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Unit 3　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:52.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.shoot
A.v.射击　B.v.拍摄　C.v.射门;投篮
①In the last few seconds of the game, he shot a three-pointer and won the match for his team.　　　
②The movie was shot in Beijing and it appealed to numerous people.　　　
③In the shooting competition, he shot with great precision and won the gold medal.　　　
2.conduct
A.v.指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏)　B.v.带领;引导C.v.传导(热、电)
①The tour guide conducted us around The West Lake.　　　
②Copper is a metal that can conduct electricity very well.　　　
③He was delighted to be invited to conduct the concert in Shanghai.　　　
3.写出下列句中黑体词的含义。
①They are pressing us to make a quick decision.　　　　　　　
②A compass is used to draw perfect circles.　　　　　　　
③The countryside flashed past the train windows.　　　　　　　
④A stream of shoppers flowed into the mall on the weekend.　　　　　　　
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Technology has significantly changed our lives over the past few decades. It has transformed the way we communicate, work, access information, etc. In this article, we’ll explore some aspects of our lives that technology has changed.
1.　　　 Innovations in technology have led to the birth of many new methods of electronic communication, such as social networking websites and video conferences (视频会议). Online social media allow people to keep in touch even if they are thousands of miles distant from each other.
With the rise of remote work, people can now work from anywhere in the world. Collaboration (合作) tools like video conferencing and team messaging apps have made it easier for teams to work together, regardless of their locations.2.　　
Advances in technology have also made online shopping more popular. 3.　　　 Instead of wasting their time in the shopping mall, they rely on technology for a more convenient and time-saving shopping experience.
Besides, technology has reformed education. In the past, people would have to physically go to class, attend a meeting or go to the library to do research. 4.　　　 We can access vast amounts of information on any topic. It becomes easier than ever to stay informed and educated.
Furthermore, technology has made a positive impact on the daily lives of people. 5.　　　 Think about the introduction of self-driving cars: they were unheard of a few years ago, but now they’re a reality. This innovation has greatly increased the efficiency of transport.
A.Technology has improved communication.
B.Nowadays, many people prefer shopping online.
C.Technology has changed the way we entertain ourselves.
D.Now online courses have made education easily available.
E.This has led to increased productivity in various occupations.
F.Positive examples include improvements in the transport system.
G.We can expect further exciting advancements as technology evolves.
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
It seems inspiration strikes when you least expect it. At least, that’s what 　1　 to Abhiudai Mishra, a student at University of British Columbia. 　2　 by a broken bottle, Mishra founded a start-up company to 　3　 glassware (玻璃制品).
While cleaning up after an evening party, Mishra was picking up glass bottles when he 　4　 a bottle. The glass bottle was broken on the floor. As he 　5　 the glass, he wondered, “Where does the glass go after the bottle is broken ” After researching, Mishra learnt that most of glass bottles end up in 　6　 after the glass breaks.
Mishra, along with another student, started 　7　 how glass could be saved from landfills and recycled. They spent hours looking for ways to cut glass using 　8　 like a lighter (打火机) and ice.
Once they learnt how to 　9　 and orderly cut and create all sorts of new items from 　10　 glass, they built a start-up. They 　11　 used glass bottles, and turned them into a variety of items, such as candles and glasses. When they 　12　 these items to local businesses, they got positive feedback.
So far, they have already succeeded in 　13　 many bottles. 　14　 saving glass from landfills and producing beautiful items, they have inspired others to make a 　15　 in making a better world.
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abhiudai Mishra如何创办环保公司并回收玻璃瓶制成新产品的故事。
(　　)1.[A]belonged [B]mattered
[C]happened [D]occurred
(　　)2.[A]Inspired [B]Attracted
[C]Impressed [D]Disappointed
(　　)3.[A]transport [B]produce
[C]measure [D]recycle
(　　)4.[A]received [B]dropped
[C]missed [D]recognised
(　　)5.[A]swept up [B]tried out
[C]concentrated on [D]searched for
(　　)6.[A]factories [B]landfills
[C]rivers [D]farms
(　　)7.[A]asking [B]explaining
[C]thinking [D]arguing
(　　)8.[A]metal [B]machines
[C]furniture [D]tools
(　　)9.[A]neatly [B]carefully
[C]quickly [D]successfully
(　　)10.[A]thick [B]old
[C]colourful [D]outdated
(　　)11.[A]gathered [B]designed
[C]discovered [D]replaced
(　　)12.[A]lent [B]donated
[C]sold [D]recommended
(　　)13.[A]creating [B]exporting
[C]burying [D]rescuing
(　　)14.[A]In spite of [B]In return for
[C]In addition to [D]Instead of
(　　)15.[A]choice [B]decision
[C]promise [D]difference
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,化学课上学习了关于溶解的知识。请你根据提示做一个化学实验, 比较橘子汁和食用油在水中的溶解情况, 然后用英语写一份实验报告。
实验目的:观察橘子汁和食用油这两种物质是否溶解于水。
实验器材:试管、小勺。
实验步骤:将水分别注入两个试管中,并确保水位相等;把两种物质分别放在装有水的两个试管中;5分钟后观察反应。
实验结论:橘子汁溶解了, 食用油没有任何反应。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词语:试管 test tube、小勺 spoon、溶解 dissolve。Unit 3　课时作业(三)
(分值:44分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共9题;每题1分,共9分)
1.A 　　　　(科学的) approach is essential for solving complex problems.
2.We have　　　　 (证据) that this man didn’t steal your car.
3.This book has given us a vivid　　　　 (描述) of the life in the desert.
4.You should follow the normal　　　　 (程序) or you will go wrong.
5.These　　　　 (实验) showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature.
6.Made of 　　　　(金属), the statue weighs up to 225 tons and measures 46 metres high.
7.The scientist made a 　　　　(重要的) breakthrough in robots.
8.The medicine is an effective 　　　　(药剂) for your headache.
9.As is known to all, water 　　　　 (传导) heat faster than air.
【答案】 1.scientific　2.proof　3.account　4.procedure 5.experiments　6.metal　7.significant　8.cure　9.conducts
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.The sports meeting,which was 　　　　 (original) due last Friday,was finally delayed because of the bad weather.
2.We were 　　　　 (entire) confused by what he said in the meeting.
3.You can find the detailed pictures in the 　　　　 (attach) of the email.
4.After three weeks’ discussion,they will sign the 　　　　 (declare) tomorrow.
5.Almost all 　　　　 (fiction) detectives are unreal.
6.Scientists are trying to pull together disparate ideas in 　　　　 (astronomer).
7.The care has been taken to ensure the 　　　　 (accurate) of all information given in this leaflet.
8.Usually,people can feel refreshed both physically and 　　　　 (mental) after a period of relaxation.
9.The new drug has great　　　　(significant) for the treatment of the disease.
10.As a little boy,he showed great interest in 　　　　(chemist).
【答案】 1.originally　2.entirely　3.attachment　4.declaration　5.fictional　6.astronomy　7.accuracy　8.mentally　9.significance　10.chemistry
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.I don’t know who 　　　　　　　　　　(想出) this idea, but it is really wonderful.
2.The old man 　　　　　　　　　　(非常依恋) his pet dog, which has been with him for over ten years.
3.　　　　　　(除了) my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in.
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(尽管这个测试很难), most students managed to pass it.
5.His dream is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(有一天他能环游世界).
【答案】 1.came up with　2.is very attached to 3.Apart from　4.Although the test was difficult　5.that one day he can travel around the world
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
The convenience of modern life brought by technology is nothing short of amazing. I can use my phone to, within moments, get a car to pick me up or have food delivered to my house. The fact that, as a culture, we seek out and celebrate such shortcuts is understandable. They take much of the boredom out of life and save our time and energy.
However, it is important to understand why convenience is so attractive in the first place. Here, the concept of evolutionary (进化) mismatch, rooted in a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, comes into play. For hunter-gatherers, food and energy were in short supply. Survival depended on not wasting energy irresponsibly. Over time, this evolutionary need to save energy has influenced our desire to adapt technology and our environment to make life easier.
Yet, most people can sense that convenience has a darker side. Continually choosing the convenient path lessens the ability to deal with unavoidable difficulties. And, from an evolutionary perspective, some measure of discomfort is just as important to our survival as rest and relaxation. Modern convenience has made it easier to get by, but in many ways, harder to achieve true success.
Ideally, today’s conveniences serve as the support systems that help us achieve our goals — whether it’s exercising for better health, building a career, or raising a family. Achieving these goals always involves some degree of inconvenience, but it is this very difficulty that shapes and develops our character.
In today’s technological world, we must sometimes make a conscious effort to resist our inborn needs. As a culture, we must remember—and remind our young people—that while convenience feels good in the moment, our ability to adapt and overcome challenges is also part of our evolutionary heritage (遗产) and central to the adventure of life.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了现代科技带来的便利和挑战以及如何应对这些挑战。
(　　)1.What does the author want to say in Paragraph 1
[A]We spend a lot of time on phones.
[B]Modern convenience has hidden risks.
[C]Technology makes our life easier.
[D]Functions of phones need improving.
【答案】 C
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知,作者通过举例说明科技给现代生活带来的便利,如用手机叫车、订餐等。这些便利节省了我们的时间和精力,让我们的生活更轻松。故选C。
(　　)2.What makes convenience attractive to us
[A]Our inborn need to save energy.
[B]The development of technology.
[C]Our dependence on food and energy.
[D]The mismatch between life and technology.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Here, the concept of evolutionary (进化) mismatch... make life easier.”可知,是生活与技术之间的不匹配让便利对我们有吸引力。故选D。
(　　)3.How does modern convenience affect our ability to succeed
[A]It makes our life easier by removing difficulties.
[B]It prevents us from facing necessary discomfort.
[C]It provides us with tools to overcome challenges.
[D]It helps us by reducing the need for relaxation.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,持续选择便利的道路,减弱了我们应对不可避免的困难的能力。从进化的角度看,一定程度的不适对我们的生存很重要,而现代便利使我们难以面对必要的不适,从而使我们更难实现真正的成功。故选B。
(　　)4.What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
[A]Rising to challenges.
[B]Following our inborn needs.
[C]Adapting to the modern life.
[D]Seeking for conveniences.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,作者认为在如今的技术世界中,我们有时要努力抵制天生的需求,要记住并提醒年轻人,虽然便利在当下让人感到很好,但我们适应和克服挑战的能力也是进化遗产的一部分,是生活冒险的核心,即作者建议我们要勇敢面对挑战。故选A。Unit 3　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Napoleon was one of the most 　　　　(有能力的) generals in history.
2.She has a strong 　　　　(渴望) to go abroad for further study.
3.New technology has enabled the development of an online　　　　 (虚拟的) library.
4.He charges the 　　　　(电池) of his electric car every two days.
5.The 　　　　 (柔韧的) branches of the willow tree were swaying (摇动) gently in the breeze.
6.She 　　　　 (按) her face against the window to see what was happening outside.
7.In the dark night, suddenly a white light 　　　　 (射出) towards my eyes, and I could see nothing.
8.Could you move all that 　　　　 (物品) off the table
9.Without 　　　　 (指南针), it is easy to get lost in such a thick forest.
10.The scientist used a powerful computer to 　　　　 (计算) the complex mathematical equations.
【答案】 1.capable　2.desire　3.virtual　4.battery 5.flexible　6.pressed　7.shot　8.stuff　9.compasses　pute
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.It is believed that it is his ability to work under 　　　　 (press) that led to his great success.
2.The 　　　　 (flexible) of distance learning would be particularly suited to busy managers.
3.As a scientist,he has the 　　　　 (capable) of doing important research.
4.The house is well designed and has many 　　　　 (desire) features,making it visited by many people.
5.The designer works on projects related to 　　　　 (wear) tech.
6.In terms 　　　　 cost, this option is more affordable than the others.
7.Thanks 　　　　 your advice, I made the right decision.
8.Start 　　　　 small steps and you’ll eventually achieve your goal.
9.The hotel offers free breakfast. 　　　　 addition, it provides the gym for free.
10.Lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet can lead 　　　　 obesity.
【答案】 1.pressure　2.flexibility　3.capability 4.desirable　5.wearable　6.of　7.to
8.with　9.In　10.to
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　(是哪本书) you recommended to me
2.The painting, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(是由一位著名的艺术家创作的), attracts many visitors every year.
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (他的声音颤抖着), he made a sincere apology to his mother.
4.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(发现这部电影真的很令人兴奋).
5.　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　(老师在课堂上强调的内容) is of great importance.
【答案】 1.Which book was it that　2.which was created by a famous artist　3.With his voice trembling　4.found this movie really exciting　5.What the teacher emphasised in class
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Kids and science seem to be
made for each other!
The basic science is a combination of thought and experiment called the scientific method.It’s where you start with an idea,create a way to prove or disprove your idea,and show what you learnt based on facts.Learning to follow this process helps you think logically (逻辑地) and carefully.These important thinking skills can be used in many areas of study.To give a child practice with these thinking skills is like giving vitamins (维生素) to a developing mind.
One of the greatest things we can teach our children is to love learning.Learning science is a great way to do so.Children are easy to be interested in science.Because much of science is hands-on,it attracts most children.Nothing makes a child sit up and take notice like the “WOW!” of a great science showing.
Science opens doors to many subjects at school.Building love for science can be helpful in other areas of study.For example,one cannot love science for very long without becoming good at its language—maths! So science encourages children to study maths.An interest in science is an interest in how things were once understood compared to how they are understood now.Thus studying science leads itself easily to studying history.And after you do an experiment,you need to write a lab report.Therefore,writing becomes an important part of science.
Science is the basic thing for much of our life.The science of farming shows how our food is produced;biomedical science keeps us healthy;even our beds these days are designed according to scientific facts.We almost eat,sleep and breathe with the help of science! When we prepare the next generation (一代) of creators and policymakers,it is important to make sure they are not only comfortable but also good at science.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了让孩子学习科学的原因。
(　　)1.According to Paragraph 1,what does learning the scientific method mean to kids
[A]Refusing any ideas that are not logical.
[B]Helping them develop thinking skills.
[C]Learning many areas of study.
[D]Learning to do experiments.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Learning to follow this process...in many areas of study.”可知,学习科学方法可以帮助孩子们培养思维方式。故选B。
(　　)2.Which of the following statements would the author agree with
[A]Science is too difficult for children.
[B]Children usually consider science boring.
[C]Science could make children love learning.
[D]Children who can’t think carefully shouldn’t learn science.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知,作者认为学习科学可以让孩子们爱上学习。故选C。
(　　)3.What may happen if a child works hard at science at school
[A]He or she usually loses interest in other activities.
[B]He or she usually has no time for other subjects.
[C]He or she is usually bad at such subjects like history.
[D]He or she is likely to learn many other subjects well.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So science encourages children to...an important part of science.”可知,学好了科学,学好别的科目的可能性也会增大。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the text mainly about
[A]Why science is important.
[B]Why kids should learn science.
[C]What kids should learn at school.
[D]How kids can make use of science.
【答案】 B
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知,本文主要介绍了让孩子学习科学的原因。故选B。Unit 3　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.She published her first short story at the age of fifteen,and has completed a large number of works,which　　　　 (translate) into forty languages.
2.A lot of survivors　　　　 (rescue) already by the rescuers in that territory where the earthquake broke out yesterday.
3.Those robots　　　　 (programme) yet to teach maths lessons and answer questions in different languages.
4.The window　　　　 (clean) by the worker by now.
5.The important problems　　　　 (discuss) for nearly two weeks.
6.The classic novel 　　　　 (adapt) into a movie so that we can enjoy it in the cinema.
7.The dishes 　　　　 (wash), and you don’t need to worry about them.
8.My car 　　　　(repair), so I can drive to work tomorrow.
9.More than 2,000 yuan 　　　　 (collect) by James in the past five months.
10.So far, every possible means 　　　　 (try) by us to solve the problem.
【答案】 1.have been translated　2.have been rescued 3.have been programmed　4.has been cleaned　5.have been discussed　6.has been adapted　7.have been washed　8.has been repaired　9.has been collected 10.has been tried
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.The cake that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我妈妈刚做的) is very delicious.
2.The problem 　　　　　　　　　　　(已经被讨论了) for nearly two hours.
3.We are glad to hear that you 　　　　　　　　　　　　(已经被晋升为) as the sales manager.
4.Many ancient buildings 　　　　　　　　　　　(已经被修复) by experts in the last few years.
5.All books from the library 　　　　　　　　　(已经被归还) on time.
【答案】 1.has just been made by my mother　2.has been discussed　3.have been promoted
4.have been repaired　5.have been returned
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Camels with more fur find it easier to keep cool.This discovery has enabled scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to develop a new cooling material that could keep things like food and medicines cool,without the need for a power supply.
Camels cool down by sweating.When their internal body temperature rises,sweat glands (汗腺) in their skin start to produce sweat.The process of sweat evaporation (蒸发) transports the heat away from the body and keeps the camel cool.
Previous studies of this process have enabled scientists to develop a cooling material that functions like sweat glands.It uses a hydrogel (水凝胶) to hold large amounts of water.A single layer of this hydrogel is able to keep something cool by releasing its water over the course of around 40 hours,after which it has to be replenished with more “sweat”.
The scientists at MIT have come up with a way to increase the time that the hydrogel can keep something cool by copying another trick that camels use.The scientists found that a camel with less fur has to sweat more to stay cool.Similarly,a hydrogel without an insulating layer (隔热层) on top loses water faster than one covered with something that acts as “fur”.
The MIT scientists decided to design an “artificial fur” layer by using an aerogel (气凝胶) that sits on top of the hydrogel and allows water vapour to pass through it.This hydrogel/ aerogel bilayer is less than 1.5 cm thick and is able to maintain a temperature 7℃ lower than its surroundings for 200 hours before it needs to be “recharged” with water.That’s five times longer than the hydrogel layer on its own.
Unlike cooling systems in refrigerators,the hydrogel/aerogel bilayer doesn’t use electricity,making it better for the millions of people around the world without access to a power supply.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了皮毛多的骆驼更容易保持凉爽,这一发现使科学家们得以开发出一种新的冷却材料,在不需要电源的情况下使物体保持低温状态。
(　　)1.What is the second paragraph mainly about
[A]Why camels have to sweat.
[B]How camels cool themselves down.
[C]Why camels find it easy to keep cool.
[D]How camels survive a dry environment.
【答案】 B
【解析】 段落大意题。第二段描述了骆驼在皮肤汗腺的作用下将热量从体内带出体外的过程,即骆驼是如何通过出汗来降低体温的。故选B。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “replenished” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
[A]Refilled. [B]Repaired.
[C]Replaced. [D]Recovered.
【答案】 A
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据倒数第二段中的“This hydrogel/aerogel bilayer is...before it needs to be ‘recharged’ with water.”可知,水凝胶里原有的水耗完后,需要再次注水才能继续发挥作用,因此refilled(重新装满)与画线词意思相近。故选A。
(　　)3.Why did the MIT scientists design the hydrogel/aerogel bilayer
[A]To protect the hydrogel layer.
[B]To make the hydrogel stronger.
[C]To make the hydrogel function longer.
[D]To enable the hydrogel to hold more water.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。第四段第一句提到科学家找到了一种增加水凝胶冷却时间的办法;紧接着第五段指出,科学家们受骆驼皮毛的启发,设计出一种水凝胶/气凝胶双分子层。由此可知,科学家们设计这种材料是为了让原本的单层水凝胶的功能更持久。故选C。
(　　)4.What can we infer about the new cooling material
[A]It is water-proof.
[B]It is a single-use material.
[C]It is environment-friendly.
[D]It is sensitive to temperature changes.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句和最后一段中的“...the hydrogel/aerogel bilayer doesn’t use electricity”可知,这种双层设计的冷却材料并非一次性材料,且无须通电即可使用,因此可推测这种材料节能环保。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Citizen science is science for everyone.Specifically,citizen science is when the public
1.　　　　 (voluntary) helps conduct research.Most citizen scientists collect data with tools provided 2.　　　　 project directors.These data help professional scientists answer 3.　　　　(science) questions and solve important problems.Anyone can be a citizen scientist.All it takes is some time,4.　　　　(curious),and a sense of wonder.
Why is the term “citizen science” used Most people and organisations in this field intend “citizen” 5.　　　　(mean) a general citizen of the world,not a legally-defined citizen of a country.When someone mentions “citizen science”,there tends to be 6.　　　　 immediate understanding of what they’re talking about.
Community science is one particular type of citizen science—one in 7.　　　　 a community drives the project.In community science,a community may pose the research question,decide what type of data to collect,or use the results to inform some action.There
8.　　　　(be) typically a professional scientist or organisation that works together with the community.
Another reason is that science is for everyone,no matter whether you 9.　　 　　(participate) in science or not in the past.The citizen science is devoted to making science inclusive to all and 10.　　　　(ensure) that every person has the right and the opportunity to participate in science.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。公众科学是面向大众的科学,是指公众自愿帮助进行研究的科学种类。文章对这一科学种类进行了详细介绍。
1.【答案】 voluntarily
【解析】 考查副词。修饰动词helps应用副词形式作状语,意为“自愿地”。故填voluntarily。
2.【答案】 by
【解析】 考查介词。根据“project directors”可知,此处是指由项目负责人提供的工具,应用介词by引出动作的发出者。故填by。
3.【答案】 scientific
【解析】 考查形容词。修饰名词questions应用science的形容词形式作定语,意为“科学的”。故填scientific。
4.【答案】 curiosity
【解析】 考查名词。根据“some time”和“a sense of wonder”可知,此处应用名词形式。故填curiosity。
5.【答案】 to mean
【解析】 考查动词不定式。空处应用动词不定式作intend的宾语补足语。故填to mean。
6.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。名词understanding意为“理解”,在此处作可数名词,且第一次出现,应用不定冠词表泛指;immediate以元音音素开头。故填an。
7.【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。根据“a community drives the project”可知,此处是指在社区科学的范畴里,定语从句中缺少介词in的宾语,且先行词one指代上文的Community science,指物。故填which。
8.【答案】 is
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时。there be句型适用“就近原则”,谓语动词应用单数。故填is。
9.【答案】 participated
【解析】 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,空处为从句谓语动词,结合时间状语in the past可知,空处应用一般过去时。故填participated。
10.【答案】 ensuring
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。be devoted to doing sth意为“致力于做某事”,空处应用动名词作宾语。故填ensuring。Unit 3　课时作业(三)
(分值:44分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共9题;每题1分,共9分)
1.A 　　　　(科学的) approach is essential for solving complex problems.
2.We have　　　　 (证据) that this man didn’t steal your car.
3.This book has given us a vivid　　　　 (描述) of the life in the desert.
4.You should follow the normal　　　　 (程序) or you will go wrong.
5.These　　　　 (实验) showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature.
6.Made of 　　　　(金属), the statue weighs up to 225 tons and measures 46 metres high.
7.The scientist made a 　　　　(重要的) breakthrough in robots.
8.The medicine is an effective 　　　　(药剂) for your headache.
9.As is known to all, water 　　　　 (传导) heat faster than air.
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.The sports meeting,which was 　　　　 (original) due last Friday,was finally delayed because of the bad weather.
2.We were 　　　　 (entire) confused by what he said in the meeting.
3.You can find the detailed pictures in the 　　　　 (attach) of the email.
4.After three weeks’ discussion,they will sign the 　　　　 (declare) tomorrow.
5.Almost all 　　　　 (fiction) detectives are unreal.
6.Scientists are trying to pull together disparate ideas in 　　　　 (astronomer).
7.The care has been taken to ensure the 　　　　 (accurate) of all information given in this leaflet.
8.Usually,people can feel refreshed both physically and 　　　　 (mental) after a period of relaxation.
9.The new drug has great　　　　(significant) for the treatment of the disease.
10.As a little boy,he showed great interest in 　　　　(chemist).
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.I don’t know who 　　　　　　　　　　(想出) this idea, but it is really wonderful.
2.The old man 　　　　　　　　　　(非常依恋) his pet dog, which has been with him for over ten years.
3.　　　　　　(除了) my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in.
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(尽管这个测试很难), most students managed to pass it.
5.His dream is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(有一天他能环游世界).
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
The convenience of modern life brought by technology is nothing short of amazing. I can use my phone to, within moments, get a car to pick me up or have food delivered to my house. The fact that, as a culture, we seek out and celebrate such shortcuts is understandable. They take much of the boredom out of life and save our time and energy.
However, it is important to understand why convenience is so attractive in the first place. Here, the concept of evolutionary (进化) mismatch, rooted in a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, comes into play. For hunter-gatherers, food and energy were in short supply. Survival depended on not wasting energy irresponsibly. Over time, this evolutionary need to save energy has influenced our desire to adapt technology and our environment to make life easier.
Yet, most people can sense that convenience has a darker side. Continually choosing the convenient path lessens the ability to deal with unavoidable difficulties. And, from an evolutionary perspective, some measure of discomfort is just as important to our survival as rest and relaxation. Modern convenience has made it easier to get by, but in many ways, harder to achieve true success.
Ideally, today’s conveniences serve as the support systems that help us achieve our goals — whether it’s exercising for better health, building a career, or raising a family. Achieving these goals always involves some degree of inconvenience, but it is this very difficulty that shapes and develops our character.
In today’s technological world, we must sometimes make a conscious effort to resist our inborn needs. As a culture, we must remember—and remind our young people—that while convenience feels good in the moment, our ability to adapt and overcome challenges is also part of our evolutionary heritage (遗产) and central to the adventure of life.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了现代科技带来的便利和挑战以及如何应对这些挑战。
(　　)1.What does the author want to say in Paragraph 1
[A]We spend a lot of time on phones.
[B]Modern convenience has hidden risks.
[C]Technology makes our life easier.
[D]Functions of phones need improving.
(　　)2.What makes convenience attractive to us
[A]Our inborn need to save energy.
[B]The development of technology.
[C]Our dependence on food and energy.
[D]The mismatch between life and technology.
(　　)3.How does modern convenience affect our ability to succeed
[A]It makes our life easier by removing difficulties.
[B]It prevents us from facing necessary discomfort.
[C]It provides us with tools to overcome challenges.
[D]It helps us by reducing the need for relaxation.
(　　)4.What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
[A]Rising to challenges.
[B]Following our inborn needs.
[C]Adapting to the modern life.
[D]Seeking for conveniences.Unit 3　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Napoleon was one of the most 　　　　(有能力的) generals in history.
2.She has a strong 　　　　(渴望) to go abroad for further study.
3.New technology has enabled the development of an online　　　　 (虚拟的) library.
4.He charges the 　　　　(电池) of his electric car every two days.
5.The 　　　　 (柔韧的) branches of the willow tree were swaying (摇动) gently in the breeze.
6.She 　　　　 (按) her face against the window to see what was happening outside.
7.In the dark night, suddenly a white light 　　　　 (射出) towards my eyes, and I could see nothing.
8.Could you move all that 　　　　 (物品) off the table
9.Without 　　　　 (指南针), it is easy to get lost in such a thick forest.
10.The scientist used a powerful computer to 　　　　 (计算) the complex mathematical equations.
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.It is believed that it is his ability to work under 　　　　 (press) that led to his great success.
2.The 　　　　 (flexible) of distance learning would be particularly suited to busy managers.
3.As a scientist,he has the 　　　　 (capable) of doing important research.
4.The house is well designed and has many 　　　　 (desire) features,making it visited by many people.
5.The designer works on projects related to 　　　　 (wear) tech.
6.In terms 　　　　 cost, this option is more affordable than the others.
7.Thanks 　　　　 your advice, I made the right decision.
8.Start 　　　　 small steps and you’ll eventually achieve your goal.
9.The hotel offers free breakfast. 　　　　 addition, it provides the gym for free.
10.Lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet can lead 　　　　 obesity.
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　(是哪本书) you recommended to me
2.The painting, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(是由一位著名的艺术家创作的), attracts many visitors every year.
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (他的声音颤抖着), he made a sincere apology to his mother.
4.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(发现这部电影真的很令人兴奋).
5.　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　(老师在课堂上强调的内容) is of great importance.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Kids and science seem to be
made for each other!
The basic science is a combination of thought and experiment called the scientific method.It’s where you start with an idea,create a way to prove or disprove your idea,and show what you learnt based on facts.Learning to follow this process helps you think logically (逻辑地) and carefully.These important thinking skills can be used in many areas of study.To give a child practice with these thinking skills is like giving vitamins (维生素) to a developing mind.
One of the greatest things we can teach our children is to love learning.Learning science is a great way to do so.Children are easy to be interested in science.Because much of science is hands-on,it attracts most children.Nothing makes a child sit up and take notice like the “WOW!” of a great science showing.
Science opens doors to many subjects at school.Building love for science can be helpful in other areas of study.For example,one cannot love science for very long without becoming good at its language—maths! So science encourages children to study maths.An interest in science is an interest in how things were once understood compared to how they are understood now.Thus studying science leads itself easily to studying history.And after you do an experiment,you need to write a lab report.Therefore,writing becomes an important part of science.
Science is the basic thing for much of our life.The science of farming shows how our food is produced;biomedical science keeps us healthy;even our beds these days are designed according to scientific facts.We almost eat,sleep and breathe with the help of science! When we prepare the next generation (一代) of creators and policymakers,it is important to make sure they are not only comfortable but also good at science.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了让孩子学习科学的原因。
(　　)1.According to Paragraph 1,what does learning the scientific method mean to kids
[A]Refusing any ideas that are not logical.
[B]Helping them develop thinking skills.
[C]Learning many areas of study.
[D]Learning to do experiments.
(　　)2.Which of the following statements would the author agree with
[A]Science is too difficult for children.
[B]Children usually consider science boring.
[C]Science could make children love learning.
[D]Children who can’t think carefully shouldn’t learn science.
(　　)3.What may happen if a child works hard at science at school
[A]He or she usually loses interest in other activities.
[B]He or she usually has no time for other subjects.
[C]He or she is usually bad at such subjects like history.
[D]He or she is likely to learn many other subjects well.
(　　)4.What is the text mainly about
[A]Why science is important.
[B]Why kids should learn science.
[C]What kids should learn at school.
[D]How kids can make use of science.Unit 3　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.She published her first short story at the age of fifteen,and has completed a large number of works,which　　　　 (translate) into forty languages.
2.A lot of survivors　　　　 (rescue) already by the rescuers in that territory where the earthquake broke out yesterday.
3.Those robots　　　　 (programme) yet to teach maths lessons and answer questions in different languages.
4.The window　　　　 (clean) by the worker by now.
5.The important problems　　　　 (discuss) for nearly two weeks.
6.The classic novel 　　　　 (adapt) into a movie so that we can enjoy it in the cinema.
7.The dishes 　　　　 (wash), and you don’t need to worry about them.
8.My car 　　　　(repair), so I can drive to work tomorrow.
9.More than 2,000 yuan 　　　　 (collect) by James in the past five months.
10.So far, every possible means 　　　　 (try) by us to solve the problem.
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.The cake that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我妈妈刚做的) is very delicious.
2.The problem 　　　　　　　　　　　(已经被讨论了) for nearly two hours.
3.We are glad to hear that you 　　　　　　　　　　　　(已经被晋升为) as the sales manager.
4.Many ancient buildings 　　　　　　　　　　　(已经被修复) by experts in the last few years.
5.All books from the library 　　　　　　　　　(已经被归还) on time.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Camels with more fur find it easier to keep cool.This discovery has enabled scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to develop a new cooling material that could keep things like food and medicines cool,without the need for a power supply.
Camels cool down by sweating.When their internal body temperature rises,sweat glands (汗腺) in their skin start to produce sweat.The process of sweat evaporation (蒸发) transports the heat away from the body and keeps the camel cool.
Previous studies of this process have enabled scientists to develop a cooling material that functions like sweat glands.It uses a hydrogel (水凝胶) to hold large amounts of water.A single layer of this hydrogel is able to keep something cool by releasing its water over the course of around 40 hours,after which it has to be replenished with more “sweat”.
The scientists at MIT have come up with a way to increase the time that the hydrogel can keep something cool by copying another trick that camels use.The scientists found that a camel with less fur has to sweat more to stay cool.Similarly,a hydrogel without an insulating layer (隔热层) on top loses water faster than one covered with something that acts as “fur”.
The MIT scientists decided to design an “artificial fur” layer by using an aerogel (气凝胶) that sits on top of the hydrogel and allows water vapour to pass through it.This hydrogel/ aerogel bilayer is less than 1.5 cm thick and is able to maintain a temperature 7℃ lower than its surroundings for 200 hours before it needs to be “recharged” with water.That’s five times longer than the hydrogel layer on its own.
Unlike cooling systems in refrigerators,the hydrogel/aerogel bilayer doesn’t use electricity,making it better for the millions of people around the world without access to a power supply.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了皮毛多的骆驼更容易保持凉爽,这一发现使科学家们得以开发出一种新的冷却材料,在不需要电源的情况下使物体保持低温状态。
(　　)1.What is the second paragraph mainly about
[A]Why camels have to sweat.
[B]How camels cool themselves down.
[C]Why camels find it easy to keep cool.
[D]How camels survive a dry environment.
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “replenished” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
[A]Refilled. [B]Repaired.
[C]Replaced. [D]Recovered.
(　　)3.Why did the MIT scientists design the hydrogel/aerogel bilayer
[A]To protect the hydrogel layer.
[B]To make the hydrogel stronger.
[C]To make the hydrogel function longer.
[D]To enable the hydrogel to hold more water.
(　　)4.What can we infer about the new cooling material
[A]It is water-proof.
[B]It is a single-use material.
[C]It is environment-friendly.
[D]It is sensitive to temperature changes.
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Citizen science is science for everyone.Specifically,citizen science is when the public
1.　　　　 (voluntary) helps conduct research.Most citizen scientists collect data with tools provided 2.　　　　 project directors.These data help professional scientists answer 3.　　　　(science) questions and solve important problems.Anyone can be a citizen scientist.All it takes is some time,4.　　　　(curious),and a sense of wonder.
Why is the term “citizen science” used Most people and organisations in this field intend “citizen” 5.　　　　(mean) a general citizen of the world,not a legally-defined citizen of a country.When someone mentions “citizen science”,there tends to be 6.　　　　 immediate understanding of what they’re talking about.
Community science is one particular type of citizen science—one in 7.　　　　 a community drives the project.In community science,a community may pose the research question,decide what type of data to collect,or use the results to inform some action.There
8.　　　　(be) typically a professional scientist or organisation that works together with the community.
Another reason is that science is for everyone,no matter whether you 9.　　 　　(participate) in science or not in the past.The citizen science is devoted to making science inclusive to all and 10.　　　　(ensure) that every person has the right and the opportunity to participate in science. Unit 3　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:52.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.shoot
A.v.射击　B.v.拍摄　C.v.射门;投篮
①In the last few seconds of the game, he shot a three-pointer and won the match for his team.　　　
②The movie was shot in Beijing and it appealed to numerous people.　　　
③In the shooting competition, he shot with great precision and won the gold medal.　　　
【答案】 ①C　②B　③A
2.conduct
A.v.指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏)　B.v.带领;引导C.v.传导(热、电)
①The tour guide conducted us around The West Lake.　　　
②Copper is a metal that can conduct electricity very well.　　　
③He was delighted to be invited to conduct the concert in Shanghai.　　　
【答案】 ①B　②C　③A
3.写出下列句中黑体词的含义。
①They are pressing us to make a quick decision.　　　　　　　
②A compass is used to draw perfect circles.　　　　　　　
③The countryside flashed past the train windows.　　　　　　　
④A stream of shoppers flowed into the mall on the weekend.　　　　　　　
【答案】 ①v. 催促　②n. 圆规　③v. 飞速运动;掠过　④n. (人)流
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Technology has significantly changed our lives over the past few decades. It has transformed the way we communicate, work, access information, etc. In this article, we’ll explore some aspects of our lives that technology has changed.
1.　　　 Innovations in technology have led to the birth of many new methods of electronic communication, such as social networking websites and video conferences (视频会议). Online social media allow people to keep in touch even if they are thousands of miles distant from each other.
With the rise of remote work, people can now work from anywhere in the world. Collaboration (合作) tools like video conferencing and team messaging apps have made it easier for teams to work together, regardless of their locations.2.　　
Advances in technology have also made online shopping more popular. 3.　　　 Instead of wasting their time in the shopping mall, they rely on technology for a more convenient and time-saving shopping experience.
Besides, technology has reformed education. In the past, people would have to physically go to class, attend a meeting or go to the library to do research. 4.　　　 We can access vast amounts of information on any topic. It becomes easier than ever to stay informed and educated.
Furthermore, technology has made a positive impact on the daily lives of people. 5.　　　 Think about the introduction of self-driving cars: they were unheard of a few years ago, but now they’re a reality. This innovation has greatly increased the efficiency of transport.
A.Technology has improved communication.
B.Nowadays, many people prefer shopping online.
C.Technology has changed the way we entertain ourselves.
D.Now online courses have made education easily available.
E.This has led to increased productivity in various occupations.
F.Positive examples include improvements in the transport system.
G.We can expect further exciting advancements as technology evolves.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科技改变生活的几个方面。
1.【答案】 A
【解析】 此处位于段首,为本段中心句。根据下文可知,本段主要讲述了科技对通讯方式的改变,A项符合本段主题。故选A。
2.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据上文可知,本段主要讲述了随着远程工作的兴起,合作工具使得团队工作更便捷,强调了科技对工作的影响。E项中的increased productivity说明了科技给工作带来的积极变化,符合语境。故选E。
3.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据设空处上下文可知,本段主要讲述了科技对购物的改变。B项既是对上文的进一步说明,又能引出下文对人们网上购物行为的描述,符合语境。故选B。
4.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“Besides, technology has reformed education.”可知,本段主要讲述的是科技对教育方面的影响。D项符合本段主题,体现了科技对教育的改变。故选D。
5.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据上文“Furthermore, technology has made a positive impact on the daily lives of people.”可知,本段主要讲述了科技对人们的日常生活产生了积极的影响。F项中的Positive examples对应上文中的positive impact,引出下文的具体举例,符合语境。故选F。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
It seems inspiration strikes when you least expect it. At least, that’s what 　1　 to Abhiudai Mishra, a student at University of British Columbia. 　2　 by a broken bottle, Mishra founded a start-up company to 　3　 glassware (玻璃制品).
While cleaning up after an evening party, Mishra was picking up glass bottles when he 　4　 a bottle. The glass bottle was broken on the floor. As he 　5　 the glass, he wondered, “Where does the glass go after the bottle is broken ” After researching, Mishra learnt that most of glass bottles end up in 　6　 after the glass breaks.
Mishra, along with another student, started 　7　 how glass could be saved from landfills and recycled. They spent hours looking for ways to cut glass using 　8　 like a lighter (打火机) and ice.
Once they learnt how to 　9　 and orderly cut and create all sorts of new items from 　10　 glass, they built a start-up. They 　11　 used glass bottles, and turned them into a variety of items, such as candles and glasses. When they 　12　 these items to local businesses, they got positive feedback.
So far, they have already succeeded in 　13　 many bottles. 　14　 saving glass from landfills and producing beautiful items, they have inspired others to make a 　15　 in making a better world.
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abhiudai Mishra如何创办环保公司并回收玻璃瓶制成新产品的故事。
(　　)1.[A]belonged [B]mattered
[C]happened [D]occurred
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“It seems inspiration strikes when you least expect it. At least, that’s what”和下文“by a broken bottle, Mishra founded a start-up company to 　3　 glassware (玻璃制品)”可知,灵感似乎在你最意想不到的时候出现,这种情况发生在了Abhiudai Mishra的身上。happen to sb意为“发生在某人身上”,符合语境。故选C。
(　　)2.[A]Inspired [B]Attracted
[C]Impressed [D]Disappointed
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“Mishra founded a start-up company”可知,Mishra创立了一家公司,这是因为他受到了启发(Inspired)。故选A。
(　　)3.[A]transport [B]produce
[C]measure [D]recycle
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“glass could be saved from landfills and recycled”可知,Mishra的公司是为了回收利用(recycle)玻璃制品。故选D。
(　　)4.[A]received [B]dropped
[C]missed [D]recognised
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“The glass bottle was broken on the floor.”可知,瓶子掉在地上摔碎了,所以此处表示一个瓶子掉下(dropped)。故选B。
(　　)5.[A]swept up [B]tried out
[C]concentrated on [D]searched for
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“The glass bottle was broken on the floor.”和下文“the glass”可知,此处表示Mishra清扫(swept up)玻璃碎片。故选A。
(　　)6.[A]factories [B]landfills
[C]rivers [D]farms
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“how glass could be saved from landfills”可知,此处表示大部分玻璃瓶被打碎后最终会进入垃圾填埋场(landfills)。故选B。
(　　)7.[A]asking [B]explaining
[C]thinking [D]arguing
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“how glass could be saved from landfills and recycled”可知,下文是Mishra和另一位同学开始思考(thinking)的内容。故选C。
(　　)8.[A]metal [B]machines
[C]furniture [D]tools
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“like a lighter (打火机) and ice”可知,此处表示使用打火机、冰块等工具(tools)。故选D。
(　　)9.[A]neatly [B]carefully
[C]quickly [D]successfully
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“and orderly cut and create all sorts of new items”可知,此处表示有序且整齐地(neatly)切割。故选A。
(　　)10.[A]thick [B]old
[C]colourful [D]outdated
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“used glass bottles”可知,此处表示从旧的(old)玻璃中创造新物品,是下文“used”的同义词复现。故选B。
(　　)11.[A]gathered [B]designed
[C]discovered [D]replaced
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“used glass bottles”可知,此处表示收集(gathered)用过的玻璃瓶。故选A。
(　　)12.[A]lent [B]donated
[C]sold [D]recommended
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“these items to local businesses”和“got positive feedback”可知,此处表示把这些物品卖(sold)给当地企业并得到了积极的反馈。故选C。
(　　)13.[A]creating [B]exporting
[C]burying [D]rescuing
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“saving glass from landfills”可知,此处表示他们已经成功地拯救(rescuing)了很多瓶子。故选D。
(　　)14.[A]In spite of [B]In return for
[C]In addition to [D]Instead of
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“saving glass from landfills and producing beautiful items, they have inspired others to make a 　15　 in making a better world”可知,此处表示除了从垃圾填埋场拯救玻璃和生产精美物品外,他们还激励了其他人。In addition to意为“除了……之外”,符合语境。故选C。
(　　)15.[A]choice [B]decision
[C]promise [D]difference
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“they have inspired others”和下文“in making a better world”可知,此处表示他们也在激励其他人在创造更美好的世界方面起作用。make a difference意为“有影响,起作用”,符合语境。故选D。
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,化学课上学习了关于溶解的知识。请你根据提示做一个化学实验, 比较橘子汁和食用油在水中的溶解情况, 然后用英语写一份实验报告。
实验目的:观察橘子汁和食用油这两种物质是否溶解于水。
实验器材:试管、小勺。
实验步骤:将水分别注入两个试管中,并确保水位相等;把两种物质分别放在装有水的两个试管中;5分钟后观察反应。
实验结论:橘子汁溶解了, 食用油没有任何反应。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词语:试管 test tube、小勺 spoon、溶解 dissolve。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
The aim of the experiment is to find out whether orange juice and oil dissolve in water.To carry out the experiment,we need the following things:test tubes and spoons.When all these things are ready,we can carry out the experiment.
First, pour water into two test tubes.Make sure the water level is equal in both tubes. Next,put a spoonful of orange juice into one tube,and a spoonful of oil into the other.After that,leave the tubes for five minutes.
According to the notes of the experiment,it is found that the orange juice has dissolved. However,the oil remains on the surface.We can draw a conclusion that orange juice dissolves in water quickly while oil is hard to dissolve in water.

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