资源简介

(共186张PPT)
主题引领·语法融通
with
treatment
artificially
to
lead
that
factors
be
classified
to
are opposed
systematic
单元知识 必备清单
Ⅰ．阅读单词——我会认
第一组
1. marathon n． 马拉松赛跑
2. athletics n． 田径运动
3. innovate vi．& vt． 革新，创新，改革
4. vaccine n． 疫苗
5. resilience n． 恢复力，复原力，适应力
6. doping n． 使用违禁药物（以提高体育比赛的成绩）
7. clone vt． 克隆，使无性繁殖
n． 克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体
8. gene n． 基因
9. artificially adv． 人为地，虚假地
第二组
10. identical adj． 完全相同的，非常相似的
11. mammal n． 哺乳动物
12. camel n． 骆驼
13. cattle n． 牛
14. goat n． 山羊
15. primate n． 灵长目动物
16. ape n． 猿
17. reproductive adj． 繁殖的，生殖的
18. clue n． 线索，提示
第三组
19. provoke vt． 激起，引起
20. ethical adj． 关于伦理的；合乎道德的
21. inferior adj． 低级别的，下级的；差的，
次的
22. curse n． 祸因，祸根；诅咒，咒语
23. atom n． 原子
24. organ n． 器官
25. impulse n． （神经）冲动，（电）脉冲
26. crossword n． 纵横字谜，纵横填字游戏
27. intake n． 摄入量，摄取量
第四组
28. omega n． 欧米伽（希腊字母表的最后一个字母，即Ω， ω）
29. epidemic n． 传染病，流行病
30. virus n． 病毒
31. variation n． 变化物，变体；差异，变动
32. bacteria n． 细菌
33. baseline n． （医学或科学中的）基线，
准线
34. database n． 数据库，资料库
35. astronomer n． 天文学家
36. trial n． 试验；审判，审理
Ⅱ．多义单词——我会辨
1. pose vt． 造成，引起，产生（问题、危险、困难等）
n． （为画像、拍照等而摆的）姿势，姿态
2. mere adj． 仅仅， 只不过； 极小的， 极不重要的
3. abuse vt． 滥用，妄用；虐待
n． 滥用； 虐待
4. rare adj． 稀有的， 罕见的， 不常发生的
5. thorough adj．　　彻底的， 全面的， 详尽的
Ⅲ．核心单词——我会写
第一组
1. justify vt．　　证明……有道理， 为……辩护
2. participant n． 参加者， 参与者
3. barrier n． 障碍， 壁垒
4. twin n． 双胞胎中的一个
5. forever adv． 永远； 长久地
6. emotion n． 强烈的情感， 激情
7. crucial adj． 至关重要的， 关键性的
8. bound adj． 很有可能， 肯定会
9. contain vt． 包含， 容纳， 装盛
10. locate vi．& vt． 找出……的准确位置
11. zone n． 地区， 地带
12. factor n． 因素， 要素
第二组
13. officially adv． 官方地， 正式地
14. widespread adj． 分布广的， 广泛流传的
15. estimate vt． 估计， 估算
16. visible adj． 看得见的
17. symptom n． 症状； 征兆， 症候
18. bury vt． 埋葬， 安葬； 埋藏
19. paragraph n． （文章的）段， 段落
20. phenomenon n． 现象
21. needle n． 针
22. suspect n． （犯罪）嫌疑人， 可疑分子
23. victim n． （袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的）受害者
Ⅳ．拓展词汇——我会拓
第一组
1. biology n．生物学→biological adj．生物的；生物学的→biologist n．生物学家
2. capable adj．有能力的→capability n．（完成困难事情的）能力， 才能
3. infer vt．推断，推定→inference n．推断，推定
4. calculate vt．计算，核算→calculation n．计算，核算→calculator n．计算器
5. physics n．物理学→physical adj．物理学的；身体的；物质的 →physicist n．物理学家
6. better vt．改善，提高；超过；胜过→betterment n．（个人社会和 经济地位的）改良，改善，提高
7. edit vi．& vt．编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接→edition n．版本，版次 →editor n．编辑，主编
8. compare v．比较→comparison n．比较
9. whole adj．完全的→wholly adv．完全地
10. accurate adj．准确的，正确的→accurately adv．准确地→accuracy n．准确性，准确度
第二组
11. treat n．乐事；款待 vt．治疗；对待→treatment n．诊疗，治疗， 疗法；对待方式
12. bless vt．祝福→blessing n．福气，幸运
13. nerve n．神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张→nervous adj．紧张的
14. classify vt．将……分类；把……归入一类→classified adj．分类 的；机密的→classification n．归类，分类，分级
15. oppose vt．反对→opposed adj．与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞 成某事物→opposite adj．对面的；相反的→opposition n．反对，反抗
16. depress vt．令人沮丧；使萧条→depressing adj．令人沮丧的，让 人忧愁的→depressed adj．沮丧的，忧愁的→depression n．沮丧； （经济）萧条
17. steady adj．稳定的；稳固的→steadily adv．稳定地→unsteady adj．不稳定的
18. actual adj．实际的，真实的→actually adv．事实上；的确
19. system n．系统，体系，制度→systematic adj．系统化的，有 条理的
20. globe n．地球，世界；地球仪→global adj．全球的
Ⅴ．重点短语——我会记
第一组
1. be amazed at 对……感到惊讶
2. make a decision 作出决定
3. warm up 热身；加热
4. on one’s own 独立地
5. be devoted to 致力于
6. a number of 大量的
7. so far 到目前为止
8. an amount of 大量的
9. be crucial for 对……至关重要
第二组
10. view ．．．as ．．． 把……看作……
11. be good for 对……有好处
12. be good at 擅长
e up 走近；被提出
e up with 想出
15. make good use of 很好地利用
16. be divided into 被划分成
17. in the course of 在……的过程中
18. pose a threat 构成威胁
Ⅵ．单元佳句 ——我会用
1. They were the first－ever primates （the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans） to have been cloned!　（the first ．．．to do ．．）
它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物（哺乳动物的一个类别，包 括猿、猴子和人类）!
2. While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement， others raise moral concerns．　（while 引导的让步状语从句）
尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方 面的担忧。
3. How it is used， whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind， depends on mankind and not on the instrument．　（whether ．．．or ．．．）
怎样使用它，究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，完全取决于人类 自己，而不取决于工具。
4. Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic， making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire．　（动词－ing短语作结果状语）
科学家们现在估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成 为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。
5. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months， the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history．　（sb/sth be believed to be ．．．）
在18个月内造成5，000万人死亡之后，西班牙流感被认为是历史上最 严重的流行病。
高考高分 提升密码
Ⅰ．高考阅读疑难词汇——清障有法
构词法 名词后缀－er；－or；－ant；－ist；－ian；－ee表示 “……人”
写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和词义
1. （2025 1月浙江卷）As a company car is provided， you must have a driver’s license and a good driving record．　
n．司机，驾驶员
2. （2025 全国二卷）I’ll talk to the human resources director and let you know the result on Thursday．　
3. （2025 1月浙江卷）For example， participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices．　
n．负责人，主管
n．助手
Ⅱ.2025新增课标词汇——精准备考
1. furthermore adv．此外；而且；再者
Companies must protect workers’ rights； furthermore， they should fulfill environmental responsibilities by reducing carbon emissions．
企业必须保障工人权利；此外，还应通过减少碳排放来履行环保 责任。
2. gene n．基因
①gene therapy 基因疗法
②gene pool 基因库
③gene mutation 基因突变
Research shows that a gene associated with taking risks is also associated with an increased likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur．
研究表明，一种与承担风险相关的基因也与成为企业家的可能性增加 有关。
3. gesture n．手势；姿态；表示 v．打手势
①gesture to/at sb/sth 向某人/某物做手势
②as a gesture of goodwill/friendship 作为善意/友好的表示
③make/give a gesture 做一个手势
（2025 全国一卷） A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture of respect for the other side．
一位体面的获胜者总是会尽量以不超过一两分的差距击败对手，以示 对对手的尊重。
4. transfer n．转移；迁移；调动；变换 v．转移（感情）；转让（权 力等）；（使）搬迁
①transfer to ．．． 转移到……；调任至……
②transfer from ．．． 从……转移/调任
③transfer money/funds 转账
④transfer student 转学生
The development of high－speed rail has significantly reduced travel time between major cities， making day trips and transfers much easier．
高铁的发展大幅缩短了主要城市之间的出行时间，让一日游和换乘变 得便捷得多。
5. transition n．过渡；转变；变迁；变革； v．〈北美〉经历转变过 程；过渡
①transition from A to B 从A过渡/转变到B
②transition to ．．． 向……过渡/转变
③in transition 处于过渡/转变中
④career transition/job transition 职业转型/工作转换
Successful adaptation to university life requires students to navigate the transition from structured high school learning to independent study．
成功适应大学生活需要学生完成从结构化高中学习到自主学习的 过渡。
核心知识 点面突破
capability n．（完成困难事情的）能力，才能
练通 单句语法填空/语块填词
①The nurse treated the patient （capable）， checking the medicine carefully．
②He （能够） helping others while the people around admire his warm heart．
capably
is capable of
写美 完成句子
③她有写美 丽故事的能力，常常把作品发表在校刊上。
， often sharing her work in the school magazine．
（1）the capability to do/of doing sth　　　做某事的能力
（2）capable adj．　　有能力的；有才干的
be capable of　　能够，能，敢于
（3）capably adv．　　能干地
She had the capability to write beautiful stories
佳句 The girl had the capability of painting pictures， drawing flowers on the wall and her teacher encouraged her to join the school art competition．　（学校生活）
女孩有绘画的能力，她在墙上画花，老师鼓励她参加学校的绘画 比赛。
comparison n．比较
练通 单句语法填空/语块填词
①The teacher compared our class another one and advised us to learn their spirit of helping each other．
②The teacher asked us to （作比较） between city life and country life， writing down our ideas carefully．
with/to
make a comparison
写美 一句多译
③与上学期相比，这学期她的成绩有了显著提升。
→ ， her grades have improved significantly this term．（comparison）
→ ， her grades have improved significantly this term．（compare）
In comparison with last term
Compared to/with last term
（1）in comparison with　　　　与……相比
make a comparison　　作比较
（2）compare vi．& vt．　　比较，对比；把……比作
compare ．．．with/to ．．．　　把……与……相比较
compared with/to ．．．　和……相比（通常作状语）
佳句 Some people compare the journey of life to sailing： there are ups and downs， but you have to keep moving forward．　（演讲稿）
有些人把生活的旅程比作航行：有高潮有低谷，但你必须不断前进。
联想 “比较”的同义表达：
①similar to 类似
②in common with 与……相同
③in contrast to 相比之下
bound adj．很有可能，肯定会
练通 单句语法填空/语块填词
①The girl is bound （feel） happy after receiving the letter， smiling with tears in her eyes．
②The man （忙于） repairing his bike， trying to fix the chain．
to feel
was bound up in
写美 完成句子
③这列开往北京的列车上载满了学生，他们正兴奋地交谈着。　（动 作描写）
， carrying many students， who were talking excitedly．
be bound to do sth　　　　一定会做某事
be bound for　　开往某地；准备前往某地
be bound up in sth　　忙于某事
The train was bound for Beijing
佳句 The plane was bound for Shanghai， flying smoothly through the thick white clouds， while the young boy pressed his face to the window eagerly， dreaming of the busy and colorful city．　（环境、动作描写）
飞机飞往上海，平稳地穿过厚厚的白云，而小男孩急切地把脸贴在窗 上，梦想着那座繁忙多彩的城市。
locate vi．& vt．找出……的准确位置
练通 单句语法填空
①The restaurant， （locate） on the corner of the street， served delicious food．
②The （locate） of the village was special， near a big river．
located
location
写美 完成句子
③博物馆位于首都，展出许多宝物。　（地点介绍）
， showing many treasures．
The museum is located in the capital city
（1）located adj．　　　　位于
be located in　　位于；坐落于
（2）location n．　　位置；地点
佳句 The workers located the broken pipe， repairing it at once， while the villagers waited nearby， hoping for clean water again．　（动作描写）
工人们找到了坏掉的水管，立即修理，而村民们在旁边等待，希望再 次用上干净的水。
estimate vt．估计，估算；估价
练通 单句语法填空/语块填词
①In my （estimate）， she is one of the most talented artists of her generation．
②The value of the antique vase （估价为） over $1，000.My grandmother had no idea it was worth so much．
estimation
was estimated at
写美 句型转换
③We estimate that over two hundred students will join the sports meeting．
→ over two hundred students will join the sports meeting．
It is estimated that
（1）estimate sth at ．．． 估算某物的价格为……，估计某 数字为……
be estimated to do ．．．　　估计做……
estimate that ．．．　　估计……
It is estimated that ．．．　　据估计……
（2）estimation n．　（对水平、数量等的）估计；判断，评价
佳句 The coming storm is estimated to bring heavy rainfall and winds up to 80 mph．　（环境描写）
即将来临的风暴预计带来大量降雨和高达80英里/小时的强风。
bury vt．埋葬，安葬；埋藏；将……埋在下面；遮盖；使专心
练通 单句语法填空
①I （bury） in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained abundant knowledge．
am buried
burying his head in his
arms
with his head buried in his
arms
his head buried in his
arms
写美 句型转换
佳句 The boy buried himself in reading adventure stories， completely lost in imagination， while his friends outside shouted loudly， but he did not hear them at all．　（动作描写）
男孩埋头读冒险故事，完全沉浸在想象中，而外面的朋友大声喊叫， 他却一点也没有听见。
联想 “动词＋反身代词＋介词”的表达：
①lose oneself in 沉浸于/忘情于
②adapt oneself to 使适应
③address/apply/devote oneself to 致力于
④discipline oneself to 迫使自己
pose vt．造成，引起，产生（问题、危险、困难等） n．（为画像、 拍照等而摆的）姿势，姿态
①The heavy rains pose a serious threat．
大雨构成了严重威胁。
②The teacher’s unexpected announcement posed excitement among the students．
老师出人意料的宣布引起了学生们的兴奋。
③The lack of communication poses difficulties．
缺乏沟通带来了困难。
④He looked relaxed as he struck a casual pose．
他看起来很放松，摆了个随意的姿势。
句型公式：动词－ing形式（短语）作结果状语
教材原句　Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic， making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire．
科学家们现在估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成 为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。
frightening the birds into flying
away
（1）动词－ing形式（短语）作结果状语表示意料、情理之中的结 果。
（2）动词不定式（短语）作结果状语，一般放在句子后面，且表示 出乎意料的结果，常与only， just等词连用。
only to learn that she had gone
abroad a week before
佳句 ①She opened the box suddenly， dropping all the toys onto the floor， which made her little brother cry loudly．　（动作描写）
她突然打开盒子，结果所有玩具掉在地上，这让她的小弟弟大声哭了 起来。
②He invested all his savings in the stock market， not knowing the risks involved．
他把所有积蓄都投入了股市，不知道其中涉及的风险。
高效迁移 微点练全
一词多义/熟词生义
1. nerve n．神经；勇气 vt．鼓足勇气
①She nerved herself to ask the teacher for help， realizing that it was the only way to understand the difficult topic．　
②A sensitive nerve in a tooth can cause great pain．　
③You’ll need plenty of nerve to sit beside him when he is driving．　
vt．鼓足勇气
n．神经
n．勇气
2. pose vi．摆好姿势 vt．造成（威胁、问题等） n．（为画像、拍照 等而摆的）姿势
①This book’s cover photo shows a scientist in a confident pose， symbolizing humanity’s readiness to tackle the challenges posed by AI． 　
　
②（2024 新课标Ⅱ卷）This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution （变革）．　
③Please sit still while you pose for your photo．　
n．（为画像、拍照等而摆的）姿势
vt．造成（威胁、问题等）
vt．造成（威胁、问题等）
vi．摆好姿势
3. Learning that he was appointed as head of the team，he couldn’t contain his excitement．　
4. We cannot calculate on his help because he is not reliable．　
5. We sampled a selection of different bottles of water．　
6. I got up early to catch the train that was bound for Shanghai．　
7. Her head was buried in the book she was reading．　
8. It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．　
vt．克制，抑制（感情）
vi．指望
vt．品尝
adj．开往
adj．埋头于
vt．确定
单句语法填空
1. The new software has the capability （process） large amounts of data quickly．
2. When you make a （compare） between the two products， you’ll notice that one is more affordable and offers better features．
3. If we continue working this hard， we are bound （finish） the project ahead of schedule．
to process
comparison
to finish
4. The museum （locate） in a historic building， allowing visitors to experience both art and architecture at the same time．
5. It （estimate） to take about two weeks to complete the repairs， but the weather may cause some delays．
is located
is estimated
完成句子
1. 莎拉是第一个正确完成科学实验的学生。（序数词后加动词不 定式）
Sarah the science experiment correctly．
2. 这个宝藏被认为藏在山中的某个地方。（be believed to）
The treasure somewhere in the mountains．
was the first student to do
is believed to be hidden
3. 语言障碍使得游客与当地人交流困难。（barrier）
made it difficult for the tourists to communicate with the locals．
4. 得到足够的休息至关重要，因为睡眠有助于提高记忆力和集中力。 （crucial）
， as sleep helps improve memory and concentration．
The language barrier
It is crucial to get enough rest
5. 她花了整个下午彻底清洁厨房。（thorough）
She spent the whole afternoon of the kitchen．
doing thorough cleaning
　应用文增分练——是否应该克隆人类
　　你校英文报就“是否应该克隆人类”发起讨论，请你写一篇短文 投稿。内容包括：
　　（1）同意的观点；
　　（2）反对的观点；
　　（3）你的看法。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1. 最近，我们就“是否应该克隆人类”进行了一次讨论。（宾语 从句）

2.50%的学生认为克隆人类是非常有意义的。（meaningful）

3. 它可以使世界更加有趣，给人们带来更多快乐。

Recently we have had a discussion on whether we should clone humans．
50 percent of the students think cloning humans is very meaningful．
It can make the world more interesting and give people more pleasure．
4. 我们可以克隆一些著名的科学家，让他们为人类做更多的事情。
5. 而40%的学生的想法则完全不同。（while）

6. 在他们看来，人类是不能被克隆的。（in one’s opinion）

We can clone some famous scientists and let them do more things for humans．
While 40 percent of the students think quite differently．
In their opinion， humans can’t be cloned．
7. 首先，我们每个人都很特别，但克隆人只不过是一个复制品。 （nothing but）
8. 此外，克隆人可能会被一些坏人利用，这将给世界带来巨大的危 害。（非限制性定语从句）
First of all， each of us is very special， but a cloned person is nothing but a copy．
In addition， cloned people may be used by some bad people， which will do great harm to the world．
9. 就我而言，现在很难说克隆人类是否正确。（as far as）
10. 也许我们只能拭目以待。

As far as I am concerned， it is hard to tell whether cloning humans is right or not right now．
Perhaps we will just have to wait and see．
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
　　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇 80个词左右 的短文。
　　 　Recently we have had a discussion on whether we should clone humans.50 percent of the students think cloning humans is very meaningful．They believe it can make the world more interesting and give people more pleasure．What’s more， we can clone some famous scientists and let them do more things for humans．　
　　 　While 40 percent of the students think quite differently．In their opinion， humans can’t be cloned．First of all， each of us is very special， but a cloned person is nothing but a copy．In addition， cloned people may be used by some bad people， which will do great harm to the world．　
　　 　As far as I am concerned， it is hard to tell whether cloning humans is right or not right now．Perhaps we will just have to wait and see．　
　读后续写微技能——燃起希望，逐梦火星
积累教材续写语料——有效强化教考衔接
词汇
积累 人物描写：straightforward； self－discipline； crew
环境描写：hazardous； unexceptional； tragically； instantaneously； lifelike； awesome
动作描写：become accustomed to； rekindle； cast a shadow on； scream； suspend； submit； angle； fetch； sneeze
佳句
积累 1.Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could go wrong．　（心理描写）
2.The world went into shock， most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane．How wrong they had been!Instantaneously， excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure．It was the most disastrous space accident ever， and it cast a shadow on people’s hearts．　（心理描写）
3.We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle．　（动作描写）
拓展续写话题素材——精准构建表达基石
主题语境主旨升华技巧：脱困类
结尾一：经
历＋感悟 That day was so unforgettable that it would be engraved in my mind forever．
那一天是如此难忘，它将被永远刻在我的脑海里。
结尾二：名 言/句型＋ 感悟 1.Only then was I aware that it was courage that enabled us to overcome whatever hardships we came across．　（倒装；强调句型）
直到那时我才意识到，是勇气使我们能够克服我们遇到 的任何困难。
2.Just as the old saying goes， “Where there’s a will， there’s a way．” With joint efforts we finally achieved our goal．
正如常言所说：“有志者，事竟成。”在大家的共同努 力下，我们终于达成了目标。
重拳锤炼续写场景——积累内化应用提升
　　场景导入：“我”的梦想是去火星，但面临很多难题，朋友的话 给予“我”希望……
　　When my friend， who is knowledgeable about astronomy， asked me which planet I would most like to visit if given the chance， I 1. （兴奋地大喊）， “Mars!” But my friend reminded me， “There are still many challenges waiting to be solved．With the temperature being over 60 degrees below zero， now we can’t go to Mars．”
screamed at the top of my voice
I was cast down
Only if we don’t submit ourselves to difficulties can we achieve our
goal
Just as an old saying goes， where there’s a will， there’s a
way
　　（2023 新课标Ⅰ卷，阅读D）On March 7， 1907， the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect．The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases， the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate．
　　This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors， those errors aren’t always the same．Some people will tend to overestimate， and some to underestimate．When enough of these errors are averaged together， they cancel each other out， resulting in a more accurate estimate．If people are similar and tend to make the same errors， then their errors won’t cancel each other out．In more technical terms， the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent．If， for whatever reasons， people’s errors become correlated or dependent， the accuracy of the estimate will go down．
　　But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist （转折） on this classic phenomenon．The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion， the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals．For instance， the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals．
　　In a follow－up study with 100 university students， the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion．Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates？ Did they follow those least willing to change their minds？ This happened some of the time， but it wasn’t the dominant response．Most frequently， the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together．” Somehow， these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error．
　　Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain， the potential implications for group discussion and decision－making are enormous．
做真题——感悟命题角度
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了针对“群体智慧”效应 的各项研究，指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了针对“群体智慧”效应
的各项研究，指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？
A． The methods of estimation．
B． The underlying logic of the effect．
C． The causes of people’s errors．
D． The design of Galton’s experiment．
√
解析： 　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段解释了“群体智 慧”效应的基本逻辑。
33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if 　　　　．
A． the crowds were relatively small
B． there were occasional underestimates
C． individuals did not communicate
D． estimates were not fully independent
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第二段中的In more technical terms， the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent．和第 三段中的when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion ．．．independent individuals可知， Navajas的研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，估计的平 均准确度也可以提高。
34. What did the follow－up study focus on？
A． The size of the groups．
B． The dominant members．
C． The discussion process．
D． The individual estimates．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，后续研究主要关注小 组成员在讨论中的行为。研究人员发现，大多数情况下，小组成员表 示他们“分享观点并共同推理”。因此，后续研究的重点是小组讨论 的过程。
35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies？
A． Unclear． B． Dismissive．
C． Doubtful． D． Approving．
√
解析： 　观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，尽管Navajas的研究 有局限性，但是对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此判断， 作者对Navajas的研究持赞同的态度。
理脉络——构建篇章思维
再利用——拓宽词句积累
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1. statistician n． 统计学家
2. phenomenon n． 现象
3. independent adj． 独立的
4. dominant adj． 主导的
5. limitation n． 限制
6. capitalize v． 大写，利用
（二）由文本积派生（合成）词汇
1. overestimate v．［合成词］ 高估（over＋estimate）
2. underestimate v．［合成词］ 低估（under＋estimate）
3. discussion n．［派生词］ 讨论（discuss＋－ion）
4. accuracy n．［派生词］ 准确性（accurate＋－cy）
5. follow－up n．［合成词］ 跟进，后续（follow＋up）
（三）由文本积主题语块
1. average of estimates 估计的平均值
2. cancel each other out 互相抵消
3. global reduction 全局减少
4. key finding 关键发现
5. potential implications 潜在影响
6. reduction in error 错误的减少
（四）由文本知变式运用
1. 近义替换（用文中的词汇替换）
①make mistakes→ （第二段）
②the average gained from the estimates→ （第三段）
errors
obtained
2. 熟词生义（文中生义）
average ［熟义］ n．平均数→ ［生义］ （第二段第 三句）
v．平均
主系表
表语
时间
groups
这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分为可以进行讨论
的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体更为准确
跟踪检测（一）
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
　　（2026 浙江宁波模拟）My father loved lists．Over 25 years， he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C－ SPAN， which he watched every Sunday night．He also kept grocery lists for his mini－fridge — Pepsi， coffee， heavy cream — and daily tasks．These notes filled small notebooks， always near his reading chair．He wrote them until 31 December， 2004， when cancer stopped him．After his death， I gathered the notebooks into a box．For years， I couldn’t bear to open them．
　　Born in 1927 in Lowell， Massachusetts， my father was the son of a leather factory worker and grandson of an Irish immigrant who cleaned horse manure from the streets．Despite his humble beginnings， he was brilliant．After a summer in the leather factory， he graduated from high school at 16 and went on to Boston College．He served in World War Ⅱ and later earned degrees in physics．Then he worked at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory， moved his family from Lowell to Boston， and sent his kids to private colleges．It seemed he had left Lowell behind — but not so． Deep down， he saw himself simply as a working－class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books．
　　He didn’t travel much， and didn’t feel the need．When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world， he defended himself： “I’ve sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds， climbed the Himalayas， and stared down wild animals．” Then he added， “I read．” Books were his world．From them， he learned to survive landslides， shark attacks， and even gorilla attacks．He had what he called “a rich inner life” — and it was true．
　　Shortly before his death， he opened a small purple notebook and began one last list．It described details from 1930s Lowell — things lost in time．Twenty years later， I found it．In his flowing handwriting， Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone， now captured only in memory．Lost and only in memory — that was how I was experiencing Dad now．Squinting my eyes， I saw not just the city he loved， but the quiet， extraordinary man I called Dad．
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过父亲的清单和人生经历， 展现其生活态度、内心世界及身份认同。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过父亲的清单和人生经历，
展现其生活态度、内心世界及身份认同。
1. Why are the details of the father’s lists mentioned in paragraph 1？　 （　　）
A． To imply his fear of forgetting．
B． To reflect his ordered and thoughtful life．
C． To reveal his reliance on control．
D． To show his love for literature and cuisine．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，父亲坚持记录读书、日常 购物和任务清单，且笔记本始终置于阅读椅旁，体现出他生活有条 理、做事细致用心。由此可知，第一段提及父亲清单的细节是为了反 映他有条理且周到的生活。
2. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean？　（　　）
A． He stayed humble and rooted．
B． He struggled with his identity．
C． His success originated from his roots．
D． He felt torn about his background．
√
解析： 　句意理解题。根据第二段中的Despite his humble beginnings ．．．private colleges．以及画线句子后的内容可知，尽管 父亲通过努力获得了社会地位的提升，但他内心仍将自己视为来自洛 厄尔的普通工人子弟，保持着谦逊和对本源的认同。因此可知，画线 句意味着他保持谦逊且不忘根本。
3. What does the father’s quote in paragraph 3 mainly reveal？　（　　）
A． His pride in inner journeys．
B． His dream of global travel．
C． His desire for real adventure．
D． His escape from physical world．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，父亲通过阅读实现了精神 上的“旅行”，将书籍视为自己的世界，并以这种内心的充实为傲。 因此，父亲在第三段的引述主要揭示了他对内心精神世界的自豪。
4. What is the main theme of the passage？　（　　）
A． Pursuit and action．
B． Loss and regret．
C． Ambition and escape．
D． Memory and identity．
√
解析： 　主旨大意题。文章以父亲的“清单”为线索，既回忆了父 亲通过记录清单展现了生活秩序，又通过他对出身的认同、对阅读构 建的内心世界的坚守，体现了他的身份认知。尾段中的Lost and only in memory进一步将对父亲的怀念与身份认同主题交织。因此，文章 的主题是“记忆与身份”。
①episode n．（电视、广播、播客等的）一集，（人生、历史中的） 一段经历
②in time 及时
③mini－fridge （合）=mini＋fridge n．迷你冰箱
④earn degrees 获得学位
⑤landslide （合） =land＋slide n．滑坡
⑥extraordinary（合）=extra＋ordinary adj．非凡的
B
　　（2026 广东佛山二模）How individuals describe their experiences plays a crucial role in shaping emotions and decision－ making．However， little research has examined whether language can impact how people experience time alone．To find it out， researchers studied how different terms used to describe time alone affect individuals’ understanding of it and their emotions and behaviors．
　　In the first study， 500 adults were randomly assigned to evaluate one of five labels describing time alone： me－time， time alone， solitude （孤单）， being alone， or isolation．They rated their assigned term on several dimensions， including how positive or negative it felt， its perceived impact on well－being， and whether they actively sought or avoided that type of experience．
　　This study revealed that “me－time” was consistently rated as the most positive， with participants considering it as beneficial to well－ being and something they actively sought out．In contrast， “isolation” was viewed as the least desirable．The other three labels fell somewhere in between．
　　In the second study， 176 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to a 30－minute solitude period described as either me－time or isolation．Before the session， they completed a survey measuring baseline beliefs about being alone．During the session， they avoided all social interactions， but could engage in non－social activities like reading or writing．Afterward， they rated their emotions， described their thoughts and behaviors， and reassessed their beliefs about being alone．
　　Those who spent 30 minutes alone after being told they were having “me－time” reported an increase in positive effect， while those who were told they were in “isolation” experienced a decline in positive emotions．Additionally， participants in the “me－time” condition reported more positive beliefs about being alone after the session compared with their baseline beliefs， while those in the “isolation” condition showed no significant change．
　　Interestingly， choice of terms did not significantly influence the activities participants engaged in．But it did appear to shape thought content， with those in the “isolation” condition being more likely to think about schoolwork， while those in the “me－time” condition were more likely to reflect on personal growth．
　　The studies， however， involved individuals that consisted primarily of adults and undergraduate students， limiting the generalizability of the findings across diverse populations．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过两项 研究探讨了用于描述独处时间的不同词汇如何影响人们对独处的理 解、情绪和行为。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过两项
研究探讨了用于描述独处时间的不同词汇如何影响人们对独处的理
解、情绪和行为。
5. What is the research purposes according to paragraph 1？　（　　）
A． To explore the benefits of positive emotions．
B． To explore people’s preferences for time alone．
C． To explore how people make decisions while alone．
D． To explore how language shapes people’s perceptions．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第一段中的To find it out ．．．and their emotions and behaviors．可知，研究目的之一是探索语言如何塑造人 们的感知。
6. What can be concluded from the first study？　（　　）
A． People treasure their time of being alone．
B． Label selection reflects people’s personality．
C． People prefer being alone to social interaction．
D． Terms for time alone affect emotional responses．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第三段This study revealed ．．．the least desirable．可知，从第一个研究中可以得出的结论是“孤立”被认为 是最不可取的。由此可推知，独处的时间会影响情绪反应。
7. Why were the baseline beliefs about being alone rated？　（　　）
A． To predict future outcomes．
B． To ensure accurate understanding．
C． To track potential opinion shifts．
D． To group the participants accordingly．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段Additionally ．．．no significant change．可知，对独处的基本信念进行评分是为了追踪潜 在的意见转变。
8. What is the limitation of the research？　（　　）
A． Contradictory results．
B． Restricted participant range．
C． Controlled research duration．
D． Unreliable research methods．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，研究的局限性是有限的 参与者范围。
①behavior n．行为
②emotion n．情感
③positive adj．积极的
④session n．时段
⑤isolation （派）=isolate＋－ion n．孤立
C
　　（2026 江西新余模拟）Sports drinks are drinks enhancing electrolytes （电解质）．Their main purpose is to restore water and electrolytes that are lost during heavy exercise and sweating．They will contain electrolytes．Many are added sugars．Sometimes they contain caffeine （咖啡因）．
　　There are also energy drinks that are often， and unfortunately， confused with sports drinks．Energy drinks typically contain large amounts of caffeine．These energy drinks could reduce tiredness and enhance performance in the short term．However， they are not sports drinks and should not be used when the purpose is to provide electrolytes and liquids．
　　Energy drinks can be dangerous when consumed in large quantities．High amounts of caffeine can cause irregular and rapid heartbeats．Individuals may become anxious and develop sleeping problems．Those consuming energy drinks instead of sports drinks or water may become short of water．Experts recommend that children and teenagers should not use energy drinks．However， 30% to 50% of teenagers report consuming them．This could be because of the confusion between sports drinks and energy drinks， so people should be careful to choose the drinks that are appropriate for their purpose．Parents should keep in mind that there are other drinks that contain caffeine， including coffee and many sodas， and that many energy drinks contain very high levels of caffeine．
　　Most people do not need sports drinks．Water is sufficient， and the food people eat will usually contain the electrolytes they need．Athletes engaging in mild activity and children playing on the playground or engaging in after－school recreational sports generally do not need additional electrolyte replacement drinks．Individuals who should consider sports drinks are athletes who are doing strenuous exercise for at least an hour or longer．Whether they need it depends on the climate， type and intensity of exercise， and whether they sweat heavily．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了运动饮料和能量饮料的 区别、各自的作用和适用情况。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了运动饮料和能量饮料的
区别、各自的作用和适用情况。
9. How are sports drinks different from energy drinks？　（　　）
A． They recover water．
B． They contain caffeine．
C． They ease tiredness．
D． They produce electrolyte．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Their main purpose ．．．and sweating．可知，运动饮料的主要目的是补充剧烈运动中流失的水分 和电解质；第二段指出能量饮料虽能暂时减少疲劳，但不能用于补水 和补充电解质。因此，A项（它们恢复水分）正是区分运动饮料与能 量饮料的关键点。
10. What can we know from the text？　（　　）
A． Sports drinks are added too much sugar．
B． Energy drinks are used to reduce tiredness．
C． Energy drinks improve performance for a long time．
D． Drink much coffee doesn’t do harm to children’s health．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第二段中的These energy drinks ．．．in the short term．可推知，能量饮料的主要目的是帮助缓解疲劳。
11. Why should children and teenagers avoid using energy drinks？（　　）
A． Energy drinks taste less delicious．
B． Energy drinks lead to lack of water．
C． Energy drinks contain much caffeine．
D． Energy drinks are dangerous in quality．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Energy drinks ．．．and teenagers should not use energy drinks．可知，青少年摄入能量饮料可 能引发健康问题，因此应避免饮用。
12. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “strenuous” in last paragraph？　（　　）
A． Energetic． B． Gentle．
C． Relaxing． D． Breathing．
√
解析： 　词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的strenuous exercise for at least an hour or longer以及下文提到的运动强度、气候等因素可推知， strenuous描述的是强度大、剧烈的运动，A项符合语境。
①enhance v．提高，增强
②sufficient adj．足够的
③be confused with 与……混淆
④performance（派）=perform＋－ance n．表现
⑤heartbeat（合）=heart＋beat n．心跳
Ⅱ．阅读七选五
　　（2026 湖北黄冈高三联考）Life isn’t fair．Some people just seem blessed with the ability to effortlessly charm anyone they meet．Well， it might seem like a magical power， but in fact there are a number of factors at work.13. 　　 The answer is： to a large extent， yes， you can．
　　But first， the bad news．People initially judge each other based purely on physical appearance．With just a glimpse of a face， people make snap judgments about each other’s likeability， trustworthiness and confidence．How should we deal with this？ 14. 　　 People perceive a smiling face as more trustworthy， warmer and more sociable．It sounds like common sense， doesn’t it？ Smile and others will smile with you．
　　What other tricks might we have？ 15. 　　 Consequently， three things we can do to signal that we are not a threat are to： raise our eyebrows quickly， tilt （仰起） our heads slightly， and once again， smile．
　　So we’ve looked at body language， but of course what you say is hugely important too， unless you want to just stand there grinning foolishly．The golden rule of friendship is if you make people feel good about themselves， they’re going to like you．In other words， you should not talk about yourself and all your wonderful achievements.
16. 　　
　　Finally， finding common ground is good for forming a connection．Charming people are particularly skilled at seeking out shared interests or experiences to bond with others．Simple things like asking where someone’s from really can open up a discussion and allow you to find areas in common．And if all else fails， you can fall back on that most British of topics： the weather.17. 　　
A． It can be a nice start of a conversation．
B． Instead， you need to show interest in them．
C． There’s one incredibly simple tool： your smile．
D． So， can you learn to develop superhuman charm？
E． What good tricks can we employ to become charming？
F． Shared interests are the key to making connections with others．
G． Our brains often survey the environment for friend or enemy signals．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了四种让人变得魅力四射 的方法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了四种让人变得魅力四射
的方法。
13. D　空后的The answer is： to a large extent， yes， you can．表明 空后应是对空处的回答，且根据回答内容yes， you can可知，空处应 是一般疑问句，且主语是you。
14. C　空前问到How should we deal with this？，故空处应该是对这个 问题的回答。再结合空后的People perceive a smiling face as more trustworthy， warmer and more sociable．和Smile and others will smile with you．可知，处理这种情况的方法就是微笑，故C项（有一个非常 简单的方法：你的微笑）符合语境。
15. G　根据空后的Consequently ．．． and once again， smile．可 知，我们可以做三件事来表示我们不会构成威胁：快速扬起眉毛、稍 微仰起头、再一次微笑。因此对方是通过这些信息来判断我们是敌是 友。故G项（我们的大脑经常通过审视周围环境来获取是敌是友的信 号）符合语境。G项中的signals与下文中的signal相呼应。
16. B　空前讲，你不应该谈论你自己和你所有的非凡业绩，故空处应 讲述你该怎么做。B项（相反，你需要对他们表现出兴趣）承接上 文，符合语境。
17. A　空前讲如果其他一切都失败了，你就可以借助于最英式的话 题：天气。空处应该讲这样做的好处。A项（这可能是一个很好的谈 话开始）符合语境。A项中的It指代空前的the weather。
①threat n．威胁
②be blessed with 拥有
③common ground 共同点
④appearance （派）=appear＋－ance n．外貌
⑤effortlessly （派）=effort＋－less＋－ly adv．轻松地
⑥trustworthy （合）=trust＋worthy adj．可信的
跟踪检测（二）
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
　　（2026 甘肃平凉模拟）Kazuo Ishiguro’s eighth novel， Klara and the Sun， is filled with Artificial Friends （AFs） or human－like robots．When the novel opens， Klara， one of the AFs in a robot store， believes that her mission is to make her eventual owner happy．So she has to find out everything she can about human beings．
　　However， she often feels confused about human beings．At one point， she and another AF， Rosa， see two taxi drivers getting into a fight．“I tried to imagine me and Rosa getting so angry with each other，” Klara says．“But I couldn’t．”
　　There are other kinds of emotions Klara can’t understand．For example， she once saw two long－lost friends hug on the sidewalk．“They seemed happy，” she notes．“But it’s strange because they also seemed upset．”
　　Little by little， Klara learns that people can feel more than one emotion at a time， even contradictory emotions．They sometimes say one thing but mean another．“Perhaps the most confusing thing was the complex strategies used by humans to escape loneliness，” Klara admits．
　　Klara is eventually bought by Josie， who has had a deadly illness， and her mother （known as “the Mother”） who is dressed in high－ rank office clothes．When Klara comes home with Josie， something odd starts to happen： The Mother keeps testing Klara to see if she can copy Josie’s movements， speech patterns and emotions well enough．
　　Again and again， Klara asks： What does it mean to be human？ What does it mean to have a self？ And how much of that self can and should we give to others？ Here comes the central question of the novel： Can a copy replace the original？
　　In the end， Klara copies Josie so well that she can look， speak， and act like her， but she tells the Mother， “I believe there’s an unreachable part inside Josie， something that’s unique and won’t transfer （转录）．”
　　Far from Klara’s efforts to feel like humans， there’s a sense that many humans in the novel actually envy AFs．“It must be great not to miss things，” says the Mother to Klara．
语篇解读：本文是一篇书评。文章主要围绕Kazuo Ishiguro的第八部 小说《克拉拉与太阳》展开，介绍了小说中的情节、人物以及主 题，如人工朋友（AFs）或类人机器人、克拉拉对人类情感的理解、 她与乔西及其母亲的关系，以及小说探讨的核心问题——复制品能 否取代原版等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇书评。文章主要围绕Kazuo Ishiguro的第八部
小说《克拉拉与太阳》展开，介绍了小说中的情节、人物以及主
题，如人工朋友（AFs）或类人机器人、克拉拉对人类情感的理解、
她与乔西及其母亲的关系，以及小说探讨的核心问题——复制品能
否取代原版等。
1. What does Kazuo Ishiguro most probably imply about Klara？（　　）
A． She does not have true feelings．
B． She can be very helpful in daily lives．
C． She should be greatly improved．
D． She should observe humans more closely．
√
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的However， she often feels confused about human beings．、第三段中的There are other kinds of emotions Klara can’t understand．及第四段中的“Perhaps the most confusing thing ．．．escape loneliness，” Klara admits．可推断， Kazuo Ishiguro暗示机器人Klara不会有真正的情感，所以无法与人类 产生共情。
2. Why did Josie buy Klara？　（　　）
A． The Mother had to find a faithful friend．
B． The Mother needed her to take care of Josie．
C． The Mother hoped to find the best teacher for Josie．
D． The Mother wanted to make a copy of her sick daughter．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第五段及最后一段中的It must be great ．．．says the Mother to Klara．可知，买Klara是那位母亲为了 给身患绝症的女儿留一个数字替身，以寄哀思。
3. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？　（　　）
A． Klara and the Sun Explores the Meaning of Life
B． Klara and the Sun Asks What It Means to Be Humans
C． Klara and the Sun Explains the Complex Human Weakness
D． Klara and the Sun Shows Humans Will Be Replaced by Robots
√
解析： 　标题归纳题。本文的主题是探讨人类情感是否能被复制。 故B项为文章最佳标题。
4. Where is this text most likely from？　（　　）
A． A biography．
B． A science report．
C． A book review．
D． A children’s story．
√
解析： 文章出处题。文章主要围绕Kazuo Ishiguro的第八部小说 《克拉拉与太阳》展开，介绍了小说中的情节、人物以及主题，如人 工朋友（AFs）或类人机器人、克拉拉对人类情感的理解、她与乔西 及其母亲的关系，以及小说探讨的核心问题——复制品能否取代原版 等。这些内容都是书评中常见的元素，旨在对小说进行分析和评价。 由此可推断，本文选自书评。
①emotion n．情感
②unique adj．独特的
③high－rank （合）=high＋rank adj．高级别的
④far from 远非
⑤confusing （派）=confuse＋－ing adj．令人困惑的
⑥contradictory （派）=contradict＋－ory adj．矛盾的
B
　　（2026 四川成都二模）Aging brings two opposing trends in cancer risk： first， the risk climbs in our 60s and 70s， as decades of genetic mutations （基因突变） build up in our bodies．But then， past the age of around 80， the risk drops again — and a new study may explain a key reason．
　　The international team of scientists behind the study analyzed lung cancer in mice， tracking the behavior of AT2 stem cells．These cells are crucial for lung regeneration， and are also where many lung cancers get started．
　　What emerged was higher levels of a protein called NUPR1 in the older mice．This caused cells to act as if they were deficient in iron， which in turn limited their regeneration rates — putting restrictions on both healthy growth and cancerous tumors．“The aging cells actually have more iron， but for reasons we don’t yet fully understand， they function like they don’t have enough，” says cancer biologist Xueqian Zhuang， from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center（MSK） in New York．
　　The same processes were found to be happening in human cells too： more NUPR1 leads to a drop in the amount of iron available to cells．When NUPR1 was artificially lowered or iron was artificially increased， cell growth capabilities were boosted again．
　　That potentially gives researchers a way of exploring treatments that target iron metabolism （代谢） — especially in older people．It could perhaps restore lung capacity in those experiencing long－term effects．These findings also have implications for cancer treatments based on a type of cell death called ferroptosis （铁死亡）， which is triggered by iron．This cell death is less common in older cells， the researchers found， because of their functional iron deficiency．This perhaps also makes them more resistant to cancer treatments based on ferroptosis that are in development — so the earlier a ferroptosis treatment can be tried， the better it’s likely to work．
　　There’s lots more to explore here about the effects of NUPR1 and how it relates to stem cell function， both healthy regeneration and cancerous growth．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于癌症风险与衰 老关系的新研究。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于癌症风险与衰
老关系的新研究。
5. What does the underlined word “deficient” in paragraph 3 mean？　 （　　）
A． Lacking． B． Sufficient．
C． Flawless． D． Cautious．
√
解析： 　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的What emerged ．．．and cancerous tumors．以及第四段中的more NUPR1 leads to a drop in the amount of iron available to cells ．．．boosted again可知，NUPR1水平 升高会导致细胞铁含量下降，使细胞表现得像是缺铁，deficient在此 表示“缺少的”。
6. How did the scientists make the new discovery？　（　　）
A． By observing the performance of older mice．
B． By researching into the lung regeneration．
C． By controlling the amount of NUPR1.
D． By tracking the behavior of AT2 stem cells．
√
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，研究人员是通过追踪AT2 干细胞的行为来开展研究并得出相关发现的。
7. What can we learn from paragraphs 4 and 5？　（　　）
A． It’s better to carry out the ferroptosis－based cancer treatment earlier．
B． What happens in mice cells doesn’t happen in human cells．
C． The amount of iron can be lowered to enhance cell growth ability．
D． Older cells are sensitive to cancer treatments based on ferroptosis．
√
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第五段中的This perhaps also makes them ．．．the better it’s likely to work．可推知，基于铁死亡机制的 治疗在早期尝试效果可能更好。
8. What does the passage mainly talk about？　（　　）
A． The reason for decreased risk of cancer with people aging．
B． The process of aging cells’ renewal in cancer treatments．
C． The role of NUPR1 in reducing aging－related cancer risk．
D． The effect of cells on lung regeneration and cancer risk．
√
解析： 　主旨大意题。文章第一段指出老年人群的癌症风险呈现先 升后降的趋势，接着通过对NUPR1蛋白的分析解释了这一现象的可能 机制，即NUPR1抑制细胞生长，进而限制癌症发展。全文围绕 NUPR1在降低与衰老相关的癌症风险中的作用展开。
①analyze v．分析
②restriction n．限制
③build up 积累；增加
④be crucial for 对……至关重要
⑤regeneration（派）=re－＋generate＋－ion n．再生
⑥deficiency（派）=deficient＋－cy n．缺乏
Ⅱ．完形填空
　　（2026 山东潍坊一模）I was raised to believe that showing my strength was the best way to face life．And the belief 　9　 me．
　　Through my higher education and well into my career as an established professor， I crafted （精心塑造） an image of extreme 　10　， never allowing even the slightest sign of weakness to 　11　．I couldn’t tolerate the thought of colleagues 　12　 my competence or loved ones perceiving me as anything less than 　13　．
　　However， as I approached the midpoint of my career， I hit a 　14　 point．I failed to secure a promotion， suffered a health crisis， and experienced a major shift in my family life．I realized my constant exhaustion， sleepless nights， and inability to concentrate were obvious 　15　 that my tireless pursuit of strength had backfired．I fell apart but 　16　 to find a way out．
　　Cautiously， I 　17　 myself to reveal bits of my struggles to a few close friends， watching closely for reactions．But to my great 　18　， they listened without judgment and respected my boundaries and coping process．They helped me see there was no 　19　 in seeking help， and that even the strongest need support． 　20　， I opened up fully to them and 　21　 myself back together．
　　To anyone 　22　 the weight of constant strength， hear this： True strength isn’t about never showing weakness．It’s about having the 　23　 to acknowledge our limits， reaching out for support， and seek a new path forward．
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从坚持展现坚强到 逐渐认识到寻求帮助的重要性的心路历程。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从坚持展现坚强到
逐渐认识到寻求帮助的重要性的心路历程。
9. A． took root in B． did good to
C． made a change for D． kept an eye on
√
解析： 　take root in扎根；do good to对……有好处；make a change for为……做出改变；keep an eye on留意。根据上一句可知，因为从小 的教导，这种信念在作者心中扎根。
10. A． toughness B． passion
C． devotion D． generosity
√
解析： 　根据下文可知，作者从不显露出软弱的迹象，所以作者塑 造了一个坚韧的形象。
11. A． explode B． sink
C． expand D． surface
√
解析： 　根据上文可知，作者不让软弱的迹象表现出来。
12. A． ruining B． envying
C． questioning D． proving
√
解析： 　根据空前I couldn’t tolerate the thought of colleagues可知，作 者无法容忍同事们质疑他的能力。
13. A． irresponsible B． unshakable
C． patient D． honest
14. A． growing B． starting
C． landing D． breaking
√
解析： 　根据上文可知，作者不希望亲人认为他不坚定，所以此处 选择unshakable最合适。
√
解析： 　根据下文可知，作者经历了人生的转折点。
15. A． puzzles B． indicators
C． risks D． causes
√
解析： 　根据空前obvious可知，这些是明显的迹象。
16. A． continued B． refused
C． resigned D． resolved
√
解析： 　根据转折连词but和下文to find a way out可知，作者决定找 到前进的道路。
17. A． steeled B． valued
C． protected D． behaved
18. A． expectation B． relief
C． pride D． satisfaction
√
解析： 　根据下文的reveal bits of my struggles可知，作者是下定决 心、鼓起勇气去做这件事。
√
解析： 　根据下文可知，朋友们的支持让作者感到欣慰。
19. A． shame B． point
C． trouble D． choice
√
解析： 　根据下文可知，寻求帮助并不可耻。
20. A． Frankly B． Apparently
C． Gradually D． Secretly
√
解析： 　根据上下文可知，作者是逐渐打开心扉的。
21. A． pieced B． called
C． consulted D． packed
22. A． analyzing B． bearing
C． offering D． denying
√
解析： 　piece oneself back together意为“重新振作起来”，是固定 搭配。
√
解析： 　根据空后的the weight of constant strength可知，此处指承受 着“必须坚强”的压力的人。
23. A． privilege B． duty
C． right D． courage
√
解析： 　根据下文可知，这种行为需要勇气。
①competence n．能力
②perceive v．认为
③boundary n．界限
④fall apart 崩溃
⑤reach out for 寻求
⑥exhaustion （派）=exhaust＋－ion n．精疲力尽
Ⅲ．语法填空
　　（2026 福建漳州模拟）Suloszowa， a Polish village of around 6， 000 people located in the Olkuska Upland， has been named “Little Tuscany” because of its unusual layout （布局）．
　　The village of Suloszowa 24. 　　　　　　 （be） around for many years， but it only recently started attracting international attention after bird’s eye photos and videos became popular on social media．Some time ago millions of people around the world 25. 　　　　　　 （attract） by the unusual layout of the rural settlement — hundreds of 26. 　　　　　　 （house） on either side of a single street， 27. 　　　　　　 （snake） through multi－coloured agricultural fields as far as the eye can see．Every one of the 5.819 inhabitants lives on the same street， 28. 　　　　　　 stretches for over 9 kilometres．
　　Aerial （空中的） photos of Suloszowa 29. 　　　　　　 （original） became popular in Poland back in 2021， but this month a drone－shot video of the Polish village seized international attention．People were amazed by the unique look of the village 30. 　　　　　　 （surround） on all sides by patches of agricultural land．
　　The linear， single－street layout of Suloszowa was dubbed （戏 称） “strange” by major international news outlets like Mail Online and The Sun， but to the Poles commenting on national news websites， it’s just 31. 　　　　　　 typical Polish village．Apparently， a single road passing through a village is not unique 32. 　　　　　　 the central European country， but the aerial viewpoint just makes it look more 33. 　　　　　　（impress）．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了波兰一个名为 Suloszowa的村庄因其独特的布局而被称为“小托斯卡纳”，并详细 描述了该村庄的布局特点及其在社交媒体上走红的情况。
24. has been　考查动词时态。根据时间状语for many years以及语境可 知，句子描述的是从过去持续到现在的动作，所以用现在完成时，主 语The village of Suloszowa是单数，所以助动词用has。故填has been。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了波兰一个名为
Suloszowa的村庄因其独特的布局而被称为“小托斯卡纳”，并详细
描述了该村庄的布局特点及其在社交媒体上走红的情况。
25. were attracted　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子谓语，根 据Some time ago可知，句子描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去 时，主语millions of people和动词attract之间是被动关系，所以用一般 过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，所以be动词用were。故填were attracted。
26. houses　考查名词复数。house是可数名词，hundreds of后接可数 名词复数。故填houses。
27. snaking　考查非谓语动词。此处为定语，snake和a single street之 间为主动关系，所以用动词－ing形式作定语。故填snaking。
28. which　考查定语从句。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句， 修饰先行词the same street，先行词指物，引导词在从句中作主语，所 以使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。
29. originally　考查副词。此处应为副词作状语，original的副词为 originally，意为“最初”。故填originally。
30. surrounded　考查非谓语动词。此处为定语，surround和被修饰名 词the village之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填 surrounded。
31. a　考查冠词。village为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且typical的发 音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
32. to　考查介词。be unique to表示“对……来说是独特的”，为固定 搭配。故填to。
33. impressive　考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语，impress的形容词 为impressive，意为“令人印象深刻的”。故填impressive。
译文：不久前，世界上数百万人被这个乡村聚落不同寻常的布局所吸 引——数百座房屋分布在一条街道的两侧，蜿蜒穿过色彩斑斓的农 田，一眼望不到边。

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