资源简介

(共203张PPT)
主题引领·语法融通
　　My nephew， Tom， is a young fellow 1. likes literary works， such as fiction， poetry， and folk stories．He has a dream to be an actor．He is always addicted 2. dramas and fantasy works whose plots are absorbing and 3. （stimulate）．
Sometimes he acts in a play．Once he got a chance to act as an extra （群众演员）．In a scene， he wandered backwards and forwards on a
who
to
stimulating
4. （freeze） lake with his body wrapped in a dirty blanket， but suddenly 5. （slip）．Another time he acted as a seaman sailing in the 6. （ice） bay．He and his partners were chasing a whale with weapons for a whole night until the daybreak．His clothing 7. （flutter） in the cold wind and flakes of snow 8. （strike） him on the face．The waves were so 9. （violence） that he was tossed into the water and nearly drowned．He began to sink．In desperation， he held 10. to a board．He was unconscious when he was saved at daybreak．What an adventure!
frozen
slipped
icy
fluttered
struck
violent
on
单元知识 必备清单
Ⅰ．阅读单词——我会认
第一组
1. fiction n． 小说；虚构的事
2. fable n． 寓言
3. genre n． （艺术、写作、音乐等的）类型，体裁
4. romance n． 爱情故事；罗曼史；爱情
5. detective n． 侦探，警探
6. setting n． （书、影片等中情节发生的）背景；环境
7. era n． 时代，年代
8. shelf n． 搁板，架子
9. scan vt． （用电磁波等）扫描
10. unseen adj． 未受注意的；未被看见的
11. pneumonia n． 肺炎
12. ivy n． 常春藤
第二组
13. vine n． 葡萄属植物；葡萄藤
14. nonsense n． 胡说，废话；荒谬的想法
（看法）
15. janitor n． （学校或大楼的）看门人，门房，管理员
16. queer adj． 奇怪的，难以解释的
17. harness n． （马的）挽具，马具
18. downy adj． 被绒毛覆盖的；充满绒毛的
19. daffodil n． 水仙（花），黄水仙
20. vale n． 谷；山谷
21. margin n．（尤指地域或水域的）边缘，边隅；页边的空白，页边
22. bay n． 湾，海湾
23. sprightly adj． 活跃的，充满活力的
第三组
24. glee n． 高兴，兴奋；幸灾乐祸
25. gay ［旧时］ adj． 快乐的，兴奋的
26. jocund adj． 快活的；高兴的
27. oft adv． 经常，时常
28. couch n． 长沙发
29. pensive adj． 沉思的；郁郁不乐的
30. inward adj． 内心的，精神的
31. bliss n． 极乐，无上幸福，福佑，至福
34. weapon n． 武器，兵器；凶器
35. seaman n． 水手，海员；水兵
36. flake n． 小薄片
32. solitude n． 独处，独居
33. whale n． 鲸
Ⅱ．多义单词——我会辨
1. sweep n． 挥动；打扫
vt． & vi． 扫，打扫
2. solid adj． 固体的；坚硬的
3. slip vi． 溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒
4. structure n． 结构， 构造； 建筑物， 结构体
5. submit vt． 呈送， 提交， 呈递
6. blank adj． 空白的
n． （纸张上的）空白处， 空格
7. fetch vt． （去）请来； （去）拿来； （去）找来
8. wander vi． & vt． 徘徊， 闲逛； 漫步于
9. flutter vi． & vt．
（在空中）飘扬，飘动；振（翼），拍打（翅膀）
10. stretch vi． & vt． 延伸，绵延；（使）变大；（使）变松；拉长
11. glance n． 一瞥， 很快的一看
vi． 一瞥， 看一眼
12. wave n． 海浪， 波涛； （行为、活动或感情的）一阵，风潮
vi． & vt． 挥动， 摆动； 挥手
13. strike vi． & vt． 打， 击， 撞； 突然发生不幸
n． 罢工； 打击
14. aboard prep．& adv．
在（船， 飞机， 火车）上； 上（船， 飞机， 火车）
Ⅲ．核心单词——我会写
第一组
1. contradictory adj． 矛盾的；抵触的
2. subjective adj． 主观的；主语的
3. riddle n． 迷，谜语；谜团
4. rhyme n． 押韵
5. backwards adv． 倒着，朝反方向；向后
6. curtain n． 窗帘；门帘；帘子
7. inch n． 英寸
8. vacant adj． 空的，未被占用的
9. recollection n． 想起，记起
10. being n． 生物（尤指人）；诞生；出现；存在
11. steel n． 钢，钢铁
第二组
12. folk adj． 民间的， 民俗的
13. logic n． 逻辑； 道理， 合理的想法
14. recite vi．& vt． 背诵； 朗诵
15. stare vi． 凝视， 盯着看
16. blanket n． 毯子， 毛毯
17. aside adv． 到旁边， 在旁边
18. sail vi．& vt． 飘；（乘船）航行
19. fellow n． 男人； 家伙
22. twinkle vi． 闪烁， 闪耀
23. toss vi．& vt． 甩头； 扔， 掷， 抛
24. sparkling adj． 闪亮的， 闪光的
25. gaze vi．& n． 凝视， 盯着看； 注视
20. clothing n． 服装， 衣服
21. breeze n． 微风， 和风
第三组
26. sink vi．& vt． 下沉， 沉没
27. grab vt． 攫取， 抓住
28. nevertheless adv． 然而， 不过； 尽管如此
29. drown vi．& vt． （使）淹死， （使）溺毙
30. chest n． 胸部， 胸膛
31. bounce vi．& vt． （使）弹起， （使）反弹
32. daybreak n． 黎明， 破晓
33. utter vt． （尤指吃力地）发出（声音）
34. scholar n． 有学问的人； 学者
35. fence vi． 击剑
n． 栅栏， 围栏， 篱笆
36. handkerchief n． 手帕
37. noble adj． 高尚的， 崇高的； 贵族的
Ⅳ．拓展词汇——我会拓
第一组
1. poet n．诗人→poem n．诗→poetry n．诗，诗歌；诗情，诗意
2. drama n．戏剧；戏剧表演；戏剧性事件→dramatic adj．激动人心 的；给人深刻印象的；巨大而突然的；表演的，戏剧的→dramatically adv．戏剧地；显著地
3. adventure n．历险，奇遇→adventurous adj．有冒险精神的；大胆开 拓的；惊险的
4. fantasy n．幻想作品；幻想，想象；空想→fantastic adj．极好的
5. stimulate vt．刺激；激励→stimulating adj．使人兴奋的；饶有趣味 的→stimulation n．刺激；激励；激发
6. absorb vt．吸引；吸收；理解；吞并 ；使并入 →absorbing adj．十 分吸引人的，引人入胜的→absorbed adj．被……吸引住；专心致志的
7. mystery n．难以理解的事物，谜；悬疑故事 →mysterious adj．神 秘的；奇怪的
8. literary adj．文学的→literature n．文学；文献资料
9. history n．历史→historical adj．历史的→historic adj．历史上著名 的；有历史意义的→historian n．历史学家
第二组
10. register v．登记，注册→registration n．登记，注册
11. ice n．冰→icy adj．极冷的；被冰覆盖的
12. disbelief n．不信，怀疑→disbelieve v．不信，怀疑→belief n．相 信；信心；信念→believe v．相信
13. crime n．罪，罪行；犯罪活动→criminal n．罪犯
14. freeze v．（河、湖等）结冰→frozen adj．（河、湖等）结冰的； 冷冻的，冷藏的→freezing adj．极冷的；冰冻的
15. continue v．延续，继续→continuous adj．持续的，不间断的，连 续的→continuation n．延续，继续部分
16. violent adj．强烈的；暴力的，强暴的→violence n．暴力，暴行
17. desperate adj．绝望的；渴望的→desperately adv．绝望地；不顾一 切地→desperation n．绝望；拼命，不顾一切
18. ease n．轻易，毫不费劲→easy adj．容易的→easily adv．容易 地；不费力地
第三组
19. preserve vt．维护；保护→preservation n．维护；保护；保持，维 持；保存
20. conscious adj．察觉到的；意识到的；有知觉的→consciousness n．知觉；觉悟；意识→unconscious adj．不省人事的，失去知觉的
21. evident adj．明显的→evidently adv．明显地，显然→evidence n．证据
22. polish v．擦亮，磨光n．抛光；完美，精湛→polished adj．擦亮 的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的
23. construct vt．建筑，建造→constructive adj．建设性的 →construction n．建筑物；建造物；建造，建筑
fort vt．安慰，抚慰 n．舒适感，满足感→comfortable adj．舒 适的→uncomfortable adj．（人）不舒服的；不安的；不自在的
25. emotion n．情绪，情感→emotional adj．情绪的，情感的；敏感 的；情绪激动的
26. poison n．毒药，毒素，毒物 vt．毒害，毒杀→poisonous adj．有 毒的
27. forgive vi．& vt．原谅，宽恕，饶恕→forgiveness n．原谅，宽 恕，饶恕
Ⅴ．重点短语——我会记
第一组
1. a wide variety of 各种各样的
2. take place 发生
3. a collection of 一批，一些
4. instead of 而不是
5. hunt for 寻找
6. stare at 盯着；凝视
7. make up one’s mind 下定决心
8. be tired of 厌倦
9. long to do 渴望去做
10. slip away 不告而别；溜走
11. with disbelief 难以置信地
12. drop off 脱落；减少
第二组
13. hold on 坚持
14. work out 锻炼；计算出；解决；制定出
15. stop by 顺便访问；停在……近旁
16. fill up with 用……填满
17. at a glance 一瞥
18. flash upon 闪现；突然想到
19. take ．．．for granted 视……为理所当然（而对其不重视）
23. struggle against 抗争
24. hold onto 抓紧
20. in desperation 绝望地
21. bounce off 反弹
22. depend on 依靠；信赖
Ⅵ．单元佳句 ——我会用
1. The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat．　（so ．．．that ．．．如此……以至于……）
撞击实在是太猛烈了，以至于我记不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下 来的。
2. If master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder，master would swim with much greater ease．　（so ．．．as to ．．．如此……以至 于……）
如果主人能抓牢我的肩膀，主人会游得轻松很多。
3. The blow produced a sound of metal；and，incredible though it may be， it seemed as if it was made of metal plates．
（though引导的让步状语从句中表语提前的部分倒装）
撞击时，这东西发出金属的声音；虽然这听起来可能令人难以置信， 但它似乎是由金属板做成的。
4. I couldn’t say where I was， nor could I imagine．　（否定副词位于 句首引起的部分倒装）
我说不出我在哪里，我也无法想象。
5. Then came the sound of a heavy door opening， and two seamen appeared．　（then位于句首引起的完全倒装）
接着传来了沉重的开门声，两名水手出现了。
高考高分 提升密码
Ⅰ．高考阅读疑难词汇——清障有法
构词法 名词后缀－ship 表示“身份， 性质”等
写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和词义
1. （2024 新课标Ⅰ卷）Since 1982， membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.　
n．会员人数
2. （2024 北京卷）Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of； leadership， marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions．　
n．领导地位
Ⅱ.2025新增课标词汇——精准备考
1. fortune n．财富；命运，际遇；大笔的钱
①make a fortune 发财；赚大钱
②tell one’s fortune 给某人算命
③seek one’s fortune 外出闯荡；寻找发财机会
（2025 全国二卷）After that experience， she knew that she needed to make a fortune．
经历了那件事后，她意识到自己需要赚钱。
2. frame n．框架；骨架；体形 vt．拟订；给……做框
①frame of mind 心态
②frame a question 提出问题
③frame a plan 制定计划
Scientists must frame the right questions before they can evolve their theories．
科学家们需要先构建正确问题，方能进一步完善他们的理论。
3. fulfil vt．履行；实现；完成；执行
①fulfil an obligation/a duty 履行义务/职责
②fulfil the terms/conditions of an agreement 符合协议条款
③fulfil a dream/desire 实现梦想/愿望
④fulfil a need/requirement 满足需求/要求
Companies should fulfil their social responsibilities by protecting workers’ rights， not just pursuing profits．
企业应当通过保障工人权利来履行社会责任，而不仅仅是追求利润。
4. throat n．喉咙；咽喉；颈前部 vt．用沙哑的声音或嗓音发音
①clear one’s throat 清清嗓子
②a lump in one’s throat 喉咙哽咽，如鲠在喉
③have a sore throat 喉咙痛
④take by the throat 牢牢控制，抓住要害
When she saw the rescued animals finally finding loving homes， a lump rose in her throat， and tears filled her eyes．
当她看到被救助的动物最终找到温暖的家时，她喉咙哽咽，热泪 盈眶。
5. tofu （bean curd） n．豆腐
①firm tofu/extra－firm tofu 老豆腐/特硬豆腐
②soft tofu/silken tofu 嫩豆腐/绢豆腐
③fried tofu 炸豆腐
④tofu block （一整块） 豆腐
Tofu， also known as bean curd， is a popular food in many parts of the world．
豆腐，也称为豆制品，是世界上许多地方流行的食物。
核心知识 点面突破
absorbing adj．十分吸引人的，引人入胜的
练通 单句语法填空
①I read her last novel and found it very （absorb）．
②Tom was so （absorb） in his work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting．
③At that time，he absorbed （he） in research to work out the problem．
absorbing
absorbed
himself
写美 句型转换
④ ， Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting．（用过去分词短语作状语改写句②）
⑤ ， Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting．（用动词－ing短语作状语改写句②）
Absorbed in his work
Absorbing himself in his work
（1）absorb vt．　理解；使并入；掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力
absorb ．．．from ．．．　　从……中吸收……
absorb oneself in ．．．　　全神贯注于……
absorb ．．．into ．．．　　把……吸收进……；把……并入
（2）absorbed adj．　　被……吸引住的
（be） absorbed in ．．．　　全神贯注于……
佳句 As I spoke， I noticed the absorbed attention of my classmates， their eyes reflecting curiosity and respect．　（2025 全国二卷）
在我讲述时，我注意到同学们全神贯注的神情，他们的眼神中流露出 好奇与尊敬。
submit vt．呈送，提交，呈递；屈服，使服从
练通 单句语法填空
①The name， address， and telephone number of the cartoonist must be included in the （submit）．
写美 完成句子
②几周后，莉莉兴奋地将她的最终作品提交给她的老师。　（动 作描写）
submission
Lily was excited to submit her final piece to her
teacher
（1）submit sth to sb　　　　　将某物提交给某人
submit （oneself） to　　屈从于……
（2）submission n．　　提交（物）；呈递（书）；屈服
佳句 David wiped his tears and held his head high，remarking determinedly，“I won’t submit myself to others’ thoughts．”　（语 言、动作描写）
大卫擦掉眼泪，昂起头，坚定地说道：“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。”
frozen adj．（河、 湖等）结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的
练通 单句语法填空
①His smile （freeze） when he heard what I said．
②She got used to the （freeze） weather in Alaska．
③We skated on the glassy surface of the （freeze） pond．
froze
freezing
frozen
On a freezing cold night
was frozen to death
in a street corner
（1）freezing adj．冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的
freezing point　　冰点
freezing cold　　非常冷
（2）freeze v．　　（使）结冰，凝固；冷藏；冰冻；（因恐惧等 而）呆住
freeze ．．．to death　　把……冻死
佳句 Seated in the classroom， I was on the point of taking my books out when suddenly I became frozen．　（动作描写）
坐在教室里，我正要把书拿出来，突然我僵住了。
sweep n．挥动；打扫vt．& vi．扫，打扫；卷走；猛烈吹过，掠 过；突然袭来；扫视；迅速传播
练通 小语段训练
①In the morning， I helped my mother sweep the floor， putting the chairs aside．After I finished the work， a sudden joy seemed to sweep me quickly．
up
over
sweep away my
worries
写美 完成句子
sweep away　　　　席卷；冲走；扫荡一空
sweep up　　打扫，清扫
sweep over　　突然袭来
sweep aside　　把……移到一边；不理会
佳句 Just as we sweep our rooms， we should sweep backward ideas from our minds．　（演讲稿）
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的想法。
ease n．轻易，毫不费劲；安逸；舒适 vt．减轻（痛苦、忧虑）
练通 语块填词
①The children sat （悠闲） on the grass， listening to the teacher telling stories．
写美 完成句子
②当看到朋友在机场等她时，她立刻感到放松。
at ease
it immediately put/set
her at ease
（1）with ease　　　　　　　容易地；不费力地
at ease　　舒适；悠闲；自在
put/set sb at ease　　使某人放松/自在
（2）ease sb of ．．．　　减轻某人的……
佳句 The little girl read the story aloud with ease， making the class laugh happily， although she was shy before．　（动作、心理描写）
这个小女孩虽然平时腼腆，但朗读故事时却落落大方，逗得全班开怀 大笑。
comfort vt．安慰，抚慰 n．舒适感，满足感
练通 语块填词
①Inside， we rested （舒适地） by the fireplace， enjoying the warmth and quiet．
写美 完成句子
②看到我对这一幕感到不舒服，父亲走近我，用鼓舞人心的话语安慰 我。　（场景描写）
Seeing I was uncomfortable with the scene，my father approached me， ．
in comfort/comfortably
comforting me with inspiring words
③（2023 1月浙江卷）对我来说，最大的安慰是原来的洞找不到了。　 （动作、神情描写）
the original hole was nowhere to be found．
It was a great comfort to me that
（1）be a comfort to sb　　　　对某人来说是个安慰
in comfort=comfortably　　舒适地
to one’s comfort　　令人宽慰的是
（2）comfort sb with sth　　用某物安慰某人
（3）comfortable adj．　　舒适的；舒服的
comfortably adv．　　舒服地
佳句 It was the first time I had felt so comfortable sharing my cultural background．I was no longer concerned about mispronunciations or awkwardness．　（2025 全国二卷）
那是我第一次如此舒服地分享自己的文化背景。我不再担心发音不准 或用词别扭。
forgive vi．& vt．原谅，宽恕，饶恕
练通 单句语法填空
①My friend forgave my （speak） too loudly in class， telling me that he knew I was only excited．
写美 完成句子
②母亲原谅了儿子说谎的事，提醒他以后要说实话。
， reminding him to tell the truth in the future．
speaking
The mother forgave her son for lying
（1）forgive sb sth　　原谅某人某事
forgive one’s doing sth　　原谅某人做了某事
forgive sb/oneself for （doing） sth　　原谅某人（做了）某事
（2）forgiveness n．　　宽恕，原谅
佳句 The teacher forgave the boy for his careless mistake， telling him to correct it next time．　（动作描写）
老师原谅了男孩粗心的错误，告诉他下次改正。
be tired of 对……厌烦/厌倦
练通 语块填词
①She （疲倦） washing clothes by hand， wishing for a washing machine．
②The volunteers （筋疲力尽） after cleaning the park， sitting together happily．
was tired with/from
were tired out
写美 完成句子
③从河里挑水让男孩筋疲力尽，但他想帮奶奶。　（动作描写）
but he wanted to help his grandmother．
Carrying water from the river tired the boy out
be tired with/from　　　　　因为……而疲倦
tire sb/oneself out　　使某人感到筋疲力尽
be tired out　　筋疲力尽
佳句 He was tired of eating the same food every day， walking to the market to buy fresh vegetables．　（动作描写）
他厌倦了每天吃一样的饭菜，走到市场买新鲜蔬菜。
联想 be tired of的同义短语还有：
①be sick of　　　②be fed up with
stare vi．凝视，盯着看
①He couldn’t help but stare at the message on the screen， trying to decipher its hidden meaning．
他忍不住盯着屏幕上的信息，试图破解其隐藏的含义。
②When she entered the room， everyone stopped talking and began to stare at her．
当她走进房间时，大家都停止了谈话，开始盯着她看。
③The child stared at the stars in the sky， wondering what they were and why they sparkled so brightly．
孩子盯着天上的星星看，想知道它们是什么，为什么它们闪烁得如此 明亮。
句型公式：否定副词位于句首引起的部分倒装
教材原句　I couldn’t say where I was， nor could I imagine．
我说不出我在哪里，我也无法想象。
写美 微写作/句式升级
①我很少发现他对在院子里开心地玩耍的孩子们不耐烦。
who ran around the yard playing happily．
Rarely have I found him impatient with his children
②You will never be admitted to your ideal university if you are addicted to online games．
→ if you are addicted to online games．（倒装句）
③We didn’t reach the top of the mountain until I truly appreciated the view．
→ truly appreciate the view．（倒装句）
Never will you be admitted to your ideal university
Not until we reached the top of the mountain did I
never， not until，seldom， by no means， not until， rarely， hardly， at no time， scarcely， little， in no way，no sooner ．．．than ．．．， hardly ．．．when ．．．等表示否定或 半否定的词置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
佳句 At no time did he give up on his dream of becoming a basketball player．Even though he faced many challenges， he continued to practice every day．His determination paid off when he was selected for the school team．　（人物描写）
他从未放弃过成为篮球运动员的梦想。尽管面临许多挑战，他仍然每 天坚持练习。当被选入校队时，他的决心得到了回报。
高效迁移 微点练全
一词多义/熟词生义
1. sweep n．挥动；打扫 v．扫，打扫；卷走，冲走；彻底消除；大获 全胜；横扫；猛烈吹过，掠过；突然袭来；扫视；迅速传播
①The sweep of the flag in the wind symbolized freedom， inspiring everyone in the crowd to stand taller．　
②After finishing the sweep， he sat down to relax， feeling proud of his hard work．　
n．挥动
n．打扫
vi．猛烈吹过，掠过
v．卷走，
冲走
v．大获全胜；横扫
v．扫，打扫
⑦We need to sweep away all obstacles on our roads to success．　
⑧A feeling of fear swept over him when he realized that the door was wide open， even though he was sure he had locked it．　
⑨She swept her eyes over the room， noticing every little detail， from the flowers on the table to the arrangement of the chairs．　
⑩The excitement of the upcoming concert quickly swept through the fans， filling them with anticipation and joy．　
v．彻底消除
vi．突然袭来
vt．扫视
vi．迅速传播
2. solid adj．固体的；坚硬的，稳固的；实心的；可靠的
①He held a solid gold ring in his hand， which sparkled in the sunlight， showing its exceptional value．　
②When the lava cooled down after the volcanic eruption， it turned into a solid mass， forming new land．　
③All these have laid a solid political foundation for national unity．　
④（2024 新课标Ⅱ卷）While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey， Babylon Micro－Farm （BMF） shortens it even more．　
adj．实心的
adj．固体的
adj．坚硬的，稳固的
adj．可靠的
3. slip vt．滑倒，滑落；迅速放置，悄悄塞进 vi．悄悄疾行，溜走； 下降，退步；忘记 n．差错，疏漏；纸条，便条
①You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip．　
②When the sun slipped behind the mountains， it shed a rosy glow all around them．　
③Addicted to playing computer games， the boy’s marks at school slipped sharply．　
n．差错，疏漏
vi．悄悄疾行，溜走
vi．下降，退步
④I managed to slip a few jokes into my speech．

⑤I wrote it down on a slip of paper in case I forgot．

⑥Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you．　
⑦The ridges on the soles of my boots stopped me from slipping．　
vt．迅速放置，悄悄塞进
n．纸条，便条
vi．忘记
vt．滑倒，滑落
4. absorb vt．吸收；理解，掌握；吸引，使专心；吞并；使并入
①One hectare of forest can absorb 23 tons of carbon dioxide per year．　
②In fact， most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message．　
③That country had absorbed the small states into her empire．　
vt．吸收
vt．理解，掌握
vt．吞并
④（2023 新课标Ⅱ卷）Adults are portrayed （描绘） alone in many settings and poses — absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure．　
⑤The company decided to absorb the smaller business into its operations， believing that it would increase efficiency and expand their market reach．　
vt．吸引，使专心
vt．使并入
5. Dark clouds blanketed the summit of the mountain．
6. The river wanders through some beautiful countries．
7. Mr Smith is not available now， for he’s just gone to fetch the kids from
school．　
8. Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about．
　
9. You rarely see boats on this stretch of the river because the current is
very fast．　
vt．覆盖
vi．蜿蜒
vt．去接（某人）
adj．茫然的；不理解的
n．一段；一片
10. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread．　
11. （2023 1月浙江卷）Sitting on a branch， he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive．　
n．水槽
vi．缓慢移动
单句语法填空
1. The game we played in class today was really （absorb）．Everyone was so focused．
2. After walking in the snow for hours， my fingers felt （freeze）．I couldn’t wait to get inside and warm up by the fireplace．
3. （evident）， she had forgotten to set her alarm because she overslept．
absorbing
frozen
Evidently
4. She had been working non－stop for hours， and by the end of the day， she （tire） out， needing a long rest．
5. He asked for （forgive） after realizing that his actions had hurt his friend， and she smiled， accepting his apology．
was tired
forgiveness
完成句子
1. 天冷得连鸟儿都飞往南方，仿佛在等待更温暖的日子。 （so ．．．that ．．．）
， as if waiting for warmer days．
It was so cold that the birds flew south
2. 度过了一个漫长的假期后，他们向海滩告别，并打算明年夏天再 来。（wave）
After a long vacation， and would return next summer．
3. 迷路后，他们在森林中穿行了几个小时，希望找到回营地的路。 （wander）
After getting lost， for hours， hoping to find their way back to the campsite．
they waved a good－bye to the beach
they wandered through the forest
4. 这条路正在建设中，导致了很多交通延误。（construction）
， which caused a lot of traffic delays．
5. 在最后一个进球后，人群发出响亮的欢呼声。（utter）
After the final goal was scored， ．
The road was under construction
the crowd uttered a loud cheer
　应用文增分练——申请成为志愿者
　　假定你是李华，打算申请成为一名志愿者，请你根据下面的提示 写一封申请信。
　　（1）你的优势；
　　（2）你的申请。
第一步　根据单元知识写美 句
1. 长期以来我一直渴望成为一名志愿者，对于这份工作，我有一些优 势。（long to do）
2. 我说英语如此流利，以至于我可以自由地和外国人交流。 （so ．．．that ．．．）

I have been longing to be a volunteer for a long time， and I have some advantages for the position．
I speak English so fluently that I can communicate with foreigners freely．
3. 虽然我没有经验，但我愿意认真向其他志愿者学习，并认真对待工 作。（倒装句）
4. 我和其他人相处得很好。我没有和老师发生过冲突，也没有和同学 们争吵过。（nor引起的部分倒装）
5. 您能好心考虑一下我的申请吗？（so ．．．as to ．．．）

Inexperienced though I am， I’m willing to learn from other volunteers carefully and treat the work seriously．
I get along well with others．I haven’t had conflicts with teachers， nor have I quarreled with my classmates．
Will you be so kind as to consider my application？
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
　　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇 80个词左右 的短文。

Dear Sir/Madam，
　　 　I have been longing to be a volunteer for a long time， and I have some advantages for the position．　
　　
　
　
　　 　Firstly， I speak English so fluently that I can communicate with foreigners freely．In addition， inexperienced though I am， I’m willing to learn from other volunteers carefully and treat the work seriously．Last but not least， I get along well with others．I haven’t had conflicts with teachers， nor have I quarreled with my classmates．　
Will you be so kind as to consider my application？
Yours，
Li Hua
　读后续写微技能——每个人都有独特的美
积累教材续写语料——有效强化教考衔接
词汇
积累 动作描写：cherish； tempt； swallow； chew； obey
情感描写：bittersweet； disheartened； tiresome； memorable
人物描写：integrity； virtue； mature； subtle； selfish； commitment
佳句
积累 1.I was really surprised when a bank contacted me with a credit card offer．　（情感描写）
2.Like a musical symphony， life has high and low moments， and somewhere in between are those moments we call “bittersweet”．　（比喻）
3.Whatever our choices are， we should cherish and embrace these moments in life．After all， each step we take is one more step forward to becoming a stronger and better person．　（主 旨升华）
拓展续写话题素材——精准构建表达基石
动作描写：动“手臂”
经典
词汇 1.gather v．拉近；拥抱
2.wave v．挥动　　　　　　　
3.stroke v．抚摸
4.raise v．举起　　　　　　　　
5.grab v．抓住
6.fold v．交叉
靓点
语块 1.fold one’s arms双臂交叉
2.wave one’s arms挥动双臂
3.take one’s arm挽住某人的胳膊
4.pull sb into one’s arms把某人搂在怀里
5.gather sb in one’s arms把某人抱在怀里
6.catch hold of/catch/grab one’s arm
抓住某人的胳膊　　　　
7.arm in arm臂挽着臂
8.with open arms双臂张开
靓点
语块 9.with crossed arms双臂交叉
10.reach out one’s arm伸出某人的手臂
11.keep sb at arm’s length与某人保持距离
12.put/throw one’s arms around sb搂住某人
13.hold out/open one’s arms某人伸出/张开双臂
出彩
佳句 1.He reached out a hand， caught hold of/caught/grabbed her arm and rushed to the railway station．　（动词的联 动）
他伸出一只手，抓住她的胳膊，冲向火车站。
2.He was running forward， waving his arms．　（动词－ing 短语作状语）
他挥舞着手臂，向前跑。
出彩
佳句 3.She stood there with her arms crossed/folded．　（with复 合结构）
她双臂交叉着站在那里。
4.She turned around， trying to keep him at arm’s length．
她转过身来，想同他保持距离。
5.Disheartened and frustrated， I folded my arms， pondering on how to get rid of my bad learning habit．
我心灰意冷，双臂交叉，思考着如何改掉我糟糕的学习习惯。
重拳锤炼续写场景——积累内化应用提升
　　场景导入：“我”因为脸上有雀斑而买了一种祛斑霜，但效果却 适得其反。母亲见状安慰“我”，“我”的心情得以释怀……
　　Disheartened and frustrated， I 1. （交叉着双 臂）， pondering over how to remove the freckles on my face．Then I
folded my arms
was tempted to buy
held out her arms， gathered me in her
arms and stroked my head gently
took her arm
and burst into a smile
　　（2024 全国甲卷，阅读D）“I didn’t like the ending，” I said to my favorite college professor．It was my junior year of undergraduate， and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature．I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot， and I was heartbroken with the ending．Prof．
Gracie， with all his patience， asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not．He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters， endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome．Of course， I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver， but the ending they got did make the most sense for them．
　　This was an ah－ha moment for me， and I never thought about endings the same way again．From then on， if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy， I’d pick up a love romance．If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess， I’d pick up a mystery （悬疑小说）．One where I kind of knew what was going to happen， historical fiction．Choosing what to read became easier．
　　But writing the end — that’s hard．It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers．You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable， but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere， one that fits what’s right for the characters．
　　That’s why this issue （期） of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing．If it’s short stories， Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing．Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work．
　　This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there．
做真题——感悟命题角度
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕文学作品结尾的创作展 开，指出不同类型的文学作品的结尾有不同的特点，好的结尾要符 合故事发展等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕文学作品结尾的创作展
开，指出不同类型的文学作品的结尾有不同的特点，好的结尾要符
合故事发展等。
32. Why did the author go to Prof．Gracie？
A． To discuss a novel．
B． To submit a book report．
C． To argue for a writer．
D． To ask for a reading list．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第一段首句、第三句和第四句可知，作 者刚读完《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，她告诉教授自己不喜欢这部小说的 结尾，而教授让作者抛开个人喜好，好好思考一下这部小说，即作者 去找Gracie教授是为了讨论一部小说。
33. What did the author realize after seeing Prof．Gracie？
A． Writing is a matter of personal preferences．
B． Readers are often carried away by characters．
C． Each type of literature has its unique ending．
D． A story which begins well will end well．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，从那时起，如 果作者想读到幸福的结局，她就会选一部爱情小说。如果想要一个猜 不到的结局，她会选择悬疑小说。如果想要大概猜到故事的发展，她 会选择历史小说。由此推断，每一种文学类型都有其独特的结尾。
34. What is expected of a good ending？
A． It satisfies readers’ taste．
B． It fits with the story development．
C． It is usually positive．
D． It is open for imagination．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，结局不能是凭空 而来的，它需要适合角色。由此推断，好的结尾要符合故事的发展。
35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims？
A． To give examples of great novelists．
B． To stress the theme of this issue．
C． To encourage writing for the magazine．
D． To recommend their new books．
√
解析： 　目的意图题。倒数第二段首句提到这就是为什么本期《作 者文摘》旨在帮助你弄清楚如何为你正在写的任何一种文本写出最好 的结局。接着作者以Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims为例说明本期 《作者文摘》具体会介绍哪些技巧。由此可知，作者提及Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims是为了强调本期杂志的主题。
理脉络——构建篇章思维
再利用——拓宽词句积累
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1. undergraduate n．
本科生；（未获学士学位的）大学生，大学肄业生
2. literature n． 文学；著作
3. positive adj． 积极乐观的
4. outcome n． 结果
5. guarantee v． 担保；提供
6. analyze v． 分析；分解
（二）由文本积派生（合成）词汇
1. ending n． ［派生词］ （故事等）结尾；结束（end＋－ing）
2. independent adj． ［派生词］ 独立的（in－＋dependent）
3. traditionally adv． ［派生词］ 传统地（traditional＋－ly）
4. historical adj． ［派生词］ （有关）历史的，史学的（history＋－ ical）
5. unpredictable adj． ［派生词］ 无法预言的；不可预测的（un－＋ predict＋－able）
（三）由文本积主题语块
1. from then on 从（那）时起
2. pick up 挑选；拿起
3. ah－ha moment 顿悟时刻
4. carry so much weight with readers 对读者很有分量
5. break down 分解
（四）由文本知变式运用
1. 近义替换（用文中的词汇替换）
①quite sad→ （第一段）
②finally understand→ （第四段）
heartbroken
figure out
2. 熟词生义（文中生义）
landing ［熟义］ n．登陆；码头；降落→［生义］ （第 四段第二句）
n．结尾
主谓宾
定语
让步
状语
他建议我考虑一下我想要的角色的结局和适合角色的结
局之间的区别，即使它们没有传统上的积极结果，那也是满足故
事的结局。
跟踪检测（一）
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
　　（2026 合肥一六八中学模拟）Humans are undeniably creatures of habit．So when sudden， unexpected plot twists pull the metaphorical rug from beneath our feet， it can sometimes feel impossible to regain our footing．No matter how well we plan and try to stick to the script （剧 本）， there are always curveballs．After reading Plot Twist， one thing is certain that change is constant．
　　Plot Twist is a personal guide to surviving life’s curveballs．Firestone is a therapist who， throughout her career and life experience， has witnessed various examples of people’s talking out their grief， loss and pain．She’s also observed how they recover through resilience （适应 力）， transformation and hope．
　　Sharing her own stories， as well as the hard－won wisdom of people who have been sideswiped by curveballs， Jana applies a therapist’s lens to learning to survive and eventually thrive during the most challenging days of our lives．
　　This is what makes this book easy to understand — the fact that Firestone uses her own life experiences as examples of how plot twists can impact you．Through the lens of a trained therapist， she has identified many tools to help those pivot and continue to move forward．
　　What is particularly useful is the list of “Things to Consider” at the end of each chapter．And they include advice such as： Break the habit of living in fast forward or rewind．When you calm and quieten your mind， you reduce stress， anxiety and the challenges you face as a result of a plot twist．If you are seeking advice about a number of heartfelt issues， this is a great place to start．If you have a friend or family member who needs some guidance， the “Things to Consider” after each chapter could help you understand what they may be experiencing and provide some solutions to help ease their pain．
　　Such hints would be helpful when experiencing loss， but even if you are not facing any difficulties， certain advice that Firestone suggests can be applied to everyday life， like the benefits of sitting with yourself and being aware of how you are feeling， embracing and acknowledging change and， most importantly， treating yourself with empathy and kindness， and knowing you have control of your next phase of life．
语篇解读：本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了《Plot Twist》这本 书，该书作者通过自己的经历和观察，分享了如何度过生活中最具 挑战性的日子的经验，旨在引导学生积极应对生活中的变化和挑 战。
语篇解读：本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了《Plot Twist》这本
书，该书作者通过自己的经历和观察，分享了如何度过生活中最具
挑战性的日子的经验，旨在引导学生积极应对生活中的变化和挑
战。
1. What does the underlined word “curveballs” in paragraph 1 refer to？　 （　　）
A． Delayed schedules．
B． Stressful tasks．
C． Unavoidable complaints．
D． Unexpected challenges．
√
解析： 　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的Humans are undeniably creatures ．．．there are always curveballs．可知，前面提到了意想不 到的情节转折，且说无论计划得多好都会有 curveballs，所以这里的 curveballs 应和前面的sudden， unexpected plot twists意思相近，即指 意想不到的挑战。
2. What may be presented at the end of each chapter？　（　　）
A． Explanation of different scripts．
B． Suggestions on handling negative emotions．
C． Guidance on how to make plans．
D． Examples of how plot twists can impact you．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第五段中的What is particularly useful ．．．as a result of a plot twist．可知，每章结尾处都会给出一 些关于处理负面情绪（如压力、焦虑）的建议。
3. What does the author think of Firestone’s book？　（　　）
A． Novel and interesting．
B． Detailed and inspiring．
C． Accessible and practical．
D． Insightful and comprehensive．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第四段中的This is ．．．how plot twists can impact you．可知，这本书易于理解；根据第六段中的Such hints ．．．applied to everyday life可知，这本书很实用。
4. Where is the text most probably taken from？　（　　）
A． An official report．
B． A review of a book．
C． A biography of Firestone．
D． An essay on psychology．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。文章主要介绍了《Plot Twist》这本书，包括 作者的写作方式、书中的内容以及对读者的帮助等，还对这本书进行 了评价，所以这篇文章最有可能来自一篇书评。
①therapist （派）=therap＋－ist n．治疗师
②embrace v．拥抱
③life experience 生活经验
④break the habit 打破习惯
⑤unexpected （派）=un－＋expect＋－ed adj．意想不到的
⑥hard－won （合）=hard＋won adj．来之不易的
B
　　（2026 河北廊坊二模）The stories we engage with can shape our world．However， the publishing industry has long been criticized for its lack of diversity．Despite recent improvements， many people， like Colin Kaepernick， grew up with little or no literature．Kaepernick， a former National Football League （NFL） player， rarely read as a child because he couldn’t relate to the narratives in the books available．
　　Over the years， self－realization and awareness， combined with his activism， inspired Kaepernick to address the lack of diversity．In 2023， he released a graphic novel entitled Change the Game．He explained in an interview that the objective of this project was to provide younger audiences with characters and stories that they could relate to， and also give them the resources， which he lacked growing up， to navigate their realities．
　　And subsequently in 2024， Colin launched Lumi， an AI－based platform that provides creators with tools to independently produce， publish， distribute， and market their stories， both digitally and physically．“Lumi addresses an unnecessary dependency on gatekeepers that slows creators down，” says Kaepernick．
　　The platform was born out of the barriers he encountered while trying to publish his own works through Ra Vision Media．“One specific challenge creators face is the manufacturing and distribution of their stories，” he explains．“We have built digital and physical publishing directly into our platform to simplify the process of manufacturing and distribution for creators and remove this organizational burden．”
　　Lumi’s use of AI has brought discussions about technology’s role in the creative process．While some fear that AI tools might overshadow human creativity， Kaepernick sees AI as an enabler rather than a replacement for human creativity．“We believe creators are at the center of all creations， and AI will be a tool that creators can use to enhance their current creative processes，” he explains．
　　Looking ahead， Lumi aims to be a bridge between traditional creatives and AI－driven content creation， developing an environment where both can boom．Through Lumi， Kaepernick is expanding the creative space to include a wider range of voices．“Lumi will allow a new wave of diverse and innovative stories to come to life，” Kaepernick says．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科林 卡佩尼克为使 故事讲述多元化所做的努力，包括出版漫画小说和推出AI平台 Lumi。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科林 卡佩尼克为使
故事讲述多元化所做的努力，包括出版漫画小说和推出AI平台
Lumi。
5. Why did Colin Kaepernick publish Change the Game？　（　　）
A． To criticize the quality of storytelling．
B． To meet young readers’ need in storytelling．
C． To support his physical education initiatives．
D． To challenge traditional publishing companies．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第二段中的He explained ．．．to navigate their realities．可知，科林 卡佩尼克出版《改变游戏》是为了 满足年轻读者在讲故事方面的需求。
6. What inspired Colin Kaepernick to launch the platform of Lumi？　 （　　）
A． His desire to become a writer．
B． His enthusiasm for AI technology．
C． His struggle with literary creation．
D． His personal publishing experience．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第四段中的The platform ．．．his own works through Ra Vision Media．可知，科林 卡佩尼克推出Lumi平台 的灵感来自他个人的出版经历。
7. What do we know about Lumi？　（　　）
A． It focuses primarily on digital storytelling．
B． It is intended to minimize reading difficulties．
C． It leads to the decline of traditional publishing．
D． It enables creators to work freely and independently．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第三段中的And subsequently ．．．
both digitally and physically．可推知，Lumi使创作者能够自由独立地工作。
8. What can be the suitable title for the text？　（　　）
A． How Colin Kaepernick Makes Efforts to Diversify Storytelling
B． How Colin Kaepernick Takes Advantage of AI to Write Books
C． Why Colin Kaepernick Appreciates Authentic Storytelling Style
D． Why Colin Kaepernick Shifts His Career from Sports to Literature
√
解析： 　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了科林 卡佩尼克因为自身经历 意识到出版业缺乏多样性，他通过出版《改变游戏》、推出AI平台 Lumi等方式，努力让故事讲述更加多样化，扩大创作空间，让更多不 同的声音得以展现。所以A项（科林 卡佩尼克如何努力使故事讲述多 样化）适合作本文的标题。
①diversity n．多样性
②barrier n．障碍
③at the center of 处于……的中心
④come to life 变得生动
⑤awareness （派）=aware＋－ness n．意识
C
　　（2026 湖北省汉口模拟）Redundancy （冗余） is widely seen as a writing error．“Omit （删除） needless words” is perhaps the least redundant statement of this view， made famous by The Elements of Style．In it， E． B． White owed the quote to his university English teacher， William Strunk．In the classroom， Strunk “omitted so many needless words” that he was often “left with nothing more to say， yet with time to fill”．So Strunk said everything three times．Did he really need to repeat himself three times？ If he had already said everything that was required， he could have let the class out early．That he did so suggests there may be more value in redundancy than meets the eye．
　　Redundancy can be frequently observed on trains and planes．These are noisy and distracting places where “Please take your things” may not be heard by all passengers．Redundancy makes a signal robust．For instance， spacecraft sending digital messages to Earth include redundancies in the signal that allow engineers back home to reconstruct the degraded transmissions．
　　Another possible use of redundancy is simply to make listening or reading less effortful．If every possible word that can be removed is removed， so that every remaining one is absolutely crucial， listening and reading become stressful．You cannot let your mind wander for even a moment．Such an article is almost too thick with information； even a short passage of this kind would be demanding to read．
　　The advice to keep it brief is still a good idea．Blaise Pascal， a French author of the 17th century， once apologised for a long letter by saying： “I have not had time to make it shorter．” Keeping things tight can be hard work for the writer， but it saves time for the reader， at least up to a point．Make your article as short as necessary to keep your reader reading — but not more．
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了冗余在写作和沟通中的 价值，指出虽然冗余常被视为错误，但在某些情况下，它却是必要 的，并且有助于减轻听众或读者的认知负担。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了冗余在写作和沟通中的
价值，指出虽然冗余常被视为错误，但在某些情况下，它却是必要
的，并且有助于减轻听众或读者的认知负担。
9. Why does the author mention the example of William Strunk？　 （　　）
A． To illustrate a common writing error．
B． To question the logic of repetitive words．
C． To introduce an influential English quote．
D． To justify the existence of redundant speech．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第一段中的Did he really need ．．．in redundancy than meets the eye．可知，作者通过威廉 斯特伦克的例 子，旨在论证冗余话语存在的合理性，而非仅说明写作错误或引入引 言。由此可知，冗余存在一定的价值。
10. What does the underlined word “robust” in paragraph 2 probably mean？　（　　）
A． Reliable． B． Concrete．
C． Comprehensive． D． Vivid．
√
解析： 　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Redundancy makes a signal robust ．．．the degraded transmissions．可知，冗余能确保信号在受 损时仍可被修复，使信息不受外界因素干扰，有效可靠。由此可知， 画线词与reliable意义相近。
11. In what way is redundancy useful？　（　　）
A． It removes the stress of reading．
B． It saves readers from mind－wandering．
C． It facilitates the readability of passages．
D． It packs articles with crucial information．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Another possible use of redundancy ．．．and reading become stressful．可知，适当的冗余可 以减少读者的阅读负担，提升可读性。
12. What’s the author’s suggestion regarding being brief？　（　　）
A． Write to the point．
B． Maintain a balance．
C． Consider the reader．
D． Apologize if necessary．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Make your article as short as necessary to keep your reader reading — but not more．可知，作者建议 文章应保持在足够吸引读者阅读的长度，但不要过度删减，即强调一 种平衡。
①transmission n．传输，传送
②fill ［熟义］ v．填满→［生义］ v．消磨（时间） （文义）
③distracting （派）=distract＋－ing adj．令人分心的
④effortful （派）=effort＋－ful adj．费力的
⑤redundant （派）=redund＋－ant adj．多余的
⑥meet the eye 映入眼帘
Ⅱ．阅读七选五
　　（2026 山西省实验中学模拟）Sometimes， the pace of modern life barely gives you time to stop and rest．It can make getting a good night’s sleep seem like a dream．Yet， sleep is as vital for health as diet and exercise， enhancing brain performance， mood， and overall well－ being.13. 　　 However， various strategies can help improve sleep．
　　14. 　　 Sleep is essential for more than just resting．Dr．Maiken Nedergaard from the University of Rochester discovered that while we sleep， the brain works to prepare for learning， memory， and creativity．It also removes waste， including harmful proteins linked to diseases like Alzheimer’s， more efficiently during sleep．Dr．Kenneth Wright Jr．adds that sleep helps the body repair itself， including the body’s defense system and blood flow system．
　　Sleep Myths and Truths．15. 　　 Children need at least nine hours， teens eight to ten， and adults need at least seven hours each night．A common myth is that older adults need less sleep， but they still need the same amount， though sleep quality may decline．Another myth is that you can “catch up” on sleep over the weekend， but research shows this doesn’t work for those who regularly get too little sleep．Too much sleep can also be harmful， as it may indicate an underlying health issue．
　　Sleep Disorders．Sleep disorders prevent people from getting quality rest．The most common is insomnia， where individuals struggle to fall asleep or stay asleep despite having time and a suitable environment．16. 　　 Sleep apnea， another common disorder， occurs when the airway is blocked during sleep， causing breathing interruptions．
　　Getting Better Sleep．Treatments are available for many common sleep disorders．Seeing a doctor and taking medicine can help with insomnia．For sleep apnea， devices like CPAP machines， special mouthguards， and lifestyle changes are beneficial．Prioritizing sleep is crucial for health， as emphasized by Brown： “ 17. 　　”
A． Sleep for repair．
B． Sleep for relaxation．
C． Sleep needs change with age．
D． Getting more sleep on weekends can fully recover lost sleep．
E． Sleep is not a throwaway thing — it’s a biological necessity．
F． It can sometimes be caused by stress， anxiety， or poor sleep habits．
G． Insufficient quality sleep regularly raises the risk of many diseases．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要强调睡眠的重要性，睡眠 不足或睡眠质量不高会增加许多患病风险，并提出了几种策略来帮 助改善睡眠。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要强调睡眠的重要性，睡眠
不足或睡眠质量不高会增加许多患病风险，并提出了几种策略来帮
助改善睡眠。
13. G　根据上下文可知，空处应说明睡眠不好的情况，与上文睡眠的 重要性形成对比，从而引出下文改善睡眠的策略。G项符合语境，说 明了睡眠质量不足的危害。
14. A　该段主要强调了睡眠对身体修复方面的作用。A项能准确概括 该段主旨。
15. C　该段主要在阐述睡眠需求会随着年龄的不同而发生变化。C项 符合语境。
16. F　根据第四段可知，此处应接着说明失眠的原因。F项符合语 境。F项中的It指代上文的insomnia，解释了失眠的成因，符合语境。
17. E　根据上文可知，此处应进一步强调睡眠的重要性和必要性。E 项强调了睡眠是生理必需的，符合上下文关于重视睡眠的语境。
①catch up on sleep 补觉
②essential adj．必要的
③interruption （派）=interrupt＋－ion n．中断
④overall （合）=over＋all adj．总体的
跟踪检测（二）
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
　　（2026 湖南邵阳三模）Literature therapy （疗法）， a rising field of study that uses books and literature as a mental healing （治疗） method， is a research－backed solution to anxiety and other mental illness．
　　I was first into literature therapy because it was something that I had experienced in my own life．There is no better excitement than being placed into someone else’s life and discovering your own．By reading stories， we can learn to understand our own emotions — this is the basis of literature therapy．
　　I was at university when I started looking into literature therapy and realized that it was an actual research－backed solution to mental illness．During that time， I was taking a European literature course and， while discussing the topic with my professor， I was pointed to the story of John Stuart Mill， who was an influential philosopher and writer of the 19th century．In his early twenties， a mental breakdown occurred to him．This state of mind left him depressed and completely incapable of work．After months of losing himself in despair （绝望）， he finally managed to get out of the darkness．How did he overcome this despair？
It was a passage of literature from William Wordsworth that eventually freed him from this depression．
　　John Stuart Mill described this experience in his autobiography： “What made Wordsworth’s poems a medicine for my state of mind was that they expressed not mere outward beauty， but states of feelings and of thoughts coloured by feelings， under the excitement of beauty．They seemed to be the very culture of the feelings， which I was in quest of．From them， I seemed to find a source of inward joy， of sympathetic and imaginative pleasure， which could be shared by all human beings．”
　　In fact， there are countless examples to be found throughout history， because human experience is universal， and few things connect us better to it than our own stories．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了文学疗法这一新兴 研究领域，即利用书籍和文学作为心理治疗方法来应对焦虑和其他 精神疾病。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了文学疗法这一新兴
研究领域，即利用书籍和文学作为心理治疗方法来应对焦虑和其他
精神疾病。
1. What is literature therapy according to the text？　（　　）
A． A strategy for literature reading．
B． A growing field of physical treatment．
C． A solution to backing up mental research．
D． A psychological treatment through reading．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段中的By reading stories ．．．this is the basis of literature therapy．可知，文学疗法通过 阅读进行心理治疗。
2. What made the author recognize literature therapy？　（　　）
A． William Wordsworth’s poems．
B． Her personal struggle with illness．
C． John Stuart Mill’s experience．
D． Her professor’s research at university．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第三段中的During that time ．．．
from this depression．可知，John Stuart Mill的经历让作者认识到了文学疗法。
3. How did Wordsworth’s poetry affect John Stuart Mill？　（　　）
A． It released him from mental suffering．
B． It inspired him to become a philosopher．
C． It motivated him to pursue outward beauty．
D． It helped him continue his academic career．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第三段中的How did he overcome ．．．
from this depression．可知，Wordsworth的诗歌使John Stuart Mill摆脱了精神上的痛苦。
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？　（　　）
A． To introduce literature therapy．
B． To share her journey in literature．
C． To honor a poet in European literature．
D． To stress the limitation of literature therapy．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。本文主要讲述了文学疗法这一新兴研究领 域，即利用书籍和文学作为心理治疗方法来应对焦虑和其他精神疾 病，因此作者写本文的目的是介绍文学疗法。
①solution n．解决方法
②research－backed （合）=research＋back＋－ed adj．有研究支持的
③incapable （派）=in－＋capable adj．无能的
④sympathetic （派）=sympathy＋－ic adj．同情的
⑤free ．．． from 免于……的
B
　　（2026 重庆巴蜀中学模拟）In 1933， philosopher Bertrand Russell observed that “the fundamental cause of the trouble is that in the modern world the stupid are confident while the intelligent are full of doubt”． This insight remains relevant today， but the issue runs deeper： while most people recognize overconfidence in others， they rarely see it in themselves．This phenomenon， known as the Dunning－ Kruger Effect， reveals that those with the least knowledge often overestimate their abilities， while the truly knowledgeable remain humble and open－minded．
　　The Internet exacerbates this problem．With endless access to information， people often mistake superficial understanding for professional knowledge， leading to overconfidence．Organizational psychologist Adam Grant addresses this in his book Think Again， urging readers to challenge and update their beliefs．Grant argues that we often adopt the mindsets of churchmen， lawyers， or politicians — defending our beliefs， attacking others’， or seeking approval — rather than seeking truth．
　　To overcome this， Grant suggests separating our sense of self from fixed beliefs．Instead of sticking to beliefs， we should be open to revision．This scientific mindset encourages us to test ideas and update our understanding．Grant cites a study where entrepreneurs （企业家） trained in scientific thinking did better than their peers and achieved greater success， which highlights the value of open－mindedness and adaptability．
　　In the final part of the book， Grant shows us how rethinking skills enhance political debates， teaching， and workplace innovation．Grant provides a host of illustrative examples， but my favorite is the example of a history teacher who gets her students to think like scientists by rewriting textbook chapters that failed to cover important historical events in sufficient depth．This is a far better approach than simply delivering a lecture and forcing students to review the information on a test．
　　But of course， this book is not the final word on the topic， and Grant wouldn’t want it to be．As we gain better evidence and more experience， it’s our responsibility to continually renew our beliefs．As Russell said， “If you’re certain of anything， you’re certainly wrong， because nothing deserves absolute certainty．”
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过哲学家罗素的观点引出达 克效应（Dunning－Kruger Effect），探讨了人们普遍存在的认知偏 差问题，并结合亚当 格兰特《重新思考》一书中的理论，提出培养 科学思维和开放心态的重要性。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过哲学家罗素的观点引出达
克效应（Dunning－Kruger Effect），探讨了人们普遍存在的认知偏
差问题，并结合亚当 格兰特《重新思考》一书中的理论，提出培养
科学思维和开放心态的重要性。
5. What problem do most people have？　（　　）
A． Decline in self－confidence．
B． Concern about others’ doubts．
C． Indifference to social problems．
D． Unawareness of personal limitations．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第一段中的This insight remains relevant ．．．remain humble and open－minded．可知，作者强调大 多数人能识别别人的自信，却难以察觉自身的认知局限，正是这一点 构成了问题的关键。
6. What does the underlined word “exacerbates” in paragraph 2 probably mean？　（　　）
A． Creates． B． Fixes．
C． Worsens． D． Prevents．
√
解析： 　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的The Internet exacerbates this problem．及people often mistake superficial understanding for professional knowledge ．．．可知，互联网的便利使得人们更容易陷 入“浅知即真知”的误区，从而放大了原有的认知偏差。exacerbates 意为“加剧”，与worsens同义。
7. Which person could be an example in the final part of the book？　 （　　）
A． A chef open to feedback．
B． A scientist resistant to doubts．
C． A doctor reliant on experience．
D． A consumer blinded by brands．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第四段中的a history teacher who gets her students to think like scientists ．．．可知，该书推崇通过培养科学思 维和反思能力来提升学习成效，而A项中的厨师能够通过顾客反馈不 断调整自己，展现出开放心态和学习能力，最符合这一理念。
8. Which of the following can be used to describe the book？　（　　）
A． Practical and conclusive．
B． Insightful but not definitive．
C． Informative and theoretical．
D． Authoritative but not engaging．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的But of course， this book is not the final word on the topic， and Grant wouldn’t want it to be．可 知，作者认为这本书虽有启发性，但不代表真理的终点，这与B项 （富有洞察力但非绝对）完全吻合。
①phenomenon n．现象
②seek approval 寻求认同
③stick to 坚持
④illustrative （派）=illustrate＋－ive adj．说明性的
⑤overconfidence （合）=over＋confidence n．过度自信
Ⅱ．完形填空
　　（2026 海南海口模拟）I walked slowly towards the room where the book club was meeting．It was a sunny day， and the blue sky made me feel a bit 　9　．I had never been to a book club before and was feeling quite 　10　．I loved reading and spent many evenings 　11　 in stories of faraway places．Yet， talking to new people always made me 　12　．
　　As I entered the room， I saw a circle of chairs waiting for the 　13　．Some people were already there， chatting and laughing with one 　14　．I breathed deeply and 　15　 myself that everyone was there for books．I walked over to an empty chair and quietly sat down．Mary， the club leader， noticed my sitting alone and walked over to 　16　 herself， “Hello， I’m Mary， and you must be Susan．” I told her it was my first time to the book club．“We’re a friendly 　17　， and we love to see new 　18　，” Mary assured me．
　　Soon， it was time to start the discussion about the book of the month．I had read the book twice and had many 　19　 about it．When it was my turn to speak， I hesitated， but then 　20　 my ideas．Surprisingly， the others listened and nodded 　21　．I even made them laugh with a joke about one of the book’s 　22　．
　　By the end of the sharing， I knew that I 　23　 the group．And I realized that I was no longer anxious about meeting new people．
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次参加读书俱 乐部的经历。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次参加读书俱
乐部的经历。
9. A． busier B． better
C． worse D． hotter
√
解析： 　结合常识和上文It was a sunny day， and the blue sky可推 知，阳光明媚的天气和蓝天通常会给人带来积极的感受，所以作者感 觉好一点了。
10. A． relaxed B． angry
C． glad D． shy
√
解析： 　根据上文I had never been to a book club before和最后一段中 的And I realized that I was no longer anxious about meeting new people．可推知，作者初次参加读书俱乐部，面对新人群会感到焦虑 和害羞。
11. A． lost B． caught
C． confused D． brought
√
解析： 　根据上文I loved reading可知，作者喜欢阅读，所以会沉浸 在故事中。be lost in是固定短语，意为“沉浸于，全神贯注于”，符 合语境。
12. A． excited B． anxious
C． tired D． confident
√
解析： 　结合上文talking to new people和最后一段中的And I realized that I was no longer anxious about meeting new people．可知，一开始， 和陌生人交谈会让作者感到焦虑。
13. A． students B． actors
C． members D． listeners
√
解析： 　根据上文I had never been to a book club before可知，作者去 的是读书俱乐部，结合下文Some people were already there可推知，椅 子是为俱乐部成员准备的。
14. A． more B． each
C． another D． other
√
解析： 　根据上文Some people were already there， chatting and laughing可知，人们是在互相交流。one another是固定短语，意为“彼 此，互相”。
15. A． reminded B． warned
C． informed D． encouraged
16. A． describe B． recommend
C． introduce D． show
√
解析： 　根据上文作者因为初次参加俱乐部感到紧张和下文that everyone was there for books可知，作者是在提醒自己大家来俱乐部的 目的，以此缓解紧张。
√
解析： 　根据下文Hello， I’m Mary， and you must be Susan．可 知，玛丽是在做自我介绍。
17. A． crowd B． couple
C． school D． group
18. A． faces B． books
C． places D． stories
√
解析： 　根据上文提到的读书俱乐部以及成员们交流的场景可知， 这里指的是读书俱乐部这个团体。
√
解析： 　根据上文I had never been to a book club before可知， 作者是第一次参加俱乐部，对于俱乐部来说作者就是新成员，也 就是新面孔。
19. A． plans B． thoughts
C． experiences D． worries
√
解析： 　根据上文I had read the book twice可知，读了两遍书自然会 有很多关于书的想法。下文When it was my turn to speak也表明作者有 可分享的内容，即想法。
20. A． changed B． discussed
C． approved D． shared
21. A． in agreement B． in progress
C． in addition D． in detail
√
解析： 　上文When it was my turn to speak说明作者要表达自己的内 容，下文the others listened表明其他人在听作者说话，所以作者是分享 了自己的想法。
√
解析： 　根据上文listened and nodded可知，其他人是同意作者的观 点才会点头。
22. A． authors B． characters
C． covers D． pages
√
23. A． came to B． turned to
C． belonged to D． referred to
解析： 　

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