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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级英语下册沪教版（2024）单元素养评价培优卷
Unit 8 Imagine that!
温馨提示：
1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。满分120分。考试用时90分钟。考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
2.答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座号填写在试题卷和答题卡规定的位置上。
3.第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案不能答在试题卷上。
4.第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试题卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共65分）
一、选择填空（共10小题，计10分）
从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1．— Tony thinks he can go swimming alone.
—________. It’s not safe enough.
A．I agree B．I don’t agree C．I’ve no idea D．I’d love to
2．—We’d better leave an hour earlier tomorrow morning, because the traffic will be really bad during rush hour.
—________. Let’s set the alarm (闹钟) for 6:30 then.
A．That’s impossible B．It’s up to you C．I don’t care D．I see your point
3．—What did he say in his letter Is everything OK with his father
—No idea. He didn’t _________ his parents in the letter.
A．admire B．notice C．mention D．miss
4．________ pressure from study, many students feel very tired and worried.
A．In order to B．Because of C．According to D．Thanks to
5．—What’s the matter with you, Mike
—I have a ________. I couldn’t stop coughing last night.
A．fever B．toothache C．cough D．headache
6．The sports meeting was put off ________ the heavy rain.
A．because B．as C．because of D．since
7．She ________ to go to the party because she had too much homework.
A．refused B．disappoint C．whether D．backward
8．The ________ in the forest documentary looked strange and amazing.
A．creature B．whether C．emergency D．cough
9．She is the best choice for this job, ________ she has a lot of experience.
A．however B．since C．while D．so
10．—Many teenagers feel worried about trying new challenges in school activities.
—Don’t let ________ hold you back. Even small steps count in personal growth.
A．fear B．pride C．kindness D．fairness
二、完形填空（共10小题，计10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Time Machine is a famous science fiction novel by H.G. Wells. It tells the story of a man called the Time Traveller who invents a machine that can travel through time.
In the story, the Time Traveller meets a group of friends after dinner. He tells them about his invention, but many of them are 11 . The Medical Man argues that time travel is impossible, saying we can’t 12 in time like we move in space. The Psychologist agrees with him, saying that our thoughts can “move” in time, but our bodies can’t.
Filby, one of the friends, says the idea is 13 and against reason. He thinks it’s 14 to speed up or slow down time. The Time Traveller tries to explain, but most friends feel 15 with his crazy idea. Only the Very Young Man seems excited about the idea of time travel.
Later, the Time Traveller uses his machine to travel into the future. He sees a world where humans have changed into two different species. His journey shows how the future could look based on the 16 of the present.
This novel has 17 many science fiction stories since it was written. It makes readers 18 deeply about time, the future, and what it means to be human. It opens people’s 19 and encourages them to 20 the unknown world bravely.
11．A．excited B．doubtful C．happy D．interested
12．A．move about B．look for C．give up D．take care of
13．A．nonsense B．interesting C．useful D．important
14．A．speed up B．slow down C．stop D．impossible
15．A．disappointed B．pleased C．lovely D．tired
16．A．details B．imagination C．mistakes D．problems
17．A．inspired B．stopped C．destroyed D．forgotten
18．A．forget B．think C．agree D．disagree
19．A．minds B．eyes C．hearts D．hands
20．A．explore B．change C．forget D．refuse
三、阅读理解（共20小题，计40分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能正确回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
A
If you feel stressed at school, what can you do to make yourself happier Some may eat their favourite food or listen to some music. Others may go for a walk or get some exercise. A new study found another great way to lower students’ stress by playing with dogs.
Scientists studied 105 students between the ages of eight and nine. 35 trained dogs and their trainers also took part in the test. The children were divided into 3 groups. The students in the first group spent 20 minutes with a dog and its trainer. They watched the trained dogs perform and even played with them. They did this twice a week for 4 weeks. The second group spent the same amount of time doing exercise to relax. The last group did neither of these things.
During this time, the scientists recorded the students’ cortisol (皮质醇) levels. Cortisol is a stress hormone (激素). The more stressed you feel, the more cortisol you will have in your body. What did the scientists find Both the second and third groups showed rises in cortisol levels. The first group, however, showed no big increase. And the children in this group had the lowest cortisol levels right after playing with the dogs.
According to the study, students enjoy playing with dogs, and it helps them become happier. The stress hormone falls over time this way, which is good for students’ health. But here comes the next question: Is 20 minutes of playtime with a dog the best amount of time Scientists are going to keep working to find out the answer.
21．How does the first paragraph run
①asking a question ②showing the result of a study ③giving some examples
A．②①③ B．②③① C．①③② D．①②③
22．Which one shows the relationship between students’ stress (x) and cortisol levels (y)
A．B． C． D．
23．What does the underlined word “increase” in the passage mean
A．standard B．pressure C．reduction D．development
24．What can we know from the passage
A．There are no other better ways to relax than dogs.
B．Each student in the first group has one dog for fun.
C．Cortisol levels are not good for students’ health.
D．The activities made the testing results different.
25．What is the main idea of the passage
A．A new survey on three groups of students.
B．One more suitable way to lower stress.
C．The amount of time to play with a dog.
D．New skills of keeping pets at home.
B
Numbers are everywhere in our world. They do much more than just count things. They help us understand life and solve difficult problems.
Science & Health
Numbers keep us safe and healthy. Builders use special numbers like 3.14 (π) to make strong bridges that won’t fall down. Doctors use numbers like 37℃ (normal body temperature) and 60-100 beats per minute (normal heartbeat) to check health.
▲
Numbers tell us about people. Did you know that Asia has around 4.8 billion people That’s more than half of all people on Earth! Leaders use these numbers to decide how many schools to build. In bad times, numbers help decide how much food or medicine is needed. Stores even use numbers to know which products sell well.
Everyday Uses
We see numbers every day. When baking a cake, you need twice as much flour as sugar. At stores, a 20% discount means you can pay less money. On the road, signs like “60 km/h” tell drivers the maximum speed. Dates also use numbers, like “June 26th”.
There are also some fun facts about numbers. People think differently about some numbers. In China, people believe that the number 8 means good fortune. Meanwhile, in some Western countries, people think 13 is unlucky.
Numbers help us describe everything—from small things to huge stars. They are the world’s special language.
26．Which of the following is best for “ ▲ ”
A．Numbers in Art B．Numbers for Fun
C．Numbers and Cultures D．Numbers for Decisions
27．Why do stores use numbers according to the passage
A．To find out popular products easily. B．To count how many products they have.
C．To check if people pay the right money. D．To make the prices of their products higher.
28．Why do people like the number “8” in China
A．It is easy to write. B．It can bring good luck.
C．It can help people make money. D．It can help people remember dates.
29．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Numbers play important roles in different parts of life.
B．Numbers help doctors and builders do their jobs well.
C．Numbers have different meanings in different cultures.
D．People use numbers to solve difficult scientific problems.
30．Where is this passage probably from
A．A sports news report. B．A guidebook for traveling.
C．A magazine about daily science. D．An interesting storybook for kids.
C
Have you ever heard of underwater archaeologists These scientists explore ancient places and artefacts (文物) hidden under the sea.
Throughout history, lots of artefacts have been lost underwater. Because of the limits of the human body and technology, the ocean floor remains largely unexplored. That’s why we need underwater archaeologists.
On Pingtan Island in Fujian province, there’s a training centre for future underwater archaeologists. Students from all over China come here to learn how to protect and study artefacts which are discovered underwater. The training is tough. It requires years of hard work and practice. Right now, there are fewer than 200 underwater archaeologists in China.
Underwater work, like many outdoor activities, depends greatly on the weather. The best time for underwater work is from May to November, because sea conditions are good during that period. However, this is also the typhoon (台风) season. Underwater archaeologists need to be patient and wait for the right moments.
In 1987, a sunken ship named Nanhai One was discovered in the South China Sea. At that time, Chinese archaeologists were not fully prepared for the excavation (发掘). Later, Cui Yong, an underwater archaeologist, played a key role in the project. The ship, carrying over 180,000 artefacts, went down about 800 years ago while travelling from Quanzhou in China to the Indian Ocean. This makes it a key piece of evidence (证据) for studying the Maritime Silk Road (海上丝绸之路) and research on it has continued ever since.
Now, underwater archaeology has developed greatly in China. Thanks to archaeologists like Cui, forgotten stories can now be brought to light again.
31．What is the main task of underwater archaeologists
A．To study ancient sea animals.
B．To build new ships for sea travel.
C．To teach people to stay underwater.
D．To explore hidden underwater artefacts.
32．What does the underlined word “tough” most probably mean in English
A．Interesting. B．Challenging. C．Encouraging. D．Impossible.
33．Which of the following greatly influences underwater work
A．The number of archaeologists.
B．The experience of the workers.
C．The weather and sea conditions.
D．The plants and animals in the sea.
34．Why is Nanhai One an important discovery
A．It was the largest ship ever built 800 years ago.
B．It carried treasures from many different countries.
C．It was the first ship discovered in the South China Sea.
D．It offers key information for studying the Maritime Silk Road.
35．Which is the best title for the passage
A．Underwater archaeology in China
B．Training of underwater archaeologists
C．The life of an underwater archaeologist
D．The surprising discovery of Nanhai One
D
①Humans have tried to predict the weather for a long time. From the hunters of ancient times to today’s people, knowing if it will rain or be sunny can have an effect on people’s lives.
②In 650 BC, the Babylonians tried to predict the weather by looking at clouds. Around 340 BC, Aristotle, a famous Greek thinker and scientist, wrote a book about weather. It described different types of weather, such as rain, cloud and lightning. Aristotle believed that there was water, air and fire around the Earth. It was almost 2,000 years before people stopped using his ideas.
③By 300 BC in China, a calendar divided the year into 24 solar terms (节气). Each term was about a kind of weather, like Rain Water (the start of spring rains), the Waking of Insects (spring thunder awakens sleeping insects) and so on. This helped farmers know when to plant and harvest.
④People used many ways to predict the weather over the centuries. You might have heard sayings like “Clouds high, weather dry.” This means good weather comes after high clouds in the sky. On the other hand, some thought that if sheep crowded together, it meant rain. But there isn’t any science behind it.
⑤The science of weather prediction really took off in the 1830s with the invention of the telegraph (电报机). It sent messages over hundreds of thousands of miles, so people could draw weather maps and study storm systems.
⑥The next big step came in the 1920s with the invention of the “radiosonde” (无线电探空仪). It was a balloon carrying tools high above the ground to collect information. Not all information was useful. People only chose some of it to predict the weather.
⑦Today, people use supercomputers to take data (数据) from the world and predict the weather very quickly. For example, they once helped predict Hurricane Lee would hit the US and Canada nine days earlier.
36．How did the Babylonians try to predict the weather in 650 BC
A．By looking at the sun. B．By looking at the stars.
C．By looking at the clouds. D．By looking at the smoke.
37．The ancient Chinese divided the year into 24 solar terms to ________.
A．celebrate the change of seasons B．copy the ideas of a Greek thinker
C．make the calendar look more beautiful D．help farmers decide planting and harvesting time
38．The underlined phrase “took off” in Paragraph 5 means ________ .
A．left quickly B．developed fast C．flew high D．arrived suddenly
39．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 6
A．The big step. B．The balloon. C．The “radiosonde”. D．The information.
40．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Ancient Ways to Predict Weather B．Modern Ways to Use Supercomputers
C．Human’s Efforts to Predict Weather D．Scientists’ Efforts to Change Weather
四、短文还原（共5小题，计5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people love to listen to music while driving. Thanks to the musical roads around the world, drivers now don’t need to turn the radio on. 41
A musical road can create music when a car’s tires go over grooves (凹槽) on the road. To produce beautiful music, drivers must pass over the grooves at a certain speed. Signs often tell drivers the right speed.
42 Since the mid-1990s, musical roads have appeared in many different countries. 43 To remind drivers of the incoming music, people mark all the roads with colored musical notes. Drivers can decide whether to go over the grooves or not because they are set on the side of the road.
In Hungary, there is a musical road in honor of one of the country’s most popular musical performers—Laszlo Bodi. Bodi was the lead singer for the band. 44 Sadly, Bodi passed away in 2013. But people still remember him as there’s a road where drivers can hear 30 seconds of the song “Road 67”.
Musical roads also help ensure the safety of drivers. In Indonesia, a road plays the first six notes of “Happy Birthday”. The fifth note is a little out of tune, though. This “mistake” keeps drivers awake, and it has reduced the number of traffic accidents. 45
A．Such is the role of music and musical roads.
B．However, they can enjoy music while taking road trips.
C．Musical roads can help improve driving skills greatly.
D．The first musical road appeared in Gylling, Denmark, in 1995.
E．We are able to enjoy music by turning on the radio on the road.
F．For example, there are many musical roads in China.
G．Formed in 1990, the group is still active today.
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题；共55分）
五、词汇应用（共10 小题，计10分）
阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Do you know the largest nature park in China It is Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (青藏高原) .“Sanjiangyuan” 46 (mean) the source of China’s three great rivers the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River. The Yangtze River is the 47 (long) of the three.
Sanjiangyuan is famous as the Water Tower of China or even Asia. There 48 (be) lots of rivers, lakes, and wetlands. People living around all depend on rich natural resources (资源) of it. It is important 49 our life. However, due to the global warming, the place was once in great 50 (dangerous). Life there was also much 51 (hard) for both animals and humans than that in other places. To stop things from 52 (get) worse, our government has taken many ways, for example, building Sanjiangyuan National Park. Many people joined the environmental protection club. It advised the members to start a WeChat group and invite other people to join in. This was 53 great idea. It allowed more and more people to meet each other online 54 talk about how to protect the environment.
Now, people there are living in peace with nature. Our country is trying its best to make Sanjiangyuan National Park one of the most famous 55 (park) all over the world. I believe in the future the park will be a window to show Chinese natural beauty to the outside.
六、选词填空（共10小题，计10分）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
avoid allow clear part sore you stomach tired through if
Many people have a habit of napping (小睡) on their desks during lunch breaks. However, when they wake up, they often feel uncomfortable and even more 56 than before. Why
Studies show that taking such naps puts pressure on many 57 of the body. First, sleeping face down on the desk can cause pressure on 58 eyes. This might make you fail to see 59 in a short time. Next, pressing near your ears can make your mouth make too much saliva (唾液). If you breathe 60 your mouth while sleeping, you will probably drool (流口水). What’s more, this way of sleeping can make it hard for your 61 to work well. You may take in too much air, and then begin to burp (打嗝). Also, resting your head on your arms for too long can press on your blood vessels (血管). That makes your arms feel 62 when you wake up.
So, what is the best way to nap Experts suggest it’s better to lie down 63 you can. Students can use their beds, and office workers might use a folding bed if the company 64 it. Try napping for just 20 to 30 minutes, and 65 sleeping right after lunch. When you wake up, move around a little before getting back to work.
七、阅读表达（共5小题，计10分）
回答问题。请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整切题。
Dear Susan from 2025,
I’m in 2075 now. Great changes have taken place in China. When I was young. I got a serious illness. Since then, I have dreamed of becoming a doctor. Now my dream has come true. I work in a modern hospital every day to save people’s lives. There are more advanced (先进的) medical services than before. Doctors can do operations even when they’re far away from the patients. This is because the Internet is faster now and the machines are smart enough.
China now is one of the most developed countries in the world. Every car on the streets is a self-driving car. It uses electricity and won’t pollute the air. Robots are also widely used in every home. They can do all of the housework. When you return home, your house is clean and tidy. We’re living a comfortable life.
Travelling to the moon has become popular. I know it’s hard for you to imagine, but it’s true. People between the ages of 18 and 60 are able to travel to the moon. I just bought a ticket and I’m going to travel to the moon soon. How excited I feel!
In 2075, everything is fantastic. But this is because people back in 2025 were working hard. Dear Susan, work hard and create your own bright future!
Yours,
Susan from 2075
66．Where does Susan from 2075 work every day
67．Why can doctors do operations when they’re far away from the patients in 2075
68．What can robots do in every home in 2075
69．Who is able to travel to the moon
70．How does Susan feel about traveling to the moon
八、书面表达（共1题，计25分）
71．假设你是李华，上周末，你和几个朋友一起去爬山。在爬山的过程中，你们经历了奇妙的事情。请结合下面的提示写一篇英语短文介绍此次经历。
内容包括：（1）到达山顶时，看见一艘外星人的宇宙飞船；
（2）晚上准备在帐篷里睡觉时，看到外星人就站在附近；
（3）外星人又高又壮，牙齿像刀子一样锋利；
（4）你们向外星人挥手，但他们没有回应，随即飞走了。
注意事项：1. 文章须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥拓展；
2. 词数不少于80词，已给出内容，不计入总词数。
Last weekend, I went climbing with some of my friends.
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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．B
【解析】句意：—托尼认为他可以独自去游泳。—我不同意。这不够安全。
I agree我同意；I don’t agree我不同意；I’ve no idea我不知道；I’d love to 我很乐意。根据后句“It’s not safe enough.”可知，说话者不认同Tony独自去游泳的想法。
2．D
【解析】句意：——我们明天早上最好提前一小时出发，因为高峰期的交通会非常拥堵。——我明白你的意思。那我们把闹钟定在6:30吧。
That’s impossible那不可能；It’s up to you由你决定；I don’t care我不在乎；I see your point我明白你的意思。答句“Let’s set the alarm for 6:30 then.”表示同意对方的提议，I see your point表示理解并认同对方的说法，符合语境。
3．C
【解析】句意：——他在信里说了什么？他父亲一切都好吗？——不知道。他在信里没有提及他的父母。
admire崇拜，羡慕；notice注意；mention提及；miss错过，想念。根据答语“No idea”可知，说话人不知道对方父亲的情况，是因为信中未“提及”父母，mention符合语境。
4．B
【解析】句意：由于学习压力，许多学生感到非常疲惫和焦虑。
In order to为了（后接动词原形，表目的）；Because of因为（后接名词或名词短语，表原因）；According to根据；Thanks to多亏了（表积极原因）。根据题干“pressure from study”是名词短语，且后句“feel very tired and worried”是结果，表示原因应用Because of，用于积极、消极等各类原因，应填Because of。
5．C
【解析】句意：——迈克，你怎么了？——我咳嗽。昨晚我咳个不停。
fever发烧；toothache牙痛；cough咳嗽；headache头痛。根据“I couldn’t stop coughing”可知，昨晚咳个不停，推测出是咳嗽，cough符合语境。
6．C
【解析】句意：由于大雨，运动会被推迟了。
because因为，后接从句；as由于，后接从句；because of因为，后接名词/代词/动名词；since既然，后接从句。此处“the heavy rain”是名词短语，应用because of。
7．A
【解析】句意：她拒绝去参加聚会，因为她有太多作业。
refused拒绝；disappoint使失望；whether是否；backward向后的。根据“because she had too much homework”可知作业太多是无法参加的理由，refuse to do sth.意为拒绝做某事，符合语境且had表明句子为过去时，应用refused。
8．A
【解析】句意：森林纪录片里的生物看起来奇怪且令人惊叹。
creature生物；whether是否；emergency紧急情况；cough咳嗽。根据“in the forest documentary”和“looked strange and amazing”可知，森林纪录片中看起来奇怪且令人惊叹的应该是“生物”，应填creature。
9．B
【解析】句意：她是这份工作的最佳人选，因为她有很多经验。
however然而；since因为；while当……时/然而；so所以。根据句意可知，后半句“她有很多经验”是前半句“她是最佳人选”的原因，since引导原因状语从句，符合逻辑。
10．A
【解析】句意：——许多青少年对学校活动中尝试新挑战感到担忧。——不要让恐惧阻碍你。即使是小步骤对个人成长也很重要。
fear恐惧；pride骄傲；kindness善良；fairness公平。根据“Many teenagers feel worried about trying new challenges”可知青少年感到担忧，因此建议不要让“恐惧”阻碍自己，符合语境。
11．B 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．A 16．D 17．A 18．B 19．A 20．A
【导语】本文介绍了科幻小说《时间机器》的故事梗概，讲述了时间旅行者的发明及朋友们的反应，并阐述了该小说的深远影响。
【解析】11．句意：他告诉他们他的发明，但许多人持怀疑态度。
but表示转折，且后文提到朋友争论时间旅行不可能，可知他们不相信。excited“激动的”、happy“快乐的”和interested“感兴趣的”均为正面情绪，逻辑不符。
12．句意：我们不能像在空间中那样在时间里移动。
前半句说在空间中移动，此处为对应关系，指在时间中移动。look for“寻找”、give up“放弃”和take care of“照顾”语义不通。
13．句意：Filby，他的朋友之一，说这个想法是胡扯且违反常理。
根据后文“against reason”可知该想法是荒谬的。interesting“有趣的”、useful“有用的”和important“重要的”均为正面评价，与语境矛盾。
14．句意：他认为加速或减慢时间是不可能的。
根据固定句型“it’s+adj.+to do sth.”，此处需填形容词，只有impossible“不可能的”符合语法。且语境表示朋友反对该想法，认为让时间加速或减速是不可能的，符合语境。
15．句意：但大多数朋友对他疯狂的想法感到失望。
根据“crazy idea”及朋友反对的态度，可知他们对此感到不满或失望。feel disappointed with…表示“对……感到失望/不满”，符合语境。pleased“满意的”为正面情绪，lovely“可爱的”和tired“疲惫的”不符合争论的语境。
16．句意：他的旅程展示了基于当下的问题未来可能会是怎样的。
科幻小说常通过未来警示现在的社会问题，problems“问题”符合语境。details“细节”、imagination“想象”和mistakes“错误”无法体现这种因果警示关系。
17．句意：这部小说自写成以来启发了许多科幻故事。
根据“famous science fiction novel”及常识，经典作品会启发后世，inspired“赋予灵感”符合语境。stopped“停止”、destroyed“摧毁”和forgotten“忘记”均为负面或无关动作。
18．句意：它让读者深入思考时间、未来等。
根据“deeply about”搭配，think deeply about意为“深入思考”。forget“忘记”、agree“同意”和disagree“不同意”不符合阅读小说的收获这一语境。
19．句意：它开阔了人们的思维。
固定搭配“open people’s minds”意为“开阔思维/眼界”。eyes“眼睛”、hearts“心”和hands“手”虽可搭配open，但此处指思想层面，minds最准确。
20．句意：鼓励他们勇敢探索未知世界。
根据“unknown world”和“bravely”，可知是去探索。change“改变”、forget“忘记”和refuse“拒绝”不符合面对未知世界的积极态度。
21．C 22．A 23．D 24．D 25．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍一项关于缓解学生压力的科学研究。
【解析】21．根据第1段中的第1句“If you feel stressed at school, what can you do to make yourself happier ”可知，是提出一个问题；第2、3句“Some may eat their favourite food or listen to some music. Others may go for a walk or get some exercise.”是给出一些例子；第4句“A new study found another great way to lower students’ stress by playing with dogs.”是在展示研究结果，因此对应的顺序为“①③②”。
22．根据第3段中的“The more stressed you feel, the more cortisol you will have in your body.”可知，你感到的压力越大，你体内的皮质醇就越多，即压力“x轴”和皮质醇“y轴”呈正相关。
23．根据第3段中的“Both the second and third groups showed rises in cortisol levels. The first group, however, showed no big increase.”可知，第二组和第三组的皮质醇水平都有所上升。然而，第一组没有出现大幅增长，也就是说没有大幅度发展，“increase”的意思是“增长”，与development“发展；壮大”意思相近。
24．根据第2段中的“The children were divided into 3 groups…The last group did neither of these things.”和第3段中的“What did the scientists find Both the second and third groups showed rises in cortisol levels. The first group, however, showed no big increase.”可知，三组做的活动不同，皮质醇结果不同，说明活动影响结果。
25．文章核心是介绍和狗玩耍这一缓解学生压力的更合适的方式，对应选项B“One more suitable way to lower stress.”。
26．D 27．A 28．B 29．A 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于数字无处不在，它们的作用远不止计数，还能帮助我们理解生活、解决难题。
【解析】26．根据该段后文“Leaders use these numbers to decide how many schools to build…”可知，主要讲述了人们利用人口数据决定建学校数量、判断物资需求、分析商品销量，核心是数字在“决策”中的作用，因此Numbers for Decisions最符合段意。
27．根据文中第二个小标题下“Stores even use numbers to know which products sell well.”可知，商店使用数字是为了知道哪些产品卖得好，即找出受欢迎的产品。
28．根据文章倒数第二段“In China, people believe that the number 8 means good fortune.”可知，在中国人们认为“8”意味着好运，说明它能带来好运。
29．文章首段提到“Numbers are everywhere…They help us understand life.”，随后分段介绍了数字在科学和健康、决策、日常生活及文化中的重要作用，概括了数字在生活各方面扮演重要角色。
30．文章介绍了数字在科学、健康、日常生活中的科普知识，不属于体育新闻、旅游指南或故事书，最可能出自关于日常科学的杂志。
31．D 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了水下考古学家的工作性质，中国水下考古人才培养的现状、水下考古工作的影响因素，并以南海一号沉船发掘为例，介绍了中国水下考古的发展成果。
31．原文第1段“These scientists explore ancient places and artefacts (文物) hidden under the sea.”，明确说明水下考古学家的核心工作是探索海底隐藏的古代遗迹与文物。
32．原文第3段“The training is tough. It requires years of hard work and practice. Right now, there are fewer than 200 underwater archaeologists in China.”，后文提到训练需要多年努力练习，且中国目前水下考古学家人数很少，说明训练难度很高，“challenging”符合划线词“tough”的词义。
33．原文第4段“Underwater work...depends greatly on the weather...The best time for underwater work is from May to November, because sea conditions are good during that period.”，明确说明水下工作极大依赖天气，同时指出海况是否良好决定了能否开展工作，因此天气和海况对水下工作影响最大。
34．原文第5段“This makes it a key piece of evidence (证据) for studying the Maritime Silk Road (海上丝绸之路) and research on it has continued ever since.”，直接说明南海一号是研究海上丝绸之路的关键证据，能够为相关研究提供关键信息，对应D选项的描述。
35．文章先后介绍水下考古工作内容、中国的水下考古培训、中国南海一号考古项目、中国水下考古的整体发展。B选项“水下考古学家的培训”、D选项“南海一号的发现”都只是文章部分内容，C选项“一名水下考古学家的生活”文中并未提及，A选项“中国的水下考古学”概括了全文核心主题，适合做标题。
36．C 37．D 38．B 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了人类从古至今预测天气的发展历程，从古代巴比伦人看云、亚里士多德的理论、中国的二十四节气，到近代的电报、无线电探空仪，再到现代的超级计算机，展现了人类在天气预测方面不断探索和进步的过程。
36．根据文章第②段内容“In 650 BC, the Babylonians tried to predict the weather by looking at clouds.”可知，公元前650年巴比伦人通过观察云彩来预测天气。
37．根据文章第③段内容“This helped farmers know when to plant and harvest.”可知，中国古代将一年分为24个节气是为了帮助农民决定播种和收获的时间，选项D符合题意。
38．根据文章第⑤段内容“The science of weather prediction really took off in the 1830s with the invention of the telegraph. It sent messages over hundreds of thousands of miles, so people could draw weather maps and study storm systems.”（天气预报科学真正兴起于19世纪30年代，得益于电报的发明。电报能传递跨越数几十万公里的信息，使人们得以绘制天气图并研究风暴系统。）可知，随着电报的发明，天气预测科学迅速发展起来，因此took off意为“快速发展”。
39．根据文章第⑥段内容“Not all information was useful. People only chose some of it to predict the weather.”可知，it指代的是前文提到的“information（信息）”。
40．根据全文内容可知，文章从古代到现代全面讲述了人类预测天气的各种努力和发展过程，最合适的标题是选项C“人类预测天气的努力”。
41．B 42．D 43．F 44．G 45．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了音乐公路的工作原理、发展历程、分布情况，以及其纪念人物、保障驾驶安全等作用。
41．文章第一段提到“Thanks to the musical roads around the world, drivers now don’t need to turn the radio on.”，说明司机不用开收音机也能听音乐，选项B“However, they can enjoy music while taking road trips.”承接上文，点明司机可以在公路旅行中享受音乐，衔接自然。
42．文章第三段提到“Since the mid-1990s, musical roads have appeared in many different countries.”，选项D“The first musical road appeared in Gylling, Denmark, in 1995.”介绍了第一条音乐公路出现的时间地点，与下文“自20世纪90年代中期起，音乐公路出现在多国”的时间线衔接。
43．文章第三段提到“Since the mid-1990s, musical roads have appeared in many different countries.”，选项F“For example, there are many musical roads in China.”是对“出现在多国”的举例说明，逻辑通顺。
44．文章第四段提到“Bodi was the lead singer for the band.”，选项G“Formed in 1990, the group is still active today.”中的“the group”指代前文的乐队，衔接了关于乐队的介绍。
45．原文最后一段介绍了音乐公路保障驾驶安全的作用，选项A“Such is the role of music and musical roads.”总结了音乐及音乐公路的作用，收束全文。
46．means 47．longest 48．are 49．to 50．danger 51．harder 52．getting 53．a 54．and 55．parks
【导语】本文介绍了中国三江源国家公园，讲述了其地理意义、生态重要性、曾经面临的危机，以及政府和民众为保护环境所采取的措施与未来展望。
46．句意：“三江源”意为中国三大河流——长江、黄河和澜沧江的源头。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“Sanjiangyuan”是单数，mean的第三人称单数形式是means。
47．句意：长江是三条中最长的。“of the three”提示用最高级，long的最高级是longest。
48．句意：这里有许多河流、湖泊和湿地。“there be”句型遵循就近原则，靠近be动词的lots of rivers是复数，句子为一般现在时。
49．句意：它对我们的生活至关重要。“It is important to sb./sth.”是固定结构，表示“对……重要”，故填to。
50．句意：然而，由于全球变暖，这个地方曾处于极大的危险之中。“in great danger”是固定搭配，表示“处于极大危险中”，dangerous的名词形式是danger。
51．句意：那里的生活对动物和人类来说，也比其他地方艰难得多。“than”是比较级的标志，hard的比较级是harder。
52．句意：为了阻止情况变得更糟。“stop…from doing sth.”是固定搭配，表示“阻止……做某事”，get的动名词形式是getting。
53．句意：这是一个好主意。“great idea”是单数可数名词，以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。
54．句意：它让越来越多的人在网上见面，并讨论如何保护环境。“meet each other online”和“talk about…”是并列动作，用连词and连接。
55．句意：我国正尽力使三江源国家公园成为世界上最著名的公园之一。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，park的复数形式是parks。
56．tired 57．parts 58．your 59．clearly 60．through 61．stomach 62．sore 63．if 64．allows 65．avoid
【导语】本文介绍了趴在桌上午睡的坏处以及正确的午睡方式。
【解析】56．句意：然而，当他们醒来时，他们常常感到不舒服，甚至比以前更累。“even more ____ than before”表示“比以前更累”，than是比较级的标志，需选tired“疲倦的”，为形容词，构成比较级more tired。
57．句意：研究表明，这种午睡会对身体的许多部位造成压力。“many ____ of the body”表示“身体的许多部位”，需用名词复数形式。需选part“部位”，其复数形式为parts。
58．句意：首先，脸朝下趴在桌上睡觉会对你的眼睛造成压力。“pressure on ____ eyes”表示“对你的眼睛造成压力”，需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词eyes。需选you“你”，其形容词性物主代词为your，意为“你的”。
59．句意：这可能会让你短时间内看不清楚。“fail to see ____”表示“看不清”，需用副词修饰动词see。需选clear“清楚的”，其副词形式为clearly，意为“清楚地”。
60．句意：如果你睡觉时用嘴呼吸，你很可能会流口水。“breathe ____ your mouth”表示“用嘴呼吸”，需用介词表示“通过”。需选through“通过”，为介词。
61．句意：这种睡觉方式会使你的胃难以正常工作。“make it hard for your ____ to work well”表示“使你的胃难以正常工作”，需选stomach“胃”，为名词。
62．句意：这会让你的手臂醒来时感到疼痛。“feel ____”表示“感到疼痛”，feel为系动词，后需用形容词作表语。需选sore“疼痛的”，为形容词。
63．句意：专家建议，如果可以的话，最好躺下睡觉。“it’s better to lie down ____ you can”表示“如果可以的话，最好躺下睡觉”，需选if“如果”，构成省略句式if you can，意为 “如果可以的话”，作句中补充状语，贴合日常建议类表达。
64．句意：如果公司允许，上班族可以使用折叠床。“if the company ____ it”表示“如果公司允许”，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语company为单数。需选allow“允许”，其第三人称单数形式为allows。
65．句意：尽量午睡20到30分钟，避免午饭后立即睡觉。“____ sleeping right after lunch”表示“避免午饭后立即睡觉”，需选avoid“避免”，为动词原形，与try并列，avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”。
66．She works in a modern hospital every day. 67．Doctors can do operations when they’re far away from the patients because the Internet is faster now and the machines are smart enough. 68．They can do all of the housework. 69．People between the ages of 18 and 60 are able to travel to the moon. 70．She feels excited.
【导语】本文是一封书信。2075年的苏珊写给2025年的自己一封信，介绍了2075年中国发生的巨大变化，包括医疗、交通、家居、太空旅行等方面，同时鼓励2025年的自己努力奋斗，创造美好未来。
【解析】66．根据文章第一段内容“I work in a modern hospital every day to save people’s lives.”可知，2075年的苏珊每天在一家现代化医院工作。可直接得出答案。
67．根据第一段内容“This is because the Internet is faster now and the machines are smart enough.”可知，医生可以在远离病人的情况下做手术，是因为现在互联网更快，而且机器足够智能。可直接提取原因。
68．根据第二段内容“Robots are also widely used in every home. They can do all of the housework.”可知，机器人在每个家庭里可以做所有的家务。可直接得出答案。
69．根据第三段内容“People between the ages of 18 and 60 are able to travel to the moon.”可知，年龄在18岁到60岁之间的人可以去月球旅行。可直接提取信息。
70． 根据第三段内容“I just bought a ticket and I’m going to travel to the moon soon. How excited I feel!”可知，苏珊对于要去月球旅行感到很兴奋。可直接得出答案。
71．范文一
Last weekend, I went climbing with some of my friends. When we reached the mountaintop, a strong wind suddenly blew. To our surprise, a silver alien spaceship slowly descended from the sky. We were shocked and excited, but at that moment, we didn’t see any aliens.
That evening, just as we were getting ready to sleep in our tent, we suddenly noticed several aliens standing nearby. They were tall and strong, with teeth as sharp as knives. When they saw us, they seemed frightened.
We waved to greet them, but they did not respond. Shortly after, they turned and went back into their spaceship, which then quickly disappeared into the night sky.
范文二
Last weekend, I went climbing with some of my friends. When we reached the mountaintop, a strong wind suddenly blew. To our surprise, a silver alien spaceship slowly descended from the sky. We were shocked and excited, but at that moment, we didn’t see any aliens.
That evening, just as we were getting ready to sleep in our tent, we suddenly noticed several aliens standing nearby. They were tall and strong, with teeth as sharp as knives. When they saw us, they seemed frightened.
We waved to greet them, but they did not respond. Shortly after, they turned and went back into their spaceship, which then quickly disappeared into the night sky.
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：记叙文，用一般过去时为主
明确要点：到达山顶看见外星人飞船、晚上在帐篷附近看到外星人、外星人外貌特征、向外星人挥手及他们的反应
确定人称：第一人称（I/we/my/our）
注意事项：文章须包含所有提示信息，词数不少于80词，已给出内容不计入总词数
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：引出事件，说明上周末和朋友去爬山
主体段：按照事件发展顺序，依次描述到达山顶看到飞船、晚上看到外星人、外星人外貌、挥手及外星人飞走等情节
结尾段：可简单总结感受，如事件令人难忘等
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：到达山顶看到飞船
到达山顶：reached the mountaintop
当时情况：a strong wind suddenly blew/a gust of wind blew up等
看到飞船：a silver alien spaceship slowly descended from the sky/a UFO landed on the mountaintop等
情绪反应：We were shocked and excited/We were surprised and thrilled等
要点二：晚上看到外星人
准备睡觉：getting ready to sleep in our tent/about to go to bed in the tent等
看到外星人：noticed several aliens standing nearby/saw some aliens standing close by等
要点三：外星人外貌特征
身材：tall and strong/big and muscular等
牙齿：teeth as sharp as knives/sharp teeth like blades等
要点四：向外星人挥手及他们的反应
挥手：waved to greet them/waved our hands to say hello等
无回应：did not respond/made no response等
飞走：turned and went back into their spaceship, which then quickly disappeared into the night sky/flew back into the spaceship and vanished into the dark sky quickly等
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