,并呼吁所有人都应该尊重他人,故选A项。
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Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·汕尾市高二下期末)
Alcocer Carpio from Bolivia felt like running a marathon after trying to follow the Yingge Dance performance,a 1.____________ (nation) folk art of intangible cultural heritage that is popular in the Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province.
Alcocer Carpio visited her friend Jane in Puning,2.____________ county-level city in the Chaoshan area during the Spring Festival.During her visit,she watched a Yingge Dance performance and Chaoshan Opera,visited traditional Chaoshan houses and 3.____________ (taste) mouth-watering Chaoshan delicacies.
Yingge Dance,also 4.____________ (know) as Hero’s Song,was her favorite.Based on the heroic stories from the novel “Water Margin”,the dance integrates drama,dance and martial arts,with a large-scale group dance as its main performance.Dancers,each 5.____________ (hold) short sticks,jump up and down,incorporating powerful movements and strong rhythms.
“I watched the dance of the 108 faces (heroes) live.What a privilege! It’s a 6.____________ (combine) of opera,dance and modern arts.We had the best run of our lives.We had to run up and down the streets.I had no idea where we were,but we ran behind the dancers,trying to catch up 7.____________ them! It was a special moment and I feel so grateful for this experience,” she said.
Despite growing up 8.____________ (traditional) in the Chaoshan area,Jane didn’t really try to figure out her culture’s meaning.For example,previously she didn’t know the fact 9.____________ there were 108 performers in a Yingge Dance or its origin.Alcocer Carpio’s visit actually gave 10.____________ (she) an opportunity to learn more about the culture and roots.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了玻利维亚游客Alcocer Carpio在中国广东潮汕地区体验英歌舞蹈表演的独特经历和感受。
1.national　 [考查词性转换。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词短语folk art,故填national。]
2.a　 [考查冠词。city为可数名词单数,空前无限定词,所以此处使用冠词,结合句意,此处表示“一个县级城市”为泛指意义,此处使用不定冠词,且county-level的首个音素为辅音,故填a。]
3.tasted　 [考查动词的时态。此处为谓语动词,与上文的watched和visited为并列关系,所以此处使用动词的一般过去式,故填tasted。]
4.known　 [考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰Yingge Dance,know与Yingge Dance之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式,故填known。]
5.holding　 [考查非谓语动词。此处为独立主格结构,hold与逻辑主语each之间为主动关系,所以此处使用动词-ing形式,故填holding。]
6.combination　 [考查词性转换。此处为名词作表语,且空前有不定冠词a,所以此处使用单数形式,故填combination。]
7.with　 [考查介词。此处为固定短语catch up with意为“跟上,赶上”,符合句意。故填with。]
8.traditionally　 [考查词性转换。此处为副词作状语修饰动词,故填traditionally。]
9.that　 [考查名词性从句。此处为连接词引导的同位语从句,对fact进行解释说明,从句中不缺成分,且句意完整,所以此处使用从属连词,故填that。]
10.her　 [考查代词。此处为代词作gave的宾语,应用宾格,故填her。]

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