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知识过关第三讲 语法
【语法通关】
Unit 5
一、被动语态基本结构
1. 含义
主语是动作的承受者，强调 “被……”。
主动：人做动作；被动：事物被做动作。
2. 核心公式
be + 及物动词过去分词 (done)
be 动词随时态、人称、数变化。
二、本单元三大时态被动语态
1. 一般现在时被动语态
结构：am / is / are + done
肯定：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词
否定：主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词
疑问：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词？
例句：
Many animals are protected by people.
许多动物被人们保护。
2. 一般过去时被动语态
结构：was / were + done
肯定：主语 + was/were + 过去分词
否定：主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词
疑问：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词？
例句：
The tiger was saved last year.
这只老虎去年被救了。
3. 情态动词被动语态（本单元重点）
结构：情态动词 (can/must/should/may) + be + done
should be done 应该被……
must be done 必须被……
can be done 能够被……
例句：
Animals should be protected.
动物应该被保护。
We must be helped by each other.
我们必须互相帮助。
三、主动变被动口诀 & 规则
主动宾语变被动主语
主动主语前加 by 放句末（可省略）
动词变 be + 过去分词
时态不变，be 动词跟着变
例：People save pandas. → Pandas are saved by people.
四、本单元常考特殊点
感官 / 使役动词主动省 to，被动要加 to
make /let/have /see/hear /watch
主动：make sb do
被动：sb be made to do
例：People make him work. → He is made to work.
不及物动词无被动
happen, take place, appear, arrive 无被动。
The accident happened. was happened
by + 动作执行者，可省略
多用于强调动作承受者。
五、单元高频例句
Many wild animals are killed every year.（一般现在时被动）
Some animals were taken to the zoo last month.（一般过去时被动）
Wild animals should not be hurt.（情态动词被动）
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Unit 6
一、什么是宾语从句
放在动词后面，充当宾语的句子，叫宾语从句。
结构：主句 + 引导词 + 从句（陈述语序）
二、三大引导词
1. that 引导陈述句
含义：无实际意思，只起连接作用
用法：从句是肯定 / 否定陈述句，口语中常省略 that
结构：主语 + 谓语 + (that) + 主语 + 谓语…
例句：
I think (that) learning by doing is important.
我认为在做中学很重要。
She said (that) she liked DIY.
她说她喜欢手工制作。
2. if /whether 引导一般疑问句
含义：是否
if = whether，大部分情况可互换
只能用 whether：whether…or not / 介词后 / 不定式 to 前
结构：主语 + 谓语 + if/whether + 主语 + 谓语…
例句：
I wonder if/whether he will join us.
我想知道他是否会加入我们。
I don’t know whether he will come or not.
我不知道他是否会来。（只能 whether）
3. 特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句
疑问词：what, who, where, when, how, why, which 等
结构：主语 + 谓语 + 疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语…
例句：
I know what he needs.
我知道他需要什么。
She asked how we made the model.
她问我们怎么做模型。
三、宾语从句三大规则
1. 语序：从句必须用陈述语序
即：引导词 + 主语 + 谓语，不能用疑问语序
错误：I don’t know where is he.
正确：I don’t know where he is.
2. 时态（主从时态一致）
主句一般现在时 → 从句可任意时态
I know he likes DIY.
I know he did DIY yesterday.
主句一般过去时 → 从句必须用过去相关时态
He said he liked learning by doing.
She asked what they were doing.
客观真理、客观事实 → 从句永远一般现在时
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
3. 引导词不重复
一个从句只用一个引导词，不能叠加。
四、否定前移
主句主语是第一人称 (I/we)，谓语是 think, believe, suppose 等
否定主句，肯定从句
I don’t think he is right. 我认为他不对。
（不说：I think he isn’t right.）
五、简单句变宾语从句（直接引语变间接引语）
He says, “I like DIY.”
→ He says (that) he likes DIY.
She asks, “Do you learn by doing ”
→ She asks if/whether I learn by doing.
He asked, “What are you making ”
→ He asked what I was making.
六、易错点总结
陈述语序！陈述语序！陈述语序！
主句过去，从句必用过去时态
whether 可接 or not，if 一般不接
客观真理用一般现在时
Unit 7
一、过去进行时含义
表示过去某个时刻 / 时间段内，正在发生的动作。
关键词：at that time, at 8:00 yesterday, from 7 to 9 last night, then 等
二、基本结构
肯定句
主语 + was/were + doing
I / he / she / it → was doing
we / you / they → were doing
否定句
主语 + was/were + not + doing
wasn’t / weren’t doing
一般疑问句
Was/Were + 主语 + doing…
简略回答：Yes, …was/were./ No, …wasn’t/weren’t.
例句：
I was watching a video about space at 8 last night.
昨晚八点我正在看太空视频。
They were travelling in space at that time.
那时他们正在太空遨游。
Was he doing his homework at 9 yesterday
昨天九点他在做作业吗？
三、when & while 用法
1. when
可接瞬间动词 / 延续性动词
从句常用一般过去时；主句常用过去进行时
结构：过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时
When the rocket landed, we were watching it.
当火箭着陆时，我们正在观看。
2. while
只能接延续性动词
从句常用过去进行时
两种结构：
过去进行时 + while + 过去进行时（两个动作同时进行）
We were reading while they were talking about space.
我们在看书，他们在聊太空。
一般过去时 + while + 过去进行时
He arrived while I was searching for space information.
我正在查太空资料时，他到了。
简单区分口诀
when：一个长动作被短动作打断
while：两个长动作同时进行；从句必用进行时
四、与一般过去时对比
一般过去时：动作已经完成
He watched a film yesterday. 他昨天看了电影。（看完了）
过去进行时：动作正在进行，未完成
He was watching a film at 7 yesterday.
昨天七点他正在看电影。（当时在看）
五、动词变化：现在分词 doing 规则
一般直接 + ing：work → working
去 e+ing：take → taking
双写末尾辅音字母 + ing：stop → stopping, travel → travelling
ie 变 y+ing：lie → lying
六、单元重点句型
People were exploring space many years ago.
多年前人们正在探索太空。
While the astronauts were working in space, they took many photos.
宇航员在太空工作时，拍了很多照片。
What were you doing when the spacecraft returned to the earth
航天器返回地球时你在做什么？
七、常考易错点
时间点（at 8 yesterday）→ 优先用过去进行时
while 后面不能接短暂动词（arrive, start, die, leave）
was/were 单复数不要错
when 可放句首 / 句中，while 放句首居多
Unit 8
一、if 引导真实条件状语从句（主将从现）
1. 含义
表示很可能发生的假设：如果……，就……
2. 时态规则：主将从现
从句（if 部分）：一般现在时
主句：一般将来时（will do）
结构：If + 一般现在时，主语 + will do…
例句：
If I have time, I will visit Mars.
如果我有时间，我会去参观火星。
We will travel in space if it is possible.
如果有可能，我们将去太空旅行。
3. 其他常见结构
主句可用 情态动词 can/may/must/should
If you try hard, you can achieve your dream.
主句为祈使句
If you see aliens, call me.
二、if 引导非真实条件句
1. 含义
表示与现在事实相反、不可能实现的假设：假如……（其实不是）
2. 时态口诀：从句一般过去时，主句 would/could/might + 动词原形
从句：If + 主语 + 过去式（be 动词统一用 were）
主句：主语 + would/could/might + do
3. 核心例句（必背）
If I were you, I would go to space.
如果我是你，我会去太空。（事实：我不是你）
If I had super power, I could fly to the moon.
如果我有超能力，我就能飞向月球。（事实：没有超能力）
If there were no gravity, we would float everywhere.
如果没有重力，我们会到处漂浮。（事实：有重力）
重点：虚拟语气中，所有人称 be 动词一律用 were，不用 was
三、真实条件句 vs 虚拟语气
真实（可能发生）：
If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go out.
明天如果天晴，我们就出去。（有可能天晴）
虚拟（不可能）：
If I were a bird, I would fly to the sky.
如果我是一只鸟，我就飞向天空。（我不可能是鸟）
四、易错点 & 考点总结
主将从现只用于真实条件句；虚拟语气不用将来时
虚拟语气 be 动词全用 were，不分人称
if 从句不能用 will/would
If I will have time…
If I have time… / If I had time…
从句可放句首或句中；放句首用逗号隔开
五、单元高频句型
If I lived on Mars, I would wear special clothes.
如果我住在火星上，我会穿特制衣服。
What would you do if you met an alien
如果你遇到外星人，你会做什么？
If there were no air, people couldn’t live.
如果没有空气，人类无法生存。
Unit1
【基础巩固】
一、适当形式填空
1．It is right of us ________ (refuse) to use things made from endangered animals.
2．The girl was old enough ________ (take) part in the animal protection group.
3．If we do nothing, these rare animals ________ (disappear) soon.
4．People ought ________ (care) more about the living conditions of endangered animals.
5．Many kinds of animals are in danger of ________ (extinct) nowadays.
6．No one is looking forward to ________ (miss) the wonderful activities next year.
7．“Don’t wish away your ________ (young),” the sunshine said to the fir tree.
8．They haven’t reached a ________(conclude) to solve the problem. What a pity!
9．My parents are ________ (concern) about my health and study.
10．It’s important for us ________ (acquire) good learning habits.
11．Remember to store some emergency ________ (supply) at home before the typhoon.
12．While my parents ________ (cook) dinner, I was doing my homework.
13．We ________ (have) a party at 7:00 yesterday evening.
14．How can you throw a ball and have it return to you without _________ (hit) anything
15．I have no ________ (doubt) that he will win.
16．The students were ________ (inspire) by the story to learn more about science.
17．Tina woke up at midnight and saw a yellow light ________ (dive) towards the ground.
18．This door should only be used in an ________. (emergent)
19．The next morning, Tina ________ (mention) it to her brother.
20．The team’s loss in the final match ________ (disappoint) their fans.
二、短文填空
阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Mount Qomolangma is famous around the world. To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest 21 (wonder) of the world. Only the best climbers can 22 (safe) reach the top. Thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather stop many climbers.
Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern side. Mountain climbers even called it the “Death Road”. 23 , a Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb.
On 24 May 1960, Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gongbu arrived at the Second Step, 8,600 metres above sea level, which was so high that even birds could not reach it. Liu allowed his teammates to step 24 his shoulders. Bit by bit, they 25 (pull) themselves up. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain for the 26 (one) time.
In 1975, another Chinese team brought 27 ladder to the Second Step. Until 2007, almost all climbers from the northern side used this “Chinese Ladder” to reach the top much 28 (fast) than before. In 2020, a Chinese research team measured 29 (it) height—8,848.86 metres.
Climbing Qomolangma is quite 30 (danger). But why do people risk their lives to climb it Curiosity about nature and great ambition are the answer.(共41张PPT)
知识过关
第3讲 语法
八年级
最新沪教版
下
【核心考点集训】
期 末 专 题 复 习
复习内容
01
知识梳理
02
基础巩固专项练习
01
知识梳理
一、现在完成时
1. 基本结构
肯定：have /has + 过去分词
否定：have /has not + 过去分词
疑问：Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词…
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Unit5语法
2. 标志性时间词
already, yet, ever, never, just, before, recently, so far, in the past few years
3. have been to / have gone to / have been in
have been to：去过某地（已回来）
have gone to：去了某地（未回）
have been in：待在某地（持续）
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二、情态动词
must 必须（义务、规定）
We must stop hunting animals. 我们必须停止猎杀动物。
否定：mustn’t 禁止，不准
should 应该（建议、劝告）
We should save animals in danger. 我们应该拯救濒危动物。
否定：shouldn’t 不应该
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一、现在成时
need 需要
need to do sth 需要做某事（主动）
We need to protect wildlife.
need doing = need to be done 需要被……（被动含义）
The forest needs protecting. 森林需要被保护。
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三、形容词 & 副词的比较级、最高级
1. 规则变化
单音节：tall taller tallest；fast faster fastest
以 er/ ow 结尾：narrow narrower narrowest
重读闭音节：big bigger biggest；thin thinner thinnest
多音节：more dangerous, the most dangerous
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一、情态动词 should 的用法
1. 基本含义：
意为应该，用于委婉提出建议、劝告、表达义务或合理推测，语气平和、通用。
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Unit6语法
2. 句型结构（后接动词原形，无人称、时态变化）
肯定句：主语 + should + 动词原形
例：You should learn by doing things. 你应该在实践中学习。
否定句：主语 + shouldn’t (should not) + 动词原形
例：We shouldn’t waste time. 我们不应该浪费时间。
一般疑问句：Should + 主语 + 动词原形？
例：Should I try again 我应该再试一次吗？
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二、情态动词 had better 的用法
1. 基本含义：
意为最好（做 / 不做），表强烈劝告、提醒，暗示不做会有不良后果，语气比 should 更强、更紧迫，多用于口语。
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2. 句型结构（后接动词原形）
肯定句：主语 + had better (’d better) + 动词原形
例：You’d better start early. 你最好早点开始。
否定句：主语 + had better not + 动词原形（重点：不能缩写为 hadn’t better）
例：You’d better not argue with others. 你最好不要和别人争吵。
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三、ought to 的用法（拓展，与 should 同义）
1. 基本含义：
应当，语气比 should 更正式，侧重强调责任、道义上的应该。
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2. 句型结构
主语 + ought to + 动词原形；否定：ought not to + 动词原形
例：We ought to help each other. 我们应当互相帮助。
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一、过去进行时
1. 基本含义：
表示过去某个特定时间点 / 时间段内，正在发生或持续进行的动作，强调动作 “正在进行” 的状态。
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Unit7语法
2. 句型结构（后接动词原形，无人称、时态变化）
肯定句：主语 + was/were + doing (动词 - ing)
I was working in the lab at that time. 那时我正在实验室工作。
否定句：主语 + was/were + not + doing
They were not travelling in space then. 那时他们没有在太空航行。
一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + doing？
Was he sending signals at 8 yesterday evening
昨晚 8 点他正在发送信号吗？
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3. 标志语
过去特定时刻正在做
标志词：at 8 yesterday, this time yesterday, then, at that moment
例：We were taking off at 9 a.m. last Sunday.
上周日上午 9 点我们正在起飞。
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3. 标志语
过去一段时间内持续做
标志词：from…to…, during the night
例：The satellite was working during the whole night. 卫星整晚都在运行。
while 引导，两个过去动作同时进行
例：While he was doing experiments, I was collecting data. 他做实验时，我在收集数据。
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二、情态动词表推测（may/might/must/can’t）
may /might（可能，可能性弱）
例：Humans may live on Mars one day. 人类某天可能在火星居住。
must（一定，肯定推测，只用于肯定句）
例：The satellite must be working well. 这颗卫星一定运行良好。
can’t（不可能，否定推测）
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can’t（不可能，否定推测）
There can’t be life without water in space. 太空中没有水就不可能有生命。
should（应该，表合理推测 / 建议）
We should study hard to explore space. 我们应该努力学习探索太空。
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2. 句型结构（后接动词原形）
肯定句：主语 + had better (’d better) + 动词原形
例：You’d better start early. 你最好早点开始。
否定句：主语 + had better not + 动词原形（重点：不能缩写为 hadn’t better）
例：You’d better not argue with others. 你最好不要和别人争吵。
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三、原因状语从句 & because of
1. because /since/as 用法辨析（语气：because＞since＞as）
because：直接原因，语气最强，回答 why，从句常放句末
例：Astronauts exercise because there is no gravity in space.
宇航员锻炼因为太空没有重力。
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三、原因状语从句 & because of
易错：because 和 so 不能连用
since：既然、已知原因，多放句首
例：Since space junk is increasing, we must solve the problem. 既然太空垃圾在增多，我们必须解决这个问题。
as：由于、显而易见的原因，语气最弱
例：As the rocket is ready, we can take off soon. 由于火箭准备好了，我们很快可以起飞。
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三、原因状语从句 & because of
2. because of（介词短语）
后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，不能接句子
例：He failed because of space junk. 他因为太空垃圾失败了。
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一、if 引导的条件状语从句（主将从现）
1. 基本含义：
if 意为如果，引导条件状语从句，表示如果某事发生，就会出现某种结果。
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Unit8语法
2. 时态规则
主句：一般将来时（will /won’t + 动词原形）
从句：一般现在时（表将来）
口诀：主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现
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3. 结构
主将从现（最常用）
If you try hard, you will make your dream come true.
如果你努力，你会实现梦想。
主情从现（主句含情态动词 can/may/should）
If you keep trying, you can succeed.
如果你坚持尝试，你可以成功。
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主祈从现（主句为祈使句）
If you are free, please come to my home.
如果你有空，请来我家。
3. 易错点
if 引导条件状语从句，不能用将来时，从句只用一般现在时。
从句可放句首或句末；放句首时，后面加逗号。
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
= We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
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二、宾语从句 if /whether（是否）
if /whether 意为是否，用于宾语从句，常放在动词后（know, wonder, ask, tell 等）。
/ 让教学更有效
二、情态动词表推测（may/might/must/can’t）
2. 用法区别
一般情况，if = whether，可互换
例：I wonder if/whether he will come. 我想知道他是否会来。
只能用 whether，不能用 if 的情况
后面直接接 or not：whether…or not
例：I don’t know whether he will come or not.
介词后：about whether…
不定式 to do 前：whether to do
/ 让教学更有效
二、情态动词表推测（may/might/must/can’t）
3. 时态呼应
主句为一般现在时，从句时态根据实际；
主句为一般过去时，从句用相应过去时态。
/ 让教学更有效
02
基础巩固专项练习
一、适当形式填空
1．It is right of us ________ (refuse) to use things made from endangered animals.
2．The girl was old enough ________ (take) part in the animal protection group.
3．If we do nothing, these rare animals ________ (disappear) soon.
4．People ought ________ (care) more about the living conditions of endangered animals.
5．Many kinds of animals are in danger of ________ (extinct) nowadays.
to refuse
to take
will disappear
to care
extinction
6．No one is looking forward to ________ (miss) the wonderful activities next year.
7．“Don’t wish away your ________ (young),” the sunshine said to the fir tree.
8．They haven’t reached a ________(conclude) to solve the problem. What a pity!
9．My parents are ________ (concern) about my health and study.
10．It’s important for us ________ (acquire) good learning habits.
missing
youth
conclusion
concerned
to acquire
11．Remember to store some emergency ________ (supply) at home before the typhoon.
12．While my parents ________ (cook) dinner, I was doing my homework.
13．We ________ (have) a party at 7:00 yesterday evening.
14．How can you throw a ball and have it return to you without _________ (hit) anything
15．I have no ________ (doubt) that he will win.
supplies
were cooking
were having
hitting
doubt
16．The students were ________ (inspire) by the story to learn more about science.
17．Tina woke up at midnight and saw a yellow light ________ (dive) towards the ground.
18．This door should only be used in an ________. (emergent)
19．The next morning, Tina ________ (mention) it to her brother.
20．The team’s loss in the final match ________ (disappoint) their fans.
inspired
driver
emergency
mentioned
disappointed
阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Mount Qomolangma is famous around the world. To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest 21 (wonder) of the world. Only the best climbers can 22 (safe) reach the top. Thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather stop many climbers.
Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern side. Mountain climbers even called it the “Death Road”. 23 , a Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb.
二、短文填空
wonders
safely
However
二、短文填空
On 24 May 1960, Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gongbu arrived at the Second Step, 8,600 metres above sea level, which was so high that even birds could not reach it. Liu allowed his teammates to step 24 his shoulders. Bit by bit, they 25 (pull) themselves up. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain for the 26 (one) time.
In 1975, another Chinese team brought 27 ladder to the Second Step. Until 2007, almost all climbers from the northern side used this “Chinese Ladder” to reach the top much 28 (fast) than before. In 2020, a Chinese research team measured 29 (it) height—8,848.86 metres.
on
pulled
first
a
faster
its
二、短文填空
Climbing Qomolangma is quite 30 (danger). But why do people risk their lives to climb it Curiosity about nature and great ambition are the answer.

dangerous
Thanks!
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知识过关第三讲 语法
【语法通关】
Unit 5
一、被动语态基本结构
1. 含义
主语是动作的承受者，强调 “被……”。
主动：人做动作；被动：事物被做动作。
2. 核心公式
be + 及物动词过去分词 (done)
be 动词随时态、人称、数变化。
二、本单元三大时态被动语态
1. 一般现在时被动语态
结构：am / is / are + done
肯定：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词
否定：主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词
疑问：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词？
例句：
Many animals are protected by people.
许多动物被人们保护。
2. 一般过去时被动语态
结构：was / were + done
肯定：主语 + was/were + 过去分词
否定：主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词
疑问：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词？
例句：
The tiger was saved last year.
这只老虎去年被救了。
3. 情态动词被动语态（本单元重点）
结构：情态动词 (can/must/should/may) + be + done
should be done 应该被……
must be done 必须被……
can be done 能够被……
例句：
Animals should be protected.
动物应该被保护。
We must be helped by each other.
我们必须互相帮助。
三、主动变被动口诀 & 规则
主动宾语变被动主语
主动主语前加 by 放句末（可省略）
动词变 be + 过去分词
时态不变，be 动词跟着变
例：People save pandas. → Pandas are saved by people.
四、本单元常考特殊点
感官 / 使役动词主动省 to，被动要加 to
make /let/have /see/hear /watch
主动：make sb do
被动：sb be made to do
例：People make him work. → He is made to work.
不及物动词无被动
happen, take place, appear, arrive 无被动。
The accident happened. was happened
by + 动作执行者，可省略
多用于强调动作承受者。
五、单元高频例句
Many wild animals are killed every year.（一般现在时被动）
Some animals were taken to the zoo last month.（一般过去时被动）
Wild animals should not be hurt.（情态动词被动）
需要我给你整理一份语法专项练习题 + 答案，方便直接默写练习吗？
Unit 6
一、什么是宾语从句
放在动词后面，充当宾语的句子，叫宾语从句。
结构：主句 + 引导词 + 从句（陈述语序）
二、三大引导词
1. that 引导陈述句
含义：无实际意思，只起连接作用
用法：从句是肯定 / 否定陈述句，口语中常省略 that
结构：主语 + 谓语 + (that) + 主语 + 谓语…
例句：
I think (that) learning by doing is important.
我认为在做中学很重要。
She said (that) she liked DIY.
她说她喜欢手工制作。
2. if /whether 引导一般疑问句
含义：是否
if = whether，大部分情况可互换
只能用 whether：whether…or not / 介词后 / 不定式 to 前
结构：主语 + 谓语 + if/whether + 主语 + 谓语…
例句：
I wonder if/whether he will join us.
我想知道他是否会加入我们。
I don’t know whether he will come or not.
我不知道他是否会来。（只能 whether）
3. 特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句
疑问词：what, who, where, when, how, why, which 等
结构：主语 + 谓语 + 疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语…
例句：
I know what he needs.
我知道他需要什么。
She asked how we made the model.
她问我们怎么做模型。
三、宾语从句三大规则
1. 语序：从句必须用陈述语序
即：引导词 + 主语 + 谓语，不能用疑问语序
错误：I don’t know where is he.
正确：I don’t know where he is.
2. 时态（主从时态一致）
主句一般现在时 → 从句可任意时态
I know he likes DIY.
I know he did DIY yesterday.
主句一般过去时 → 从句必须用过去相关时态
He said he liked learning by doing.
She asked what they were doing.
客观真理、客观事实 → 从句永远一般现在时
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
3. 引导词不重复
一个从句只用一个引导词，不能叠加。
四、否定前移
主句主语是第一人称 (I/we)，谓语是 think, believe, suppose 等
否定主句，肯定从句
I don’t think he is right. 我认为他不对。
（不说：I think he isn’t right.）
五、简单句变宾语从句（直接引语变间接引语）
He says, “I like DIY.”
→ He says (that) he likes DIY.
She asks, “Do you learn by doing ”
→ She asks if/whether I learn by doing.
He asked, “What are you making ”
→ He asked what I was making.
六、易错点总结
陈述语序！陈述语序！陈述语序！
主句过去，从句必用过去时态
whether 可接 or not，if 一般不接
客观真理用一般现在时
Unit 7
一、过去进行时含义
表示过去某个时刻 / 时间段内，正在发生的动作。
关键词：at that time, at 8:00 yesterday, from 7 to 9 last night, then 等
二、基本结构
肯定句
主语 + was/were + doing
I / he / she / it → was doing
we / you / they → were doing
否定句
主语 + was/were + not + doing
wasn’t / weren’t doing
一般疑问句
Was/Were + 主语 + doing…
简略回答：Yes, …was/were./ No, …wasn’t/weren’t.
例句：
I was watching a video about space at 8 last night.
昨晚八点我正在看太空视频。
They were travelling in space at that time.
那时他们正在太空遨游。
Was he doing his homework at 9 yesterday
昨天九点他在做作业吗？
三、when & while 用法
1. when
可接瞬间动词 / 延续性动词
从句常用一般过去时；主句常用过去进行时
结构：过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时
When the rocket landed, we were watching it.
当火箭着陆时，我们正在观看。
2. while
只能接延续性动词
从句常用过去进行时
两种结构：
过去进行时 + while + 过去进行时（两个动作同时进行）
We were reading while they were talking about space.
我们在看书，他们在聊太空。
一般过去时 + while + 过去进行时
He arrived while I was searching for space information.
我正在查太空资料时，他到了。
简单区分口诀
when：一个长动作被短动作打断
while：两个长动作同时进行；从句必用进行时
四、与一般过去时对比
一般过去时：动作已经完成
He watched a film yesterday. 他昨天看了电影。（看完了）
过去进行时：动作正在进行，未完成
He was watching a film at 7 yesterday.
昨天七点他正在看电影。（当时在看）
五、动词变化：现在分词 doing 规则
一般直接 + ing：work → working
去 e+ing：take → taking
双写末尾辅音字母 + ing：stop → stopping, travel → travelling
ie 变 y+ing：lie → lying
六、单元重点句型
People were exploring space many years ago.
多年前人们正在探索太空。
While the astronauts were working in space, they took many photos.
宇航员在太空工作时，拍了很多照片。
What were you doing when the spacecraft returned to the earth
航天器返回地球时你在做什么？
七、常考易错点
时间点（at 8 yesterday）→ 优先用过去进行时
while 后面不能接短暂动词（arrive, start, die, leave）
was/were 单复数不要错
when 可放句首 / 句中，while 放句首居多
Unit 8
一、if 引导真实条件状语从句（主将从现）
1. 含义
表示很可能发生的假设：如果……，就……
2. 时态规则：主将从现
从句（if 部分）：一般现在时
主句：一般将来时（will do）
结构：If + 一般现在时，主语 + will do…
例句：
If I have time, I will visit Mars.
如果我有时间，我会去参观火星。
We will travel in space if it is possible.
如果有可能，我们将去太空旅行。
3. 其他常见结构
主句可用 情态动词 can/may/must/should
If you try hard, you can achieve your dream.
主句为祈使句
If you see aliens, call me.
二、if 引导非真实条件句
1. 含义
表示与现在事实相反、不可能实现的假设：假如……（其实不是）
2. 时态口诀：从句一般过去时，主句 would/could/might + 动词原形
从句：If + 主语 + 过去式（be 动词统一用 were）
主句：主语 + would/could/might + do
3. 核心例句（必背）
If I were you, I would go to space.
如果我是你，我会去太空。（事实：我不是你）
If I had super power, I could fly to the moon.
如果我有超能力，我就能飞向月球。（事实：没有超能力）
If there were no gravity, we would float everywhere.
如果没有重力，我们会到处漂浮。（事实：有重力）
重点：虚拟语气中，所有人称 be 动词一律用 were，不用 was
三、真实条件句 vs 虚拟语气
真实（可能发生）：
If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go out.
明天如果天晴，我们就出去。（有可能天晴）
虚拟（不可能）：
If I were a bird, I would fly to the sky.
如果我是一只鸟，我就飞向天空。（我不可能是鸟）
四、易错点 & 考点总结
主将从现只用于真实条件句；虚拟语气不用将来时
虚拟语气 be 动词全用 were，不分人称
if 从句不能用 will/would
If I will have time…
If I have time… / If I had time…
从句可放句首或句中；放句首用逗号隔开
五、单元高频句型
If I lived on Mars, I would wear special clothes.
如果我住在火星上，我会穿特制衣服。
What would you do if you met an alien
如果你遇到外星人，你会做什么？
If there were no air, people couldn’t live.
如果没有空气，人类无法生存。
Unit1
【基础巩固】
一、适当形式填空
1．It is right of us ________ (refuse) to use things made from endangered animals.
2．The girl was old enough ________ (take) part in the animal protection group.
3．If we do nothing, these rare animals ________ (disappear) soon.
4．People ought ________ (care) more about the living conditions of endangered animals.
5．Many kinds of animals are in danger of ________ (extinct) nowadays.
6．No one is looking forward to ________ (miss) the wonderful activities next year.
7．“Don’t wish away your ________ (young),” the sunshine said to the fir tree.
8．They haven’t reached a ________(conclude) to solve the problem. What a pity!
9．My parents are ________ (concern) about my health and study.
10．It’s important for us ________ (acquire) good learning habits.
11．Remember to store some emergency ________ (supply) at home before the typhoon.
12．While my parents ________ (cook) dinner, I was doing my homework.
13．We ________ (have) a party at 7:00 yesterday evening.
14．How can you throw a ball and have it return to you without _________ (hit) anything
15．I have no ________ (doubt) that he will win.
16．The students were ________ (inspire) by the story to learn more about science.
17．Tina woke up at midnight and saw a yellow light ________ (dive) towards the ground.
18．This door should only be used in an ________. (emergent)
19．The next morning, Tina ________ (mention) it to her brother.
20．The team’s loss in the final match ________ (disappoint) their fans.
二、短文填空
阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Mount Qomolangma is famous around the world. To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest 21 (wonder) of the world. Only the best climbers can 22 (safe) reach the top. Thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather stop many climbers.
Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern side. Mountain climbers even called it the “Death Road”. 23 , a Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb.
On 24 May 1960, Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gongbu arrived at the Second Step, 8,600 metres above sea level, which was so high that even birds could not reach it. Liu allowed his teammates to step 24 his shoulders. Bit by bit, they 25 (pull) themselves up. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain for the 26 (one) time.
In 1975, another Chinese team brought 27 ladder to the Second Step. Until 2007, almost all climbers from the northern side used this “Chinese Ladder” to reach the top much 28 (fast) than before. In 2020, a Chinese research team measured 29 (it) height—8,848.86 metres.
Climbing Qomolangma is quite 30 (danger). But why do people risk their lives to climb it Curiosity about nature and great ambition are the answer.
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案
一、1．to refuse
2．to take
3．will disappear
4．to care
5．extinction
6．missing
7．youth
8．conclusion
9．concerned
10．to acquire
11．supplies
12．were cooking
13．were having
14．hitting
15．doubt
16．inspired
17．diving
18．emergency
19．mentioned
20．disappointed
二、21．wonders 22．safely 23．However 24．on 25．pulled 26．first 27．a 28．faster 29．its 30．dangerous

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