资源简介

(共53张PPT)
沪教牛津版八年级下册
Section 4
Key question
Unit 7
Space exploration
主题范畴：
人与自然；人与社会
What do you know about the development of China’s space station
Focusing on culture
聚焦文化
rocket
Brainstorming
astronaut
space station
Look at the pictures. What do you see Work in pairs and talk about what you know about China’s space station.
Lead-in
Why was it built
What are its main parts
When was it built / launched
Who works there What do they do
What’s special or interesting about it
Before you read, discuss what you think you will learn about Tiangong from the article.





Pre-reading
Let’s predict!
v. 传送；运载
n. 燃料
n. 供应量；供给量
n. 时刻；阶段
n. 实验室
肉眼
deliver /d 'l v (r)/
*fuel /'fju l/
supply /s 'pla /
point /p nt/
lab /l b/
naked eye
Pre-reading
New words and phrases
Reading
Tiangong: China’s space station
Chinese people have long dreamt of exploring space. In 2022, China finished building a space station called Tiangong (“Heavenly Palace”). The name comes from ancient Chinese legends about the sky.
The most important part of Tiangong space station is called Tianhe (“Harmony of Heavens”). It was sent into space on 29 April 2021. Just a few weeks after it arrived at its destination, Tianhe got its first visitor—the Tianzhou-2 spacecraft. The spacecraft delivered fuel, equipment, tools and supplies for the astronauts. At this point, the space station was ready to receive human visitors. Seven weeks later, the first three astronauts arrived at Tianhe on Shenzhou-12. The crew spent three months testing equipment and preparing it for future astronauts. Since then, several more Shenzhou crews have visited Tiangong, and two more lab modules (Wentian and Mengtian) have been added.
Reading
Astronauts on space missions are always very busy. They need to do important experiments and collect scientific data. But it is definitely an amazing experience. The astronauts get to go on spacewalks, and they can see the sun rise 16 times in one day because Tiangong travels at about 28,000 kilometres an hour. That means it only takes about 90 minutes to go around the Earth!
At a height of about 400 kilometres above the Earth, Tiangong passes across the sky. We do not need any special tools to see it: the space station can be seen from most parts of the world with the naked eye. If you know when and where to look, you will see a tiny shiny object moving across the night sky.
China’s first-ever spacewalk was about 20 minutes long and was performed by Zhai Zhigang in 2008. On 4 July 2021, the first spacewalk outside the Tiangong space station was performed by Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo. Their spacewalk
lasted 6 hours and 46 minutes.
Notes
中国首次太空行走时长约20分钟，由翟志刚于2008年完成。2021年7月4日，天宫空间站外的首次太空行走由刘伯明和汤洪波完成，他们的太空行走持续了6小时46分钟。
中国空间站“天宫”的命名极具文化深意，它源于中国古代神话传说，体现了中国人对宇宙浪漫且富有诗意的想象，将传统文化与现代航天科技完美融合，同时也表明中国空间站将是一个长期、安全、稳定运行且宜居的“太空家园”。
天宫空间站由天和核心舱、问天实验舱、梦天实验舱三个基本舱段组成，它们不仅代表着中国航天工程的巨大成就，更反映出中国在航天领域从追赶者到引领者的转变。
文化背景
1. Match each paragraph to its topic.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
What astronauts do on the space station
Seeing Tiangong from Earth
Tianhe and the first missions
Introduction and name
Fast-reading
on 29 April 2021: Tianhe was sent into space
just a few weeks after: Tianhe got its first visitor—Tianzhou-2
seven weeks later: the first three astronauts arrived on Shenzhou-12
since then: several more Shenzhou crews have visited
2. Look at paragraph 2. In what order does the writer present the information Which time expressions help show the order of the events
Time order.
Work in pairs. Read the article and answer the questions.
Where does the name “Tiangong” come from, and what does it mean
What is the most important part of the space station and when was it launched
Which spacecraft visited Tianhe first What did it deliver
What do the astronauts on the space station do
Why do astronauts see 16 sunrises in one day
How high above Earth is the space station Can we see it from Earth without a telescope
Careful-reading
1. Where does the name “Tiangong” come from, and what
does it mean
2. What is the most important part of the space station
and when was it launched
The name “Tiangong” comes from ancient Chinese legends about the sky. It means “Heavenly Palace” in Chinese.
The most important part is the core module “Tianhe”. It was sent into space on 29 April 2021.
3. Which spacecraft visited Tianhe first What did it
deliver
Tianzhou-2 visited Tianhe first. It delivered fuel, equipment, tools and supplies for the astronauts.
4. What do the astronauts on the space station do
They do important experiments and collect scientific data. They also go on spacewalks.
6. How high above Earth is the space station Can we see
it from Earth without a telescope
5. Why do astronauts see 16 sunrises in one day
Because Tiangong travels very fast — about 28,000 kilometres per hour. It only takes 90 minutes to orbit the Earth, so astronauts see a sunrise every 90 minutes.
It is about 400 kilometres above the Earth. We can see it with the naked eye from most parts of the world. It is a tiny shiny object moving in the night sky.
2 Answer the questions below with the information from the article on page 110.
(1) When was the core module Tianhe sent into space
(2) Which spacecraft reached Tianhe first, Shenzhou-12 or Tianzhou-2
(3) What are astronauts busy with when they visit the space station
(4) Why can astronauts see the sun rise 16 times in one day
It was sent into space on 29 April 2021.
The cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-2 arrived at Tianhe first.
They do important experiments and collect scientific data.
Because Tiangong travels at about 28, 000 km/h, it only takes about 90 minutes to go around the Earth. In other words, the space station goes around the Earth 16 times in 24 hours.
3 Complete the sentences with the words and the phrase below. Change the form if necessary.
deliver lab naked eye point supply
(1) If you know where to look, you can see Mars with the
___________ at certain times of year.
(2) Astronauts need a steady ___________ of oxygen to survive in
space.
(3) Scientists often do their experiments in a ___________.
(4) Cargo spaceships regularly ___________ food and other things
to the astronauts on the space station.
(5) At some ___________ in the future, human beings will visit
Mars.
naked eye
supply
lab
deliver
point
Post-reading
Do you want to visit the Tiangong space station
What do you want to see and do there Share your
ideas with the class.
Discuss the question below.
Your ideas
The writer described Tiangong as a “tiny shiny object moving across the night sky”. How does this description make you feel
Why do you think the names “Tiangong”, “Tianhe”, “Wentian” and “Mengtian” were chosen What’s the idea behind these names
Discuss the questions below in groups.
These names were taken from ancient Chinese stories and poems. For example, the name “Tianwen” comes from a poem by Qu Yuan. When the astronauts do experiments, they help answer questions about the universe, so “Tianwen” is a good name for a lab module.
It makes me feel amazed. This description reminds us how big the universe is, and how small we are.
What’s next for space travel Go online and find out more about future possibilities for space exploration.
Exploring more
What has slowed down the development of space tourism
How many people have been into space How many of them have died in the process
The enormous cost and the very real risks.
What’s next for space travel Watch a video clip about space exploration and answer the questions below.
About 500 people have been into space, and 18 of them have died in the process.
Space—what’s next
Since long before man first walked on the moon in 1969, people have been fascinated with the idea of travelling into space. Today, many countries, from China to France, can launch rockets.
And 400 kilometres above our heads, the six-person international crew of the ISS are working hard. They are doing important experiments, and collecting information about our solar system and the Earth.
But today a lot of space travel is less about science and human exploration, and more about big business. Most of the rockets launched now do not have any people on board. They are unmanned craft sending satellites into space for multinational corporations.
So, what’s next for the people who still dream that one day, they will see the Earth from space
Video script
For many years, some people have believed that the age of mass space tourism is on the horizon, but the development of this industry has been quite slow.
There are very few people who will ever be able to afford to try space tourism. And for most people, the experience will never be worth the enormous cost and the very real risks. Anu Ohja, a physicist and space enthusiast, explains more.
“There is a very good reason why since 1961, only 500 people out of the billions of people alive have ever been into space, and it’s to do with the enormous amounts of energy we need and the enormous limits of science and engineering that we have to try and face. Rocket science and rocket engineering, it’s safe but even though 500 people have been into space, 18 have died in the process. Human space flight is not 100% safe; it’s a risky business and so whenever human beings want to explore and they want to go further, there is always a risk factor.”
Many experts like Anu don’t believe thousands and thousands of people will become space tourists any time soon. However, many years in the future, maybe it will be normal not just to visit another country on holiday, but to visit another planet.
Phrases
1. 梦想 _________________
2. 准备好 _________________
3. 为……准备…… _________________
4. 在……的高度 _________________
5. 肉眼 _________________
dream of
be ready to
prepare... for...
at a height of ...
naked eye
Language points
1. Just a few weeks after it arrived at its destination,
Tianhe got its first visitor — the Tianzhou-2 spacecraft. 就在到
达目的地几周后，天和迎来了它的第一位访客——天舟二号飞船。
a few 修饰可数名词复数，表示“几个；一些”（肯定
含义），而few表示“几乎没有”（否定含义）。
arrive at 意为“到达”，后常跟小地点，arrive in 后常
跟大地点，同义表达有：get to；reach。
即学即练
After ________ (few/a few) hours, we finally arrived
________ (in/at) Beijing.
几个小时后，我们终于到达了北京。
a few
in
2. The spacecraft delivered fuel, equipment, tools and supplies for the astronauts.
deliver sth. for 意为“为……运送某物”。supplies 在
句中作名词，意为“补给品”，supply 作动词时意为
“供应；提供”。
这艘飞船为宇航员运送了燃料、设备、工具和补给品。
即学即练
We ______ ______ ______ ______ the rescue team once
you supply the exact location.
一旦你提供确切位置，我们就会为救援队运送补给品。
will deliver supplies for
3. Since then, several more Shenzhou crews have visited Tiangong, and two more lab modules have been added.
从那以后，又有几批神舟乘组人员访问了天宫，也加装上了另外两个实验舱。
since then 意为“ 自那以后”，常与现在完成时连用，如
本句的have visited；have been added是现在完成时的被动
语态。
即学即练
They met at a conference in Paris. ______ ______, they
have become close friends. 他们在巴黎的一个会议
上相识。从那以后，他们成了亲密的朋友。
Since then
Practice makes perfect!
I. 根据首字母提示写单词，完成句子。
1. The workers need to d______ the food to the remote
village every week.
2. The plane ran out of f______ and had to land in the field.
3. The water s______ in this area is not enough for all the
people in summer.
4. At that p______ in time, I didn’t know what to do next.
5. They will do the chemical test in the l______.
eliver
uel
upply
oint
ab
II.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
6. 你准备好开始我们的太空实验了吗？
______ you ______ ______ ______ our space experiment
7. 这架无人机在 500 米的高度飞行。
The drone is flying _____ _____ _____ _____ 500 meters.
8. 许多孩子都梦想着能飞上太空。
Many children ______ ______ ______ into space.
9. 这个微小的太空碎片用肉眼是看不见的。
This tiny space junk cannot be seen with the ______ ______.
10. 我们正在为这次太空任务准备所有的设备。
We are _________ all the equipment _____ this space mission.
Are ready to start
at a height of
dream of flying
naked eye
preparing for
Cross-curricular connection Communication technologies
跨学科链接 通讯技术
Do you ever go on road trips with your family How do you find your way Do you use any map apps How does the app help you find your way to the destination
The app shows us where we are. It gives us the fastest way to get to the destination, and it also tells us where to drive and when to turn. The app also shows us traffic in real time.
How does the app know where you are
It uses signals from satellites in space.
Discuss in pairs.
Pre-reading
北斗卫星导航系统历经北斗一号(2000年底建成，服务国内)北斗二号(2012年底建成，覆盖亚太地区，性能提升)、北斗三号(2020年底全面建成，向全球提供服务)三个阶段发展而来。系统由空间段(卫星)地面段(地面控制站等)、用户段(各类终端设备)构成，为全球用户提供高精度的可靠服务。
文化背景
n. 导航
n. 卫星
adv. 自动地
n. 准确（性）
无线电信号
双向通信
navigation / n v ɡe n/
satellite / s t la t/
automatically/ t m t kli/
accuracy/ kj r si/
radio signals
two-way communication
Pre-reading
New words and phrases
How BDS works
What is BDS
BDS, officially known as the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, is one of the global navigation satellite systems.
How does BDS work
BDS is a group of satellites in orbit around the Earth.
Each satellite sends radio signals to the Earth with information. The signals answer two important questions: “Where in space is the satellite ” and “When did the signal leave the satellite ”
The radio signal travels through space at the speed of light—that is 299,792 kilometres a second!
Back here on Earth, your phone receives the signal and compares it to the exact time of arrival. The phone then calculates how far it is from the satellite.
Reading
One satellite is not enough. Your phone needs information from four satellites to calculate your location. It does this all the time. So, when we use a BDS device, we won’t get lost.
What’s special about BDS
We can also use BDS for two-way communication. In areas without any mobile network, people can send text messages through BeiDou satellites.
How do we use BDS
If your phone supports BDS, it will automatically pick the navigation system with the best signal at the time.
Can we use BDS outside China
Yes, we can use BDS outside China, but its accuracy is higher in China and the Asia-Pacific region.
BDS = BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
It is a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).
It helps us find our location anywhere on Earth.
Read the definition. What does “BDS” stand for, and what is it What is it used for
What is BDS
Where are the BDS satellites
2. What do the satellites send to the Earth
3. How can we receive the BDS signals
4. How many satellites does your phone need to calculate
your location
They are in orbit around the Earth.
Radio signals with information about their location and time.
We can receive the signals with a phone or other device that supports BDS.
Four.
Look at the text and answer the questions.
How does BDS work
1. What is special about BDS
We can use BDS for two-way communication. In areas without any mobile network, GPS only allows you to receive signals, but people can both receive and send text messages through Beidou satellites.
The special features of BDS
Example:
The engine on a ship breaks down when a fisherman is out at sea. There is no mobile network, and the ship’s radio doesn’t work.
With GPS, the fisherman can only get his location, but he cannot communicate.
If he has a special BDS device, he can send an SOS message with his location. He can also receive messages with the BDS device.
2. In what situations might this feature be useful
In groups, discuss how BDS helps these people.
Farmers
Taxi drivers / Delivery drivers
Scientists
Pilots / Sailors
You (Walking, biking, finding friends, …)
Choose one or two of the groups above. How does BDS help them How can BDS help you Share your ideas with the class.
Post-reading
A timeline: the development of BDS
Time Event
2000 The BDS-1 (experiment) system was completed around 2000 and began providing limited regional navigation services in China.
2012 The BDS-2 system was completed in 2012 and began providing regional navigation services in the Asia-Pacific region.
2020 The BDS-3 system was completed in 2020 when its final satellite was launched. Its navigation services became available all over the world.
Now BDS is used by millions of people worldwide for navigation, timing, and many other services.
Project 项目
Step 1 Choose your topic
Making a poster about China’s latest space missions
In this project, you are going to work in groups and make a poster about one of the latest development in China’s space exploration.
In your group, choose one of the following topics (or another topic related to China’s space programme).
China’s manned space programme (e.g., Shenzhou missions, Tiangong space station)
China’s lunar exploration programme (Chang’e missions)
Long March rockets series
Tianwen Mars mission
Step 2 Get the information
Do some research in the library or online and take notes.
Time Event
Step 3 Make your poster
Use the information you collected in step 2 to make the poster. Add pictures to make your poster more attractive. Use the following as an example.
Step 4 Present your poster
Gallery walk
Put your poster on the wall.
Look at the other groups’ posters. What did each group do well, and what suggestions do you have for them
Group presentation
Present your poster to the class.
Introduce the topic. You can use the phrases below:
Our poster is about ...
It was launched in [YEAR].
It is an important achievement because ...
Wits corner 智慧角
Our only chance of long-term survival is not to remain inward-looking on planet Earth, but to spread out into space.
— Stephen Hawking
我们长期生存的唯一机会不是只关注地球，而是向太空拓展。
——斯蒂芬·霍金
(英国著名物理学家)
More wits
1. Astronomy compels the soul to look upwards and
leads us from this world to another.
天文学促使人们仰望苍穹，引领我们从这个世界走向另一片天地。
2. Earth is a small town with many neighborhoods in a
very big universe.
地球是浩瀚宇宙中一座有着众多“街区”的小镇。
3. Once you’ve been in space, you appreciate how
small and fragile the Earth is.
一旦你身处太空，就会深刻体会到地球是多么渺小且脆弱。
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